ACTION ENFO AF oo AGRE-OO INL-OO SRPP-OO EAP-OO EB-oo UTED-OO vc oo IO-OO VCE-OO M oo TEST-00 005w D85E17 0514542 38 0 0514072 JAN 04 FM AMEMBASSY NAIROBI INFO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 5655 AMEMBASSY KHARTOUM A AMEMBASSY ADDIS ABABA ASMARA AMEMBASSY CAIRO AMEMBASSY NDJAMENA KINSHASA AMEMBASSY KAMRALA AMEMBASSY BANGUI AMEMBASSY ROME USMISSION GENEVA AMEMBASSY BRUSSELS USMISSION USUN NEW YORK CIA WASHDC NSC WASHDC SECDEF WASHDC HQ USEUCOM VAIHINGEN GE 0015 HQ USCENTCOM MACDILL AFB FL HQ USSOCOM FP MACDILL AFB FL UNCLAS NAIROBI 000034 AIDAC STATE ALSO RASS STATE FOR STATE FOR USAID FOR BGARVELINK SANCHEZ JBORNS DRHOAD KEARNSNORTH JMARKS JKIMBROUGH USAID FOR SUDAN TASK AHENSON BDSILVA USAID FOR RNAGNER USAID FOR USAID FOR USAID FOR RNIEC NAIROBI FOR KSMITH BKAUFFELD MBEERS SGREEN AREED ROME FOR FODAG I GENEVA FOR NKYLOH 5 NSC FOR JDWORKEN 5 REDSOLFOR ESTES AND DEPREZ E O 12958 TAGS SUBJECT CHAD-SUDAN DARFUR REFUGEES SITUATION REPORT 1 SUDAN FIELD OFFICE SFO FFP OFFICER DANIEL SUTHER TRAVELED TO CHAD 10-17 MET WITH GOC OFFICIALS AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS DROVE SOME 2 400 DUSTY KILOMETERS TO THE SUDANESE BORDER AND VISITED EIGHT DARFUR REFUGEE AREAS SOUTH OF THE TOWN OF ADRE 2 WHILE NUMBERS ARE UNCERTAIN THERE ARE AN ESTIMATED 40 000-45 000 SUDANESE REFUGEES FROM DARFUR SCATTERED IN SOME FIFTY SETTLEMENTS ALONG A 1 000 KM STRETCH OF THEIR LOCATION ON THE BORDER POSES SEVERAL PROBLEMS INCLUDING SECURITY WITH CROSS-BORDER RAIDS OCCURRING LOGISTICS AS INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES SIMPLY CANNOT REACH THE DIFFUSE POPULATIONS IN THE CHALLENGING AND IDENTIFICATION SINCE THE REFUGEES ARE SETTLED IN AREAS INHABITED BY THEIR TRIBAL CLANSMEN AND DISTINCTION BETWEEN SUDANESE AND CHADIAN IS THEREFORE DIFFICULT 3 ALTHOUGH THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ARE NOT OF CRISIS PROPORTIONS WITH ETHNIC SUPPORT AND AN EXCELLENT RECENT HARVEST IN CHAD MANY OF THEM RECOUNT HARROWING ORDEALS IN DARFUR AT THE HANDS OF ARAB OR MILITIA WHO THE REFUGEES SAY HAVE KILLED HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE AND BURNED SCORES OF VILLAGES TO THE 4 THE SFO STRONGLY SUPPORTS CURRENT PLANS TO OPEN TWO CENTRAL CAMPS SOME FIFTY KM FROM THE BORDER IN ORDER TO IMPROVE SECURITY MORE EFFECTIVELY ACCESS REFUGEE POPULATIONS AND DIFFERENTIATE REFUGEES FROM LOCAL CHADIAN POPULATIONS 5 THE SFO FURTHER RECOMMENDS AN APPROPRIATE CONTRIBUTION TO UPCOMING EMERGENCY OPERATION EMOP IN EASTERN CHAD IF THE TWO CAMPS CAN BE ESTABLISHED OR IF THE CONDITIONS ALONG THE BORDER SHOULD WORSEN 6 GIVEN THE