Privacy Impact Assessment for the Enhanced Cybersecurity Services ECS DHS NPPD PIA-028 January 16 2013 Contact Point Brendan Goode Director Network Security Deployment Office of Cybersecurity and Communications National Protection and Programs Directorate 703 235-2853 Reviewing Official Jonathan R Cantor Acting Chief Privacy Officer Department of Homeland Security 202 343-1717 Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 1 Abstract The Enhanced Cybersecurity Services ECS is a voluntary program based on the sharing of indicators of malicious cyber activity between Department of Homeland Security DHS and participating Commercial Service Providers The purpose of the program is to assist the owners and operators of critical infrastructure to enhance the protection of their systems from unauthorized access exploitation or data exfiltration through a voluntary information sharing program ECS consists of the operational processes and security oversight required to share unclassified and classified cyber threat indicators with companies that provide internet network and communication services to enable those companies to enhance their services to protect U S Critical Infrastructure entities ECS is intended to support U S Critical Infrastructure however pending deployment of EINSTEIN intrusion prevention capabilities ECS may also be used to provide equivalent protection to participating Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies The National Protection and Programs Directorate NPPD is conducting this Privacy Impact Assessment PIA because personally identifiable information PII may be collected This PIA consolidates and serves as a replacement to the DHS NPPD PIA-021 National Cyber Security Division Joint Cybersecurity Services Pilot PIA published on January 13 2012 and the DHS NPPD PIA-021 a National Cyber Security Division Joint Cybersecurity Services Program JCSP Defense Industrial Base DIB - Enhanced Cybersecurity Services DECS PIA Update published on July 18 2012 Overview ECS is the latest evolution of the government's efforts to enhance the cybersecurity of critical infrastructure and other private sector networks Under the Joint Cybersecurity Services Pilot Pilot DHS through its Office of Cybersecurity Communications CS C partnered with the U S Department of Defense DoD to share cyber threat 1 indicators 2 and other information about known or suspected cyber threats with Commercial Service Providers CSP 3 The Pilot began as a DHS DoD joint proof of concept that extended the existing operation of the 1 Cyber threats can be defined as any identified efforts directed toward accessing exfiltrating manipulating or impairing the integrity confidentiality security or availability of data an application or a federal system without lawful authority Information about cyber threats may be received from government public or private sources Categories of cyber threats may include for example phishing IP spoofing botnets denials of service distributed denials of service man-in-the-middle attacks or the insertion of other types of malware 2 An indicator can be defined as human-readable cyber data used to identify some form of malicious cyber activity and are data related to IP addresses domains email headers files and strings Indicators can be either unclassified or classified Classification of identified indicators is dictated by its source 3 The term Commercial Service Provider CSP refers to a public or private company that transports information electronically in the wireline wireless Internet cable satellite and managed services businesses Any managed security service provider meeting the eligibility requirements may become a CSP Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 2 DoD DIB Exploratory Cybersecurity Initiative DIB Opt-in Pilot 4 and shifted the operational relationship with the CSPs in the DIB Opt-in Pilot to DHS The purpose of the Pilot was to enhance the cybersecurity of participating DIB critical infrastructure entities and to protect them from unauthorized access exfiltration and exploitation The Pilot was commissioned for 180 days and during that time met its goal to effectively share cyber threat information with CSPs for the purposes of protecting participating DIB companies In May 2012 the U S Government established the Pilot as an ongoing voluntary program originally known as the Joint Cybersecurity Services Program JCSP and now as the Enhanced Cybersecurity Services ECS program The first phase of ECS focused on the cyber protection of the DIB companies participating in the DOD's Cyber Security Information Assurance Program DHS is now expanding the ECS to include cybersecurity services for all U S Critical Infrastructure CI sectors See Appendix 1 for a list of Critical Infrastructure Sectors ECS will extend enhanced cybersecurity protection to all of the U S CI sectors through the sharing of indicators of malicious cyber activity with CSPs ECS enables private sector CSPs to provide enhanced protection to CI companies that choose to participate in the program protecting them from unauthorized access exploitation data loss and manipulation and exfiltration by threat actors ECS is intended to augment not replace existing security services operated by or available to CI companies and does not involve government monitoring of any private networks or communications Pending deployment of EINSTEIN 5 intrusion prevention capabilities ECS cyber protection capabilities will continue to be available to interested Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies Generally ECS will use the same cyber protection capabilities for Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies as it will for CI sectors Any differences in how the Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies will be implemented will be described in this PIA CS C As part of its mission to promote the protection of cyber infrastructure CS C analyzes information that is specific to identifying known or suspected cyber threats from a number of sources in the form of indicators e g Internet Protocol IP addresses domains e-mail headers files and strings These indicators can be used to create intrusion detection