rnwuomrnw 1 lElBm OU w lErnlB 5 I Q 5l B W DLD r w JW l1UJrnLD U I QU L 86-36 EOl L1 c P L 86-36 I Derek K Craig i o 1 Marjorie Mountjoy 5 GARY'S COLORS Caterino G Ga rofal0 8 PRO J ECT CAR RI AGE Jam e 5 B Web s t e r o 1 0 SECRETS OF THE ALTARS 1 10 SOME THOUGHTS ON LEXICOGRAPHy Stuart H Buck o 11 LANGUAGE IN THE NEWS o o 14 A LONG HARD LOOK AT THE INTERN PROGRAM Anne Exinterne o 16 DEP'T OF GOLDEN OLDIES KING EUSYB I 1 19 CONTRIBUTIONS SOLICITED 21 CRyPIANALySIS AND CODE RECOVERI' r el T j l 9HUJIS e HItS 't I LJJ Exempt hOI 68 3 EB 1l61GBP Ez 2 fiilcc las But IS H 8 j Declassified and Approved for Release by NSA on '10-'1 '1- 20'1 2 pursuant to E O '135 26 vlDR case # 54778 r I DOCID 4009705 Published Monthly by PI Techniques and Standards for the Personnel of Operations VOL I J NO SEPTEMBER 1974 2 WILLIAM LUTWINIAK PUBLISHER BOARD OF EDITORS Edi tor in Chief Doris Miller 56425 Collection 1 1 44105 Cryptanalysis 1 1 32155 Language 1 P L 1 5Z36 --- Machine Support 1'--- --- Jk3321S Special Research o Vera R Filby 71195 Traffic Analysis Art Editor William J Jackson Jr 33695 1'--- __ 8 DOCID 4009705 - EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 fO' SEC B UM81A Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 1 TOP SECIfT UM8RA DOCID 4009705 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 TOP SECRET UNl8RA Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 2 TOP SECRET UM8RA -- DOCID 4009705 EO 1 4 c F L 86-36 fOP SfClff thUl A Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 3 TOP 5 CIB UMBI A DOCIO 4009705 TOP SECRET UMBRA Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 4 TOP SEelET UM8RA EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 SEelEr i I J J RYPTANALYSIS ODE RECOVERY by MARJORIE MOUNTJOY Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 5 SECRET U UWl S '1M EaHHf eWHlEhS OlihY Ii EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 DOCID 4009705 S Clff Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 6 SECRET I WiBf GBP 1 rA EH BUr SI WNlbS Q1'lJ X EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 DOCID 4009705 1 I 11------------------- AS WE GO TO PRESS fA Note ft40m the Collect on Ed t04 In a p4ev ou ue we expla ned that the 4aw mate4 al ft04 anal n NSA not b40UQht b the tooth fta 4 but collected b un t and people n the ft eld We a4e p40babl about to be q ven a q4aph c demon t4at on 06 how mp04tant tho e 4e ou4ce a4e I Iii SeClliT ' IWCCO J Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG 'Page 7 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 SEEIEf IhldffihE ' fA EElHlfF EURIWlUEb5 8lit Y EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d P L 86-36 DOCID 4009705 SECRET -----M-AJ-'-oJ- A-j-Ji lGARY'S qUentIY' tudle in cryptn-tt fflc analysis require differentiation in the quality of the data being researched The use of a color scheme in recording the data facilitates such differentiation I have developed and make use of one which is simple in nature and which my experience has demonstrated to be highly practical The system uses the colors 'described below they were chosen with specific purposes in mind They permit the visual display of six different qualitative levels which are also described below The colors The meanings of the colors in my system are as follows Color Qualitative Level Brown 5 Purple 4 Blue 3 Red 2 Brown - is considered to be the boldest of all the colors and the most exclusive and conclusive Black 1 I have found that colored pencils manufactured by different commercial firms vary considerably in hardness density and shade It is desirable therefore having started with a particular brand to continue with it and not intermix brands this will ensure that distinctiveness and clarity are maintained Also once a color scheme is established for a given problem maintenance of color discipline is mandato in order to achieve unambiguous continuity of understanding of problem details regardless of changes of the personnel involved in the analyti effort Green o Black - the black carbon #2 pencil has been found to be the best choice for normal usage suitable both for erasure and longevity Green - is the weakest that is the lightest density All of the other colors in the system superimpose on green quite readily Red and Blue - are of equal boldness eithercan beeasily superimposed on both black and green Purple - a bolder color which can also be produced by superimposition of red on blue or blue on red Caterino G Garofalo P14 Significance The ultimate in degree of trueness not to be questioped May al o represent captured or compromised information or its equivalent High in degree of reliability 'may be used as a substitute or companion for brown where special conditions of clarity or distinction are vital to the problem Primarily useful as a final and ordered value enjoying the same general stature as brown A relative base value having a significant bearing on the state of recovery A base of lesser value or no relativeness comPletely arbitrary a necessary first step To record or log information as it appears in its earliest or original form for suspected garbles and' for projected or expected but unobserved values not proven but highly suspected as being correct Used to alter a meaning or information without obliterating the original black form eserved UNCLASSIFIED This articLe riginaLLy appeared underthe titZe SimpZimty in CoLor in the October L97L issue of CO ND Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 8 WMIQ SfeE VJ A SfJfHI SI WI be QIl JPY D-OC-I-D- -------4-a-0 9-7-05--_---- - _ _ SECRfT- WO RLDWIDE MODERNIZATION PLAN P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c James B Webster R print d by kind p rmi 'on of tho 'n I 'LD INFORMATION LETT'R I w' ' tbo oid '960 witb tb adv nt of Proj h the large Circular Disposed Antenna Array CDAA nrollrams I sites there has been a continued DOD effort to o effect the consolidation and standardization of the US HFDF System There is an inherept dif1 1 Ii s the outgrowth of the ficultY in consolidatinl ' these efforts l u s Army and the U S Aj r Force Resource Change Proposals RCP designed to modernize and consolidate their respective HFDF systems 1 1-_ _ __-- --------JlrrThhee seeco iv 'l-e ir aali11l goals of DOD re l_o_p m_e_n_t_o_f_I being realized with the devel- 'I ' T w o_p_r or s he primary programs which