4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Cybersecurity Data Statistics and Glossaries April 20 2017 R43310 Jump to Main Text of Report Contents Data and Statistics Cybersecurity Glossaries Lexicons and Guidance Tables Table 1 Data and Statistics Cyber Incidents Data Breaches Cybercrime Table 2 Glossaries Lexicons and Guidance Pertaining to Cybersecurity Concepts Summary This report describes data and statistics from government industry and information technology IT security firms regarding the current state of cybersecurity threats in the United States and internationally These include incident estimates costs and annual reports on data security breaches identity thefts cybercrimes malware and network securities Much is written on this topic and this CRS report directs the reader to authoritative sources that address many of the most prominent issues The annotated descriptions of these sources are listed in reverse chronological order with an emphasis on material published in the last several years Included are resources and studies from government agencies federal state local and international think tanks academic institutions news organizations and other sources The following reports comprise a series of authoritative reports and resources on these additional cybersecurity topics CRS Report R44405 Cybersecurity Overview Reports and Links to Government News and Related Resources by author name scrubbed CRS Report R44406 Cybersecurity Education Training and R D Authoritative Reports and Resources by author name scrubbed CRS Report R44408 Cybersecurity Cybercrime and National Security Authoritative Reports and Resources by author name scrubbed CRS Report R44410 Cybersecurity Critical Infrastructure Authoritative Reports and Resources by author name scrubbed CRS Report R44417 Cybersecurity State Local and International Authoritative Reports and Resources by author name scrubbed CRS Report R44427 Cybersecurity Federal Government Authoritative Reports and Resources by author name scrubbed CRS Report R43317 Cybersecurity Legislation Hearings and Executive Branch Documents by author name scrubbed Cybersecurity Data Statistics and Glossaries https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 1 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Data and Statistics1 This section describes data and statistics from government industry and information technology IT security firms regarding the current state of cybersecurity threats in the United States and internationally These include incident estimates costs and annual reports on data security breaches identity thefts cybercrimes malwares and network securities Table 1 Data and Statistics Cyber Incidents Data Breaches Cybercrime Continuously updated reports are listed in alphabetical order by source followed by reports in reverse chronological order Title Date Source Pages Notes Akamai monitors global Internet conditions around the clock With this realtime data we identify the global RealTime Web Monitor Global Continuously Akamai N A regions with the greatest attack traffic Attack Traffic Map Updated cities with the slowest web connections latency and geographic areas with the most web traffic traffic density Continuously Anubis Provides realtime threat intelligence The Cyberfeed N A Updated Networks data worldwide The map is powered by data fed from 270 ISP customers worldwide who have agreed to share network traffic and attack statistics The map displays Continuously global activity levels in observed attack Digital Attack Map Arbor Networks N A Updated traffic which is collected anonymously and does not include any identifying information about the attackers or victims involved in any particular attack Akamai monitors global Internet Continuously conditions around the clock The map RealTime Web Monitor Akamai N A Updated identifies the global regions with the greatest attack traffic The index of developing countries' ability to withstand cyberattacks and Booz Allen build strong digital economies rates the Hamilton and countries on their legal and regulatory Continuously Cyber Power Index the Economist N A frameworks economic and social Updated Intelligence issues technology infrastructure and Unit industry The index puts the United States in the no 2 spot and the United Kingdom in no 1 Web Hacking Incidents Database Continuously Breach Security N A The web hacking incident database Updated Inc WHID is a project dedicated to maintaining a list of web application related security incidents The WHID's purpose is to serve as a tool for raising awareness of the web application security problem and provide https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 2 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html information for statistical analysis of web application security incidents Unlike other resources covering website security which focus on the technical aspect of the incident the WHID focuses on the impact of the attack To be included in WHID an incident must be publicly reported be associated with web application security vulnerabilities and have an identified outcome This timeline records significant cyber Center for events since 2006 It focuses on Significant Cyber Incidents Continuously Strategic and successful attacks on government 15 Since 2006 Updated International agencies defense and high tech Studies CSIS companies or economic crimes with losses of more than $1 million The quarterly report covers the business of cybersecurity including market sizing and industry forecasts Continuously Cybersecurity from research by IT analyst firms Cybersecurity Market Report N A Updated Ventures emerging trends employment the federal sector hot companies on the