signatures 6 or other means of detecting and mitigating cyber threats Sources for the collection 4 For the PIA that covers the DOD DIB Opt-in Pilot see the DoD DIB Cyber Security Information Assurance Activities PIA at http dodcio defense gov Portals 0 Documents DIB%20CSIA%20PIA_FINAL_signed_30jun2011_VMSS_GGMR_RC pdf 5 Privacy Impact Assessments for DHS cybersecurity programs including EINSTEIN can be found at http www dhs gov files publications editorial_0514 shtm#4 6 Signatures are specific machine readable patterns of network traffic that affect the integrity confidentiality or availability of computer networks systems and information For example a specific signature might identify a Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 3 of these indicators include cybersecurity analysis activities conducted by DHS domestic and international private sector organizations and international federal or state agencies with a vested interest in promoting cybersecurity Indicators about known or suspected cyber threats may also be collected from information gathered by the EINSTEIN sensors placed on Federal civilian Executive Branch agency network collection points 7 A cyber indicator indicator can be defined as human-readable cyber data used to identify some form of malicious cyber activity and are data related to 1 2 3 4 5 IP addresses Domains E-mail headers Files and Strings Each characteristic of an indicator contains specific features for instance o o o o IP and Domain Indicators can contain Uniform Resource Identifiers 8 URI and can typically be found in WHOIS 9 publicly available information E-mail Indicators can contain message attributes such as the sent date subject links attachments sender's name and sender's e-mail address File Indicators can contain information on malicious software malware that is designed specifically to damage or disrupt a computer system such as the file's size and String Indicators consist of persistent and unique identifiers specific to malicious activity such as characters numbers or symbols used to represent a word or phrase Indicators may contain any of the above at varying levels of detail regarding a cyber threat and one indicator can have a relationship with another indicator For example an e-mail may contain an attachment and that attachment may contain malware These indicators whether separately or grouped together are referred to and submitted as indicator reports Indicator known computer virus that is designed to delete files from a computer without authorization 7 These sensors capture flow records that identify the Internet Protocol IP address and domain hostname information of the computer that connects to the federal system the port the source uses to communicate the time the communication occurred the federal destination IP address the protocol used to communicate and the destination port 8 URI is the generic term for all types of names and addresses that refer to objects on the World Wide Web A Uniform Resource Locator URL is one kind of URI 9 WHOIS is a Transmission Control Protocol TCP -based transaction-oriented query response protocol that is widely used to provide information services to Internet users While originally used to provide white pages services and information about registered domain names current deployments cover a much broader range of information services The protocol delivers its content in a human-readable format Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 4 reports can be produced with any combination of indicators and can have either a single indicator or multiple types of indicators and multiple entries for each type therein For example a certain indicator report may contain one email one file and one domain other indicator reports may contain four files or two domains and three IP addresses Indicators and indicator reports are created and validated by CS C cybersecurity analysts based on indicators of known or suspected cyber threats that are identified and validated by CS C private sector organizations and other partner government agencies Indicators relate to known or suspected cyber threats and may contain information that could be considered PII such as e-mail addresses domain names or IP addresses CS C uses the phrase information that could be considered PII because certain indicators of a cyber threat can be the same type of information individuals use to identify themselves in online communications such as an email address or an IP address and domain information In the context of ECS these types of information are not used to identify an individual instead they are used as a reference point for particular known or suspected cyber threats For example if the author of a cyber threat chose to use a fraudulent spoofed email address in the from field in a phishing email threat 10 an indicator may be developed in response to that cyber threat that would include the spoofed email address A similar situation could occur when a threat actor uses a particular IP address or domain as a destination for malicious data exfiltration or as part of a command and control function In both of these examples ECS is not using the email address or IP address as PII that is not as a way to identify a particular individual associated with that email address or even as general information about any specific person it is simply an indicator of a potential cyber threat CS C is only using this information to better identify a known or suspected cyber threat against computer networks CS C may establish indicators with information that could be considered PII but only if the information has proved to be analytically relevant to understanding the known or suspected cyber threat In these situations when an indicator contains information that could be considered PII CS C will follow defined Standard Operating Procedures SOP and cybersecurity information handling guidelines Specifically CS C will review data and information received to determine whether the information contains PII incidentally present during the investigation research and creation of CS C reports or other products This type of information would only be shared after its reviewed and determined