will bring about this interoperable system Project I is the overall plan to up-grade modernize and integrate the existing worldwide HF F facilities It encompasses a number of the separate projects for improving individual facil it ies specific service-upgrade programs and selected actions designed to integrate specific geographic networks The primary goal of Project I I is to build an integrated national syStem to provide for the most modern accurate and resnonsive HFDF system nossible 1 I Ir------ ---Thel aldvantaoes J Iplan has a number of oper- in addition to mannower In addition a common basis for training procurement and maintenance is provided to the two services Project_I I will also result in considerable manpower savings and some of these savings have been included in the fiscal planning for fiscal year 1977 EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 3 1 the U S Navy's project to modernize the Navy system It includes automation of many functio s now performed manually thus reSUlting in extensive Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 9 SEelEr P L 86-36 P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d DOCID 4009705 P L 5 9ET EO 1 4 c F L 86-36 man oweI' s j pg Thj s S 1argrst o the projects and IS stIll in the desIgn p ase so t atetalls will have to await a future ublication 1 - t e 86-36 plans are for com letlQn 1980 when P L 86-36 e comp eted T e other projects are EO 1 4 c for earlier completion I lis in the beginning stages of development It presents many engineering and management challenges As we proceed with its implementation we will no doubt encounter many obstacles in engineering and operating this sYjtem We feel certain however that _ will go a long way toward meeting user requirements for increased numbers and accuracy of target locations EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d ItIIIIiIl From those who have attempted to solve the ngrav d in tho ton front of t o puzzle come the following comments altars in a church in western Belgium are the Moustier Cryptograms--20 short 1 The texts contain a secret message n mes lines of alphabetical text which no one of families benefactors etc has yet deciphered Why are they of interest to Cryptolog The answer to that question lies 2 There are numerous digraphs dipthongs in an intriguing story that began in the first and doubled letters perhaps represented by half of the last century and most recently inthe Greek letters Disputed cluded a request for help addressed to the 3 The job of the decrypter is to solve a Director National Security Agency substitution with multiple equivalents for some characters Professor Jean Connart who is engaged in writing a history of the town of Moustier has 4 The underlying language may be Latin been trying since 1961 to discover the meaning French Flemish Spanish or perhaps even of the texts He has sought help from schol- Snglish or German ars historians archeologists and military cryptologists--Belgian French Russian GerProfessor Connart included some of his own man American All have been intrigued but notes on the history of the region and these none has discovered the key to the cryptograms notes may have a bearing on the solution AcThe altar inscription still hold their' cording to parish records the church at Moustier secrets was in such dilapidated condition about 1836 that repairs were needed to prevent total ruin Early last year Professor Connart obtain- of the building In addition the winds of ed NSA's address from our embassy in Belgium November 1836 had taken off part of the roof In and dispatched to the Director a plea for help June 1838 some work was undertaken in accorHe enclosed photographs and a sketch of the dance with the plans ofPhilibert Pluvinage and inscriptions reproduced at the end of this Pierre Joseph Lemaitre A stonemason un article together with a number of substitailleur de pierre received board and lodging tutions he had tried and copies of responses to for 18 days Italics Prof Connart 's his similar pleas to others for expert help Continued on page 20 Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 10 SKiEr P L 86-36 DOCID 4009705 umr m4 ng4t l un Itxirngrupqy hy tunrt fl 1Burk lanCing through the latest bulletin of the Mongolia Society my eye caught the following statement by John Krueger professor of Altaic studies at Indiana University The worst possible way to make a dictionary and horribile dictu the way that nearly all seem to be made is to make a grand compilation of all existing dictionaries possibly abridging slightly and adding a few examples The obvious and ideal way seldom followed is to begin with a set of texts draw from them only the words used in those texts and create a dictionary out of the actual recorded usage of the literature or in the case of a spoken dialect from the noted speech of the speakers The latter and better course tS self-evidently vastly more difficult and time-consuming 1 These are the words of a purist I must admit however that they really shook me up---not because I object in principle to definitions based on the personal experience and judgment of the lexicographer but because Professor Krueger's ideal seems to me impractical if not impossible to achieve at least in a general dictionary Now I have known John Krueger for almost twenty years and I have the highest regard for his scholarship I know also what he was driving at the habit of so-called circularity among compilers of dictionaries resulting in the perpetuation of ancient errors Certainly this is a detestable practice to be avoided if humanly possible But where does one start If Professor Krueger is so distrustful of others where does 'he expect his lexicographer to acquire the knowledge of a foreign language which will be expert enough to enable him to read through both ancient and modern texts and to select from them the precise meaning of each word When not reading he is advised to glean terms from native speakers presumably in the course of free conversations in their own language Again how does he acquire that skill A modest amount of fa1th in someone else's judgment seems called fc r - oo Part of the trouble it seems to me stems from confusing the role of the compiler of a general or comprehensive dictionary with the task of providing suitable vocabulary lists for a specific set of