Cybersecurity 500 list notable M A investment and IPO activity and more Provides a realtime visualization and Overview of Current Cyber Continuously Deutsche map of cyberattacks detected by a Attacks N A Updated Telekom network of 180 sensors placed around logged by 180 Sensors the world As required by Section 13402 e 4 of the HITECH Act the Secretary must list breaches of unsecured protected health information affecting 500 or more individuals These breaches are now posted in a new more accessible Department of format that allows users to search and Breaches Affecting 500 or More Continuously Health and N A sort the breaches Additionally this Individuals Updated Human Services new format includes brief summaries of breach cases that OCR has investigated and closed as well as the names of private practice providers who have reported breaches of unsecured protected health information to the Secretary      Advanced Threat Report Continuously FireEye https www fireeye com current Updated threats annualthreatreport html annual reports N A FireEye gathers and publihes threat intelligence gathered from millions of virtual machines in customer deployments Expert analysts monitor interpret and package the data to better arm the public against cyber attackers These annual threat reports include https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 3 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html HoneyMap Continuously Honeynet Updated Project N A Data Breaches Identity Theft Continuously Resource Updated Center ITRC N A World's Biggest Data Breaches visualization Continuously Information is Updated Beautiful N A Cytherthreat RealTime Map Continuously Kaspersky Labs N A Updated McAfee Research Reports multiple Continuously McAfee Updated Regional Threat Assessment Continuously Microsoft Infection Rates and Threat Updated Security Trends by Location Regional Intelligence Threat Assessment Infection Report SIR Rates and Threat Trends by Location Note Select All Regions or a specific country or N A N A global and regional threat intelligence on industry trends as well as detailed malware analyses The HoneyMap displays malicious attacks as they happen Each red dot on the map represents an attack on a computer Yellow dots represent honeypots or systems set up to record incoming attacks The black box on the bottom gives the location of each attack The Honeynet Project is an international 501c3 nonprofit security research organization dedicated to investigating the latest attacks and developing open source security tools to improve Internet security The ITRC breach list is a compilation of data breaches confirmed by various media sources and notification lists from state governmental agencies This list is updated daily and published each Tuesday To qualify breaches must include personally identifiable information that could lead to identity theft especially Social Security numbers ITRC follows U S federal guidelines about what combination of personal information comprises a unique individual The exposure of this information constitutes a data breach Selected data losses greater than 30 000 records Kaspersky Labs has launched an interactive cyberthreat map that lets viewers see cybersecurity incidents as they occur around the world in real time The interactive map includes malicious objects detected during on access and ondemand scans email and web antivirus detections and objects identified by vulnerability and intrusion detection subsystems Links to reports by the company on cybersecurity threats malware cybercrime and spam Data on infection rates malicious websites and threat trends by regional location worldwide https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 4 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html region to view threat assessment reports ThreatWatch Continuously NextGov Updated N A DataLossDB Continuously Open Security Updated Foundation N A Chronology of Data Breaches Security Breaches 2005 to the Present Continuously Privacy Rights N A Updated Clearinghouse Global Botnet Map Continuously Trend Micro Updated What the Public Knows About Cybersecurity March 22 2017 Pew Research Center N A 18 ThreatWatch is a snapshot of the data breach intrusions against organizations and individuals globally on a daily basis It is not an authoritative list because many compromises are never reported or even discovered The information is based on accounts published by outside news organizations and researchers The Open Security Foundation's DataLossDB gathers information about events involving the loss theft or exposure of personally identifiable information PII DataLossDB's dataset in current and previous forms has been used in research by numerous educational governmental and commercial entities which often have been able to provide statistical analysis with graphical presentations The U S only data breaches have been reported because the personal information compromised includes data elements useful to identity thieves such as Social Security numbers account numbers and driver's license number The list is not a comprehensive compilation of all breach data Reported incidents affecting more than nine individuals from an identifiable entity are included Trend Micro continuously monitors malicious network activities to identify commandandcontrol C C servers and help increase protection against botnet attacks The realtime map indicates the locations of C C servers and victimized computers they control that have been discovered in the previous six hours Most Americans lack a basic understanding of online security measures Although most of the people responding to the survey were able to identify string passwords from a list