to be an indicator of a known or suspected cyber threat If PII is discovered and is determined not to be directly relevant to the cyber threat being analyzed the information will be handled in accordance with the appropriate SOP CS C follows SOPs in 10 The Melissa virus http www cert org advisories CA-1999-04 html propagates in the form of an email message containing malicious code as an attachment Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 5 which the analyst will overwrite redact or replace PII data that is not necessary to understand the analysis or product Indicator Sharing Under ECS ECS establishes a construct for CS C to share unclassified and classified indicators of malicious cyber activity with CSPs on behalf of an ECS participant 11 CS C identifies those indicators that are critical for protecting CI and shares that information with participating CSPs through secure communication channels The CSPs configure the indicators into signatures which are machine-readable software code that enable automated detection of the known or suspected cyber threats associated with the indicators 12 The relationship between CSPs and DHS will be governed through the ECS Memorandum of Agreement MOA and the relationship between CSPs and participating entities will be governed through commercial agreements CS C is not a party to those agreements When CSPs implement a signature on behalf of an ECS participant and that signature triggers an alert the CSP notifies the participating entity in accordance with its commercial agreement and any applicable security requirements The CSP may with the permission of the participating entity also provide limited anonymized and aggregated cybersecurity metrics information to CS C sufficient to understand the performance of the ECS program including the effectiveness of an indicator in preventing an associated known or suspected cyber threat The information provided is limited to the timestamp of the occurrence the indicator involved and the identification of the CI sector in which the affected entity is a member Information such as the company name or other identifiable information associated with a specific incident will not be shared When a CSP implements a signature on behalf of a Federal civilian Executive Branch agency participating in ECS and that signature triggers an alert the CSP shares the same summary information with CS C as it would for a CI company CS C will share information it receives regarding cyber threats under ECS consistent with its existing policies and procedures including to other U S government entities with cybersecurity responsibilities CS C maintains ECS-related data and information in the National Cybersecurity Protection System NCPS Mission Operating Environment MOE a CS C protected system 11 ECS participants include CI companies and any potential participating Federal civilian Executive Branch departments and agencies that choose to participate in the program through a CSP to protect them from unauthorized access exploitation data loss and manipulation and exfiltration by threat actors 12 Additional information about indicators and signatures is addressed in the National Cybersecurity Protection System NCPS PIA published on July 30 2012 and can be found at http www dhs gov sites default files publications privacy privacy-pia-nppd-ncps pdf Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 6 on a protected network accessible to only authorized CS C personnel with a need to know CSPs maintain government provided indicators of malicious cyber activity in accordance with requirements defined in the ECS MOA If CSPs choose to terminate the ECS MOA they must return or dispose of indicators in accordance with the ECS MOA In addition to the information described above CSPs may also voluntarily provide CS C with lessons learned or other general feedback about ECS technical or operational issues and solutions Initial Implementation of ECS ECS will initially involve the implementation of two cyber threat countermeasures 1 DNS Sinkholing and 2 Email Filtering 13 The DNS Sinkhole capability allows CSPs to prevent malware installed on CI company networks from communicating with known or suspected malicious Internet domains by redirecting the network connection away from the malicious domain to safe servers or sinkhole servers thus preventing further malicious activity by the installed malware The CSP has access to the sinkhole information However it should be noted that the information related to the attempted connection that can be gathered by the service provider is limited to information related to the DNS request rather than the contents of the intended malicious communication The Email Filtering capability allows the CSPs to scan and potentially quarantine email destined for CI companies networks for malicious attachments Uniform Resource Locators URL and other forms of malware before being delivered to CI company end-users Section 1 0 Authorities and Other Requirements 1 1 What specific legal authorities and or agreements permit and define the collection of information by the project in question ECS is being conducted pursuant to authority derived from the Homeland Security Act including 6 U S C 121 d 133 g 143 Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 12 16 Critical Infrastructure Identification Prioritization and Protection and Homeland Security Presidential Directive 23 National Security Presidential Directive 54 Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative 23 24 13 Based on the effectiveness of the program and the evolution of the threat DHS may add additional countermeasures to ECS but the potential collection and use of PII will remain unchanged Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 7 The relationship between CSPs and DHS will be governed through the ECS MOA and the relationship between CSPs and participating entities will be governed through commercial agreements CS C is not a party to those agreements 1 2 What Privacy Act System of Records Notice s SORN s apply to the information With regard to indicators or other information related to a known or suspected cyber threat CS C does not maintain that information