CONTINUING INABILITY OF AGENCIES TO FULLY ACCESS DARFUR REGION FROM GOS AREAS THE BORDER TOWN OF TINE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED POSSIBLE ENTRY POINT FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE INTO SUDANESE LIBERATION AREAS OF DARFUR THIS WOULD NEED TO BE ASSESSED FOR ITS LOGISTICAL FEASIBILITY AS WELL AS TO DETERMINE THE SIZE OF POTENTIAL POPULATIONS AND AREAS THAT COULD BE EFFECTIVELY ACCESSED IN SUCH A CROSS-BORDER OPERATION END SUMMARY 7 THERE HAVE BEEN THREE MAIN ZONES OF SUDANESE REFUGEE INFLUX INTO EASTERN CHAD FROM APRIL ONWARDS THIS YEAR A AIDAC STATE ALSO PASS STATE FOR STATE FOR USAID FOR BGARVELINK SANCHEZ JBORNS DREOAD KFARNSWORTH JMARKS CTHOMAS-JENSEN USAID FOR SUDAN TASK AHENSON BDSILVA USAID FOR RWAGNER USAID FOR USAID FOR USAID FOR RNIEC NAIROBI FOR KSMITH BKAUFFELD MBEERS SGREEN AREED ROME FOR FO NORTHERN PRIMARILY ETHNIC ZAGHAWA AREA INCLUDING BIRAK TINE AND BAHAI COMPRISING ABOUT HALF THE TOTAL A CENTRAL VERY SCATTERED PREDOMINATELY MASSALIT POPULATION SOUTH OF BIRAK TO AND A NEWER SOUTHERN FUR COMMUNITY AROUND TISSI IN THE SOUTHEASTERN TIP OF THE COUNTRY 8 THE REFUGEE POPULATION NUMBERS VARY WIDELY DEPENDING ON THE SOURCE THE GOC ESTIMATES SOME 90 000 REFUGEES WHILE ASSESSMENTS IN AUGUST AND OCTOBER ESTIMATED APPROXIMATELY 60 000-70 000 PEOPLE THE UN BELIEVES THESE FIGURES ARE PROBABLY HIGH HOWEVER AND MSF HAS ESTIMATED AROUND 30 000 REFUGEES 9 WITH APPROXIMATELY 1 000-1 500 NEW ARRIVALS IN RECENT WEEKS IN THE CENTRAL ZONE AND AN ADDITIONAL 6 000-8 000 IN THE SOUTH UNHCR BELIEVES THERE ARE NOW APPROXIMATELY 40 000 45 000 SUDANESE REFUGEES IN EASTERN CHAD WE BELIEVE THIS ESTIMATE SOUNDS FAIRLY HOWEVER GIVEN THE SCATTERED LOCATIONS OF THE REFUGEES ALONG 1 000 KM OF BORDER AND THE FACT THAT THEY ARE LIVING TOGETHER WITH THEIR CHADIAN ETHNIC CLANSMEN IT WILL BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO PROVIDE A SOLID ESTIMATE UNTIL CENTRAL CAMPS ARE ESTABLISHED 10 THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ARE SURPRISINGLY GOOD THEY ARE GENERALLY LIVING IN THEIR AREAS SO RECEIVE CONSIDERABLE SUPPORT FROM FAMILY MANY OF THEM HAVE BEEN ABLE TO PROVIDE LABOR IN CHADIAN SORGHUM AND PEANUT FIELDS HELPING TO CONTRIBUTE TO THE RECENT EXCELLENT HARVEST WHICH SOME ESTIMATE AT AROUND 30% ABOVE AND MANY REFUGEES ALSO HAVE BROUGHT LARGE NUMBERS OF LIVESTOCK WITH THEM 11 BASED ON THE BORDER IN ADRE NOTED THAT THE REFUGEE SITUATION WAS A MEDICAL AND PROVIDED A VERY ROUGH ESTIMATION OF MALNOURISHED CHILDREN BASED ON IMMUNIZATION NUMBERS IN ONE AREA THAT CALCULATED To LESS THAN 5% GLOBAL ACUTE MALNUTRITION