D A aCeM I CC MPUT I T PIItIrTtFER DIGITAL __ I Ir17 j I1 7 p eslt per-Vew stlontlot of Vol 18 No 4 Wri - p mJocto OItrlbutloft Is lieItil to gov rIaset almnclea aer Leatraetors q• OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH con- contributor • MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES DIVISION Gordon D Goldstein Editor Margo A Sass Associate Editor I Laura A Repass Editorial Assi 0 -4 Barbara J Walker Editor iaal1 o-a tgtt October 19A6 CONTENTS EDITORIAL POLICY NOTICES 1 Editorial 2 Contributions 3 Circulation 1 1 1 '- - COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSORS NORTH AMERICA 1 University of Illinois Illiac IV Urbana Illinois COMPUTING CENTERS 1 State of California Department of Public Works Remote Computer Netwod-P' Sacramento California 2 California Institute of Technology Willis H Booth Computing Center Multiple IBM 360 Installation Pasadena Californa 91109 3 Cleveland Board of Education Data Processing Center Cleveland Ohio 4 Headquarters Navy Pacific Missile Range Navy Computer Systems Point Mugu California 93041 5 State University of New York at Buffalo IBM 300 67 Buffalo New York 14214 6 Purdue University IBM 360 67 for Purdue Lafayette Indiana 47907 7 Triangle Universities Computation Center Research Triangle North Carolina 8 U S Department of the Interior Nationwide Departmental Computing System Washington D C 9 University of Utah Univac 1108 Computer Salt Lake City Utah 84112 COMPUTERS AND CENTERS OVERSEAS 1 Air France Worldwide Reservation Network Paris France 2 Cambridge University Hybrid Cumputing System Cambridge England 3 Elliott-Automation Computers Ltd NCR Elliott 4100 Borehamwood Hefts England 4 G E C Computers Automation Ltd SDS Computer Manufacturing and Marketing Wembley Middlesex England International Computers and Tabulators Limited The Science Research Council LC T Atlas Computer Laboratory London SW15 England 6 University of Sydney Basser Computing Department Sydney Australia MISCELLANEOUS 1 Bureau of the Budget ADP Management Washington D C 20503 2 University of California Computer Aided Instruction Santa Barbara California 3 Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory Inc Ocean Training Space Surveillance System h Buffalo New York 14221 4 Cornell University Remote Computer Demonstration Ithaca New York 14850 5 Los Angeles Public Library Public Library Computer System Los Angeles Calif 90017 6 National Biomedical Research Foundation FIDAC - Film Input to Digital Automatic Computer Silver Spring Maryland 20901 7 National Bureau of Standards MAGIC - Graphic Display Washington D C 20234 8 Navy Electronics Laboratory OcenRiographic Data San Diego California 92152 9 New York State Department of Motur Vehicles Records Automation Albany New York 10 New York University Computer Use Efficiency Study New York New York 10003 11 Ohio State University New Graduate Program in Information Sciences Columbus Ohio 43210 12 Parsons College Shared Central Accounting System Fairfield Iowa 13 Tulane University Menu-Planning by Computer New Orleans Louisiana 70118 14 U S Department of the Interior Recreational Areas Inventory Washington D C Ruprdc•JL i by IlI CLE ARINGHOUSE for Fudur I Scientific 1i linical Inforniahion 5pringiuld V 22151 Approved by The Under Secretary of the Navy 2 4 4 5 5 6 7 9 11 11 13 14 15 17 18 19 2 21 21 22 23 24 26 29 32 34 35 36 37 38 43 NAVSO P-645 • 1 4 f '- Editorial Pokiey Notices EDITORIAL The Digital Computer Newsletter although a Department of the Navy publication is not restricted to the publication of Navy-originated material The Office of Naval Research welcomes contributions to the Newsletter from any source The Newsletter is subject to certain limitations in size which prevent publishing all the material received However items which are not printed are kept on file and are made available to interested personnel within the academic institutions and industry It is hoped that the readers will participate to an even greater extent than in the past in transmitting technical material and suggestions to the editor for future issues Material or specific issues must be received by the editor at least three months in advance R is often impossible for the editor because of limited time and personnel to acknowledge individually all material received Government CIRCULATION DCN is published quarterly January April July and October Material for specific issues must be received by the editor at least three months in advance The Newsletter is distributed without charge to interested military and government agencies to contractors for the Federal Government and to contributors of material for publication It is tr be noted that the publication of information pertaining to commercial products does not in any way imply Navy approval of those products nor does it mean that Navy vouches for the accuracy of the statements made by the various contributors The information contained herein is to be considered only as being representative of the state-ofthe-art and not as the sole product or technique available CONTRIBUTIONS The Office of Naval Research welcomes contributions to the Newsletter from any source Your contributions will provide assistance in improving the contents of the publication thereby making it an even better medium for the exchange of information between government laboratories For many years in addition to the ONR initial distribution the Newsletter was reprinted by the Association for Computing Machinery as a supplement to their Journal and more recently as a supplement to their Communications The Association decided that their Communications could better serve its members by concentrating on ACM editorial material Accordingly effective with the combined January-April 1961 issue the Newsletter became available only by direct distribution from the Office of Naval Research Requests to receive the Newsletter regularly should be submitted to the editor Contractors of the Federal Government should reference applicable contracts in their requests All communications pertaining to the Newsletter should be addressed to GORDOi4 D GOLDSTEIN Editor Digital Computer Newsletter Informations Systems Branch Office of Naval Research Washington D C 20360 I Computers and Data Processors North America ILIIAC IV lnimtltl I lM11 1 An electronic computer which may be up to 50 times faster than any otht r now contemplated is planned at the University of Illinois at Urbana The fastest computer now being built will be capable of 8 million computations a second achieved by linking a number of computers together and the foreseeable limit for machines of this type he said is probably 40 million computations a second Possibilities of the new computer are staggering The university's board of trustees has authorized execution of a contract for more than $8 million from the Department of Defense through the Air Force Rome Air Development Center at Griffiss Air Force Base N Y In weather forecasting for example accurate forecasts through use of computers Completion of negotiations involves approval of the univeristy Illinois State Board of Higher Education Rome Air Development Center and Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense are possible but with present computers a good 48-hour forecast requires 52 hours of cornputer time With flliac IV this time will be greatly reduced The project is planned as a joint effort between the University of Illinois and industry The machine has been labeled 'Illiac IV as fourth in the series of pioneering electronic computers designed and built at Illinois Similarly in defense radar is capable of providing more precise counter-missile data than now can be used Vitally important are the most accurate data and computations possible to intercept an approaching missile but the information must be available and usable before that missile arrives Prof John R Pasta head of the department of computer science in the university's Graduate College said that $6 million is budgeted for construction to be completed in 2-1 2 years and $1 million for operation in each of the following 2 years In bloelectronics the neuron network of the brain is under study To explore directly the complex electronic net of an actual brain is impossible to study this scientists want to reproduce the net or a part of it with an electronic computer None today is extensive enough llac IV will be Illiac IV will pioneer a new concept in special purpose computer organization developed by Prof Daniel L Slotnick who will be in charge of the project The machine is planned for upwards of 1 billion computations a second Radio astronomers sweeping the cosmos with their telescopes gather new and often strange information in vast quantities This is understandable and important only when analyzed through vast and complex mathematics for which Illiac IV will be capable To achieve this speed i1liac IV will have one control unit with a very large number of linked arithmetic and data storage units Slotnick said that initially several hundred units will be operated but this number can be increased virtually without limit The' National Center for Atmospheric Research Department of Defense and others will have men at the university during development and construction of fllac IV When the project is completed they will have the information and experience to build and use similar computers elsewhere He explained that present computer development has nearly reached limits set by cornplexity cost and the maximum speedwith which electricity can move Illiac IV will avoid these limitations through its organization described as large scale highly parallel Design of the computer will be a joint effort involving the university other potential users 2 I0 and industry Eight months have been assigned to this planning phase In the following 2 years Ililiac IV will be assembled and installed at the Processing Societies prize for an outstanding technical pa-per in this field industry Columbia College master's from Columbia University and doctorate in applied mathematice from Ncw Yor k Univcrsity Intitutc of Mathematical Sciences Finql phsse of the project application will involve the system in the broadest jossible range of uses-academic industrial and governmental -and with a visiting scientist program of ititernational scope Illiac IV will be used both directly and through the university's computing center which has many high-speed devices and is developing a system of remote consoles providing access to its facilities from various parts of the campus Slotnick who joined the University of Iilinois faculty in 1965 was in 1962 winner of the first American Federation of Information iS iI He was at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton during 1952-54 when Prof John von Neumann was doing the world's pioneering in electronic computers From 1957-60 he was with International Business Machines Corp and 1960-65 with Westinghouse Electric Corp flliac 1 built at Illinois in 1952 had 2 800 vacuum tubes It has been retired Illiac II completely transistorized began operation in 1962 Illiac III a pattern recognition computer of great speed is under construction i I Computing Centers Remote Computer Network htafeqf California 1plAwnttent of Public Worki Sacarnm to Califonhia Highway engineers throughout the State of California from San Diego to Eureka now have a direct line to a powerful new IBM computer here in Sacramento Mr J C In May state highway engineer Womack said the new computer an IBM System 360 is now operational and is processing both fiscal data and engineering computations It is to become the hub of a statewide system designed to meet all of the Division's data processing needs transmitted either by bus or mail The new network when it becomes fully operational by the end of 1966 should save much of the timf now spent in getting problems to and answers from the computer Some of the presently computerized engineering functions which will be transferred to the Division's new network are highway geometric or traverse computations computing quantities of steel or concrete needed for abutments and overcrossings estimating quantities of earthwork to be moved and statistical analyses of alternate freeway routings Mr Womack said that Division of Highway district offices located in 11 different cities are being linked by conventional telephone lines directly to the computer Each office will be equipped with a data transmission terminal to enable engineers and administrative people to communicate with the central computer he said The new computer will a3sist State officials in the many management decisions that are requtred in keeping pace with constantly changing highway requirements District offices scheduled to receive communications terminals are San Diego San Bernardino Los Angeles San Luis Obispo Fresno Bishop Marysville San Francisco Evixeka Redding and Stockton At present when a ci orict needs the assistance of a Sacramento computer in solving an engineering problem the data are normally Multiple IBM 360 Installation Willis H Booth Computing Center C'iforunia Institute of Trhnology Pasadena Califo-na 9f 09 The Willis U Booth Computing Center at the California Institute of Technology has started the installation of its second multiple computer information processing system to serve the InAtitute's needs in basic research and education The present IBM 7094 and Burroughs 220 plus a variety of remnote consoles and other devices is being replaced by three IBM 360 computers and other smaller data processors An IBM 360 50 now in operation will serve as the community monitor for this system and provides the principal mode of interaction with students in formal course work In this capacity it provides a conventional language system for a large number of remote typewriter consoles 4 I Inventory of all physical equipment in the schools also will be computer controlled The Cleveland Board of Education's computer complex will feature two devices The Cleveland Board of Education has ordered a new computer to help relieve the school system's 5 600 teachers of much of their burdensome paperwork and to moderize business operations according to Supt Paul W Briggs IBM 2260 display stations These desk top units resembling television consoles with attached typewriter keyhoard depict information retrieved from the computer on a screen From a terminal located in his office Supt Briggs will be able to ask the computer for special information and get a reply channeed directly to his office where answers will be displayed in written form The IBM System 360 Model 30 will be used to automate all record keeping and scheduling tasks and its installation later this ynar is considered to be a major step in the Board's modernization and administrative reorganization program Supt Briggs said When fully operational the new computer will centrally process payrolls appropriation accounting attendance registers report cards and student scheduling on the secondary level for 183 Cleveland schools In addition the system will maintain all student and teacher records e An IBM 2321 data cell storage unit which holds more than 400 million characters of information Any bit of information can be retrieved in less than a second Supt Briggs also announced that three data processing training centers have been established at Collinwood John Adams and West Technical High Schools One of the most important beneffis of the system will be its ability to maintain huge masses of information any part of which can be retrieved instantly Mr Briggs said This means we have an unprecedented tool for keeping track of students and their progress 'These facilities are designed to prepare students for technical careers in data processing he said Establishment of the new centers is part of the Board's long-range plan to update the entire vocational program and Lo gear it to critical job areas Other proposed application areas Include scheduling types of classes and facilities to obtain optimum use of available classroom space Navy Computer Systems tleadquat•lrt e hutMll N'uiy Paol fir A vie Range uig• i Calioi I I• V 7141 and individual aircraft Analog computers Pre best known for their ability to solve problems involving motion such as those encountered in missile and aircraft problems Vore than 300 of the government's 2 000 r digital computers are used by the Navy Twenty-one of them are used by Point Mugu commands Five new digital computers are on order here The digital computers operated by Point Mugu commands are located here at San Nicolas Island at Barking Sands Hawaii at Johnston Atoll in the Pacific and aboard a range ship The Navy at PoLt Mugu uses computers across the whole