in a system of record As defined by the Privacy Act a system of records is a group of any records under the control of any agency from which information is maintained and retrieved by a personal identifier Only when there is actual retrieval of a record by a personal identifier does the Privacy Act require a SORN CS C does not retrieve this information by personal identifier thus a SORN is not required for ECS CS C collects general contact information from representatives of the CSPs and federal agencies participating in the ECS This collection of personal information is covered by the DHS systems of records titled DHS All- 002 Department of Homeland Security DHS Mailing and Other Lists System November 25 2008 73 FR 71659 1 3 Has a system security plan been completed for the information system s supporting the project ECS information will be stored in the NCPS MOE which is a protected system designated to perform threat analysis and other functions Within ECS CS C will share indicators of known or suspected cyber threats from the MOE with CSPs The MOE received recertification and accreditation on July 28 2010 and is covered by the system security plan The re-certification is valid for three years The ECS program is purely voluntary However as a condition of participation DHS will provide CSPs with security-related requirements to protect ECS program equities sources and methods Within ECS the term Security Requirements refers to those requirements provided to CSPs necessary to protect unclassified and classified indicators of malicious cyber activity from unauthorized disclosure 1 4 Does a records retention schedule approved by the National Archives and Records Administration NARA exist CS C is currently working with the NPPD Records Manager to develop a disposition schedule that will cover all NCPS information to include ECS Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 8 1 5 If the information is covered by the Paperwork Reduction Act PRA provide the OMB Control number and the agency number for the collection If there are multiple forms include a list in an appendix Information is not being collected or solicited directly from the public therefore the Paperwork Reduction Act is not applicable in this situation While information is being collected it is not done so through the solicitation of the same questions from 10 or more persons and in a manner that is consistent with PRA requirements Section 2 0 Characterization of the Information 2 1 Identify the information the project collects uses disseminates or maintains ECS is voluntary and is based on the sharing of U S Government provided indicators of malicious cyber activity with CSPs CS C provides indicators to CSPs for the purpose of enhancing the protection of ECS participants The CSPs at the request of ECS participants in turn use such indicators to look for known or suspected cyber threats transiting to and from ECS participant network traffic As part of the program the CSPs may share summary information with CS C about the fact that known or suspected cyber threats were detected This fact of occurrence reporting will not contain information that could be considered PII The following information that could be considered PII may be part of E-mail indicators shared through the ECS attributes such as the sender's name sender's e-mail address and information from and associated with email messages as well as other information that could be contained in the message header to from free-flow text fields or subject line from individuals using federal websites or ECS participants' networks and systems CS C will review all information it receives for the ECS and only retain information that could be considered PII if that information is analytically relevant to understanding the cyber threat In these situations when an indicator contains information that could be considered PII CS C will follow defined Standard Operating Procedures SOP and cybersecurity information handling guidelines Specifically CS C will review information received to determine whether that information contains PII incidentally present during the investigation research and creation of CS C reports or other products This type of information would only be shared after review and determined to be an indicator of a known or suspected cyber threat If PII is discovered and is determined not to be directly relevant to the cyber threat being analyzed the information will be handled in Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 9 accordance with the appropriate SOPs which includes the overwrite redaction or replacement of PII that is not necessary to understand the analysis or product As part of ECS CS C collects general contact information from representatives of the CSPs and federal agencies participating in the ECS to include employee name business address business telephone number and business email address This contact information is used by CS C as part of daily operations for the program 2 2 What are the sources of the information and how is the information collected for the project Indicators and other cyber threat related information are received by CS C from a number of sources 14 including the following cybersecurity analysis activities conducted by DHS domestic and international private sector organizations and international federal or state agencies with a vested interest in promoting cybersecurity Indicators about known or suspected cyber threats may also be collected from information gathered by the EINSTEIN sensors placed on Federal civilian Executive Branch agency network collection 2 3 Does the project use information from commercial sources or publicly available data If so explain why and how this information is used CS C analysts do not use commercial sources for the purpose of identifying individuals CS C analysts do use information from a range of sources including commercial sources and publicly available data for the analysis of cybersecurity threats i e anything that could be found through open source Internet searches newspaper articles etc As an example indicator information obtained from WHOIS data provides analysts with the ability to enhance existing analysis