SECURITY LOGISTICS AND IDENTIFICATION DIFFICULT TO PROVIDE 12 THERE ARE THREE MAJOR CONSTRAINTS FOR AGENCIES TRYING TO ACCESS THE REFUGEES THE FIRST SECURITY AFFECTS THE REFUGEES AND LOCAL CHADIANS EVEN MORE THAN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS BUT POSES A SERIOUS PROBLEM FOR AGENCIES AS WELL SECURITY ALONG THE BORDER HAS WORSENED CONSIDERABLY IN RECENT MONTHS WITH FREQUENT RAIDING OCCURRING OFTEN TO STEAL LIVESTOCK OF BOTH REFUGEES AND CHADIANS WITH REVENGE ATTACKS INTO SUDAN ALSO REPORTED MUCH OF THE BORDER AREA HAS BECOME INSECURE AT NIGHT AND SOME OF IT EVEN DURING THE DAY GOS HELICOPTERS ALSO REGULARLY PATROL THE BORDER CAUSING A SENSE OF INSECURITY AMONG THE REFUGEES ROUGH CTHOMAS-JENSEN USAID FOR SUDAN TASK AHENSON BDSILVA I USAID FOR RWAGNER USAID FOR USAID FOR USAID FOR RNIEC NAIROBI FOR KS 13 THE SECOND DIFFICULTY IS LOGISTICS AS INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES ARE NOT ABLE TO REGULARLY ACCESS ALL THE REFUGEE SITES DUE TO THE VAST AREA AND LACK OF ROADS THIRDLY AS THE BORDER CHADIANS ARE OF THE SAME TRIBES AS THE REFUGEES IDENTIFICATION OF TRUE REFUGEES CAN BE EXTREMELY DIFFICULT 14 AND WORK IN THE CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ZONES RESPECTIVELY MANAGING PRIMARY HEALTH CARE CENTERS MOBILE CLINICS EPI PROGRAMS AND NUTRITIONAL FEEDING NOTED THAT ACCESS WAS QUITE POOR ROAD CONDITIONS AND THAT A REFUGEE SETTLEMENT MAY HAVE SIMPLY MOVED ON TO A NEW AREA THE NEXT TIME MSF THE AGENCY WAS THEN FORCED TO SEARCH FOR THE POPULATIONS OVER THE FOLLOWING DAY OR TWO MSF ALSO BELIEVED THAT AS THE ABUNDANT HARVEST DIMINISHES OVER THE COMING MONTHS CONDITIONS WOULD LIKELY DETERIORATE 15 WFP HAS PROVIDED SOME 500 MT OF FOOD TO VULNERABLE POPULATIONS AMONG THE REFUGEES BUT HAS FOUND THE LOGISTICS OF DELIVERING THIS ASSISTANCE TO BE DAUNTING NEW EMOP REQUESTING 13 878 MT OF COMMODITIES FOR 60 000 PEOPLE JANUARY-DECEMBER 2004 IS CURRENTLY IN THE FINAL APPROVAL PROCESS 16 UNHCR HAS ALSO DISTRIBUTED SOME ASSISTANCE TO THE REFUGEES INCLUDING PLASTIC SHEETING AND JERRYCANS AS WITH WFP UNHCR HAS FOUND THE LOGISTICS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT 17 THE BORDER TOWN OF ADRE LIES IN EASTERN OUADDAI REGION LAND OF AND JUST TO REACH THE BORDER ALONG THE MAIN ROAD ONE MUST CROSS SCORES OF DRY RIVERBEDS DIFFICULT EVEN IN THE DRY SEASON AND WHICH WHEN FULL OF WATER JUNE-AUGUST CAN COMPETELY IMPASSABLE THESE GEOGRAPHIC HINDRANCES COMBINED WITH THE REFUGEES LIVING IN SOME FIFTY SETTLEMENTS ALONG A 1 000 KM STRETCH OF BORDER -- IN A REMOTE REGION WITHOUT GOOD OR SOMETIMES ANY ROADS -- MAKE THE LOGISTICS