and knew that public WiFi is not safe just onethird knew what HTTPS is and just onetenth were able to identify twofactor authentication The survey of 1 055 American adults consisted of a https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 5 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html IBM XForce Threat Intelligence Index 2017 The Year of the March 2017 IBM Security MegaBreach registration required In 2017 The Insider Threat Epidemic Begins February 2017 Institute for Critical Infrastructure Technology Emerging Cyber Threats Trends December and Technologies for 2017 2016 Georgia Institute of Technology Institute for Information Security and Privacy 2016 Norton Cybersecurity Insights Report November 23 2016 Symantec The 2016 Cyber Resilient Organization Executive Summary November 16 2016 Ponemon Institute and IBM 13question online quiz The median score was 5 5 In 2016 more than 4 billion personal records were leaked worldwide exceeding the combined total from the two previous years The leaked documents comprised the usual credit cards passwords and personal health N A information but the report also notes a shift in cybercriminal strategies finding a number of significant breaches were related to unstructured data such as email archives business documents intellectual property and source code 30 pages The report offers a comprehensive analysis of the Insider Threat Epidemic including research on 1 Characterizing Insider Threats the insider threat cyber kill chain non 52 malicious insider threats malicious insider threats ; 2 The Insider Threat Debate; 3 Policies Procedures and Guidelines to Combat Insider Threats; 4 NonTechnical Controls; and 5 Technical Controls The report discusses emerging cyber threats trends and technologies for the year 2017 The report is broken down into several sections that discuss emerging threats and trends such as the 20 privacy technology nexus evoting systems ransomware global information manipulation healthcare fraud and dualuse technologies The report offers solutions to the topics that are derived from experts in the field Researchers surveyed 20 907 consumers in 21 markets 76% of respondents said they know they should actively protect their information online but still engaged in risky behaviors including sharing 9 passwords The report found that globally 35% of people said they have at least one unprotected device vulnerable to ransomware and phishing attacks and that within the last year 689 million people in 21 countries experienced a cybercrime 5 Cyber resilience is an organization's ability to maintain its core purpose and integrity in the face of cyberattacks https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 6 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Q3 State of the Internet Security Report November 15 2016 Akamai 40 The global survey features insight from more than 2 400 security and IT professionals from around the world including the United States United Kingdom France Germany United Arab Emirates Brazil and Australia Only 32% of IT and security professionals say their organization has a high level of Cyber resilience—down slightly from 35% in 2015 The 2016 study also found that 66% of respondents say their organization is not prepared to recover from cyberattacks Akamai says it confronted 19 mega attacks in the third quarter of this year including the two biggest it has ever encountered in history The prime targets for the 19 mega attacks which Akamai defines as those that reach over 100 Gbps were media and entertainment companies even though gaming and software firms were also hit The two recordbreaking attacks reaching 623 Gbps and 555 Gbps were directed at security blogger Brian Krebs The attacks succeeded in taking down Krebs' website until Jigsaw a unit of Google's parent company Alphabet GOOG deployed its Project Shield service to deflect the attack A survey of 2 000 security officers representing large enterprises worldwide reveals that on average an organization will face more than a Building Confidence Facing the November 1 hundred focused and targeted breach Accenture 8 Cybersecurity Conundrum 2016 attempts every year and respondents say one in three of these will result in a successful security breach The report states that is two to three effective attacks per month Researchers found that the typical cost of a breach was about $200 000 and that most cyber events cost companies Examining the Costs and Causes October 10 RAND 15 less than 0 4% of their annual revenues of Cyber Incidents 2016 The $200 000 cost was roughly equivalent to a typical company's annual information security budget Measuring the Financial Impact September Kaspersky Labs N A The survey reveals that on average a of IT Security on Businesses 13 2016 single cybersecurity incident now costs large businesses a total of $861 000 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 7 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Meanwhile small and medium businesses SMBs pay an average of $86 500 To assess the state of the security landscape in the United States and across the world Kaspersky Lab looked at the attitudes toward security the cost of data breaches and the losses incurred from incidents According to the survey results nearly half 49% of U S businesses and over half globally 52% assume that their IT security will be compromised at some point The research seeks to examine the composition and costs of cyber events and attempts to address whether there are incentives for firms to improve their security practices and reduce the risk of attack Specifically we examine a sample of over 12 000 cyber events that include data breaches security Examining the costs and