spectrum of their capabilities These uses include business technical data processing and scientific problem solving Mugu's latest is a brand new IBM 360 which the Navy Astronautics Group NAG uses here to keep tabs on the Navy's navigational satellites NAG also has an IBM 7094 and an IBM 1410 In addition to the 21 major digital computers here there are a dozen large general purpose analog computers and scores of specialized digital and analog computers in weapons systems 5 t d•t• The Pacific MiasInA Pana- ID 1 division has eight computers kit Point Mugu-two IBM 7094's an IBM 1460 an IEM 1401 three LrNIVAC USQ-20's and a UNTVAC 1218 Thcsc computers process data from tracking radars telemet-y receivers and other soilrces for range users They also solve scientific andengineering problems Another UNIVAC 1218 on San Nicolas Island works in conjunction with tracking radars there Thp Geophysics Division of PMR has a CDC 3100 which it uses for meteorological data processing The computer reduces upper air data from balloon and rocket-borne sensors and provides launcher settings and ballistic impact prediction for ARCAS meteorological rockets The CDC 3100 is tied in to a Navy network of weather computers through the navy's Numerical Weather Facility in Monterey Calif Management and business computers applications arehandledbyPMR's NCR315 Payroll inventory control security listings and maintenance control are some of the uses of the NCR 315 Three Bendix G15's at the Naval Missile Center are available for engineers and scientists working on Navy weapons systems there Aboard the PMR range ship USNS Wheeling an RCA 4102 processes data from electronic instrumentation equipment used in support of missile operations far out at sea A UNIVAC USQ-20 at Barking Sands Hawaii and two at Johnston Atoll in the Pacific handle data reduction for outlying missile launches and tracking operations Five additional computers have been placed on order for PMR They are two UNIVAC 1218's for the instrumentation site on Makaha Ridge N-awdli and 6an Nicolas Island and three USQ20's two at Barking Sands for use in conjunc- tion with the tactical underwater range there and one to replace the RCA-4102 aboard the USNS-Wheeling Future use of computers at Point Mugu is currently being studied by a committee appointed by Rear Admiral R N Sharp the range commander Heading the committee is John F Donlan deputy plans and resources management officer He is assisted by experts in all phases of computer operation and application Looking 5 years down the road Donlan says Owe can envision one integrated computer system for the entire base This is the obvious direction in which computer technology is leading us A typical system of the future might contain the main components in one building Peripheral consoles in areas such as geophysics comptroller andrange operations couldfeedininformnation or query the main system for needed data The system would speak one computer language A recent list of computer language codes contains 114 dialects which various makes of computers speak A quick look reveals such languages as FORTRAN II COBOL ALTRAN JOVIAL TRANSUSE and SLEUTH-which it may take to decode the rest of them 'Modern developments in electronics and in computer systems are bringing the single integrated computer system closer every day Donlan noted For the Navy which was first with radar first to experiment with nuclear energy and first to launch multiple satellites on a single booster the modern computer is a natural ally in the continuing assault on the technology of the future IBM 360 67 State Iniversity oJ New York tit P£ufso f'uffido New Y'ork 14214 Students and professors will have Odesk-side access to a powerful $3 million time-sharing computer when the State University of New York SUNY at Buffalo installs an I13M System 360 Model 67 near the projected $130 million Amherst campus in the summer of 1967 With this most modern facility they will be able to work out problems step by step miles away from the Amherst c ter I Here is how a university researcher whether student or teacher might use the time-sharing system for some time now and there will be adran %tic difference over our present computing setup when we start installing the terminals Faced with a problem that might take him hours or even days to solve with a slide rule or a desk calculator he decides instead to use the computer To do so all h has to do is go to his office or a room in his residence hall where a remote terminal which is connected to the computer itself is located Dr Ralstrn noted that the time-sharing nature of the new system refers to its ability not only to handle a variety of problems from remote terminals but also to process many jobs at the same time This is accomplished through special programs which enable the cornputer to switch from job to job at top speed There he types instructions that are relayed directly to the computer which might be several miles away Almost immediately the computer sends back a reply The IBM System 360 Model 67 is specifically designed for advancedtime-s'4arlng applications involving remote terminals SUNY at Buffalo initially will install 50 terminals Later on smaller computers such aL the IBM 1130 and 1800 will also be used to prepare computations and transmit them to the central processor If the reply Is sufficient the researcher has his answer and that's all there is to it If not the computer and the researcher can carry on a conversation in computer language via the typewriter terminal until tý'e necessary information is in the researcher's hands Often the computer can even tell him when he makes a mistake Because the current Computing Center space is not adequate for the Model 67 we expect to install the new system in space near the new Amherst campus in the summer of 1967 said Dr Ralston From there itwill be linked through ordinary telephone lines with terminals on the Main Street campus and wherever else they are needed Plans are underway which would even make the powerful computer resources available to State University of New York colleges and other schools throughout Western New York by means of a wider network of remote terminals The Mlodel 67 will give us roughly six to eight times more computing power than we now have Eventually 200 or more locations may be linked to be computer ro each user however it will appear that the computer is instantly available and working for him alone This will be true whether the system is used for classroom assignments or advanced research projects We are investigating the possibility of developing techniques in computer-assisted instruction With the greatly expanded enrollment we anticipate in 5 years this should be a real aid to teachers ' It is difficult to over- emphasize the advantages that the Model 67 will offer to students and faculty here said Dr Anthony Ralston Director of the Computing Center We've been looking forward to time-sharing capability The University will install a System 360 Model 40 next fall Several terminals will also be installed to provide training and experience before the Model 67 arrives IBM 360 67 for Purdue Purdue University Iaji' oette huana 47907 Purdue University Is in the process of solving a major problem confronting many large firms and institutions How can you economically provide a great number of persons with quick access to a large scale computer system concept called time sharing This is an operation in which a single computer system allocates 'slices of time measured in millionths of a second on a rotating basis to many users The answer as Purdue officials see It lies in the full utilization of a revolutionary computer These users working at remotely located terminals simultaneously may work many kinds of problems requiring many different 7 the fall of 1967 Additional equipment will be added later to create a dual systemm-in effect two computers which may opprArte together or independently im nvuped oi the macnilne's ý ptItc operation is so fast that individual users don't realize that many other persons may be on the computer at thc same tiknL-eacl1 feels as though he has the full power of a large scale system at his disposal Professor Felix Haas dean of the Purdue School of Science said the Model 67 will be the key element in the school's rapidly growing Computer Sciencos Center Order of this new data processing system he commented eroeaffirim Purduo's commiitinent to make available enniigi comiputinK power to mneet the demands of a growing number uf s tudezits and faculty L J Freehafer Purdue vice presidernt and treasurer said the university has placed an order with International B usiness Machines Corporation fur Its new time sharing computer System 360 Model 67 Also ordered were a number of IBM 2260 television-like communications terminals for location at Btrategic places throughout the campus -wiIBM 2250 graphic display which permits display of in- formation in the form of sketches drawings diagrams and graphs and several IBM 1978S rcad-print stations The current I13M 7094 1401l computer systern is scheoduled for operatiun 2i4 hourti every day often procesbing up to 1 400 prolnhhms in that time spaia Dean Haas said When Wes Model 67 Is put into oiwration we will have the power to speed problei'i turnaround on current atirllcatiors a nd 8till have considerable allowance for expanslon 0 Purdue is one of tho few major uriversities In the world offering degrees throtigh the doctorate level in computer sciences Freehater said This new system %Yhlch inccer porates the most advanced concelpts in cornputer technology will enable Purdue to mair ýain its pre-eminence in the flcld Prw ýessor kamuill D Conto director of Purduc-s Coinputfor SecincesA Center and head of Its Computer Sciencri Departmewnt sakid his burgeonuig uue of central data proceesing tacitItiew has Lreatted two major problems Itirst there is a smnall bit fixed amount of timeo requirod to begin computation of any problem 'For I eiall problums tius ovorhiead may exceed the time for tho solutior 01 the problem itself Thiis restriction becomes serious when hundreds or even tthousiands of lobs murit be procossed cach day Impressive statistien point iip Purdue's requirements for increased compu ting power More than 100 different clafnses in all nine major areas of Pipeciaiization have asaignments that require vomputer proccouing Thiis means that in any given serneieter Wjleast 5 000 students will need time on a macbInts Secondlty the di verse rantge as well as the largie number of users p laces dcmands in a systemn which canno t be met by computers at a single geographic ocation On the other hand proliferation of smatller mnachities throughout the Ampus Would lie expensive mid wouldtiproad resources too thinly Approximately half of Purdu i'r filv'- c rpus total of 27 793 students talti computer courses before graduation It is wadinated thait by 19'70 about 4 4'0 studettts wili be taking computer 'rourses every eernister o At tviy given time there are about 000 atudentN and 500 faculty members doing re'search who need the computer gor problemn processing The time sharing concept usinr terminals placed at strategic locotionu in WIl schools ia suited to solving both of these problems Conte said d egeographical problem with all WiL implications becomes nonexistent becaulge umers at terminalii can operate just as though Lhey were at the control console of the computer Tihe vast number of programs requiredl for a central operation of this magnitude till can be maintained In the Model 67's alinoot unlimited direct access disk files for the first 30 visual display terminals have not yet boen fixed according to Conte Each school will analyze its computer o More than 100 students currently are working toward graftu e degrees in compcter sciences rho growth of thia field Is Illustrated by the fact that the g raduate program begwi only 4 yeei s ago with five students Froehafer said the computer aystem will be installed in the university's P'ew la-story Mathematical Sciences B3uildhig now under consructonLocations Fir'st units of the System 360 will be in-stalled when the new building Is completed in 8 1 requirements to determine if its needs can be met most economically by using the remote are looking into the advantages of linking the rogionsi NyiuiIAM L u -I 1 IrIt r 6 system or by the normal batch processing systern now in use When these studies are com- Lafayette Haas said plete the first terminals will be assigned i in addition auoiding to Cont -cvcrnl smaller colleges In Indiana and surrounding states have expressed interest In tying in to the time sharing operation Hle pointed out however that the Model 67 can handle up to 200 terminals and that additional units will be added to the system as required The flexibility of Sy stem 360-its ability to add capacity and power as requirements grow-will enable Purdue to meet all of its cormputer needs in the foreseeable future Conte said We are determined that Purdue gets the most out of its computing dolhul and that at the same time it continues to be a leader in the field Both Haas and Conte emphasized that Purdue's use of the time sharing system is not limited to the Lafayette campus The university has four regional campuses-in Fort Wayne Hammond Michigan City and Indianapolis Each has its own computer and we definitely Triangle Universities Computation Center ni•l 'har 'upimankle Nj The establishment in North Carolina's Research Triangle of one of the world's largest university computer centers and grants of $1 5 million from the National Science Foundation were announeed in February by representatives of the three Research Triangle Universities t oina c This will be two years ahead of the opening anticipated by the N C 13card of High Education when It recommended formation of the co'nter in 1904 The joint university ownership arrangement is among the first of its kind Ferrell said and may very well set a precedent for future educational computer services The unique venture in computer sciences is expected to-provide statewide computer services for Tar Heel colleges and universities in the near future It is unique in that none of the cooperating universities will need to go to the Research Triangle to use the center Smaller on-campus computers will be hooked directly to the center by telephone wires Initially it will provide top-quality cornputer instruction and research service for 28 000 students and several thousand administrative faculty and staff personnel at North Carolina State University at Raleigh the University of Korth Carolina at Chapel Hill and Duke University at Durham Computer problems of professors officials and students will he initiated on campus and fed directly into the wire An answer to the problem will be returned in 2 or 4 minutes Grants of $500 000 were made to each of the three canpuses for the computer center The total of $1 5 million will help defray coets of the recently formed Triangle Universities Computation Center TUCC It's exactly like having a very large cornputer on each campus except that it costs less said Dr R B Des Jardins chairman of the UNC Computer Users Committee TUCC Is a non-profit corporation set up by the three universities to upgrade computer instruction and services Dr James I Ferrell a professor of chemical engineering at N C State is serving as first president of T'UCC He noted that the NSF grant along with earlier supporl from the N C Board of Science and Technology will enable the Centtr to get into operation with temporary equipnsent within the next few weeks and to become fully equipped by August Officials emphasized that in the near future -computer services would be available to colleges across the state through teletype hookups The giant oew computer to be used in the center will be capable of reacting to an incoming messagn in a few millionths of a second With thio speed transmissions from a large number of campuses can be made simultaneously 9 TODc u Science ano Technology provided funds to construct a new wing to the buildIng to provide housing for the Computer Center Thc comnputer cusialex itseli will occupy about 3 100 square feet of floor space The key equipment at TUCC will lt an T_ M bystem i360 Model 75 Computer This is the largest and fastest computer presently manufactored by IBM and is about 10 times fastpr th'- the apeedlest computers now Ir use on North Carolina campuses It will offer a cuniparable increase in nevitory size It will be able to add a column of one million ten-digit nu•mbrs in less than a second Among the chief advantages of the new computer there will be its easy accessibility to students and faculty It will be used extensively in