SOMEWHAT OVERWHELMING 18 WFP NOW HAS AN EMERGENCY COORDINATOR AND A LOGISTICS OFFICER BASED IN THE EAST T0 SUPORT ITS OPERATION VEHICLES AND PORTABLE STORAGE FACILITIES HAVE ALSO RECENTLY ARRIVED INCOUNTRY GIVEN THE CURRENTLY GOOD PHYSICAL CONDITION WITH AN ABUNDANT AND THE CONSTRAINTS PRESENTED ABOVE THE EMERGENCY COORDINATOR HAS RECOMMENDED THAT WFP NOT PROVIDE ADDITIONAL ASSISTANCE TO THE REFUGEES EXCEPT FOR NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT THROUGH AND UNTIL ACCESSIBLE CENTRAL CAMPS HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED OR THE CONDITIONS SHOULD WORSEN THUS A NEED FOR CENTRAL CAMPS -4 FUS STATE FOR USAID BGARVELINK THALMRAST- SANCHEZ KFARNSWORTH JMARKS CTHOMAS-JENSEN USAID FOR SUDAN TASK AHENSON BDSILVA USAID EOR RWAGNER USAID FOR USAID FOR USAID FOR RNIEC NAIROBI EOR KSMITH MBEERs SGREEN AREED ROME FOR FODAG GENEVA FOR NKYLOH FOR JDWORKEN FOR 19 A UNHCR EMERGENCY TEAM ON GROUND IN THE EAST FOR THE PAST THREE MONTHS BELIEVES THE CURRENT SITUATION IS UNTENABLE IT HAS RECOMENDED -- DUE TO THE WORSENING BORDER SECURITY OVERWHELMING LOGISTICS AND THE DIFFICULTY IN DIFFERENTIATING REFUGEES FROM CHADIAN POPULATIONS -- THAT TWO CENTRAL CAMPS BE ESTABLISHED AROUND FIFTY KM FROM THE BORDER UNHCR BELIEVES THAT ONLY TRUE REFUGEES REQUIRING ASSISTANCE WILL MOVE TO THE CAMPS AND THAT CHADIAN POPULATIONS AS WELL AS REFUGEES WITH LARGE NUMBERS OF LIVESTOCK WOULD PREFER NOT TO SHIFT FROM THEIR CURRENT LOCATIONS 20 UNHCR PROPOSES OPENING ONE CAMP IN FARCHANA FOR THE POPULATIONS AND ANOTHER UP IN SAHARAN FOR THE NORTHERN THE GOC HAS AGREED TO ESTABLISHING FARCHANA AND GTZ IS DUE TO BEGIN PREPARING IT FOR OCCUPATION BY LATE JANUARY THE OFFICER EXAMINED THE SIXTEEN SQ KM SITE WHICH APPEARED QUITE ADEQUATE FOR 20 000 PEOPLE TOGETHER WITH A REASONABLE AMOUNT OF LIVESTOCK OUTSIDE ITS PERIMETERS FARCHANA OFFICIALS ALSO PLEDGED TO PROVIDE THE REFUGEES SOME ACCESS TO FARMLAND 21 MAIN DIFFICULTY WITH FARCHANA IS THE LOGISTICS INVOLVED IN TRANSPORTING 6 000-8 000 PEOPLE THERE FROM TISSI SOME 550 KM AND TRUCK DRIVE AWAY -- WHICH MAY TAKE OVER ONE MONTH TO ACCOMPLISH WFP IS EXPLORING THE POSSIBILITY OF USING FOOD FOR WORK FFW FOR LOCAL CHADIAN POPULATIONS TO IMPROVE THIS ROUTE 22 AS OPPOSED TO THE POSITIVE FORWARD MOVEMENTS ON FARCHANA UNHCR IS EXPERIENCING SOME DIFFICULTY IN OBTAINING GOC APPROVAL TO ESTABLISH THE NORTHERN CAMP OF 7 SAHARAN REPORTEDLY BECAUSE SOME LOCAL OFFICIALS WOULD PREFER THAT THE REFUGEES REMAIN IN THEIR AREAS ALONG THE BORDER OBSERVERS SPECULATE THAT THEIR RATIONALE MAY BE TO INFLATE REFUGEE NUMBERS AND THEREFORE THE ASSISTANCE