causes August 25 Journal of incidents privacy violations and 15 of cyber incidents 2016 Cybersecurity phishing crimes First we analyze the characteristics of these breaches such as causes and types of information compromised We then examine the breach and litigation rate by industry and identify the industries that incur the greatest costs from cyber events We then compare these costs to bad debts and fraud within other industries The infographic displays data breach statistics legal responsibility Legal Issues in Cybersecurity August 24 Labyrinth Law N A information a brief list of regulatory and Data Privacy Infographic 2016 enforcement actions and mitigating threat suggestions Publicsector data breaches exposed some 28 million identities in 2015 but hackers were responsible for only one third of those compromises according to new research Negligence was 2016 Internet Security Threat April 8 2016 Symantec 98 behind nearly twothirds of the exposed Report Government identities through government agencies In total the report suggests 21 million identities were compromised accidentally compared with 6 million by hackers 2016 Data Breach Investigations April 2016 Verizon 85 This report covers 100 000 incidents Report annual including 2 260 analyzed breaches across 82 countries In 93% of cases it took attackers minutes or less to compromise systems Organizations meanwhile took weeks or more to discover that a breach had even https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 8 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Data Breach Digest Scenarios from the Field March 3 2016 Emerging Cyber Threats Report November 2016 2015 2015 Global Report on the Cost October 8 of Cybercrime 2015 Verizon 84 Georgia Institute of Technology Cybersecurity Summit 2015 20 HP Enterprise Security and Ponemon 30 occurred — and it was typically customers or law enforcement that sounded the alarm not their own security measures The report is a set of 18 case studies chosen to represent the most common and destructive types of incidents seen over the past eight years For each incident the report reveals the events leading up to the breach details of the investigation and the how Verizon helped the organization recover The incidents include a water utility at which intruders managed to manipulate water treatment processes and flow; a developer who outsourced his work to China; and pirates the seafaring variety who used information stolen from a shipping company's computers to target specific containers on vessels they boarded Nearly two dozen cybersecutity experts from Georgia Tech business government and defense share their observations about emerging trends in a more connected world—where cyberattacks grow more persistent and sophisticated by the day Key findings included the privacy tugofwar between individuals and organizations has become a tug with no war; exponential growth in the Internet of Things over the past two years creates a larger cyberattack surface; the digital economy is growing more complex while a lack of highly trained security workers persists worldwide; and cyber espionage shows no sign of abating The study found that a benchmark sample of U S organizations experienced an average cost of cybercrime of $15 million The study shows that since 2009 the average cost of cybercrime per organization per year increased by 82% This year the range was anywhere between $1 9 million and $65 million each year per company While annualized cost increases as organizational size increases small organizations incur more than double the percapita cost than large organization experiencing https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 9 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Follow the Data Dissecting Data September Breaches and Debunking Myths 22 2015 Trend Micro Email Account Compromise EAC FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center IC3 August 27 2015 Criminals Continue to Defraud and Extort Funds from Victims June 23 Using CryptoWall Ransomware 2015 Schemes FBI Internet Crime Complaint Center IC3 2015 Cost of Data Breach Global Analysis Ponemon Institute IBM May 27 2015 $1 571 in costs per seat compared with a larger organization's $667 per seat Trend Micro's ForwardLooking Threat Research FTR Team has taken 10 years of information on data breaches in the United States from the Privacy Rights Clearinghouse PRC from 2005 through 2015 and subjected it to detailed analysis to better understand the real story behind data breaches and their trends The study identifies a N A number of deeper trends such as 1 hacking or malware attacks account for the single greatest cause of data loss with portable device loss at a close second 2 PII is the data most likely stolen with financial data second and 3 credentials are not the most commonly stolen data but the most likely data to lead to additional types of data loss The FBI warned about a significant spike in victims and dollar losses stemming from an increasingly common scam in which crooks spoof communications from executives at the victim firm in a bid to initiate N A unauthorized international wire transfers According to the FBI thieves stole nearly $750 million in such scams from more than 7 000 victim companies in the United States between October 2013 and August 2015 Between April 2014 and June 2015 the CryptoWall ransomware cost Americans more than $18 million The money was spent not only on ransoms which range from $200 to $10 000 N A apiece but also on network mitigation network countermeasures loss of productivity legal fees IT services or the purchase of credit monitoring services for employees or customers 31 According to the study of 350 companies