educational programs especially in engin'cring and the sciences Located on each of the Triangle campuses will be an IBM System 360 Model 30 unit for high speed transmission between the campuses wid the center Dr P A LachenbruLh of the Department of Biostatistics at UNC said that his department will benefit greatly from the new computer Each campus also will have a variety of medium and low-speed terminal devices connected to the center to make computer facilities more readily available to faculty and students The main advantage for us he said s the flexibility to input and output devices on the new machine There will be much easier ways to manipulate it and this ease will make consuiting much easier for us We do a great deal of consulting and we will be able to do much more now We also will be able to take other bio-medical programs and apply them to our own programs hore which was very difficult before he said One of the big advantages of the new system is that all computer projects will be in the same language so that one school will be able to use another's program if they are working in the same 1le1d But the switchover to this new computer will present some difficulties Each university now has a different computer and thus many different problems UNC for instance has a computer that doesn't even talk the same Linguage as the new one A vast programming conversion is now under way Dr Alden Lind professor in political science at UNC works with the computer too This 360 75 will provide us with a language must political science people speak he said Policies for the center will be set by a TUCC Board of Directors composed of three representatives from each of the three campuses Chairman of the board is Dr T M Callie of Duke University Dr F P Brooks Jr chairman of the Department of Information Science at UNC noted that at UNC there will be a screen like a TV screen hooked up to the computer The user can draw a 'pik ture program on the screen to tell the computer what to do and the computer can draw back its answer Gther members are G C Henricksen and Dr Earle C Fowler of Dike Dr E D Palmatier Erwin M Danziger and Dr F P Brooks of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Dr Paul E Lewis John D Wright and Dr D D Mason of North Carolina State University at Raleigh Dr Gallie chairman of the TUCC board and associate professor of mathematics at Duke said that Duke would use the computer extensively for research in high-energy physics and in medicine He said the computer would both speed up research and provide greater accuracy in research complications By joining together in this venture the three Research Triangle Universities will have a computer capability comparable to the finest in the country he said A staff of 22 persons will operate the Coinputer Center which will be located in the new headquarters of the N C Board of Science and Technology at the Research Triangle Park The facility is known as the N C Science and Technology Research Center 10 I I ' le lmrthn 'nt i th hit ritorjr The Department of the Interior in May announced the selection of a large-scale general purpose computer system to be installed in the U S Geological Survey The systein will firmly link field locations throughout the country to a central installation in Washington D C system These essential data will be almost instantly accessible to local state and federal authorities seeking to manage water resources An IBM System 360 Model 65 will be located at the Department of the Interior in Washington D C as the hub of the system that managers scientists and engineers across the Nation will use As a rasult of competitive proposals International Business Machines Corporation was chosen to provide computers for the system The central computing connplfex will provide a wide spectrum of computational iervices to the Department of the Interior in the Washington area as well as serving the W otal administrative scientific and data processing needs of the Gcol gical Survey IBM System 360 Model 20 computers will serve as terminals at field offices In Denver Colo Flagstaff Ariz Rolla Mo and Menlo Park Calif and will be connected to the Washington complex by telecommunication circuits Other locations are expected to be connected to the system following establishment of the network Hundreds of our scientista and engineers working on such projects as creating geo logic and topographic maps of the moon analyzing underground nuclear tests or the earth's quakeproducing fanilt structures and studying mlnral and water resources will have a uniquely powertul tool at their fingertips ito the new computer network said Director W T Pecora of the Geological Survey Scientists and engineers of the Water Resources Geologic and Topographic Divisions of the Geological Survey will be able to use the speed and power of the central computers when they enter problems into the system through a computer at one of the four field offices Within minutes printed results will be returned to thp origin l sender by telecommunications For example Pecora said the rast accumulation of informatiun required to deal With water scarcity and with pollution in the Nation's watersheds can be stored hi the memory of the First equipment deliveries have been nchedu ed for the fourth quarter of 1966 with the final system to be completed early in 1967 UNIVAC 1108 Computer I i t' of t tf a Sail 'it 'I h H4112 The purchase of a $2-million dollar Univac 1108 computer has been approved by the University of Utah Board of Regents President James C Fletcher said the high speed computer will be paid for over a 5-year period by income from Federal research grants and the SperryUtah Company Division of Sperry-Rana Corporation equipment and will increase tWe center's capacity at least ten fold The Univac 1108 will open opportunities for better man-machine communications Dr Schmittroth said It features input-output terminals which can be installed anywhere on or off campus One of them will bi established at Sperry-Utah plant a prime contractor of the Army's Sergeant Missile system Upto 50 projects canbe •un through the Univac 1108 simultaneously from the terminal points The 1108 can accommodate up to 200 separate terminals We will have one of the most powerful computer facilities in the world said Dr Louis A Schnmittroth director of the University's Computer Center The new computer will be purchased from the Univac Division of the Sperry-Rand Corporation and installed in October 1967 It will replace all current computer Professor David C Evans director of the University's Computer Science Program said 11 the new muachine would also be of great academic value It will become a major instruction and research tool in the newly organized cornputer science program and will support major the University's Research Park m For example he said the Univac 1108 will allowthe Fluidonics Division of the Imperial-Eastman Coroorationfirst occupants of Utah's Research Park-to research in computer graphics and man-computer systems he said Professor Evans explained that at least 2 000 students currently find some need for the services of the Computer Center The new equipment will make the experience more efficient and meaningful for these situdents he said design new fluidic devices by computer simulation A Fluidonic official explained that the new computer will provide solutions to the fluid flow equations used in Fluidies at six times the speed of the present computer equipment An added advantage of the new facility will be the advanced methods in which the computer will be used to store users programs and process their data Dr Schmittrothsalidaccesstosuchapowerful computer 'will be a real drawing card for 12 I Computers and Centers Overseas Worldwide Reservations Network Air Frorf Pa Fr ane In May Air France announced the signing of a purchase contract with the Univac Division Sperry Rand Corporation for a new electronic reservations system which will assure increased speed and expansion of service to clients throughout the world The French airline is the first European airline to make such a purchase in the United States Canada and Mexico will be linked to the airline's new electronic reservations system Subsequently all major cities on the French airline's worldwide network will be joined to the new reservations system A GIANT ELECTRONIC SERVICE SYSTEM The new system will handle a passenger's reservations and other pertinent travel arrangements in a fraction of a second at any time of day or night Messages will be transmitted with equal speed to any part of the world concerning space availability on a desired flight md immediate alternates on any route segment combination itinerary routings The agent units assuring quick service to the public were designed by Raytheon Company and will be manufactured in France under license by Marcel Dassault Electronic Company These digital information display systems units are made up of a keyboard to send questions to the electronic memory bank and a television type screen on which instantaneous replies are dispiayed in twelve 42-character lines In addition to instantaneous passenger service concerning space availability and reservations the system will register full name telephone contact stopovers and if desired car or hotel reservations special in-flight diet menu ground excursions connecting flights on other airlines and many other travel details It will also be possible to question the memory bank and receive immediate reply on fares timetables vaccinations and public health and immigration formalities for various nationals visiting a certain country or series of destinations The reservations agent units in various countries will be linked with the central memory bank in Paris by telecommunication equipment manufactured by the Thomson Houston Company and will make use of circuits rented exclusively by Air France Loop circuits will link all cities in the same geographical region thus avoiding the consequences of cutout at any particular city The new reservations memory bank composed of two giant capacity Sperry Rand Univac 1108 Multi-Processor electronic calculators will be installed at Air France's Electronic Center located on Boulevard Blanqui in Paris Each calculator is made up of two memorybanks each in turn capable of registering 65 000 sixcharacter words and will be linked with 10 auxiliary memory drums with a 327-million character capacity by 1977 The new Univac equipment scheduled for early 1968 service in the French airline's reservations system is designed for year by year expansion through 1977 to meet traffic growth and augmented service needs Initially the central unit will be linked with 561 reservation agent units and 92 teleprinters located in Paris and 19 other reservations centers in five countries By 1977 the electronic system will join 1 105 reservations agent units This giant capacity will permit reply in an hour's time for example to a total of 100 000 questions made up of 20 000 000 characters Thus agent units throughout the world will be able to question the central unit simultaneously and receive immediate reply for exceptionally quick and efficient client service Early in 1968 Paris will be linked with 10 cities namely Ajaccio Bastia Bordeaux Lyon Ma'seilles Nice Strasbourg and Toulouse as well as Berlin Dusseldorf Frankfurt Hamburg a ' Munich Also London Manchester Mil n Rome Geneva and Zurich In rapid succession principal cities servod by Air France 13 cargo reservations freight inventory flight Air F-'ance's new electronic reservations tory control statistical studies and many other information needs of the world's largest airline and hts clicnts in 11 cities in vl coukuLkiebs creased client service and augmented corporate productivity and efficiency The giant electronic nervirtP nypten will mlso permit handling of Hybrid Computing System CambridgrUivr ity Cambridge Eiighaind of 2-microsecond memory and the analogue part will be two 231R Mk V computers manufactured by Electronic Associates Ltd These machines will be linked together by special interface equipment Elliott's are responsible for the design and engineering of the complete system and for supplying the special computer programes software which will be required Cambridge University has ordered from Elliott-Automation a 180 000 'hybrid' part digital part analogue computing system for fundamental research into the problems of applying automation to the control of industrial processes Success in this field could lead to large increases in productivity in many industries and the Science Research Council has recentiy awarded a grant of P 273 000 to support the work in the Engineering Department at Cambridge In general terms the analogue computer will be used to simulate the functioning of industrial plants and the digital computer to control and optimise the overall plant performance It is necessary to use a hybrid system for this research because an analogue computer can reach an approximate solution to the simultaneous differential equations which represent the processes in mathematical terms very much more quickly than can be achieved by digital methods The installation will be the largest in Britain to incorporate both a complete digital computer and a complete analogue computer linked together to form a single computing system It is to be delivered by the end of the year The principal aim of the team workingunder Professor J F Coales Professor of Control Engineering at Cambridge is to find generally applicable methods for the design of control systems for complex industrial plants This necessitates first of all the construction of accurate mathematical models of industrial processes and from these the compilation of efficient control strategies for the various typas of plants The existence of such data will simplify enormously the task of applying automation to many industrial processes leading to gains in productivity which will enhance the competitive position of many British goods in export markets A digital computer must be used to turn these approximate solutions into precise mathematical terms but its principal role in the system is to measure and optimise the performance data represented by the solutions to the equations and to reset the process parameters before initiating a new cycle of operations The digital computer then goes on to compare the results achieved with actual plant performance data At a later stage when the automation study has got properly under way the NCR Elliott 4130 may be used for multi-program working on other computing problems within the Engineering Department EXPERIENCE Programs will be written in ALGOL and FORTRAN which are both compatible with the real-time operation of the system An interesting software development will be the writing of hybrid programs using FORTRAN with sections of machine code or symbolic language embodied in it An important by-product of the project will be the accumulation of a wealth of first-hand experience of the design and use of powerful hybrid computer systems of this type The digital part of the system will be an NCR Elliott 4130 computer with 16 000 words 14 NCR Eott 4100 E1wiot-Automation Compu ers 1 1d Borfhamwwd Herr England The first production models of the NCR Elliott 4100 Britain's most advanced low cost multi-purpose computer have been delivered to the Aircraft Research Association and British Telecommunications Research Limited Shortly before delivery it was announced that the operational speeds exceeded the specification by 25 percent The specification has been increased accordingly offering an even better cost-performance ratio at an unchanged price The first installation was delivered to the Aircraft Research Association's Bedford Laboratories where it will be used for research into high speed flight at up to six times the speed of sound These conditions are simulated in high speed wind tunnels and the Association's existing Mach 1 and Mach 4 tunnels are being augmented by a Mach 6 tunnel which is nearing completion EXCHANGE SIMULATION The system delivered to British Telecommunications Research Ltd a member of the 9l80m Plessey Group will be used to assist with advanced research in the telecommunications field at the Company's Taplow Court Laboratories A choice of core store memory units operating at speeds of 2 or 6 microseconds is available for use with both the 4120 and the 4130 central processors enabling the system to be expanded or speeded up as the volume of work increases The 2-microsecond memory can be attached to the 4130 processor in modules of 16 384 or 65 536 words The normal maximum of 262 144 words of immediate access core storage will be extended to over half a million words for a number of special applications GRAPHICAL DISPLAYS A 4100 data processing system for a typical scientific or research application consisting of the 4130 central processor with an autonomous transfer unit for multi-programming purposes paper tape input and output channels line printer and two random access stores would cost approximately Z90 000 The extremely high velocities in the two smaller tunnels are obtained by compressing air into steel containers and releasinig it into the wind tunnel under controlled conditions The tests last for only a few seconds during which the aerodynamic properties of experimental shapes are measured and recorded under varying conditions and airspeeds Tests are often continued over several days during which a mass of complex data is recorded This is subjected to detailed analysis and examination before the final results are obtained A 4100 system for a typical business application consisting of the 4130 central processor with multi-programming facilities 32 000words of 2-microsecond store six 33-kc magnetic tape files with simultaneous read-write facilities paper tape input and output channels and a 1 000-line-per-minute printer would be approximately E135 000 This work will now be largely taken over by the computer which will include a 4120 central processor 6-microsecond store paper tape station control typewriter two data disc handlers and a digital plotter The system will provide the results in a fraction of the time formerly taken and in addition to presenting the information in the form of statistical tables it will also provide graphical displays on the digital plotter The BTR installation consists of a 4120 central processor two 6-microsecond stores each of 8 192 words paper tape station and control typewriter The system will be applied to a wide range of scientific work connected with systems design and evaluation Engineers will be able to write and run their own programs on the computer programming courses have already been held at Taplow Court for this purpose The installation will also be used on a wide range of theoretical and practical work carried out at the laboratories including the design of experimental models for use in the wind tunnels In addition to its normal data processing role the 4100 will play an important part in 15 ¶ iI 9TR' l --rozz z a-'•geLiunic iviphone switching systems By simulating the operation of complex telephone networks the emputer will yield Important statistical iiuformation including the anticipated call failure rate for given exchange configurations and traffic patterns By this method an optimum balance between cost and performance can be determined while exchanges are still at the design stage aded io ine AU range wnich was Introduced earlier this year The new centrai processor the 4130 is fully compatible with the smaller 4120 unit but is faster and more flexible offerring multiprogramming facilities and incorporating many built-in features such as high-speed floating point arithmetic Multi-access working with the 4130 procerssor will enable many different people to use the machine at the same time The NCR Elliott 4100 is an entirely British system designed as well as manufactured by Elliott-Automation Marketed Jointly with NCR it has been ordered for business government scientific and research applications Production is centred on the Company's Borehamwood and Cowdenbeath factories and provision is being made to expand production still further to cater for an expected increase in demand IMPROVED PERFORMANCE TIMES FOR 4100 SYSTEM Operational speeds achieved with the 4120 central processor of the NCR-Elliott 4100 data processing system exceed the original specification by over 25 percent Thin specification has been increased accordingly offering an even better cost-performing ratio CHOICE OF PROCESSORS This increase in operational speeds applies to systems with both 2- and 6-microsecond stores Typical improvements in floating point and fixed point arithmetic times are shown in the following table Recently a powerfulnew central processor and a high-speed memory capable of storing more than a quarter of a million words were Operations Fixed Point Times in Microseconds u asStore 2 #s Store Old Logic step New Old New Floating Point Times in Microseconds 6 us Store 2 1s Store Old New Old New 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 5 1 1 Addition 12 0 12 0 6 0 4 5 362 347 212 162 Multiplication 87 0 67 0 81 0 59 5 735 661 525 382 Division 88 5 68 1 82 5 60 6 709 634 500 369 16 I Wemhia M dksa Egsnd It to detect and respond to a high-speed realtime situation in a few microseconds without losing control over the other problems already being processed G E C Computers and Automation Limited will manufacture and market in the United Kingdom the new 'Sigma'7 computer announced by Scientific Data Systems Santa Monica California This degree of power is achieved by embodying in the computer all the industry's latest advances Many of its features are exclusive to the new computer or otherwise available only in machines costing some 91 000 000 or more Thia is a third generation computer which makes extensive use of monolithic integrated circuits is designed to provide a total capability for real-time computing in scientific and business data processing and operates In the time-sharing multiprocessing and multiprogramming modes An example of this is a feature known an mapping This provides for the efficient management of the computer's storage capacity an essential aspect of time-sharing operation Using mapping each user's program is routed into the available sections of the computer store which may be widely scattered Addressing is automatically adjusted so that the program appears to the user as though it occupies a single continuous block in the store The result of an intensive 2-year development programme this represents the first range of computers based on entirely new design techniques to be introduced since the IBM 360 announcement British manufacture of the computer will be carried out in Coventry G C Computers and Automation will offer the machine as an extension to its existing Series 90 range of computers at a price around e 200 000 depending upon the configuration of individual systems Machines from the United Kingdom production programme will be delivered in 1967 This feature also enables the same progran to flow into and out of different fragments of the total store during each period that it occupies the machine An exceptional feature of the computer is its time-sharing capability It is the first medium-priced real-time machine to be developed for this application For example the computer can service more than 200 remote users simultaneously each virtually having exclusive use of the machine while at the same time it can be batch-processing management and control programs Despite the complexity of time-sharing operation the computer's unique hardware and software design enables Because of its unique logical organisation this is the only computer in the industry which can completely change its environment from one program to another in 6 microseconds This feature provides the capability for processing such critical real-time applications as aerospace and industrial control nuclear experimentation communications switching and control and at the same time provides for general purpose computing in multi-usage environments COMPUTER DATA SHEET Store Capacity 524 288 bytes 4 096 to 131 072 words expandable by increments of 4 096 8 192 12 288 or 16 384 words Store Cycle Time 1 2 microseconds 700 nanoseconds' WordSize 32 bits four 8-bit bytes plus parity2 Maximum Memory Module Speed 26 million bits per second 'Effective Cycle time when overlapping occurs 'IBM 360 format includes 64-bit floating point decimal arithmetic and byte string manipulation 17 A COMPUTER DATA SHEET Continued l•- t- i-expan dabie in biocks oi ia to a total of b1Z Major Instructions 110 Ipstruetion Execution Speeds' Microseconds Load word 2 0 Add 2 0 Maximum Number of Externa Priority Interrupts 224 Multiply 4 9 Divide 12 5 Special Features Overlapping Interleaving Mapping Multiple Register Blocks Memory Protect Real Time Clocks Input-output Processors Asynchronous Operation and Monolithic Integrated Circuits Maximuim Number of Input Output Devices 256 Maximum Input Output 160 million bits per second Programming Systems FORTRAN IV PL I Assembler Meta-Assembler Control Monitor Batch Monitor Universal Monitor Library Peripheral Equipment Keyboard printer paper tape reader and punch card readers and punches rapid access disc 7 and 9 channel magnetic tape systems 600 and 1 000 line per minute printers visual display units and communications interface equipment Cost of Typical Configuration 8200 000 3Specds Include inde xing mapping and memory overlap G E C Computers and Automation Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of the G E C Its activities Include the computer and digitalcomputer control activities previously handled by International Systems Control Limited and related activities in the field of high speed data transmission and telemetry previously handled by the Industrial Division of G E C Electronics Ltd Wembley The Science Research Council I C T Atlas Computer Laboratory Iwarrmshonal Cuompoter and h'bulators Limiled don SI'V IS England The Science Research Council's Atlas Coincentres In Europe It provides a service to the puter Laboratory at Chilton in Berkshire has following groups of users in addition to its own recently taken over the I C T Atlas 1 computer mathematicians after which the laboratory was named Final Research workers in British Universities acceptance was in the spring of 1966 by which in any field time the machine was scheduled to maximum in an fied capacity-24 hours a day 7 days a82 8 week The thus it is used in biology ben hd oer-literature as well as in thesociology physical and installation which cost 82 8M had been opermathematical sciences ating on a two-shift basis since early May and is now in regular use three-shifts a day The Science Research Council's own laboratories including the Rutherford LabThe Laboratory based on this one large oratory for nuclear physics and the Space computer is one of the most powerful computing Research project 18 a The Atomic Energy Research Establishment SCIITWNO' PR • AUCH ' ATLAS INSTALLATION Several Government research establishments including the Meteorolog' cal Office the Road Research Laboratory Offe theMeadic Research Laboratory a central processor and a core store of 49 152 words capacity 48-bit word a fixed core store of 8 192 words capacity a subsidiary store of 1 024 words capacity four magnetic-drum stores of 24 576 words capacity each 18 magnetic-tape units two 600-cards-a-minute readers one 100-cards-a-minute punch two 1000-lines-a-minute printers a master console with typewriter and paper tape punch operating at 110 characters a second a subsidiary console with typewriter and paper tape punch operating at 110 characters a second The power of the Atlas computer derives from the fact that not only is its speed c°'peration high but it can handle a number of separate and andunrelatedprograms simultaneously Asupervisory program within Atlas organizes the work so that the maximum use is made of the data processingfacilities of the computer in accordazwe with the priorities given to the various F-' Such is the capacity for work of Atlas that a continuous flow of jobs has to be provided and an unusual operational system has been devised to expedite the input and output of programs together with their related data Input data and programs read from punched cards or perforated paper tape are transcribed on to magnetic tape where the jobs are held in a queue on an input tape From here the jobs are fed into the cornputer which as already stated is capable of performing several programs concurrently Results are first recorded on magnetic tape-the output tape-and then transcribed from magnetic tape into print or punched in cards or paper tape as required Transcription of the input data and the results is performed concurrently with other work the computer is performing The main store is divided into cores and drums but the programmer can treat it as one integral store of nearly 150 000 words capacity a built-in program organises any necessary data transfers There is also a'fixed store' of 8 192 words made of ferrite and copper slugs set in a wire mesh This store has an access time of about 0 03 microseconds and holds all the basic programs such as those for reading and punching cards or paper tape and computing simple functions Basmer Computing Department n' iversiA of Sý ýP S dno' Ausralia The Basser Computing Department currently operates an English Electric KDF 9 installed early in 1964 and an older machine a SILLIAC copy of the original University of Illinois machine which was put into service in mid 1956 It is anticipated that before the end of 1966 the Department will have a 7040 1401 and a 1700 A summary of existing and planned equipment is given in the following table 19 t _ _ _ _ _ __ _ Manuf acProcessor SILLIAC turer Basser Word of character lenahm No o words of characters in high speed bits store 40 1 024 Peripherals delivery Romarks 4 m t units 1 p p t reader July 1956 Connection to KDF 9 now complete April 1964 All peripherals on separate channels Nov Interconnected to 1 p p tL F9 BM 7040 E E L M 48 16 384 I B M 38 32 7•8 punich 4 rn t units 2 p pA readers I p p t punch 1 1 printer 1 cd input 1 plotter 4 m t units 1966 1401 2 m t units connected to 1401 can be switched manually to 7040 IBM 1401 L B M 6 16 384 2 m t units 1 p p t reader 1 card reader punch 1 line printer do See above There is a programmable switch controlled from the 1401 which enables information to be passed to 7040 or 1700 CDC 1700 C D C 16 12 288 Disc file 58 2-10 bits 2 teleprinters 1 character display At the present thiie the KDF 9 has been connected to SILLIAC so that the four SILLIAC tapes can be used It is Intended that the CDC 1700 will serve as a message-gathering unitfor remote console service to be run jointly with Nov 1966 To be interconnected to KDF 9 and through 1401-controlled switch to 1401 the other equipment A switch operated by program from the 1401 will enable information to pass according to its position either between 1401 and the 1700 or between the 1401 and the 7040 20 Miscellaneous ADP Management Bureau of the b udget Washingfon D G 20503 Swithin The Director of the Bureau of Budget has announced establishment of a separate branch the Bureau's Office of Management and Organization to assist him in carrying out his responsibilities for management of automatic data processing within the executive branch of the Government He has appointed Joseph F Cunningham formerly Associate Director of Data Automation for the Department of the Air Force to head the new branch Evaluate the effectiveness of ADP management practices of individual agencies as well as the executive branch as a whole Provide a basic Government-wide information system to assist officials in properly managing ADP equipment and related resources $ Sponsor a program for the standardization of data elements and codes that are in common use among Federal agencies The new ADP Management Branch was established to carry out the responsibilities specifically placed on the BureaubyP L 89-306 and by the President's approval of the recoimendations in the 1965 'Report to the President on the Management of Automatic Data Processing in the Federal Government The establishment of this new branch is part of the increased Government-wide attention being given to ADP management by the Bureau of the Budget the General Services Administration and the National Bureau of Standards Promote the use of advanced techniques in the design of data processing systems including the integration of systems on an intraagency and interagency basis Mr Cunningham who heads the new branch has been with the Air Force in the management information field for 25 years including service as an officer in the Office of Statistical Control during World War IL He has been associated with the Air Force's ADP program since early in the fifties He was a member of the project staff which prepared the report to the President on 'The Management of Automatic Data Processing in the Federal Government and has benn chairman of the Interagency Committee on ADP He is a niember of the American Management Association Association for Computing Machinery and has served as Vice Chairman and Chairman of the Conference on Data Systems Languages CODASYL He is an adjunct professor in the School of Government and Public Administration of the American University Under itsbasic responsibilities for management improvement the Bureau of the Budget provides policy direction and guidance to all agencies of the executive branch with respect to the management of automatic data processing Under P L 89-306 policy and fiscal control for the Government-wide ADP responsibilities assigned to the General Services Administration and the Department of Commerce by the Act will also be provided In addition the Bureau of thp Budget will strengthen its resources to Computer Aided Instruction Vniventyd 0 C djorninj Sanw Rabr•a Calil Inin Selected classrooms at the University of California at Santa Barbara were equipped in September with computer display consoles to help students and teachers solve a variety of problems in mathematics engineering and the sciences 21 Chancellor Vernon I Cheadle t oday announces that during thf summer the university installed an IB3M computer a Systenm 360 Model 50 to implement an advan•ced resoarch and instructional system Plans call for equipping class- student who is able WNtovetoruv 1vu oi gains han experimental solution his problem many insights not available with the traditional theoretical approachi rooms in five departments with display consoles fur experimental use in a variety of courses including calculus electrical engineering sociologpy and psychology For the researcher the speed and advanced problem-solving capability of the new system will enable him to extend his investigations into areas which have been too complex for solution-using ordinary techniques FrederickT Wall Vice-Chancellor for Research said the System 360 incorporates the latest computer technology and will be the first large-scale system on the UCSB campus The computer will be available for classroom work during the fal3 quarter Tearchers by meana of a master console will be able to monitor each of the students in a classroom and review their progress The teacher can also construct examples of problems on his console and display the images on all other stations in the classroom Using a technique called on-line computation -develeped by Dr Glen J Culler Director of the UCSB Computer Center and Dr Burton D Fried Professor of Physic at UCLA-a timesharing system eventually will Ank various other universities throughout the country to the cor puter via a network of telephone lines Presently there is also a 16-console classroom on campus linked co a smaller computer Consoles at UCLA and the Harvard Computation Laboratory Cambridge Mass also are linked to this computer by telephone lines The display consoles called teleputers consist of a calculator-lke keyboard labeled with mathematical symbols and a screen slnilar to a television tube A student or researcher enters his problem into the computer through the keyboard Each step toward a solution may be displayed on the screen In numerical or graphi- Use of the computer for research projects and classroom instruction is supported by the National Snience Foundation the Office of Naval Research and the Advanced Research Projects Agency ol the Department of Defense cal form as desired by the user cessing unit with 262 144 chaxacters of core storage an additional bulk core storpge unit with two million characters four magnetic disk storage units each with a 7 25-millioncharacter capacity a magnetic drum which stores almost four million characters and transfers them to the computer at the rate of 312 000 per second The System 360 includes a central pro- The capabilities of this sy Aem will broaden the boundaries which have tradiionally limited the study of mathematics and the sciences according to Dr Culler For the student the system will help provide a better grasp ol the abstract coi cepts common to these fields The Ocean Training Space Surveillance System Cornell 4tronai dwl lJbuab#tor hic Buffathl New York 1 1221 A radar-plus-computer surveillance systern to monitor air sea and sub-surface ocean traffic based on a system design of Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory is now providing the U S Navy with a method of safely conducting complex large-scale training operations off the Southern California coast of the controlled area for airborne surface and subsurface operations By computer tracking and projection the system is designed to warn all craft of impending hazards in time to avoid accident situations Increased operations in the large reserved training areas underlie the need for the surveillance system Known as the Navy's Fleet Air Control and Surveillance facility centered at the North Island Naval Air Station near Coronado California the system provides more efficient use As the first of several contractors involved in the program CAL was selected by the Navy 22 I 1M tc a nda- A-ta tern tailored to the Navy's shipboard digital computor the CP-642A and its associated data processing- and display equipmcnt LWU w iut uiounts irack aircruft in the reserved space and the information is fed by a microwave relay into the computer where It Is digeated aad hiuemdla ely displayed on banks of surveillance consoles Under a $286 000 contract CAL proved out the feasibility of the Navy's plan and lald out the preliminary design of the system required The computer program was designed and written by Cornell Lab and then checked out on the control system computer to assure that control and surveillance functions were suited to The west coast center began operations ate last yem- and is a prototype for the Navy which plans a number ol such installations on both coasts the complex tasks CAL's control concept also provide for expansion of the system in the event that additional computers radars and data links are desired Remote Computer Demonstration Cornell ULuivernilv ork14850 Ithaa New A group of high school juniors visiting Cornell University in April learned some of the marvels of engineering by playing an ancient Chinese number game with a two-ton opponent 150 miles away The game the visitors played is called Nim The students were seated so they could see the keyboard of the teletype on a television monitor They talked to their electronic brain opponent in Schenectady on the teletype The computer asked the student playing tlhe game what move he had made and then told what move it in turn was making It took the computer about a tenth of a second to make its move The game was part of the 26th annual Cornell Day held to let young students learn what college is all about and to see what Cornell has to offer them About 500 male students from 45 Northeastern cities converged on the Cornell campus to take part in the two-day program Although other universities have similar programs Cornell's is believed to be the only one in the country that lasts more than one day The game involved up to 12 chips The number of chips to be used was determined by the toss of a pair of dice The player must remove from one to three chips during his turn Turns were taken until all the chips are gone The player forced to take the iast chip loses The game with the General Electric 265 time sharing Computer was arranged by two promotion minded Cornell students Bradford M Smith 23 of Erie Pa and William W Frayer 21 of Binghamton The resourceful pair both electrical engineering students decided they wanted to arrange something unusual to present to the visitors Although the untrained computer loses at first it learns by its mistakes After a number of games it wins at least three out of fourgames The machine learns' by eliminating bad moves and it never repeats a mistake After a series of games with one visitor the machine was stripped of its memory to allow another player to take part While the games were designed for engineering students visitors with other interests heard lectures saw demoiaL rations and were taken on tours All of Cornell's colleges except Home Economics were participating in the program We could have used lasers and played like James Bond Frayer said 'but we finally decided on a computer because the visitors could participate While Frayer was getting permission from General Electric to use its machine in Schenectady Smith was persuading the New York Telephone Co to initall telephone lines and teletype equipment Their combined efforts cost them nothing but a little of their time Students attending Cornell Day were selected with the help of alumini Some of the visitors were guests of fraternities and others were guests of Cornell freshmen in their dormitories For many of the visitors the trip to Cornell cost 23 only a$5 registration fee Alumini and the Univ- '1ty pl• ak •up die tab in most of the cases Coordinator of the proararn warn nl 1reyu- 'c associate director of admissions relations Public Library Computer System Lat Angele Public Library Lot Angeles Cn ifonda 90017 The first fully automated registration systern for a major public library in America made its debut at the Los Angeles Public Library on May 23 1966 to re-register There are no changes in the qualifications for receiving a Library Card Librpry Cards for young ppoplc were mailed only to those who have registered since September 1965 Anyone whc pplied for a Library Card as a juvenile' or Intermediate' prior to September 1965 will have to re-register Records of more than 800 000 library users are being maintained by the City's IBM cornputers Library users who live in the City of Los Angeles and who remain in good standing will not have to re-register every three years as they have in the past This will be a permanent lifetime registration Persons who obtain Library Cards on any other basis will have to qualify every year The new system will reduce the cost of issuing Library Cards and maintaining registration files and will provide a new series of controls over library usage One added feature of the new system will be the closer control over the issuance of Library Cards said City Librarian Harold L Hamill Cards will be mailed to the address listed on the application only Persons giving falie or Incorrect addresses will not receive cards This will help reduce the number of 'bad risks' who misuse the public library The new registration system is expected to help reduce the loss of library materials through negligence or willfulness Persons who owe substantial debts to the Library will receive a notice asking them to settle their account before they can obtain a new Library Card This Is a closer control than has been possible under existing operations The new registration system is the beginning of a five-part program designed to improve the technical services which support the library ' said Los Angeles Mayor ' 'ty Our primary purpose is to make as mrny books available to as many people as possible With our present budgetary limitations it is impossible to meet the demands being placed upon the public library by adults and children It is therefore increasingly vital that we find ways of improving every aspect of the department which results in economies and efficiencies so that the flow of books can be increased 1 The new registration system was put into operation with the mailing of 450 000 Library Cards There will however be a period during the change-over when both the old and new cards are in use Adults whose current cards expire in 1967 and 1968 received their new cards in the mail if they are in good standing and if the Library had their correct address Those whose cards expire in 1966 will have to re-register Persons who have to re-register need not make any special effort to rush to the library said Library Commission President Albert A Le Vine Because of the great number of expected re-registrations it would be well to wait until your next regular visit to the library The Los Angeles Public Library's registration system is the first stfp in a five-part program that would make Itr tohnical services the most modern in 4ni P The registration system is also the fi a d program to be placed on the City U't ystem 360 model 30 one of the vc i u i ost modern computers The five-part protcr-1 includes an automated ordering system i handle the more than one million dollars worth of books purchased each year the ordering and controlling of more than 33 000 magazines and journals some of them with as many as 100 subscriptions per title cataloging of books with more than 17 000 different titles are processed each year an improved circulation system with a faster and more accurate notification process for persons with overdue library materials and a more vigorous follow-up with delinquents 24 ___________ ___ would be felt The registration system will operate as a separate unit until other systems are installed at which time they will be lategrated to produce even greater benefits We will be able to maintain more accurate up-j•-daie iiies on our boools and patrons at a lower cost with the aid of computers said Hamill We will reduce the number of books auuL returned to us which can be frustrating to other library users and expensive to the library Installation of a computerized registration system for the Los Angeles Public Library has revealed some very shocking facte according to Library Commission President Albert A Le Vine Initial estimates reveal that there in probably two million dollars owed to the Los Angeles Public Library by its users as of today and that more than 134 000 books have been checked out and never returned Two years ago Stanford L Optner Associates was hired to make a study of the value of automatic data processing equipment in the Los Angeles Public Library The study was set up to see if improvements• in service and cost savings could be made within existing budget limitations The institution of electronic data processing systems is tightening up our operations and during the next couple of years there will be several Rteps taken to reduce the number of bad-risk library users ' said Le Vine The Los Angelefi Public Libriary is not about to become ant autoti ated library in the sense that machinet vill replace either books or librarians ' said O ptnv Ir 'We have dealt with areas in which i 'neciate gains could be realized for a cost and service conscious administration This study and program has nothing to do with informaion retrieval a far more complex and difficult problem The startling facts came to light as the result of transferring records of registered library users from file cards to computer tapes Information contained on the card files that could not be compiled and analyzed due to the high cost and time involved can now be analyzed quickly on the computer Anyone who owed the Library five dollars or more was placed on a special report and will not receive a new Library Card until that debt is settled There are 60 000 names on this special report representing five years of accumulated debts Hamill said the Library was able to enter the field of computerization only because of the recently developed Data Service Bureau operated by the City Controller The Bureau handles a wide range of data processing chores for the city including the payrolls cost reports and accounting records Without this Bureau we could not begin to contemplate taking advantage of computers The Library simply could not afford the initial outlay for computers and specialized personnel said Hamill The 60 000 library patrons with five-dollar debts or more are believed 'o have approximately 134 000 volumes in their possession These are books checked out through normal procedures and not returned The average cost of an adult book is five dollars and the library collects fines only up to the price of the booki Thus a person who has kept out a book that costs $7 50 would accumulate overdue fines up to $7 50 His total debt to the library would be $15 if he did not return the book One new feature will be a list of delinquent library users to be maintained at each branch library and the Rufus B von KleinSmid Central Library This will eventually be integrated with the mailing of overdue notices to people who have not returned library materials on time The circulation of nearly 14 million books a year to some 800 000 individuals has become such a huge operation that overdue notices have not been going out as regularly as they once did The new program will get these notices out regularly and hopefully will prevent some people from accumulating excessive fines 'It must not be forgotten that it costs money to select order handle catalog and shelve new library books These costs would amount to more than half a million dollars to replace 134 000 missing volumes ' said Le Vine 'This says nothing of the frustration caused other library users who are not able to get the books they want and need Hamill said the continuing growth of the Los Angeles Public Library has made it impossible to continue operating with old fashioned techniques New economies and efficiencies must be introduced so that more money can be spent on books and magazines and other library materials Hamill said it would be several years before the full benefits of automation 'We currently take in about $600 000 annually in fines but we are not interested in making money this way ' said Le Vine 'Ou is making books available to people people o 're these large fines they oV 25 I nr book mhatr patnnranvn - hone We n_-___ A-4 nI t tw Vntqe -Aivaruk v ý a Library purchases rapproximately 62 000 book titles annually The total number of books purchased is 267 000 The Library spends abuut $1 million a year on books and ft costs more than $130 000 just to place the orders A new and more modern system will be inaugurated later this year utilizing electronic data processing equipment The new system will speed the placing of orders reduce errors increase discounts improve delivery time and improve the use of book purchasing funds tion of allowing bad risks to continue using tCe Los Angeles Public Library If everyone paid their debts this week the Los Angeles Public Library would receive about two million dollars or enough money to purchase 400 000 new books-which represents the complete collection at the five largest branch libraries in Los Angeles West Valley North Hollywood West Los Angeles Hollywood and Van Nuys Magazines SERIALS materials published journals serially and are other a oesibrry aveoneinvetigtornon-book one investigator have does The Library The no-okmtraspbihdeilyaea kind of bill collector With more working as aprsons vital part of any library collection More than owbing aolleco mnimu offe thang80 000 than 60 000 persons owing a minimum of five 30 000 titles are purchased in quantities ranging from 1 to 100 copies A modern computer dollars and a city of 460 square miles however system has been designed for installation later it is impossible for him to do anything by conthis year to maintain these important records centrate on the worst offenders The Library's and to check the status and location of publicacollector has even taken people to Small Claims tions constantly As many as 2 000 serial pubCourt on occasion lications are deliveredto the Central Library daily Le Vine said the computerized registra CATALOG The cataloging of materials tion system will prevent bad risks from getting is one of the most important nerve centers of new Library Cards whenever they are re-issued any library It is through the catalog that people Equally important he noted that future developare able to find the material they need or want ments in the electronic data processing systems About 17 000 titles are cataloged annually in the design will place even tighter controls on overLos Angeles Public Library Funds have been due library patrons approved for system design and file conversion in the coming year Other libraries have been investigating and using computer technology in recent years It CIRCULATION In 1949 the Los Angeles is Los Angeles' opinion however that the Public Public Library installed a photo-lending circuLibrary is the first to develop a fully integrated lation system in which a picture was taken of electronic data processing system Each of the the user's library card and a card from the five elements described below can function indebook he was checking out This was one of the pendently however when integrated they will first major libraries in America tu install that provide additional benefits It is this aspect of process At that time 7 800 000 books were a fully designed system that makes the Los circulated annually Today the Library circuAngeles Public Library's program unique lates about 14 000 000 books every year Following the completion of the cataloging system s REGISTRATION The Los Angeles Pubthe Library plans to install a new circulation lic Library has already launched a new regissystem during the fiscal year 1967-68 It is tration system whereby the records of more hoped that such a system will reduce the loss of than 800 000 library users will be maintal ' 4 d books Improve the ability to catch delinquents by computers This aspect of the program will speed the mailing of overdue notices and provide reduce operating costs free much needed space better statistics on Library usage Increasing in the Central Library reduce the chance of use of the public library is creating heavy error improve the Library's ability to catch demands on the present system delinquents and eliminate many of the bad risks FIDAC - Film Input to Digital Automatic Computer National Biomedi-al irsuarrh Foujndation Silvr Spring M arybnd 209I01 because of the tedium manual precision and extensive time that is necessarily involved The large-scale quantitative analysis of pictures cannot be approached by manual methods 28 Hence the National Biomedical Research Ijlli Foundation has embarked on a vrouram designed to enable the automatic analysis of pictures by means of a digital computer with particular I such as photomicrographs electron micrographs omhssr x-rays and fso forth This capability pcue of automatic quantitative bimdclimotne analysis of pictures of biomedical importance promises to open up entirely new fields of investigation in biological and medical research which could not heretofore have been accomplished 4 The task of quantitatively analyzing such pictures involved two steps first a scanning instrument called FIDAC was built which Oreads the picture into the high-speed memory of a digital computer second a computer programing system called FIDACSYS was written to recognize the object to be measured and to process the quantitative data as required by the particular biological or medical problem under consideration GENERAL CAPABILITIES The ntame FIDAC stands for Film Input to Digital Automatic Computer The instrument is fundamentally an input device to a high-speed Figure 1 - Computer print-out of chromosome photomicrograph as read-in by the FIDAC with detail inset digital computer It enables a roll of film to be brought to the computer for input to the high-speed memory just as a magnetic tape reel can now be brought to the magnetic tape unit for direct input into the computer's memory The FIDAC instrument puts the pictures directly into the computer's IBM 7094 memory within 0 3 of a second with about 800 000 points per picture 1000 x 800 point raster being sampled in the black-and-white mode using one memory bit per picture point or 350 000 points per picture 700 500 point raster are sampled in the eightlevel gray mode using three memory bits per point see Fig 1 The number of points that are sampled per picture is presently limited not by the FIDAC but rather by the large-scale high-speed computer being used i e core memory size The FIDAC can resolve more than 1500 points across the width of the picture The new generation computers with higher speeds and larger memories will be able to take further advantage of the capabilities of the FIDAC instrument Figure 2 illustrates the main components of FIDAC The film-transport unit positions the film for reading Film movement in the unit is directed by output signals from the computer which are properly gated and transformed into control signals for the film-movement circuits 27 The deflection and pin-cushion-correcting coils the coil driver the focus and intensity controls and the high-voltage supplies are associated with the cathode ray tube that produces the short-persistence 1 5-mil flying spot with a maximum raster width of 10 cm The fluorescence is focused by the optical system onto the film which modulates the intensity of the light The light then falls on the surface of the photomultiplier which generates a video signal the voltage divider and the power supplies are associated with the photocell This video signal is amplified sampled by the chopping signals and sent through the level detectors The resultant level signals are synchronized and then are gated in the gray-level mode into the cyclicencoding circuits to form a three-bit gray-level code for each sampled spot in the binary blackand-white mode only two gray levels are discriminated for a signal using only one bit per sample spot The sampled information is received by the parallel-serial shift register which buffers 36 bits one IBM 7094 computer word for input to the computer It can be connected either for 12 three-bit parallel stages or for 36 single-bit serial stages depending on whether the gray or the binary black-and-white mode is being used The signals are 'matched' IFIDACSYS IBMUE 09 iPROGRAMMING I' MATCHING CIRCUITSo Block dCOMPgUTER FIDAC FLge CONROL CIRCUITS DGITAL LOGICAL ytn RASTER GFENERATOR r of GEeEthe DRIVER i i ANAOL t he aomplifed tnal cidomte signtrals fo riualts dsplay nitheior isonertalan eord aden-ffilednogideo msweep signals aredtl otk- ha signals monirtors spdot scaunner sandmthesenaee d fro theedca resolutioienis on-iecmu er-ingu devie verticalprogeamld ofneedbgatkionintrol FaCrwas designedta rComNtVeR Rouio and flying speificalalysi f por ia biomedical aa pcuepoesn end-oi-iasefollows Ttilieedras Other control signals must be received from and sent to the computer for initiating the operation of the FIDAC upon its selection by the computer and for synchronizing and gating the input lndormarion to the computer 1 For rapid processing of pictures for statistical analysis and screening purposes it has a high-speed scan of less than 0 3 second per frame THE FIDACSYS PROGRAMING SYSTEM 2 For retaining all information when scanning photomicrographs it has a high resolution greater than that of the optical microscope where for 1000 X magnification each 0 2• of the specimen is sampied by more than three points Once the picture is recorded In the computer's core memory as a grid of points each with one of seven gray-level values see Fig 1 the cornputer analysis proceeds The programing system FIDACSYS is designed to perform such analyses This system consists of a large number of basic computer programs that are integrated with each other in different ways for different problems as a general pattern-recognition-and-analysis language 3 For presenting the capability of program control by the computer i e to move automatically to the next film frame when the processing of one film frame has been cornpleted it has real-time operation 4 For extreme flexibility convenience and economy of storage of data it is a direct SUMMARY AN %D CONCLUSIONS About a 50 F field diameter on the specimen is seen at a magnification of 1000 The 750 points across the field give about 15 points per micron on the specimen or three points near 0 z• where 0 Z • is the optical resolution of a The successful design and application of the FIDAC instrument and the FIDACSYS program- ing system presents a new capability to the microscope 28 at 1000 power I -L tou ult oumputer i As a comparison FIDAC times faster than can conventional magnetic- can load the computer's core memory 10 to 50 tape input units tTha fart that FIDAC is oai-line with the cornputer with no intermediate magnetic tape recording means that pictorial data on film can be used a single 100-ft reel of 16-mm film which fits into a 3-1 2-inch diamoter can contains 4000 frames and will record over 4 billion bits of information this would require over 50 conventional digital magnetic-tape reels making a stack of these reels over 4 feet high MAGIC - Graphic Display Nafiowl Bureau oj 'Stpiat rd Washingion D C 20234 MAGIC an NBS computer system with unusual input-output capabilities can place into its memory pictorial material which the human operator draws assembles and modifies on its screen Pictorial material drawn' on its screen is sensed and remembered by MAGIC Machine for Automatic Graphics Interface to a-Computer 7 research-tool developed at the National Bureau of Standards U S Department of Commerce in work co-supported by NBS and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration 1 James A Cunningham Don E Rippy Donald E Humphries and Paul Meissner designed the machine for investigation directed at facilitating man's two-way communication with computers and the operation of remote computer inquiry stations in a highly formalized language which must be learned by the machine users Even devices enabling pictorial data to be read by the computer for such purposes as automatic character recognition and performing biological and metallographic analyses 2 impose some restrictions on data format MAGIC's operator draws on the screen of the display unit in somewhat the manner in which he would sketch a map for a fellowworker with the assistance of computer operations for erasing translating rotating adding additional infbrmation and editing The drawings created can be maps plans or schematic diagrams for example A completed drawing can be placed in the computer's menmory and recalled for output or additional processing at a later time This feature is of value for drawing routes on maps charting courses mapping weather predictions keeping progress records and maintaining up-to-date engineering drawings Capable of operating as a self-sufficient computer MAGIC can also be used with other computers as an input-output Interface with the operator DESIGN OF MAGIC The Bureau has long been concerned with reducing constraints of the man-computer interface Computers that can accept data in a less restricted form will be useful to more people and for solving more types of problems MAGIC does this by assisting its users in constructing graphic data and enabling these data to be inserted in the computer's memory in that form MAGIC consists of a multisection desk-type console forming a crescent before the o lerator Visible to the operator seated at the consolea re a cathode ray tube CRT presenting the primary display the light pen' used with it a secondary passive display a keyboard input and built-in and accessory control panels The basic principle of MAGIC is that a curve can be represented as a series of points along a connected path on the display area Each point can be described in terms of the values of its Cartesian coordinates and numbers corresponding to its display characteristics Thus a curve can be described by three parallel lists ol numbers giving successive values for two coordinaten and the display characteristics COMMUNICATING WITH COMPUTERS MAGIC is comprised functionally of a display unit including both displays and the operator controls and a processing unit consisting Computers used in today's technology require that data and instructions be g ven them 2 E Rippy -D and D E Humphries MAGIC-A Digital computer used for quantitative metallo- Machine for Automatic Graphics Interface to a graphic anaIys e s Comiputer Prbc Fall Joint Computer Conference 1965 pp 819-830 26-28 Feb 1963 29 NBS Tech News Bull 47 of a control processor and four subordinate list proceusors 1wo oi the iisi processors hande data forming the X field and the Y field defining the path and a third list processor plievstrace We display chtiracierrinfic s-pictorialsupor alphanumeric gain intensity and whether point or line The operator can not only position material he can aiso snr nk expand and rotate it When the drawing has been edited to the operator's satisfaction be returned to the nmemory Theit can dlgital information canmachine's be used to produce lhardl copy also this has been done by placing it on magnetic tape to drive an X-Y plotter This capability lends itself to making engineerin6 hanges on drawings and keeping up-to-date drawings on the tape for ready inspectt and reproduction It al o permits making additions to maps charts r floor plans a capability which should be lVieful in charting routes and courses adding isobars and symbols to weather maps and recording occupancy assignments Part of the 90-channel magnetic drum memory serves the subordinate list processors The drum's rotational speed of 1800 rpm provides a display refresh rate of 30 frames per second sufficient to prevent flicker of a stationary CRT display With a system clock rate of 54 kHz 128 12-bit words are obtained per channel Ten bits are used for each value in each field making possible a display that is 1024 - 1024 discrete positions square MAGIC IN SYSTEM USE Each of the identical X Y Z and W list processors receives data from its drum channel and returns them to the write head for that channel Operations performed on data flowing from the read to the write heads enable the operator to insert delete enlarge reduce shift horizontally' shift vertically draw add and transfer blocks of data to and from general memory These operations can be applied to points designated by the light pen or to an entire figure MAGIC has recently been connected as part of a large automatic data processing system This system consists of a MOBIDIC B twin computer and peripheral devices including MAGIC The system Is being used in investigating time sha interfacing and manmachine on-li - techniques MAGIC is connected in the system by a voice-quality half-duplex line limiting the data rate to 2 4 kHz The rate could be much higher except that it is desired to evaluate system operation for the voice-quality line a practical and economic necessity for many remotestation applications Display data in the system are stored locally and processed under direct user control at MAGIC while MOBIDIC provides a large data base for storing graphic data and processing routines By means of this interactive data processing the Center will be able to perfo 'm relatively complex graphic operations-curve fitting geometric cal ulations and graphical solutions to mathematical equations MAGIC IN OPERATION A presentation can be obtained on MAGIC's primary display in three ways a previously memorized figure can be obtainod from the machine's memory the operator can draw a straight-line figure by means of the light pen or a drawing can be assembled from components in the machine's Ulibrary of symbols In the last method the positioning operations are used to manipulate components and the light pen to connect them • CONTROLPROCESSOR SU86 RDINATE LJST PROCESSORS Figure 1 - MAGIC consists of a display unit and aprocess or unit The subordinate list proces sore and their memory channels handle data giving the location and characteristics of points of the displayed material URwIA L RCOUN DISPLAIPLA SCONTROLS OPERATOR 30 PROCESSOR UNIT Figure 2 - NBS engineer Paul Meissner uses a light pen at MAGIC to connect an added symbol to a schematic drawing obtained from machine memory MAGIC circuitry is contained in the console background operator site in front of primary presentation and uses ligght pen figures recalled from its memory and keyboard input to assemble graphic data Figure 3 - Here the light pen is used to draw routes on a map obtained from machine memory Thc control panel and keyboard input are vimible beyond the operator the cathode ray tube at the left is for a secondary presentation The editing capabilities of MAGIC are useful for drawing weather and road maps an ' updating engineering dravingo stored in the memory 31 Figure 4 - Drawings made on MIAGIC can be placed in the memory of a digital computer and used to control an X-Y plotter in reproducir g them as shown This feature would be extremely usefulin reproducing up-to-date versions of engineering drawings kept ina computer memory Oceanographic Data Nam9 Eletronics L aboradoty Sar Diego California 92152 A full scale digital computer accompanied an oceanographic ship on a research expedition when the Navy Electronics Laboratory's USS MARYSVILLE left in June for an extendedcruise to the Western Pacific It is believed to be the first use for a major computer equipment on this kind of oceanic expedition The ship will not return until October Environment Division which has 3cheduled the cruise Edward L Smith DgIe E Good Dr P G Hansen and Owen S Lee There are seven sections to the expedition The first from San Diego to Hawaii is under the direction of Good The main purpose of the expedition Is to investigate factors that pertain to underwater sotind convoy and submarine operations Interest in the cruise is enhanced by the current international situation Reason for the computer is the rapidity with which data are gathered by the NEL temperature measurinlg Thermistor Chain The coinpeter ts a standard Univac 1218 adapted slightly for shipboard installation and is capable of handling output of one data word every 0 3 seconds continuously A second consideration is the Pacific Science Congress which was held in Tokyo August 20 to September 2 at which time open house was held on board the USS MARYSVILLE Five NEL chief scientists are supervising the various sections of the expedition They are Dr E C LaFond head of the NEL Marine The main tool to be used on the cruise is the Thermistor Chain This NEL davice mounted in the ship's stern reaches down to a depth of 32 nearly 800 feet and records the temperature in such a manner that isotherms are plotted continuously so that depth as the ship progresses CentraJ Water and the Kuroshio Countercurrent strong horizontal gradients exist in tile Kuroshio system and the thermal structure is further complicated by meandering with subsequent formation of large horizontal eddies This Is the first crossing by a thermistor chain of a western boundary current in the Pacific Temperatures current biological scatterers and bottom structure are being recorded in this unknown area Dr Polk G Hansen is Chief Scientist for these mid-Pacific studies Specific objectiven of the expedition are to 1 Record temperature in analog and digital form and compute horizontal and vertical gradients 2 Measure surface and sub-surface currents Four recording current meters are mounted at equal intervals on the Thermistor Chain Because water motion causes a certain amount of heat exchange at boundaries the data gathered will help to explain the thermal structure and provide a basis for estimating the vertical shear of the boundary The huge eddy formed south of Honshu Island and located between the main island and the Kuroshio Current causes a large dome in the thermocline which is a fifth area of interest Japanese hydrographic data indicate that the eddy mysteriously forms and disappears with a period of about 10 years Owen S Lee Chief Scientist for this phase of the cruise who is the leading authority on internal wave structures and aluo the program manager for physical oceanography at NEL is hoping for some additional information on this area 3 Record echo sounder data on the distribution of scattering organisms Inhomogeneities in the ocean lead to sound scattering which removes sound energy from the main sonar beani The Navy Electronics Laboratory has an extensive program of classification of echoes from marine organisms These gas-filled organisms are efficient scatterers of sound energy and play a big part Jn study of the deep scattering layer 5 Bottom soundings will be made in areas where submarine canyons are of particular interest and at other areas of opportunity The Tsushima Current is the sixth ocean center of attraction for Expedition scientists Here warm saline water from the Kuroshio Current flows a ong the west coast of Japan where it meets tile Taushlrna Current causing an oceanic frontal system This system in the waters between Japan and Korea is uitique and a gainful studyof ittu anticipated by the NEL oceanographer Edward L Smith who is the Chief Scientist for this operation There are a number of areas of special interest to scientists on the expedition One is the boundary region between the Eastern North Pacific Central Water and Transition Water This area lies roughly half-way between the California Coast and Hawaii and is of special concern to Dale E Good Chief Scientist for this phase of the expedition lhe seventh area of Interest is the area where the Kuroshio Current turns seaward and bdcomes the Kuroshio Extension It is here that it converges with the Oyashio Current Many eddy formations are formed here which are of interest to the NEL oceanugraphers Mr Smith Chief Scientist for the cruise is incharge of effort in this area also A second area of prime interest is large thermocline dome S W of Hawaii This dome was dJscovered by the MARYSVILLE using the thermistor chain in 1964 Edward L Smith ChiefS entistis seeking moreinformatlon concerning the possible cause of this phenomenon On the return from Hawaii the boundary area between the Eastern North Pacific Central Water widthe Transition Water will again be traversed with an established pattern to investigate the north-aouth axis for the first time Dr E C LaFond Head of the Marine Environment Division at NEL will supervise this section of the cruise personally 4 Regular bathythermograph lowerings will be made at regular intervals Athird ipeclal interest area is near thetransitioii from Equatorial Water to the large North Pacific Central Water Mass between Hawaii and Midway No data currently exists on this area The USS MARYSVILLE is one of two sister ships used extensively by NEL for expeditions such as this She is commanded by Lieutenant C E Ciese Jr USN and has a complement of 6 offi srs and 65 men A fourth area-one of intense Interest-is the meeting of the Western-North Pacific 32 New k i D l ' de ri ol fnim Vehicles More than an acro of conventional filing equipment oelonging to the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles will be eliminated under a new advanced computer system announced in April by MuLor Vehicle Commissioner William S Hults Since some motor vehicle data is needed immediately by police it has been necessary to maintain parallel paper and semi-conventional microfilm files which eover more than an acre in two buildings in Albany and which require about 1 6 million dollars annually to maintain The Commissioner said the new equipment will reshape the Department's operations for a whole generation When fully installed annual savings of some $850 000 will result primarily in entrance grade salaries for the cost of maintaining old-fashioned paper files the Commissioner explained The new computer system instead of storing data on tape will store it in tiny electronic 'memory cells When an inquiry is fed into the computer the memory cell responds almost instantaneously with the desired information This system will thus provide immediate access to information on scme 8 million drivers 6 million vehicles an estimated 4-1 2 million trafilc convictions 6 million insurance policies I million traffic accidents and a variety of other motor vehicle records Thus the conventional files can be abandoned The source documents themselves will be retained in a far less expensive batch filing operation for reference when needed IBM was the lowest of four bidders able to demonstrate its equipment Proposals were evaluated under a complex formula and the successful bid involves an extended purchase option at a total cost to the Doparimeni of about $90 000 a month Under this plan the Department would own the basic equipment outright in 7 years The $90 000 includes the basic computer leased communications lines field terminal devices and peripheral equipment TELECOMMUNICATIONS The system's first units were scheduled for delivery about October 1 1966 andthe final components will be added by October 1968 The system is designed so that as computer technology improves obsolete units can be replaced with new ones without disrupting the basic configuration At present anyone wishing information from motor vehicle files in Albany must write telegraph or telephone the Department A Department employee receiving the information must either check the conventional files manually or prepare a punch card for entry in the computer The system will be the largest and most advanced motor vehicle system of its type in the world stated Commissioner Hults It embodies three concepts not available in the Department's computer These include Under the new system some 216 inquiry stations will be installed througnout the state in motor vehicle offices These stations will be connected directly with the central computer in Albany Thus an inquiry entered on a station in for instance Syracuse will feed directly into the Albany computer and an answer will be flashed back and printed within seconds at the Syracuse station IMMEDIATE ACCESS Most motor vehicle records at present are stored on magnetic tape If a particular iteni of information is sought from th's tape a punch card must be prepared and fed into the computer corfiguration It requires 2 days to run the complete tape through the computer When the item being sought is reached on the tape run the computer responds to the inquiry and prints the answer Thus if the item happens to be near the end of the tape run it can take up to 48 hours to obtain an answer DAILY UPDATE At present business in Motor Vehicle field offices sometimes takes days to reach the Department's central files in Albany since it must undergo office processing shipping to Albany auditing and manual filing 34 the new system local offices will feed Under t44•-to fed most of the dav'a fr nuap -to mompterf that day A- -L - l the computer that day Thus if someone registers a new car on Monday the Department's central tion and office plate number records that will same shnw day this registra The Commissioner cited the following additional advantages to the new system It will enable the Department of Motor Vehicles to absorb an estimated annual half million increase in vehicles registered and drivers licensed without adding employees in these programs each year Specifications for the system were developed Ly L uUmiiMee oi Lepartment specialists headed by Bernard J Lynch Director of Central Office Operations Another committee under Mr Lynch's direction of the present is nowmotor working vehicle on plans operations for conversion to the new computer over a 2-year period Commissioner Hults cited achievements of the Department during the last 6 years which have led to conversion to data processing of programs in drive licensing driver Improvement accident records and most recently vehicle registration With the conversion of the registration program this year and installation of the new computer configuration by 1968 most of our plans for modernizing what had been a creaky anachronism of state government will have been completed tie Commissioner said e It will expedite the issuance of licenses and registrations in the field eliminating many time-consuming letters to Albany Service to the public will thus be improved substantially Computer Use Efficiency Study Net York lIit'it iy New York Neu Yw'k 10003 How can computer services be made more efficient more extensive more accessible and less expensive for students and professors in a campus environment Research will be directed by Dr JackHeller professor of mathematics and director of the HACF The HACF Itself a computing center specifically for students will be used as a test subject in the first two projece j z jr experiments toward improving computing techniques and capabilities for relatively small student-service operations New York University has launched a 3-year research program to find answers to these questions In two related studies the researchers will seek better ways to link a small satellite computer with a large central computer and methods of equipping relatively small computers for student use with some of the speed efficiency and advanced capabilities now available only in large expensive systems A third project is coneerned with developing computer-aided proofreading and data manipulation techniques adequate to handle the technical problems and masses of data encountered in humanities research The first project is designed to define and develop the role of a small satellite computer linked both with several remote typewriter terminals and a large central computer The goal is to develop a system that will automatically share and balance the work load between the computers for maximum efficiency NYU researchers will develop and test various experimental load-balancing and timesharing techniques in an effort to give the University Heights computer the automatic capability to sort and share with the Manhattan computer work coming in from a number of remote terminals in departmental offices An IBM System 360 Model 30 computer In the Heights Academic Computing Facilities HACF at the University Heights campus in the Bronx will be linked with one of two larger systems at NYU's Washington Square Center in Manhattan The IBM Corporation wil assist the NYU investigation by providing special technical support and assistance If successful Professor Heller said the project will increase the value of relatively small computers by increasing their effective capability This will be a boon to-schools and other usera unable to afford larger systems or whose work doesn't justify their size and expense ' 35 In addition it will save users time he • - ' V s- •tib L•gh u we lu-ge centrr' computer wthey can work from their own Within the next few years he added --usage is expectea to jump to 1 00U studen problems a day - For this reason he explained offices or at a nearby small machine and still enjoy the computtng capabilities of the hsLue central machine the Heights