PROVIDED AS WELL AS TO FACILITATE AND ACTIVITIES ACROSS THE BORDER 23 UNHCR BELIEVES A PRESIDENTIAL DECISION IS NECESSARY NOT THE LEAST BECAUSE THIS NORTHERN ZONE IS INHABITED BY HIS ZAGHAHA GROUP AND THE REFUGEES THERE ARE ALSO PREDOMINATELY ZASHANA THE UN ASSISTANT HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES TRAVELED To CHAD 16 18 HE PRESUME THAT THIS WAS DISCUSSED WITH PRESIDENT DEBY AT THAT TIME 24 IN SHORT WHILE HUMANITARIAN ACCESS HAS BEEN LOGISTICALLY DIFFICULT THE REFUGEES DO NOT CURRENTLY REQUIRE MAJOR SUPPORT AND IF THE CAMPS CAN BE ESTABLISHED AND RUNNING BY THE BEGINNING OF FEBRUARY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS WILL THEN BE MUCH BETTER ABLE TO ACCESS THOSE WHO ARE TRULY IN NEED OF ASSISTANCE BGARVELINK THALMRAST- SANCHEZ JBORNS DRHOAD KFARNSWORTH JMARKS JKIMBROUGH CTHOMAS-JENSEN USAID FOR SUDAN TASK AHENSON BDSILVA USAID FOR RHAGNER USAID USAID FOR DCHA REPORTS FROM DARFUR 25 AS MUCH OF THE NORTHERN BORDER AREA IN SUDAN IS CONTROLLED BY THE REPORTS FROM THERE INDICATE MOSTLY GOS ANTONOV BOMBING OF TOWNS AND MARKETS AND FEWER MILITA INCURSIONS -- MORE INTIMIDATION THAN A TRUE MILITARY CAMPAIGN THE IS STRONGLY SUPPORTED BY SOME OF THE CLANS WITHIN THE ZAGHAWA COMMUNITY WHILE SMALL IN NUMBER THE ZAGHAWA IN CHAD ARE EXTREMELY POWERFUL POLITICALLY AND ECONOMICALLY 26 ALONG THE ZONE -- BIRAK TO TISSI -- THE GOS CONTROLS THE BORDER AND THE MASSALIT REFUGEES INTERVIEWED RECOUNTED NUMEROUS ATTACKS BY WHICH FORCED THEM INTO CHAD WHEN PRESSED FOR MORE DETAIL ON THE ATTACKERS THEY DISCUSSED ARMED CAMEL- AND HORSEMEN WHO HAD MOVED ONTO THE FARMS AND WHOSE CATTLE HAD EATEN THEIR CROPS 27 THE REFUGEES NOTED THAT THERE HAD BEEN TRADITIONAL CONFLICT WITH THESE PASTORAL ARABS FOR GENERATIONS BUT THAT THE ARABS WERE NOW BEING SUPPORTED BY ARMED MILITIA KNOWN AS WHO HAD KILLED MANY PEOPLE AND BURNED A LARGE NUMBER OF VILLAGES THE REFUGEES BELIEVED THAT THIS BURNING HAD BEEN CARRIED OUT TO INTIMIDATE THEM AND IT APPEARED TO BE QUITE EFFECTIVE AS MANY REFUGEES WERE CLEARLY TRAUMATIZED AND DID NOT FEEL SAFE RETURNING HOME AT PRESENT 28 REFUGEES IN NAKOULOUTA SETTLEMENT REPORTED THAT TWO DAYS EARLIER THEY HAD HEARD THAT 12 VILLAGES WERE BURNED AND 52 PEOPLE KILLED IN THE REFUGEES WERE ALSO ABLE TO NAME EACH OF THESE VILAGES IN TURN LENDING SOME CREDENCE TO THIS REPORT A GROUP OF REFUGEES THERE ALSO POINTED TO SMOKE ACROSS THE WADI KAJA BORDER AND STATED THAT THAT WAS ONE OF THE VILLAGES BURNING NOTE WE WERE NOT ABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY CONFIRM EITHER OF THESE REPORTS END NOTE 29 WHEN ASKED WHAT HAD CHANGED