spanning 11 countries the average consolidated total cost of a data breach is $3 8 million representing a 23% increase since 2013 The study also found that the average cost incurred for each lost or stolen record containing sensitive and confidential information increased 6% from a consolidated average of $145 to $154 Health care https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 10 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 2015 Data Breach Investigations April 14 Report DBIR 2015 Verizon HIPAA breaches The list keeps March 12 growing 2015 Healthcare IT News Federal Information Management Security Act Annual Report to Congress February 27 Office of 2015 Management and Budget OMB emerged as the industry with the highest cost per stolen record with the average cost for organizations reaching as high as $363 Additionally retailers have seen their average cost per stolen record jump dramatically from $105 last year to $165 in this year's study A full threequarters of attacks spread from the first victim to the second in 24 hours or less and more than 40% spread from the first victim to the second in under an hour On top of the speed with which attackers compromise multiple victims the useful lifespan of 70 shared information can sometimes be measured in hours Researchers also found that of the IP addresses observed in current information sharing feeds only 2 7% were valid for more than a day and the number dwindles from there Data show that information sharing has to be good to be effective More than 41 million people have had their protected health information compromised in Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act HIPAA privacy and security breaches Using data from the Department of N A Health and Human Services which includes HIPAA breaches involving more than 500 individuals reported by 1 149 covered entities and business associates the website compiled a sortable searchable list 100 The number of actual cybersecurity incidents reported by federal agencies to the DHS decreased last year Data show the total bulk number of incident reports sent by the largest 24 agencies to USCERT going up by about 16% during FY2014 from the year before But when two significant categories from that data set are removed— noncybersecurity incidents and other — the number actually shows a decrease of about 6% Non cybersecurity incidents involve the mishandling of personality identifiable information but without a cybersecurity component meaning the data breach likely occurred through a misplaced paper document Incidents classified as other are things such as https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 11 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 2014 Global Threat Intel Report February 6 2015 CrowdStrike 77 Incident Response Vulnerability February Coordination in 2014 2015 ICS CERT Monitor 15 CISCO 2015 Annual Security Report free registration required January 20 2015 Cisco 53 The Cost of Malware Containment January 20 2015 Ponemon Institute  scans blocked attempts at access and miscellaneous events Reported incidents of actual serious cybersecurity issues such as malware suspicious network activity and improper usage declined last year Real threats that did increase in recorded number include social engineering unauthorized access and denialof service attacks This report summarizes CrowdStrike's yearlong daily scrutiny of more than 50 groups of cyber threat actors including 29 different statesponsored and nationalist adversaries Key findings explain how financial malware changed the threat landscape and point of sale malware became increasingly prevalent The report also profiles a number of new and sophisticated adversaries from China and Russia including Hurricane Panda Fancy Bear and Berserk Bear In FY2014 the Industrial Control Systems Cyber Emergency Response Team ICSCERT received and responded to 245 incidents reported by asset owners and industry partners The Energy sector led all others again in 2014 with the most reported incidents ICSCERT's continuing partnership with the Energy sector provides many opportunities to share information and collaborate on incident response efforts Also noteworthy in 2014 were the incidents reported by the Critical Manufacturing sector some of which were from control systems equipment manufacturers Government agencies worldwide compared with banks and many other companies are better able to cope when the inevitable data breach occurs according to the study on advances in cybersecurity About 43% of the public sector falls into the highly sophisticated security posture segment The best security stances can be found within the telecommunications and energy sectors tied at 47% According to the study organizations typically received nearly 17 000 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 12 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html malware alerts weekly which pose a taxing and costly endeavor Of those alerts only 3 218 were considered to be actionable and only 705 or 4% were investigated An average of 395 hours is wasted weekly investigating and containing malware due to false positives or false negatives costing participating organizations an estimated $1 27 million yearly in average value of lost time The 2014 global study of U S based companies spanning seven nations found that over the course of a year the HP Enterprise average cost of cybercrime for 2014 Global Report on the Cost October 8 Security and companies in the United States climbed 31 of Cybercrime 2014 Ponemon by more than 9% to $12 7 million up Institute from $11 6 million in the 2013 study The average time to resolve a cyberattack is also rising climbing to 45 days from 32 