records by correlating information contained in a WHOIS record with specific indicators and threats and identify commonalities and patterns among multiple threats 2 4 Discuss how accuracy of the data is ensured All indicators are vetted through trusted and validated sources using unclassified references for indicators whenever possible The indicators are tested for false positive and false 14 As noted in the NCPS PIA the exchange of information on cybersecurity occurs between DHS department and agencies intelligence agencies state local tribal governments private organizations foreign Computer Security Incident Response Teams CSIRT and the public This sharing is done in accordance with MOAs or other types of information sharing agreements as applicable Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 10 negative results in a test environment before they are provided to the CSPs Additional testing is then performed in the production environment to validate expected results 2 5 Privacy Impact Analysis Related to Characterization of the Information Privacy Risk There is a risk that information that could be considered PII is included in an indicator when that information does not add any value to the prevention of a known or suspected cyber threat Mitigation CS C only collects information that is necessary to accomplish its mission cyber threat i e indicator information as described in the Overview may include information that could be considered PII CS C analysts attempt to confirm the integrity of the data received Only information determined to be directly relevant and necessary to accomplish the specific purposes of the program will be retained otherwise the data is deleted CS C will conduct periodic reviews on cyber indicators to ensure all standards and responsibilities are met and that the indicator is still operationally relevant Privacy Risk There is a risk that the indicator does not meet the CS C standards of quality or applicability and is shared to the detriment of individuals who communicate electronically with the users' organizations or agency Mitigation CS C has established a process by which only trained and authorized users have access to the indicators Users must abide by specific rules of behaviors and responsibilities with regard to access and to the quality of the data in NCPS systems CS C analysts conduct analysis on all cyber threats received If a threat submitted contains information that could be considered PII the analyst must determine if that information is directly related or analytically relevant to the cyber threat Any information that is not directly relevant to the cyber threat is deleted in accordance with CS C information handling guidelines and SOPs Section 3 0 Uses of the Information 3 1 Describe how and why the project uses the information CS C provides cybersecurity indicators to CSPs for the purpose of enhancing the network protection of ECS participants The CSPs at the request of ECS participants in turn use such indicators to look for known or suspected cyber threats transiting to and from ECS participant network traffic As part of the program the CSPs may share summary information Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 11 with CS C about the fact that known or suspected cyber threats were detected This fact of occurrence reporting will not contain information that could be considered PII 3 2 Does the project use technology to conduct electronic searches queries or analyses in an electronic database to discover or locate a predictive pattern or an anomaly If so state how DHS plans to use such results No ECS does not use technology to conduct electronic searches queries or analyses in an electronic database to discover or locate a predictive pattern or an anomaly 3 3 Are there other components responsibilities within the system with assigned roles and There are no other components with assigned roles and responsibilities within the ECS 3 4 Privacy Impact Analysis Related to the Uses of Information Privacy Risk There is a privacy risk that PII inadvertently obtained will not be properly protected and will be disseminated to other entities with a potential to lead to unauthorized use of the PII Mitigation CS C will not receive PII from the CSPs Aspects of the ECS are governed by information sharing agreements with CSPs internal CS C SOPs existing NPPD PIAs for the NCPS EINSTEIN and this PIA which cover the use of government furnished information including indicators collected or maintained ECS participants maintain contractual relationships established between those entities and their respective CSPs CS C is not a party to these agreements CS C analysts supporting the ECS are trained on both DHS and CS C specific privacy protection procedures Analysts administrators and information assurance personnel receive training upon hire and are required to take refresher training each year on Security Education and Awareness Training SEAT In addition CS C maintains SOPs and information handling guidelines which describe necessary procedures define the terms and outline roles and responsibilities for handling PII In addition access to NCPS systems is restricted to authorized government and contractor staff with demonstrated need for access and such access must be approved by the supervisor as well as the CS C Information System Security Manager ISSM Security Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 12 Manager Users must sign Rules of Behavior which identify the need to protect PII prior to gaining access NCPS users' actions are logged and they are aware of that condition Failure to abide by the Rules of Behavior may result in disciplinary measures and potential termination of employment Section 4 0 Notice 4 1 How does the project provide individuals notice prior to the collection of information If notice is not provided explain why not This PIA serves as general notice of ECS All DHS cybersecurity PIAs as well as other information on federal government cybersecurity programs and protections are available on the DHS Privacy Office cybersecurity webpage at www dhs gov privacy All authorized users of the participating CI company's network will be under written