NOW AFTER LIVING TOGETHER WITH ARAB SUDANESE FOR SO MANY YEARS WITH MAINLY LOWER-LEVEL CONFLICTS THE REFUGEES NOTED THAT PREVIOUSLY IF THEIR CATTLE WERE RAIDED OR THE ANIMALS ATE THEIR CROPS THEY FELT THERE HAD BEEN SOME SENSE OF JUSTICE AS THE GOS WOULD COMPENSATE THEM NOW THE REFUGEES SAID THE ARAB COMMUNITIES WERE VIOLENTLY TAKING OVER THEIR LAND WITH GOS SUPPORT AND WEAPONRY BECAUSE THE REFUGEES WERE PERCEIVED TO BE THEY THUS HAD NO OPTION BUT TO FLEE COMMENT APPARENTLY THE IRGNY IS LOST ON THESE ARAB OF CHOOSING A NAME SYNONYMOUS NOT ONLY WITH FIERCE FIGHTERS BUT ALSO WITH KURDISH PATRIOTS FIGHTING SUCCESSFULLY AGAINST ARAB DOMINANCE END COMMENT JMARKS JKIMBROUGH CTHOMAS- JENSEN USAID FOR SUDAN TASK FORCE KALMQUIST AHENSON BDSILVA USAID FOR SBRADLEY RWAGNER USAID FOR LMESERVE USAID FOR USAID FOR RNIEC SYSTEMATIC 30 A NUMBER OF UNHCR OFFICIALS DESCRIBED THE SITUATION IN DARFUR AS IN ORDER TO EXTERMINATE OR EXPEL THE BLACK MUSLIM BUT NONTARABIZED POPULATIONS THERE NEARLY ALL THE REFUGEES COULD RELATE HOW THEY HAD SEEN FAMILY MEMBERS OR FELLOW VILLAGERS KILLED AND THEIR FARMS BURNED OR HAD AT LEAST HEARD ABOUT NEIGHBORING VILLAGES RAZED AND DECIDED TO FLEE THE REFUGEES HAVE CLEARLY EXPERIENCED A GREAT DEAL OF VIOLENCE AND INTIMIDATION WHICH THEY SAID WAS BEING FULLY SUPPORTED BY THE GOS - 31 THE ANTONOV BOMBINGS AND VICIOUS ARAB MILITIA ATTACKS ALSO WERE PART OF THE TACTICAL PATTERN THE GOS EMPLOYED UNTIL ONLY RECENTLY FOR YEARS AGAINST CIVILIANS IN SOUTHERN SUDAN AS AN ATTEMPT To PUT DOWN INSURRECTION THERE SOME SPECULATE THAT THE IMPENDING - PEACE AGREEMENT WITH THE SPLM HAS NON ALLOWED THE 608 A FREER HAND To PRCSECUTE ITS CAMPAIGN MORE VIOLENTLY AGAINST THE DARFUR REBELLION- 32 THE REFUGEES IN CHAD COME MAINLY FROM AREAS IN DARFUR WITHIN FIFTY KM OF THE BORDER AND THEY REPORTED THAT A MUCH LARGER NUMBER OF THOSE BEING ATTACKED HAD FLED IN OTHER DIRECTIONS TO WHAT ARE PERCEIVED AS INCLUDING LARGER TOWNS IN DARFUR THIS SEEMED TO INDICATE THAT EXTERMINATION OR ERADICATION MAY NOT HAVE BEEN THE GOAL BUT RATHER AN EXTREME ATTEMPT TO RETAIN CONTROL OF THE AREA UNDER ASSAULT BY ARMED REBELS THE REFUGEES THEMSELVES SAID THAT THEY WERE BEING HEAVILY PERSECUTED AT THIS TIME BECAUSE OF THEIR PERCEIVED SUPPORT FOR THE 33 THROUGH DISCUSSIONS WITH THE REFUGEES IT APPEARS CLEAR THAT MANY NON-ARABIZED POPULATIONS IN DARFUR ARE BEING KILLED OR FORCED OFF THEIR LAND AND THEIR VILAGES RAZED HOWEVER IT IS SOMEWHAT LESS CLEAR WHETHER THE GOS IS SYSTEMATICALLY TRYING TO RID ITSELF COMPLETELY OF AFRICAN TRIBES ESPECIALLY WHEN MOST OF THOSE DISPLACED REMAIN IN DARFUR 34 WHETHER THE