texts Normally this is the sort of information that the author of a reader provides in his glossary at the end of the book To expect the lexicographer to wade by himself through all the published literature in a particular foreign language must assume that he would have the life expectancy of a Methuselah Even then he would never quite catch up with the flood of new expressions appearing in the daily press No it is just plain unrealistic to expect the lexicographer to go it alone ' To be sure it is flattering to view one's own products as truly independent free of the slightest taint of plagiarism that ugly word How nice Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 11 DOCIO 4009705 it would be if we could all operate in an ideal laboratory situation with all the reference works we would like and quick acces to native scholars who are also bilingual All those knotty problems would fall like tenpins Unfortunately life is not like that---at least at NSA On TV we see the masked surgeon garbed in his green gown and cap working away in a germ-free room There is a muttered command a gloved hand is thrust out and just the right instrument plops into it Everything sterile efficient scientific and prompt Then we turn to old Doc in Gunsmoke where someone is always getting shot up No green gown here The rule is very simple The bullet has to come out And Doc does it rubbing his nose before and after the eve'iit Somehow I1is patients seem to survive Don't get me wrong I'm not arguing for sloppiness--in lexicography or anything else I'm merely saying that when there is a job of lexicography to be undertaken at NSA we can either do it honestly as best we can or leave the bullet in and suffer the consequences I heartily agree with John Krueger that there are good and bad ways to compile a dictionary but I do not share his distaste for the eclectic method The main thing here is to know your sources Before you start harvesting words and examples from other dICti ies find out all you can about each compiler---his background purpose method of operating and reputation among his peers Distinguish the sturdy oaks from the spindly saplings I remember one work in particular that impressed me when I was compiling my Tibetan-English dictionary 2 It was a massive tome representing almost 50 years of careful research by several generations of conscientious French missionaries in the field 3 These men were no dilettantes they were dedicated to the t sk of spreading the gospel and the Tibetan language was their means of doing this Thus their original word list was constantly tested retested corrected and updated until they were finally satisfied that it was good enough to publish One would be foolish indeed to ignore such a goldmine of information The Chinese communists who conquered Tibet are also dedicated to a cause They too are obsessed with getting a message across Moreover they have the enormous advantage of being on the spot in control of the educational system For anyone interested in understanding current Tibetan publications the necessary clues are to be found in Chinese cribs---or in the special glossaries that accompany translations of Marxist texts One could spend a lifetime plowing through the Kanjur and Tanjur i e the sacred literature of Old Tibet and end up incapable of reading editorials---or even telegrams---in this new ersatz Tibetan On the other hand the lexicographer is bound to run into dictionaries glossaries or private files of dubious value Again the tipoff is to know something about the author Was he a language bum r making quick trips in and out of one language after another Or was he only interested in one sUbject e g mathematics zoology botany religion entomology ichthyology folklore etc Where did he get his information By asking informants whose knowledge of English was minimal or who were so anxious to please that they would agree immediately with all his conclusions I know of one lexicographer who regarded camel Jri vers as a prime source of info rmation Well if camel dr-ivers are anything like truck drivers I wouldn't put it past them to take a malicious delight in pulling the leg of an inquisitive foreigner Now let me get one thing straight I am unalterably opposed to the notion of a general dictionary as a dumping ground for every card file glossary or dictionary in sight I believe that lexicography is primarily a process of Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 12 ---c oo __ DOCID 4009705 _- - - - T _ -------- --------- I selecting or rejecting information contained in all available lexicographical sources plus the author's own experiente in the language At this point I agree completely with Professor Krueger that the lexicographer should read extensively in the target language selecting words phrases and examples of usage as he goes along with special care taken to record the precise source of everything extracted If challenged he should be able to say That's where I got it You take a look and tell me what you think ' It pains me to bring this up but I think it not unreasonable to assume that the lexicographer is well enough versed in the other language to check his own ideas in native dictionaries It is one thing to base everything on what a lot of foreigners have said that a particular word means It might be quite revealing to discover how natives define the same term in their own tongue Above all it is imperative for the lexicographer to know exactly what he is trying to do Don't leap on your horse and ride off in all directions Ask yourself ''WhJPY am I compiling this dictionary f is going to use i t--and for what purpose ''Will it meet the specific needs of NSA linguists Is this the most practical format to follow in order to achieve my stated aim Are you trying to please some entrenched clique or other because you are afraid of hostile criticism If so you had better forget the whole thing because you are bound to be clobbered by someone---and perhaps unfairly Life is like that You can take your lumps if you believe in what you are doing and give it your very best effort Hemember that you will never have enough time to do as good a job as you would like Inevitably your pUblished dictionary will contain mistakes but don't be disma r' There will be plenty of kindly souls around to point them out to you If it turns out that you