- i museums-1 i -- - I if The following pages were denied in x 212% full and not provided pursuant to FOIA 403-1 I and 50 USC 403 9 i 2 3 1 5 39-12 14-18 and one Notes page f-I ti mar 91- o o'rlt Irnae - 1 - He- Pi I 1 1 'Egcj fd' A'n- 319 lg 5 1 aw j a J s 74- wk 35 5' erg-M 1119 Worked Mosul of classi ed Intomulinn may be prosecuted under Section 793 and Section 795 1% 18 USC and is by ne a not more than 01 not mom than 10 91518 0 1-5 Pfeff ggvfo mg rgprJ rr - 'Pf'u hjg fl L' qf Erin-tins 3 hem Defense Intelligence Assessment This document is published under the auspices of the Department of Defense Intelligence Production Program The Defense Intelligence Agency produced it as the designated producer for this subject Prepared by A USC 424 Directorate for Analysis and Production Defense Intelligence Agency Principal Author I Directorate for Analysis and Production USC 424 8 3ch 7 424 Major Contributors - Directorate forAnalysis and Production USC 424 BOMB i USC 424 I Directorate for Anal sis and Production b 3 310 USC 424 g ggc IE- I 424 This product addresses the interests of the Of ce of Secretary of Defense the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the National Security Council mlm humane use 403 1a Momma use 403-1 I Contents I Introduction - 1 I alvnt '1 1b -4 1 3 Consolidation and Activities 3 Al-Taji 3 Wet 4 G 5 5 Continued Use of International Atomic Energy Agency Programs 6 Training 6 Uranium Acquisition Uranium Processing 7 Facilities for Uranium Milling and Processing 7 Gas Centrifuge Enrichment Process 8 Gas Cenni tge-Related Parts 10 Other Related Procurement Al-Rashidiyah 13 Fabrication and Weaponization of Nuclear Weapons and Con ponents 13 USC 403-10 13 13 USC 403 13 Detonataors Arming Fuzing and Firing 13 Warhead Integration With Missile Delivery Systems 14 I Foreign Nuclear Weapon Assistance 15 I Pakistan 15 use 403 16 a likelihood To Accept Assistance - 16 17 Timeline for Completion of a Nuclear Weapon - 17 Table General Nuclear-Related Procurement 1999-2002 11 ill I I -J h W m ion-95mm 4 95 N9Fem ontents Continued Figures 1 Saddam Meeting th IAEC in September 2001 2 2 4 3 5 4 Yellowcake 6 8 6 Aluminum 'lhbes 11 Iraqi Centrifuges 17 yen- usc 403-10 Beemerging Nuclear Weapon Progr Introduction Iraq s nuclear weapon program probably began in 1975 Initially Iraq concentrated on e orts to recover plutonium from its French supplied Osirak reactor However after Israel destroyed this reactor in June 1981 Baghdad emphasized production of highly enriched uranium Waring the 19805 Iraq researched several dif- ferent uranium enrichment techniques such as electro- magnetic isotope separation gaseous diffusion and gas centrifuge After setbacks in the gaseous diffusion program Iraq emphasized electromagnetic isotOpe separation and gas centrifuge methods and had estab- lished the facilities for these types of enrichmentl usc 403 use 403-1 4 USC 403-1 1 usc 403-10 0 J 1 Saad Center Wc vity has increased substantially at this facility since July 2001 Numerous deliveries of uni- denti ed materials are continuing This maten'al has use 403 usc 403-1 -4 usc 403-1 usc 403-10 M b 3 150 usc 403-10 lam be l piaced in several distinct groups covered with nets Medias Vehicular activity including trucks and buses hamreased markedly The organiza- tional importance of the Saad Center leads to the judgment that the activity may support the nuclear prom use 403 usc 5 remorse 'usc 403-10 Inseam I - usc 403-10 I 403 USC 403-1 I Figure 4 mvalmm is a 1 011 an form of uranium ore use 403 use 403- Uranium Acquisition use 403 usc 403-1 0 1 4 -4 Dumbo um 0 5-1 0 la' - usc 40310 I Facilities for Uranium Milling and Processing Iraq succeeds in purchasing uranium ore yellowoake or hydro uoric acid it still USC 403 USC 403-1 4 usc 403-10 7 I I '5 I use 4031 I use 403 use will need facilities to process the material for eventual use in a manium emichment plant DIA has not been able to identify any active milling puri cation or enrichment plants in Iraq As it did before Operation DESERT STORM Iraq may already have selected facilities in anticipation of acquiring these parts for its nuclear fuel cycle USC 403-16 mums usc 403-100 Al-Hashidiyah facility was intended to house a gas cen- tri ige cascade During late 2000 four foundations were begun in the easternmost portion of the complex and by August 2001 the buildings appeared externally complete Also a wall was constructed to separate this portion from the rest of the site As of late January 2002 activity continued at the laboratory building use 403 usc 13 I use 403-1 ream