VIOLENT CAMPAIGN BEING PROSECUTED IN DARFUR IS ACTUALLY A SYSTEMATIC ETHNIC CLEANSING OR A TERRIBLE ESCALATION OF TRADITIONAL TRIBAL ANIMOSITIES CARRIED OUT AGAINST CIVILIANS DUE TO PERCIEVED REBEL SYMPATHIES THE RESULT IS PAINFUL TO HEAR IN THE STORIES OF VICTIMIZATION 35 WHILE THEIR WOUNDS REMAIN UNDIAGNOSED THE PHYSICAL CONDITIONS ARE NOT CURRENTLY OF CRISIS PROPORTIONS LIVING AS THEY ARE WITHFUS STATE FOR DRAAD USAID FOR BGARVELINK THALMRAST- SANCHEZ JBORNS DRHOAD KFARNSWORTH JMARKS JKIMBROUGH CTHOMAS-JENSEN USAID FOR SUDAN TASK AHENSON BDSILVA USAID FOR RWAGNER USAID FOR USAID FOR USAID FOR RNIEC NAIROBI FOR KSMITH BKAUFFELD MBEERS SGREEN AREED ROME FOR FODAG GENEVA FOR NKYLOH NSC FOR JDWORKEN REDSO FOR THEIR CHADIAN CLANSMEN OFF A RECENT BOUNTIFUL HARVEST HOWEVER GIVEN THE EXTREME VICTIMIZATION STILL OCCURRING IN DARFUR THE SITUATION MAY WELL WORSEN BEFORE IT IMPROVES WITH GROWING NUMBERS OF REFUGEES LIVING IN INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT CONDITIONS AS THE HARVEST DIMINISHES WFP UNHCR AND MSF ARE WORKING EXTREMELY WELL TO SERVE THE REFUGEES BUT ARE LOGISTICALLY HEAVILY PRESSED 36 THE SFO STRONGLY SUPPORTS CURRENT PLANS TO OPEN TWO CENTRAL CAMPS SOME FIFTY KILOMETERS FROM THE BORDER IN ORDER TO REDUCE INSECURITY ACCESS POPULATIONS MORE EFFECTIVELY AND IMPROVE IDENTIFICATION OF ACTUAL REFUGEES IF THE GOC CONTINUES TO STALL 0N ALLOWING THE NORTHERN CAMP WE RECOMMEND INCREASED POLITICAL SUPPORT TO UNHCR TO ENSURE THE CAMPFS ESTABLISHMENT 37 THE SFO FURTHER RECOMMENDS AN APPROPRIATE CONTRIBUTION TO UPCOMING EMOP IF THE TWO CAMPS CAN BE ESTABLISHED OR IF THE CONDITIONS ALONG THE BORDER SHOULD WORSEN 38 GIVEN THE CONTINUING HUMANITARIAN CRISIS IN DARFUR REGION COMBINED WITH THE INABILITY OF AGENCIES TO ACCESS THE AFFECTED AREAS ADEQUATELY FROM GOS TERRITORY THE BORDER TOWN OF TINE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED AS A POSSIBLE ENTRY POINT FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE INTO AREAS OF DARFUR THIS WOULD NEED TO BE FOR ITS LOGISTICAL FEASIBILITY AS WELL AS TO DETERMINE THE SIZE OF POTENTIAL POPULATIONS AND AREAS THAT COULD M BE EFFECTIVELY ACCESSED IN SUCH A CROSS-BORDER OPERATION SUCH AN ASSESSMENT WOULD NECESSARILY ENTAIL A DETERMINATION AS TO WHETHER CONDITIONS ON THE SUDANESE SIDE OF THE BORDER WOULD PERMIT SAFE AND EFFECTIVE OF HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE ROWE                     National Security Archive    Suite 701  Gelman Library  The George Washington University    2130 H Street  NW  Washington  D C  20037    Phone  202 994‐7000  Fax  202 994‐7005  nsarchiv@gwu edu