are wrong admit it---and thank the person who spotted the error AlSO make sure that an errata list is distributed to all users of the dictionary your This is vitally important because I insist that the lexicographer must stand back of his product personally He can select useful information from any source but he must form a value judgment on each item selected---and answer for it This does not guarantee that he will be infallible but it will keep him honest I hope that no one gets the impression that I think that a large general dictionary should be compiled by one person single-handed That is almost too much to expect of mere mortals The eclectic method Which I support does not require that all contributors be dead Considering the magnitude of the task a joint effort is highly desirable---so long as someone assumes responsibility for the overall product Also there is no great virtue in trying to do everything by hand Make an imaginative use of the computer Think of it however not as an insatiable monster requiring constant feeding but as a faithful servant who will save you an enormous amount of labor 1 The Mongolia Society Bulletin Vol XII Nos 1-2 1973 page 53 2 Buck Stuart H Tibetan-English Dictionary with Supplement the Catholic University of America press Washington D C 1969 3 Les Missionnaires Catholique du Thibet Dictionnaire Thib tain-Latin- Francais Hongkong 1899 UNCLASSIFIED 1 Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 13 I DOCID 4009705 ANG'UAGE 7 byl EN i WS' - TH iIiiIIIIiiIIiII It's quite possibZe that some of oup peadeps have missed the foZZowing items CRYPTOLOG aaaopdingZy peZays them as a pubZic sepvice to NSA Zinguists AFRIKAANS The Union of South Africa recently banned its first Afrikaans book Government censors had previously banned many books in English but never had occasion to suppress works in Afrikaans usually because people who wrote in that utCh-related language stuck to traditional themes or topics approved by the government However Andre Brink recently wrote a book called KENNIS VAN DIE AAND Knowledge of the Night about a black actor's love for a white girl his attempts to establish a theater with a message for black people his torture at the hands of security police and his conviction for murder Some people describe the book as trash and evil while others compare it to Solzhenitsyn's exposes of Stalinist repression Brink is working on an English translation so you may soon have a chance to judge for yourself AMERICAN INDIAN LANGUAGES The Wisconsin Native American Languages Project is an undertaking funded by the Great Lakes Inter-Tribal Council Inc to involve speakers of Wisconsin Indian languages Ojibwa Potawatomi Menomini and Oneida in the application of linguistics to the analysis study and teaching of native American languages ARABIC Is becoming one of the official languages of the United Nations along with Chinese English French Russian Spanish because several Arab states agreed to meet the entire cost of expenses entailed in installing additional sound booths in all conference rooms and channels for interpreters and the hiring of additional personnel -- $8 300 000 for the next three years t1 t CHINESE The government of Hong Kong recently passed a bill making Cantonese Chinese an official language of the Crown Colony alongside English Now leaders are busy trying to o draw up programs to improve the standards of the language spoken and to get the government to use simple Chinese in its communications with the public avoiding esoteric and outmoded terms It has also been suggested that Mandarin should be declared equal in status with Cantonese FRENCH The government of Quebec after years of controversy and debate finally proclaimed French the official language of the province Of Canada's 22 million people 6 million speak 'French 5 million in Quebec and the rest in the other 9 provinces Despite government emphasis that Quebec's 13% English-speaking minorityi s rights would be respected many people worried about having their children forced into French-speaking schools The matter became an issue in last July's election which bilingual Pierre Eliot Trudeau won Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 14 P L 86-36 DOCID 4009705 The French-speaking people of Switzerland's Jura region after 159 years of trying finally won a battle for separation from the predominantly German-speaking canton of Bern The Jura along the northern border with France had been attached to the canton of Bern in 1815 but by a surprisingly close vote 36 802 to 34 057 the Jurassiens 'voted in favor of making Jura Switzerland's 23d canton and the sixth with a French majority The capital of the new canton will be Delemont SWITZERLAND HEBREW Many of the babies born in Israel during and right after the October 1973 war were given names connected with the war fronts and Yom Kippur the day on which hostilities began Thus there will be a new crop of Israelis bearing names such as Golan Golana Sinai Sinaya and Miah from the initials of the phrase MILCHEMET YOM HADIN War of the Day of Judgment Since the cease-fire brought about by the shuttle diplomacy of the US Secretary of State a number of newborn Israeli baby boys have been named Henry Kissinger Cohen Henry Kissinger Goldberg etc ' ' ' LYCIAN An archeological team recently unearthed a 4-foot 4-faced limestone tablet in southern Turkey with inscriptions in Lycian Aramaic and Greek Scientists have compared the find to the Rosetta Stone because with it they may be able to unlock the mysteries of Lycian an Indo-European language spoken in southwestern Asia Minor back in the 5th and 4th centuries BC POLISH When Archbishop Agostino r asaroli Vatican Secretary of State went to Warsaw to confer with the Polish Foreign Minister it led to speculation that diplomatic relations may soon be resumed The Archbishop even spoke some Polish while there Let God guard Poland and lead it to great and happy goals he said adding NIECH ZYJE POLSKAl Long live POland SPANISH Mexico City's mayor thought it was getting so one couldn't tell whether one was in Mexico or Manhattan so he banned English-language commercial signs in an area visited largely by American tourists The mayor might have experienced the same disorientation of locale had he toured Manhattan's Spanish-speaking upper East Side SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE The Library of Congress recently issued a document entitled Latin America Spain and Portugal An Annotated Bibliography of Paperback Books a list of 1 512 inexpensive paperbacks currently available It supersedes an earlier 1967 bibliography that was restricted to Latin American works and includes travel guides grammars readers dictionaries and textbooks Spanish Portuguese The cost is a mere 75c and you can order it from the Superintendent of Documents Washington DC 20402 RUSSIAN The emblem chosen for the patch to be worn by the astronauts participating in the joint US-Soviet space mission in 1975 will include Cyrillic lettering The Russian word SOYUZ union unity will appear on it along with the English word APOLLO The mission names will encircle a drawing of the two spacecraft docked together above the world I SWAHILI Kajiga Balibutu a priest in the African country of Zaire formerly the Belgian Congo recently completed and published a 700-pag Swahili dictionary Unfortunately the report from Azap the Zairese news agency didn't specify whether the work was a bilingual dictionary or was entirely in Swahili but our guess is the latter Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 15 -- _ __ - ----- - DOClD 4009705 A LONG HARD LOOK ATIJ ' Intern Irogram 1111965 NSA started an Intern Program designed according to the Personnel Management Manual to provide the quantity and quality of professional personnel required to perform effectively the professional work functions of the Agency The PPM further states It was not too long however before hints of reality began to creep into this rose-colored picture For one thing if this was to be a management-training program where were the management courses Most panels do not require management courses some include one and none so far as I know make an attempt to in An intern program provides the mechanism clude on-the-job training in management For through which an annual input of pre-proanother thing while the panels have often refessional personnel with appropriate qualferred to interns as a select group as does ifications will be broadly trained in line the PMM description their sheer numbers diswith current and projected needs of the count claims of much selectivity to date Agency as well as the participants' imover fifteen hundred interns have entered the mediate and long-range career goals The program goal of each intern program is to assure I concluded some timr ago that the real that high-quality pre-professionals are purpose of the program was to train new hires carefully selected initially trained of average or slightly above-average potential and given a proper variety of job assignto be competent technically in one of the ments to prepare them for filling proAgency's career fields I say average or fessional positions in a particular slightly above because the admission requirecareer field ments of most of the panels require a Staten In view of the budget cuts that the Agency score of 5 in the appropriate CQB Career Qualhas taken in recent years and the resultant re- ification Battery category Such a score indicates what the Personal Management Manual strictions in hiring a Special Task Force was describes as average test performance and appointed last year to study the intern prowould place that person in the middle of a bellgram and to recommend whether it should or should not be continued While I would not dis- curve distribution of test scores As a preagree with their recommendations that it should dictor of success in that field it indicates be continued I would recommend certain changes that the person has approximately a 55 percent chance of performing above the average f r a on the basis of my experience as an intern and total test group composed of all NSA employees graduate and applicants If I had a lot of faith in CQB scores as predictors of success and did view the intern program as a highly 'selective one I Promulgation of Program Philosophy would require a Staten of 7 in the appropriate category indicating that the candidate's perI do not believe that many of the interns formance was distinctly above average and that or line supervisors are aware of the intern he had scored better than 84 percent of the program philosophy as it is stated in the PMM people taking the test In fact I had never read that description beIt seems that the PMM statement about the fore I began this paper and I doubt that the program's supplying input to career fields recruiters who interviewed 'me and some of my ' based on current and projected needs was not contemporaries had read it taken very seriously by the panels or by the The version that we heard went something operational elements If it had been would the like this Most of the Agency's top managers Agency now be faced with the current skill inwill be eligible for retirement in the early balance Some of the operational elements 70's The Intern Program was created when the tended to use the intern program as a billet Agency realized that bright young people would savings bank which could be added to or taken be needed to fill the gaps left by these from as other needs dictated Since then diretirements rect control over those billets has been taken Now not even in our naive and brash youth from them UnGBPortunately however it appears did many of us imagine that managers from Dr that panels are still being encouraged to supply Tordella on down would anoint us to be their graduates for fields currently over strength successors but it did seem that we were going The Study Group which reviewed the program last to be groomed for great things and some of the year recommended that interns currently in the first interns accordingly dubbed themselves program who are training for skills that are FSG's Future Super-Grades in excesS-in the new TO be immediately evalu Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 16 DOClD I 4009705 ated by ADPS for redirection to other career fields where vacancies exist Instead of redirecting interns in such programs M3 is continuing to recruit new hires for overstrength fields on the theory that every field needs new blood How will these new hires react to the knOWledge that they are being trained for a field in which the Agency already has a surplus of personnel and that they may be without a billet when