days in 2013 The Global State of Information Security Survey GSISS on which the report is based surveyed more than 9 700 respondents worldwide and detected that the number of cyber incidents increased at a compound annual rate of 66% since 2009 As the frequency of cyber incidents have risen so too has the reported costs of Managing Cyber Risks in an managing and mitigating them Interconnected World Key September Pricewaterhouse Globally the estimated average Findings from the Global State 31 30 2014 Coopers PwC financial loss from cyber incidents was of Information Security Survey $2 7 million a 34% increase over 2013 2015 Big losses have also been more common with the proportion of organizations reporting financial hits in excess of $20 million nearly doubling Despite greater awareness of cybersecurity incidents the study found that global information security budgets actually decreased 4% compared with 2013 In 2013 there were more than 600 data breaches with an average organization How Consumers Foot the Bill August 7 cost of more than $5 million But in the NextGov com N A for Data Breaches infographic 2014 end it is the customers who are picking up the tab from higher retail costs to credit card reissue fees Is Ransomware Poised for July 14 2014 Symantec N A Ransomware usually masquerades as a Growth virtual wheel clamp for the victim's computer For example pretending to be from the local law enforcement it https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 13 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Critical Infrastructure Security Preparedness and Maturity July 2014 Unisys and Ponemon Institute The Value of a Hacked Email Account June 13 2014 Krebs on Security Online Trust Honor Roll 2014 June 11 2014 Online Trust Alliance June 2014 CSIS and McAfee Net Losses Estimating the Global Cost of Cybercrime might suggest the victim had been using the computer for illicit purposes and to unlock it the victim would have to pay a fine—often between $100 and $500 Ransomware escalated in 2013 with a 500% sixfold increase in attack numbers between the start and end of the year Unisys and Ponemon Institute surveyed nearly 600 IT security executives of utility energy and manufacturing organizations Overall the report finds organizations are simply not prepared 34 to deal with advanced cyber threats Only half of companies have actually deployed IT security programs and according to the survey the top threat actually stems from negligent insiders From the blog One prominent credential seller in the underground peddles iTunes accounts for $8 and Fedex com Continental com and United com accounts for USD $6 Groupon com accounts fetch $5 while $4 buys hacked credentials at registrar and hosting provider Godaddy com as well as wireless providers ATT com N A Sprint com Verizonwireless com and Tmobile com Active accounts at Facebook and Twitter retail for just $2 50 apiece S ome crime shops go even lower with their prices for hacked accounts charging between $1 and $3 for active accounts at dell com overstock com walmart com tesco com bestbuy com and target com etc Out of nearly 800 top consumer websites evaluated 30 2% made the Honor Roll which distinguishes them in best practices for safeguarding data N A in three categories domain brand protection privacy and security Conversely nearly 70% did not qualify for the Honor Roll with 52 7% failing in at least one of the three categories 24 This report explores the economic impact of cybercrime including estimation regional variances IP theft opportunity and recovery costs and the future of cybercrime Cybercrime costs the global economy up to $575 billion annually with the United States taking https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 14 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html a $100 billion hit the largest of any country That total is up to 0 8% of the global economy For the United States the estimated $100 million cost means 200 000 lost jobs and is almost half of the total loss for the G8 group of Western countries 2014 U S State of Cybercrime Survey May 29 2014 PwC CSO Magazine the U S Computer Emergency Readiness Team CERT Division of the Software 21 Engineering Institute at Carnegie Mellon University and the U S Secret Service The Target Breach by the Numbers May 6 2014 Krebs on Security Website Security Statistics Report April 15 2014 WhiteHat Security Linking Cybersecurity Policy and Performance Microsoft February 6 2013 Microsoft Trustworthy The cybersecurity programs of U S organizations do not rival the persistence tactical skills and technological prowess of their potential cyber adversaries In 2013 three in four 77% respondents to the survey detected a security event in the past 12 months and more than a third 34% said the number of security incidents detected increased over the previous year A synthesis of numbers associated with the Target data breach of December 19 2013 e g number of records stolen estimated dollar cost to credit unions N A and community banks amount of money Target estimates it will spend upgrading payment terminals to support ChipandPIN enabled cards WhiteHat researchers examined the vulnerability assessment results of the more than 30 000 websites under WhiteHat Security management to measure how the underlying programming languages and frameworks perform in the field The report yields findings to specific languages that are most prone to specific classes of attacks for how 22 often and how long as well as a determination as to whether popular modern languages and frameworks yield similar results in production websites The popularity and complexity of Net Java and ASP mean that the potential attack surface for each