notice through an electronic login banner or otherwise that information and data on the network may be monitored or disclosed to third parties and or that the network users' communications on the network are not private With respect to any Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies participating in ECS the participating Federal civilian Executive Branch agency's website privacy policy provides notice that the agency uses computer security programs to monitor network traffic Government users inside the agency network receive notice by their agency's use of logon banners and user agreements notifying agency personnel that their communications or data transiting are stored on the agency network and that network traffic is subject to monitoring and disclosure for network security and other lawful government purposes 4 2 What opportunities are available for individuals to consent to uses decline to provide information or opt out of the project All authorized users of the CI participant's network will be under written notice through an electronic login banner or otherwise that information and data on the network may be monitored or disclosed to third parties and or that the network users' communications on the network are not private Users have the opportunity to read these notices and can then decide if they wish to use the system or not and decide what information they want to transmit Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 13 With respect to any Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies participating in ECS all authorized users logging into their participating agency's IT systems are presented with an electronic notice or banner that notifies them that government computer systems are monitored Notice to the public is provided on a participating Federal civilian Executive Branch agency's public facing website privacy policy The participating Federal civilian Executive Branch agency website privacy policy states that the agency uses computer security programs to monitor network traffic Once an individual decides to communicate with a participating agency electronically the network traffic will be subject to computer security efforts of CS C including in this case ECS in addition to any individual computer security programs the agency might have in place 4 3 Privacy Impact Analysis Related to Notice Privacy Risk There is a privacy risk that an individual may not be aware of the information collection occurring under ECS Mitigation All authorized users of the CI participant's network will be under written notice through an electronic login banner or otherwise that information and data on the network may be monitored or disclosed to third parties and or that the network users' communications on the network are not private Users have the opportunity to read these notices and can then decide if they wish to use the system or not and decide what information they want to transmit With respect to any federal civilian Executive Branch agencies participating in ECS the participating federal civilian Executive Branch agency's website privacy policy states that the agency uses computer security programs to monitor network traffic Government users inside the agency networks receive notice by the agency's use of logon banners and user agreements notifying agency personnel that their communications or data transmissions are stored on their agency's network and that network traffic is subject to monitoring and disclosure for network security and other lawful government purposes Individuals may also access the existing publicly available DHS Cybersecurity PIAs or visit the DHS Privacy website that also provides resources that explain the DHS cybersecurity mission and programs See www dhs gov privacy Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 14 Section 5 0 Data Retention by the project 5 1 Explain how long and for what reason the information is retained CS C is currently working with the NPPD Records Manager to develop disposition schedules that will cover data collected and maintained under the NCPS to include the ECS Once completed the schedule will be sent to NARA for approval 5 2 Privacy Impact Analysis Related to Retention Privacy Risk There is a risk that information that could be considered PII may be retained beyond what is necessary to appropriately analyze or address a cyber threat or investigation Mitigation CS C is currently working to determine the appropriate length of time for cyber indicators and related information including information that could be considered PII identified as related to a known or suspected cyber threat to be retained and stored CS C cybersecurity analysts are required to review cyber indicators and related information collected to determine whether information that could be considered PII exists and whether it analytically relevant to a cybersecurity threat CS C guidelines and SOPs provide the procedures for this review Section 6 0 Information Sharing 6 1 Is information shared outside of DHS as part of the normal agency operations If so identify the organization s and how the information is accessed and how it is to be used Under ECS CS C shares indicators with CSPs for the purpose of enhancing the network protection of ECS participants The sharing of information between the parties is accomplished through secure communication Only those individuals that maintain appropriate security clearances and have completed the appropriate training will be granted access to the information CS C also shares cybersecurity metrics information with U S Government entities with cybersecurity responsibilities for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the ECS program Contact information from representatives of the participating CSPs and Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies will not be shared outside of normal agency or ECS operations Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 15 6 2 Describe how the external sharing noted in 6 1 is compatible with the SORN noted in 1 2 Collection of contact information for CSPs described in 6 1 is covered by the DHS systems of records titled DHS ALL-002 Department of Homeland Security