they graduate or that after spending three years in training for one field they may be asked to retrain in another After nine years of program operation it is time to make sure that recruiters supervisors interns and panel members have a common and realrstic picture of the program philosophy Recruitment j If I were recruiting for NSA I would firs of all recruit high school graduates for many of the jobs now identified for college graduates There are many jobs at NSA which involve very routine procedures and in the past there has been a tendency to use college graduates for some of these jobs The philosophy behind this may have been that they would be more aler to new techniques that could be used but I sus pect it was more likely the result of the nowfading obsession with hiring college graduates for all jobs But just as the outside world has come to appreciate the importance of the trade and technical school graduate the Agency shows signs of beginning to appreciate the high school graduate It is time to take a close look at some of our jobs and determine exactly how complex the duties are and what type of educational background really is needed As far as college graduates are concerned where there are people already trained on the outside I would hire those people rather than trying to create a data systems analyst out of a psychology major and I would not try to fashion an Arabic linguist out of an English major until I had checked to see if some of the linguists that Uncle Sam had trained and then turned loose were interested in Agency employment Nor would I hire a person because he had a specific skill and then give him an option to use or not to use that skill A friend of mine scored straight 7's on a scale of 9 on the Russian test but when she came on board she was given a choice of several internships and selected Data Systems a military convertee who had been trained in two scarce-skill languages at Uncle Sam's expense entered the Special Research Program I don't mean to imply that if you are hired in one field you should be required to spend the next 30 years in that field but I think you should at least be initially assigned to a position that makes use of your background A note on military personnel who wish to convert I have known a number of such people w o had a sincere interest in converting but were reluctant to try because of the polygraph Since the polygraph is forbidding even to people like me who were raised in a rather protected pre-drug pre-coed-dorm environment and have backgrounds that could probably be checked out in an afternoon it is not surprising that men and women who have been in the military and who have not been in such a protected environment should have considerably more qualms about it Other than drugs and sex a major problem seems to concern the discussion of classified material Although supergrades can be heard discussing such material in the halls--and if the tables at the 602 could talk KGB agents would probably feel guilty about collecting their checks-civilians with but rare exceptions do not have to face the polygraph again However the enlisted man who wants to convert knows that he will be asked something to the effect Did you ever divulge classified information While he knows that he has not diVUlged it to unauthorized persons he also knows that his mind will go back to conversations in the NCO club in Turkey or the NSA cafeteria that MS would not have endorsed and suspects that he will react to tije question I think that MS must be realistic in dealing with such people as compared with college hires who have only been exposed to classified material via James Bond Perhaps they are realistic--but the potential convertees do not know that so some elect not even to try to convert Related subject I suspect that the testing battery and other screening devices used by M may be producing a population that is too homogeneous Well-rounded people are good company but people with a bias in one direction often provide the spark that all round good fellows cannot Does it really matter if a superb linguist almost did not graduate because of trouble with math Or that a computer whiz would never pass a Dale Carnegie course Or that a firstrate signals analyst has problems with grammar and a girl in every port Admittedly we cannot have thousands of brilliant but querulous technicians but there must be a middle ground and this is where personality and aptitude tests could be put to better use It would be worthwhile for instance to give the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory the Kuder Occupational Preference Test and others to a hundred outstanding crypt- analysts traffic analysts linguists etc there is a very good chance that personality patterns associated each profession would emerge The Agency relies heavily on aptitude tests but the fact that a person scored well on the language aptitude test does not necessarily mean that he will be a good transcriber--that he has the temperament that will enable him to sit at a position eight hours a day with earphones on Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 17 ---------------------------- ------ DOCID 4009705 Such tests would be especially helpful in evaluting liberal arts graduates I am told that in the early years of the program about one college recruit in five expressed an interest in personnel work -- usually because he was disenchanted with his assigned field Naturally Personnel cannot absorb all those interested I do not think this disenchantment with the technical side of NSA is unusual or surprising considering the number of liberal arts graduates with no directly related skills who are recruited Many of the people who came in with me had majored in English History Political Science Psychology and Sociology and had a bent of mind that is not needed or even useful here To me and my friends for instance numbers that show attrition rates by college major would be fascinating whereas numbers that show a station's frequency usage for the month would not It is true that we can cultivate an interest in this just as we can learn to take frequency counts but the traffic analyst or -the cryptanalyst needs a special insight or interest that we do not have and the Agency woul be better o f training someone whose natural bent is in that direction The recruiter