language is larger; as such 31% of vulnerabilities were observed in Net 28% were found in Java and 15% were found in ASP 27 Introduces a new methodology for examining how socioeconomic factors https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 15 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html Releases Special Edition Security Intelligence Report Computing Revealed Operation Shady RAT an Investigation of Targeted Intrusions into 70 Global August 2 Companies Governments and 2011 NonProfit Organizations During the Last 5 Years McAfee Research Labs 14 A Good Decade for Cybercrime December McAfee's Look Back at Ten 29 2010 Years of Cybercrime McAfee 11 in a country or region impact cybersecurity performance examining measures such as use of modern technology mature processes user education law enforcement and public policies related to cyberspace This methodology can build a model that will help predict the expected cybersecurity performance of a given country or region A comprehensive analysis of victim profiles from a fiveyear targeted operation that penetrated 72 government and other organizations most of them in the United States and copied everything from military secrets to industrial designs A review of the most publicized pervasive and costly cybercrime exploits from 2000 to 2010 Note Statistics and other information are from the source publications and have not been independently verified by the Congressional Research Service CRS Cybersecurity Glossaries Lexicons and Guidance Table 2 contains descriptions of and links to glossaries of useful cybersecurity terms including those related to cloud computing and cyber warfare Table 2 Glossaries Lexicons and Guidance Pertaining to Cybersecurity Concepts Title Sideways Dictionary Hacker Lexicon Source Date Washington Post and Ongoing Jigsaw Wired com Ongoing Pages Notes N A Defines cyber and technology terms using nontechnical analogies Hacker Lexicon is WIRED's explainer series that seeks to de N A mystify the jargon of information security surveillance and privacy Organization for Security Global Cyber A compilation of definitions of cybersecurity or information and Co November Definitions N A security terms The website also includes a submission form to operation in 2014 Database share new or additional definitions Europe OSCE Compilation of Broadly the documents analyzed for this report fall into one of Existing five categories national strategies and documents by Cybersecurity governments documents from regional and global and New October 126 intergovernmental organizations including member state Information America 2014 submissions to the United Nations General Assembly UNGA Security and international private and intergovernmental standards Related bodies as well as dictionaries Definitions https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 16 18 4 26 2017 Glossary of Key Information Security Terms Revision 2 NIST Cloud Computing Reference Architecture Glossary of Key Information Security Terms https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html May 2013 222 National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST Besides providing some 1 500 definitions the glossary offers a source for each term from either a NIST or Committee for National Security Systems CNSS publication The committee is a forum of government agencies that issues guidance aimed at protecting national security systems NIST September 35 2011 Provides guidance to specific communities of practitioners and researchers NIST May 31 2013 The glossary provides a central resource of terms and definitions most commonly used in NIST information security publications and in CNSS information assurance publications CIS Consensus Center for Security Internet Metrics Security 211 November 175 1 2010 Joint Chairman of Terminology the Joint November 16 for Cyberspace Chiefs of 1 2010 Operations Staff November Department of 8 2010 Defense Chairman of as Dictionary of the Joint amended 547 Military and Chiefs of through Associated Staff September Terms 15 2013 Department of Homeland DHS Risk Security September 72 Lexicon DHS Risk 2010 Steering Committee Provides recommended technical control rules values for hardening operating systems middleware and software applications and network devices The recommendations are defined via consensus among hundreds of security professionals worldwide Free registration required This lexicon is the starting point for normalizing terms in all DOD cyberrelated documents instructions CONOPS and publications as they come up for review Provides joint policy and guidance for Information Assurance IA and Computer Network Operations CNO activities The lexicon promulgates a common language consistency and clear understanding with regard to the usage of terms by the risk community across the DHS Source Highlights compiled by CRS from the reports Author Contact Information author name scrubbed Information Research Specialist email address scrubbed phone number scrubbed Key Policy Staff See CRS Report R42619 Cybersecurity CRS Experts by author name scrubbed for the names and contact information for CRS experts on policy issues related to cybersecurity Footnotes 1 For lists of legislation and hearings in the 112th114th Congresses executive orders and presidential https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 17 18 4 26 2017 https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html directives see CRS Report R43317 Cybersecurity Legislation Hearings and Executive Branch Documents by author name scrubbed https www everycrsreport com files 20170420_R43310_c1301f1c67bd9d53a259e96e5dd1ca66a40dae41 html 18 18
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