DHS Mailing and Other Lists System November 25 2008 73 FR 71659 CS C will share this data in a manner that is compatible with the purpose of the aforementioned systems of records notice 6 3 Does the project place limitations on re-dissemination CS C only shares cybersecurity metrics information with U S Government entities with cybersecurity responsibilities for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the ECS program Metrics will focus on the following areas o Performance related to the performance of indicators and information sharing o Participation related to interest and participation among CSPs and CI to understand the interest and participation in ECS over time o Value related to the value or quality of the information shared from both the Government and Privacy Sector perspectives 6 4 Describe how the project maintains a record of any disclosures outside of the Department CS C only shares cybersecurity metrics information with U S Government entities with cybersecurity responsibilities for the purpose of evaluating the performance of the ECS program As part of its overall cybersecurity operations mission CS C provides cyber-related information to the public federal departments and agencies state local tribal and international entities through a variety of products many of which are available on the US-CERT gov website Informational reports disseminated through the US-CERT gov public website do not contain PII Each report is numbered and catalogued and references exist in all products including those associated with indicators shared through the ECS to tie back to a single incident or series of incidents which precipitated the product itself In the event that PII must be released it is released in accordance with the appropriate SOPs and with the authorization and or written approval of CS C leadership and in compliance with the Privacy Act 15 15 Approval is not required when information about a specific person is believed to be fictitious when the information is publicly available or when the release of such information is being coordinated with the person about whom it is associated Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 16 6 5 Privacy Impact Analysis Related to Information Sharing Privacy Risk There is a privacy risk that CS C may share indicators with CSPs that contain PII that is not associated with a known or suspected cyber threat Mitigation Unauthorized disclosure is mitigated through various means including CS C SOPs and information handling guidelines CS C SOPs provide procedures for removing unnecessary PII securing or encrypting PII and marking and handling of PII data collected Section 7 0 Redress 7 1 What are the procedures that allow individuals to access their information CS C only maintains contact information for CSPs in a Privacy Act system of records For individuals seeking access to such records or seeking to amend the accuracy of its content may submit a Freedom of Information Act FOIA or a Privacy Act PA request to the DHS NPPD FOIA Officer at 245 Murray Lane SW Washington D C 20528-0380 Individuals may obtain directions on how to submit a FOIA PA request at http www dhs gov xfoia editorial_0316 shtm The release of information not covered by the Contact List System of Records Notice under the Privacy Act may be subject to FOIA Exceptions Given the nature of some information in the CS C systems CS C may not always be able to give access to information maintained by CS C 7 2 What procedures are in place to allow the subject individual to correct inaccurate or erroneous information CS C collects general contact information from representatives of the CSPs and Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies participating in the ECS CSPs and Federal civilian Executive Branch agencies participating in ECS seeking to correct contact information collected by CS C may contact CS C directly or submit a written request to DHS NPPD FOIA Officer at 245 Murray Lane SW Washington D C 20528-0380 to have their inaccurate or erroneous PII corrected See additional information in Section 7 1 Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 17 There are no separate procedures for individual correction of indicators since the information is generated from exact copies of computer network traffic 7 3 How does the project notify individuals about the procedures for correcting their information As part of normal CS C operations CS C provides notice about procedures for correcting PII to those individuals that submit general contact information as representatives of the ECS program or regarding a suspected or known cyber threat through the applicable SORN this PIA and related NPPD PIAs An individual can submit a written request to DHS NPPD FOIA Officer at 245 Murray Lane SW Washington D C 20528-0380 to have their inaccurate or erroneous PII corrected See additional information in Section 7 1 7 4 Privacy Impact Analysis Related to Redress There are no redress procedures beyond those described above and afforded under the Privacy Act and FOIA Section 8 0 Auditing and Accountability 8 1 How does the project ensure that the information is used in accordance with stated practices in this PIA Quarterly internal reviews are carried out by the CS C Oversight and Compliance Officer along with the NPPD Senior Privacy Analyst to evaluate and assess compliance with the information handling procedures as outlined in the CS C SOPs Additionally specific information handling SOPs to ensure awareness accountability and compliance of what information should and should not be shared are circulated annually to the CS C analysts 8 2 Describe what privacy training is provided to users either generally or specifically relevant to the project Access to DHS systems is restricted to individuals with demonstrated need for access and such access must be approved by the supervisor as well as the CS C ISSM Security Manager Users must sign Rules of Behavior which identify the need to protect PII prior to gaining access Access is only available via two factor authentication All users are trained to protect privacy information Their actions are logged and they are aware of that