who interviewed me made a rather feeble attempt to see if I had the type of personality required for CA work by asking if I liked crossword puzzles Sure was my enthusiastic reply Much later when I really thought about that question and understood why it was asked I realized that I hadn't worked a crossword puzzle since the eighth grade but I wasn't consciously lying when I gave that answer I think you will find that a recent college graduate who is jobless has an openminded interest in almost anything that seems to interest the interviewer If he had asked When was the last time you worked a crossword puzzle from start to finish and Have you ever tried to figure out what was wrong with the family radio when it didn't work he might have gotten a closer indication of where I would--and more important --where I would not fit in at NSA The Agency could devise a preference test to determine what interests applicants have that might suggest an adaptability for NSA professions e g Rank the following subjects in the order in which you would prefer to take them Translation Math English Philosophy Psychology Programming Music Sociology It would also be helpful to ask the potential employees what they think they might be doing at NSA based on knowledge of the Agency they have acquired through open-source publications etc Like many recruits I had a mistaken notion of what I might do at the Agency I thought I would probably be researching and preparing biographies on foreign personalities After hearing my idea had he asked the recruiter probably would have been wise to refer me to CIA In some ways the recent budget cuts almost have a bright side so far as recruiting is concerned The Agency no longer needs droves of new employees As result there is no reason why an applicant should be hired who is not exactly the type of person we want and need The number of college seniors taking the Professional Qualification Test the Agency's first screening tool was still high the last time I heard the job market is tight and NSA offers a good starting salary so there is no reason why we should settle for second choices Next issue Selection and Orientation UNCLASSIFIED AN EVITORIAL NOTE We br NSA have had too utU e cLi Ac u 6M on--in plWLt--06 c ontJtoveJL6w -U ue 6 -u e tL6y to Jee why In the woltld at f aJz ge the WJUteJt on vUou 6 qUe 6 ti OM WOIL u wU h c oM u1vr a ble 6lLeedom Subject oniy to h i6 c oMUenc e and the dema rr d1J 06 tJr uth he c an hew to the we a n d let the c hipJ 6all wheJte they may In NSA howeveJt we Me a c f o-6ed c ommwUty the we ItWI 6 c lo-6e to home and the c hip-6 inev aa bly 6ail on Ou IL c oUeague 6 Ou IL c hie6-6 OUlL6ef Ve 6 and d Th i6 -u a glLeat inhib itOlL 06 c omment and c oMec tion 16 d weJte oniy p0 6-6-i ble we have thoug at -60 me time to cLi Ac u 6J the moblem a paJr t 6Mm the peopte But even - -6 I am w tf t ing to take the c Orr -6equenc e 6 0 my woJLd-6 - and the icy wind that may theJtea6te IL blow 6Jr om the 6Jr ont 06 Mce it w ili look a-6 i6 I'm getting at Phil oJr Liz and I don't tU tnt that at ail To alleviate th i6 J-i tua ti on CRYPTOLOG invde 6 -i n60lLmed a n d thought6u l cLi ACu 6-6 Orr -6 06 c uMent -UJUe 6 wU h oJr wU hout a n a u thOlL'J pJeudonym All e xpf a ined on page 21 and a-6 Jr equ-i Jr ed by ail JeM Ou 6 pubUc atiorr -6 theW'tite IL mu 6t u1err t 61J hi nr 6ef 6 to the er UtOJr but maY'Jr eque 6t anonr pnU y in pJUnt So give you IL c ount41J the bene6d 06 IJOu IL vie w6 Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 18 ---'- _---- ----- DOCID 4009705 c 1961 I ' nce upon a time there was a rich and generous king named Eusyb who dwelt in a tower of purest ivory He had one weakness-an inordinate craving for rich pastries of all sorts but especially for dark brown devil'sfood cake with thick fudge frosting which he demanded every Friday morning promptly at 0830 hours with occasional samples' on other days and he insisted that some always be available in the event that unexpected visitors should call Queen Deodi handled the funds and she was very frugal The royal baker Durensi found it most difficult to stay within the budget because of King usyb's weakness He sent his assistants to faraway lands to obtain the exotic materials needed for these confections and some of them were so closely heid by their owners that they could not be purchased at any price But Durensi and his assistants were faithful servants and they frequently obtained the needed goodies by stealth The scarcest commodity was cocoa which was needed to produce King Eusyb's favorite that dark brown devil's food cake Unfortunately the entire world's production was controlled by the wicked King of the North Ivan the Awful who jealously guarded his shipments and disguised the cocoa beans in every possible way He went to such lengths that Durensi and his men would sometimes find a single bean hidden in a whole wagonload of garbage 11 - ----' now he was fearful lest he lose technical continuity forget how to sort garbage lo e the assistants he had trained to run complicated sifters sorters slicers dicers and ricers He explained the predicament to his staff who made the following recommendations 1 Move the bakery farther away from Deodi's chambers 2 use some of the garbage which had been closely associated with cocOa beans as a cocoa substitute when there was not enough of the real thing available 3 convince the Queen that the men in faraway places did not have the equipment or the technical ability to extract the goodies from the garbage and 4 demonstrate to King Eusyb that by noting the type and quantity of garbage collected the time and place of collection the direction of travel and mode of transportation it would be possible to keep tabs on the disposition of King Ivan's cocoa caravans Durensi was persuasive and before long all these things were done A new bakery was erected far from Deodi's chambers hidden in the wilderness where only the most loyal and dedicated assistants were willing to travel Fresh garbage began to arrive and soon the vast storage and processing areas were full to overflowing But Deodi became very upset as Durensi hired more and more assistants She suspected that much of the sifting was not producing any goodies and was being done only to keep the helpers on the payroll So Durensi hit upon So Durensi's assistants started