campus is an ideal plar i to develop und test student computing systems in a true academic environment In the second related project Professor Heller said that the researchers will attempt to equip a relatively small computer with a time-sharing capability for student use Timesharing systems that allow a number of persons to use a computer at the same time he explained now require large machines that are too expensive for many colleges In return he said the campus will gain a low-cost time-sharing computer system and students will enjoy increased computing capacity and speed plus the opportunity to gain experience and training in time-sharing techniques The proofreading project was prompted by the fact that the masses of data generated in computer research in the humanities demand more efficient data-handling and manipulation techniques Studies in literature and in languages for example involve problems such as the compilation of a concordance for a writer's entire works the indexing of all issues of scholarly periodicals or the word-by-word insertion of an entire novel into a computer for analyses of style and word usage Some of these problems require more than 100 000 data cards The system will be designed to allow students to gain fast efficient computer service through any one of several scattered typewriter terminals The researchers hope to achieve a system that will automatically notify the user of any mistakes in his computer instructions so that they can be corrected immediately Ordinarily Professor Heller said students drop problems off at the HACF and return later for the results If there were mistakes in the computer instructions however they find rejected problems that must be corrected and submitted a second time What we need ' Professor Heller said are more automatic and computer assisted methods for correcting re-arranging adding and deleting information from this stored data Currently making changes can mean that several filingcabinots full of cards must be run through the computer again For the answers to these problems the researchers will experiment with ways of getting information in and out of large direct access storage units called disk files An efficient time-sharing system with remote terminals will eliminate this delay and alao will allow more students to use the computing services In addition results will be automatically typed out on the typewriter terminals eliminating the need for trips to the computing center Work on this project will include the adaptation of FORTRAN computer language to the needs of the projected system We already have developed SYMAN for symbol manipulating a new computer language to facilitate the manipulation of strings of characters and lists of words and sentences the breakIng of paragraphs into sentences sentences into words and the reverse formation of words into sentences and paragraphs ' he said 'We expect results from this project to enable scholars in the humanities to tackle research problems that we now know how to do but can't do because the volume of data involved makes them impractical Professor Heller said Professor Heller said that the HACF now handles some 300 problems a day from students in the School of Engineering and Science and University College the two colleges at the University Heights campus Night and weekend time is taken up by graduate and special students with longer problems and by some non-supported faculty research New Graduate Program in Information Sciences Ohio Stlae Unjiueisth Cotumbus Ohio 43210 Ohio State University began a new graduate program in information sciences this fall which is being directed by a man who formerly headed the Naval Analysis Group in the Office of Naval Research Washington D C 36 I Dr Marshall C Yovits 43 was appointed jpruiesior and Cnairman of the Division of Information Sciences in the Graduate School and director of the Center for Research in InformsLion Sciences Both are being established under his direction self-organization and a-intIv aymtema 0 r- and speech recognition programing and information and communication theory Yovits is presently involved in the recruiting of atudents and assembling of staff as well as program development Housing will have to be rented for the first year Dr Jackson W Riddle associate dean of faculties said that Battelle Memorial Institute and Chemical Abstracts Service both university neighbors will cooperate in development and actual operation of the graduate program Battelle and Chemical Abstracts will cooperate both in providing staff members on a parttime instructional basis and in research Some of their facilities probably will be made available to Ohio State Riddle said Riddle added that the National Science Foundation has been asked for financial assistance in developing the program This cooperation plus the challenge of establishing and running a new program are what brought Yovits to Ohio State he said Emphasis of the program will be to turn out teachers of information sciences researchers and individuals who can solve operational problems involving these sciences Dr Yovits who has been with Naval Research since 1956 and developed its Information Systems Branch said this is a rapidly expanding field in which more and more universities are establishing programs Where most other institutions stress a particular area of information sciences Ohio State's program will be distinguished by its breadth Information sciences deal with the collection storage retrieval processing utilization and prediction of information Yovits born in Brooklyn took his early college work at Union College in Schenectady and then went to Yale for his master of science and Ph D degrees He was a physics instructor at Union and Yale while working on his advanced degrees and then became senior physicist in the Applied Physic8 Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University In 1956 he went with the Office of Naval Research as a physicist in the electronics branch and within a year was appointed Head of the new Information Systems Branch Also involved are any techniques and equipmnent necessary to perform these operations Information is defined as data of value in decision making As an inter-disciplinary program it will involve such areas as mathematics psychology biology engineering physics linguistics logic computer sciences and systems sciences Yovits said Riddle describedYovits as one of •he leading figures in the information sciences field Typical areas of information sciences that will be covered are computing circuits and logic He is married and the couple has three children Shared Central Accounting System Parsoru College Fairfield Iowa Parsons College one of the nation's fastest growing educational institutions announced in April plans to computerize its entire central accounting systems and that of two other Midwest colleges also Parsons Midwestern College in Dqnison Iowa and Hiram Scott College of Scottsbluff Neb Remote terminals at Midwestern and Hiram Scott already link them to data processing machines on the Parsons campus Conversion from the present equipment to the System 360 will provide instantaneous processing of nearly all college administrative tasks Dr Millard G Roberts Parsons president said a System 360 Model 30 will be installed to provide fast economical administrative and academic services on a shared-time basis for 37 II i uupuvl Dr - t-h - - hn-- i-ncre•a System 360 will free academic and d ninistrative personnel on three campuses from the burden uf inanual record keeping on admissions room assignments student scheduling grade reporting test analyses and transcript preparation The equipment will also be used either on site or from remote terminals for data processing coursework and research • zed farulty salary from $3 600 to nearly $14 400 Parons prAmident attributed the college's success to the application of business principles to the field of college management -including paring low- registration courses from the ourriculum adoption of a year-round Trimester system team-teaching an ungraded curriculum which permits a student to move at his own pace and a new construction program Dr Roberts said 'We view the addition of the System 360 as a further step in our prograin of expansion and invek tment which thus far has brought our college's financial condition from a deficit to a surplus has increased enrollment nearly 20 times its 1955 level and By pooling our resources and sharing the System 360 capacity Dr Roberts said 'we will be doing what many businessmen already do-gaining maximum technological benefit from a minimum outlay of rosources Menu-Planning by Computer lilarw I 'iver•it' v NPu Orlkam Louisiaua 701118 Sara Mayo Hospital a small hospital for women and Lchildren in New Orleans in May became the world's first hospital to use a computer full-time to plan its menus daily menus for hospital patients in three New Orleans hospitals and at the University of Missouri Medical Center New Orleans hospitals cooperating in the research are Sara Mayo the U S Public Health Service Hospital and West Jefferson General Hospital The time- and money-saving computer program now being used by Sara Mayo is the product of 4 years of research by a Tulane University computer research team directed by Dr Joseph L Balintfy associate professor of operations research in the Tulane School of Business Administration A separate research team was stationed at the University of Missouri under the direction of Dr Aimee N Moore co-principal investigator The Tulane system applies advanced mathematical techniques and an IBM computer to the problems of menu-planning so that a hospital now can save up to 24 percent of its raw food costs with simultaneous improvement in the quality of food service and patient care Dr Balintfy said 'Such results would have been impossible 10 years ago-before high-speed c 'nputers were commonly accessible ' An IBM 7044 computer system at the Tulane Computer Center was modified to provide for remote terminals linking Sara Mayo and the other two hospitals and the University of Missouri Medical Center TIhrough these IBM 1050 data transmission terminals information was entered into and menus retrieved from the 7044 Computer instructions developed by the Tulane specialists enable their electronic data processing equipment to print varied daily menus Each menu meets nutritional and other requirements at the lowest possible cost per patient The research project involved two phases Thecurrentphase financed by a3-year $242 600 grant from the National Institutes of Health began in 1964 Its objective was to establish an experimental central computer system to plan In Dr Balintfy's approach menu-planning problems at Sara Mayo or at any other hospital were identified and formulated into linear progrvimming problems A complete dietary information system the first of its kind was designed to feed pertinent data into the mathematical model The system is adaptable to the needs of any hospital in organizing and collecting information Three major kinds of data were placed in the computer's memory file 38 -' • was ile uunieni oi iii diierent nutrients for each of 2 500 foods which could be contained in hospitals' recipes Ahighly complex program computes fru i Lids data the nutrient content per serving for each menu item year Dr Balintfy explained the more complex menu structures in both hospitals require longer preparation before full implementation can take place Second item of information to be developed in quantity was the popularity of menu items on each hospital's protected recipe list and the frequency of request of the items First phase of the Balintfy team research was done at Touro Infirmary New Orleans from 1962 to 1964 In this phase data was collected only once and continuous updating of data was ignored Third the recipe file was entered From it cost-per-serving and the nutrient content of each dish were calculated by the computer The system was refined however so that the computer could print daily menus in less than 40 seconds Carefully controlled experiments proved dieticians are willing to accept the computer menus as well as the computer as their tool The results of this pilot study were published in several journals in 1964 and there still remains a heavy demand for copies At Sara Mayo 400 recipes were stored in the computer's disk files In the case of the USPHS Hospital which has a more complex menu there were 750 How does the sytstem work for Sara Mayo The research also generated a companion educational arrangement On March 7 the Balintfy team's menu-planning program was used in a unique cooperative venture between the Ohio State University College of Medicine and the Tulane Computer Center From the hospital's data input the special mathematical program developed by the Tulane specialists computes and prints out in seconds a menu for each day The menu fulfills all nutritional allowances specified by the hospitalor by a particular diet-at lowest possible cost per patient Twenty-five OSU medical dietetics students prepared in advance information required by the computer Itwasfedintoan IBM 1050 terminal connected by long-distance line to the Tulane 7044 To start the project the computer number was dialed direct over Bell System Dataphone The students received computer-planned menus and used them to study menu-planning food costs and nutrition Sara Mayo's dietician sits at an IBM 1050 remote terminal in her office enters nutritional specifications and may change items for a particular meal The rest of the menu is automatically adjusted by the computer to meet nutrient requirements Hospital food service personnel periodically updates food costs according to market fluctuations so that the computer menus will reflect seasonal differences Similar operations are scheduled for students at St Mary's Dominican College in New Orleans and University of Missouri students During the Sara Mayo experiments the Tulane researchers made a month-long cornparison in which a set of menus was planned without computer aid and a set with the cornputer's help Both had identical feeding goals for regular diets Another educational benefit of the program is the offering of research fellowships in connection with Tulane's new doctoral program in management science They are designed to develop a core of experts for the applications and furthering of the scientific method andcomputer models in the area of institution management Without computer planning Sara Mayo spent $1 36 a patient a day for food With the computer's help the cost would have been $1 04a savings of 32 cents per patient per day This finding and others in the comparison will be included in a research paper soon to be published Efforts of the Balintfy team now will be directed toward implementing and testing of more advanced computer programs for selective menus and modified diets The team also will work on possible application of the already developed techniques to other non-selective volume menu areas such as schools detention and nursing homes colleges and universities and the armed forces Although menu-planning by computer now is fully operational at Sara Mayo the USPHS Hospital's program will not be in full operation until sometime in June West Jefferson Hospital's program is scheduled for operation later in the 39 I Ic E- -4 -4 tdI -4 oEV- E-4 O co '-4 fl t4 cq -4 4 _ 21u 2 0 QV 0 C4 4 86 Ob q 0 16I CO i6 N 04 C3 4 m -4 'o c L C4 10 ' -4 d 4 2 - C4 ý to C4 04 C4 -k 4 0 00 20 0 toA A 40 Q I e U fl poo P JV D 000 t- 8JlO 81 lT dOOddV XII w uow B ni3 uoimade Cl IiiPO C aino oj vd41d m 0m -N -- m porjj9H-0 17J %U D401JdGdGZ I -4 %N3J Oendad-oa uo 00 0 0 4 -4 0 4 -I c' 0 cq0 o 00 0 m C 0 0 c C4In4L9 '-4 apn _________ U 'n 'a co ' 0 t- 4 co C M ozi 14 44 P4 u_ _ _ _ _ _ -4 -4 - I 04 c -4 4 __ Recreational Areas Inventory i S PrykirhiniIEli'the Interior WalshingltIol 1 The Bureau of Outdoor Recreation Department of the Interior Is responsible for formulating an outdoor recreation plan for the nation and for updating It every five years The Center for Computer Sciences and Technology In the Institute for Applied Technology National Bureau of Standards has developed a data system in support of this responsibility An inventory of existing and potential recreational areas In the United States provided information to form the basis for a mechanized file This data base has been established for all non-urban areas andfor delected cities The data have been collected In various tabular forms and supplied to interested state and local authnrities The data base will provide an information source for further processIng after refinements and corrections have been made to it 43