condition Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 18 Failure to abide by the Rules of Behavior may result in disciplinary measures and potential termination of employment All DHS employees and contractors are required to complete annual Privacy Awareness Training When each DHS employee completes the training it is recorded in the employee's file online NPPD employees and contractors are also required to complete annual Security Education and Awareness Training SEAT In addition CS C personnel who support or use the NCPS receive annual training on privacy legal civil rights and civil liberties and policy issues specifically related to CS C operations This training includes how to address privacy during the development of new signatures including minimization of PII how to generate a report that minimizes the privacy impact and how to report when a signature seems to be collecting more network traffic than is directly required to analyze the malicious activity 8 3 What procedures are in place to determine which users may access the information and how does the project determine who has access Users must obtain a favorable DHS suitability determination 16 prior to acquiring access to all DHS systems The NCPS provides the technical foundation for CS C activities including the ECS All users supporting ECS have a valid requirement to access the NCPS systems and only the type of access required to meet their professional responsibilities Access is based upon the role identified on the access form i e analyst user general user system admin network admin etc The access form must be completed by the government supervisor within the branch that the individual will be supporting The user's role is defined by the branch manager and validated by the CS C ISSM Security Manager Accounts are reviewed monthly by the CS C ISSO to ensure that accounts are maintained current In addition user account activity is logged and the logs reviewed each day In addition CS C maintains SOPs on privacy protection for the purpose of identifying sensitive information and for the proper handling and minimization of PII which outlines the necessary procedures and defines the terms for specifically identified roles and responsibilities These operating procedures are provided to all CS C operations staff during training and are circulated to CS C analysts so that they are aware of what information should and should not be shared with its information sharing partners 16 The suitability determination is a process that evaluates a federal or contractor employees' personal conduct throughout their careers Suitability refers to fitness for employment or continued employment referring to identifiable character traits and past conduct that is sufficient to determine whether or not an individual is likely to carry out the duties of the position with efficiency effectiveness and in the best interests of the agency Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 19 8 4 How does the project review and approve information sharing agreements MOUs new uses of the information new access to the system by organizations within DHS and outside The Memoranda of Agreements MOA developed between DHS and the CSPs are based on approved templates that have been fully coordinated through the program manager system owner Office of the General Counsel and NPPD Office of Privacy The relationship between CSPs and ECS participants will be governed through commercial agreements CS C is not a party to those agreements Responsible Officials Brendan Goode Director Network Security Deployment Office of Cybersecurity and Communications National Protection and Programs Directorate Department of Homeland Security Approval Signature Original signed and on file with the DHS Privacy Office ________________________________ Jonathan R Cantor Acting Chief Privacy Officer Department of Homeland Security Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 20 Appendix 1 - Enhanced Cybersecurity Services for Critical Infrastructure Critical infrastructure CI are the assets systems and networks whether physical or virtual so vital to the United States that their incapacitation or destruction would have a debilitating effect on physical and national economic security public health or safety or any combination thereof Attacks on CI could significantly disrupt the functioning of government and business alike and produce cascading effects far beyond the targeted sector and physical location of the incident Therefore protecting and ensuring the continuity of the CI of the United States especially from cyber threats are essential to the nation's security public health and safety economic vitality and way of life The Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 HSPD-7 established U S policy for enhancing CI protection by establishing a framework for the Department's partners to identify prioritize and protect the CI in their communities from terrorist attacks The directive identified 17 CI sectors and for each sector designated a federal Sector-Specific Agency SSA to lead protection and resilience-building programs and activities HSPD-7 allows for the Department of Homeland Security to identify gaps in existing CI sectors and establish new sectors to fill these gaps Under this authority the Department established an 18th sector the Critical Manufacturing Sector in March 2008 The eighteen CI sectors 17 are 17 Food and Agriculture Commercial Facilities Dams Energy Information Technology Postal and Shipping Banking and Finance Communications Defense Industrial Base Government Facilities National Monuments and Icons Transportation Systems Chemical Critical Manufacturing Emergency Services More information about the eighteen CI sectors the responsible Sector-Specific departments and agencies and dependencies between the sectors can be found at http www dhs gov critical-infrastructure-sectors Privacy Impact Assessment NPPD ECS Page 21 - Healthcare and Public Health Nuclear Reactors Materials and Waste Water                     National Security Archive    Suite 701  Gelman Library  The George Washington University    2130 H Street  NW  Washington  D C  20037    Phone  202 994‐7000  Fax  202 994‐7005  nsarchiv@gwu edu