intercept- another scheme he would get a superduper sifter sorter sli er dicer ricerwhich would ing all the garbage shipments they could find sift sort slice dice and rice a hundred and sending them home to their own land to be times as much automatically as all his manual sifted through and all went well until Deodi sifters sorters etc were capable of doing got wind of the project She was very wroth This would not only produce more cocoa beans and told poor Durensi that he must not waste it would reduce the tremendous backlog of garhis funds in this way or she would reduce his bage and prevent its building up in the future budget Durensi explained that he was only searching for cocoa beans to prepare King King Eusyb with visions of devil's-food Eusyb's favorite dish and the Queen finally cake with thick fudge frosting dancing in his relented However she told Durensi that he head heartily endorsed the plan Deodi too must not keep so much garbage in the royal was delighted seeing not only an opportunity castle and that his assistants must sift it to get rid of the accumulated garbage but also as close as possible to the point of intercept to reduce the number of manual sifter sorters sending home only the goodies which they found slicers dicers and ricers in the bakery But just when it seemed that Durensi's troubles Durensi complied but he was sorely troubled He had spent a long time and had in- were over he suddenly found himself worse off than ever Queen Deodi told him that he could vested much money in equipment and training not hire and train people to operate the new Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 19 P L 86-36 DOCID 4009705 equipment because he already had more assistants Not long afte ward unexpected visitors than he really needed At the same time King arrived at the castle They were King Ivan the Eusyb would tolerate no lag in the production of Awful and his warriors Just as they approached Queen Deodi was murmuring comfortably to her devil's-food cake husband You know dear our budget has cerMore garbage kept flowing in In destainly stretched a lot further since we got rid peration Durensi took some of his more exof Durensi and his smelly crew perienced workers off their jobs to train on the new equipment It was not enough The UNCLASSIFIED new equipment required more and more workers as it approached the operational stage This cut deeper and deeper into current production and the garbage collected faster than ever One day Durensi and all of his helpers were smothered under an avalanche of garbage from p St Martin's Altar In spite of these repairs the church was c 1840 in such poor condition that part of i collapsed when the roof was raised The contractors had to rebuild the choir and the side chapels where the altars are from the ground up There is a published report Moulart BaseaZes Esquisse reZigieuse hat the ancient altar of St Martin was sold or offered for sal at Basecles in 1843 Basecles a Belgian town near the French border contains the Church of St Martin which dates from 1779 and is considered the best product of the Tournai School Does the Moustier St Martin's altar come from Basecles Were both it and the Virgin's altar constructed in l843 Or does only the stonecutting date from that time Answers to these questions could have a bearing on the date of the Moustier cryptograms and their underlying message Like to try your hand at this puzzle Send your proposed solution to the Editor who will pass it on to the Oglethorpe Team which handles such problems for the Agency Cryptolo hopes t publish in a future issue an article about the workings of that group which some of us have heard of and some have not Meanwhile here are the inscriptions Good Luck VM G'fl'W' c RALG K TD Qt S'B N'T'EP lumr rVRV J' G'CKHVR LUaT PNIJ A L R NT S'XV C CT RAQ M The Virgin's Altar Lr GKRVQ NCLXBPDV YPZHNRtBD RNCC ZRP 111 'AN V 1 C M 1 JCRAPl N NAPVJHMA K ALDNXV L f' NJ CB XP EN L V N DAPN UNCLASSIFIED Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 20 10 DOCID 4009 05 _I I Your 0n 'bu'lon do ' not bav f to be typed we'll give prefer- ence to content over form every Though especially in t the case of a long piece the editorial eye will appreciate any effort you can make in that direction--garbles and strikeovers freely forgiven Do you happen to have a news item a coounent or a tip that is no more than a paragraph Or perhaps you have an article of several thousands words Long or short if it has something worthwhile to say we'll print it For your interest and guidance one page of typescript double-spaced makes about one column in CRYPTOLOG First-person articles or stories about your own experiences are welcome o long as they relate to our work See Busman's Holiday in the August issue fj 1 time J Something missing If you feel that your work or your interests are not being well represented in CRYPTOLOG it's p obably because you and your friends are not contributing The editors earnestly want to cover the whole territory but articles don't grow on trees y'know Somebody who knows the subject matter has to write them Want anonymity A thoughtful Need assistance p ece on a subject of interest to many readers will be conYou may have an idea sidered for anonymous publi- or some notes or even a half-finished paper cation if the writer requests it The writer that you feel has possmust however identify ibilities but you don't himself to the editor in an quite know what to do accompanying note or by a with A call to the personal call Needless to appropriate departmental say personal or trivial com- editor will get you a plaints will not be considered story conference and possibly inspire you to finish it up and get it into print Photographic illustrations can be reproduced at the same quality as those in the NSA Newsletter Sensitive materials No We'll go all the way to Top Secret Codeword but we have to draw the line at compartmented or otherwise exlusive sources Our deadline is theoretically the middle of the month the 15th of August for publication in October and so on but don't let that stop you if something good comes along on the 16th And anyhow this is a monthly publication if you miss this month's deadline you'll be just in time for next month's CRYPTOLOG See you Sep 74 CRYPTOLOG Page 21 ID 4009705 This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu