15IEW VV UJ 15WIE WUJVVIllWUJI1 rl l V l l15l l Un5 l lll OO15UllD15 f WUlW I1UlaJlD dAH- MAR 1981 86-36 SIGINT IN THE 80s TWO VIEWS U I Robert E Rich o o o oo o oo o 1 II William Lutwiniak o ooo oo oo oo oooo oo 4 KITTIWAKE U oooooooooooooooooooooooooo o J 7 HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR PROMOTI ON POTENTIAL IJ ooooooo 'i' 10 NSA-CROSTIC No 32 D H W i 12 TRANSLATOR IN YOUR POCKET U oooooooooooo J I i 14 SOME THINGS NEVER CHANGE U 17 NCS-CLA SYMPOSIUM U ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo io oooo 18 WHY DO THEY LEAVE U 19 I 'FIllS BOSf JMHN'F SON'Fl4 INS eOBfiWORB MA'ffiRtAb 6LASSIFIEB BY NSA 6SSM 123 2 REt lEW 9 1 '161 2811 Declassified and Approved for Release by NSA on '10-'1 2- 20'1 2 pursuant to E O '135 26 vl DR Case # 54778 DOCID 4019681 'fOP S CftE'f Published by PI Techniques and Standards for the Personnel of Operations VOL VIII No 1 - 3 JANUARY - MARCH 1981 PUBLISHER BOARD OF EDITORS Editor-in-Chief o David H Williams 1103s Collection o 1 Cryptanalysis 1 8555s 1 Cryptolinguistics o 1 Information Science 1 Language o o 1 49 2s 1 S981s IC3034S tS161s 5084 - - Machine Support o o 1 1 Mathematics IC8518s Special Research Vera R Filby 7119s Traffic Analysis Don Taurone 3573s For individual subscriptions send name and organizational designator to CRYPTOLOG PI TOP S gCa gT DOCID 4019687 8BEURRH SIGINT in the 80s Two Views SPOKE At the First Annual Symposium of the Communications Analysis Association held last year the keynote address was given by Mr Robert E Rich ADDO and the concluding remarks were presented by Mr William Lutwiniak then Chief Pl Techniques and Standards So that persons who did not attend the symposium may see the views-of two eminent agency managers on the future of SIGINT in the coming decade CRYPTOLOG is pleased to publish both of these addresses I Robert E Rich ADDO appreciate the invitation from your president to talk with you this morning as you begin your first conference although I suspect that the term Keynote Address is more akin to what Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan have been doing than to what we're up to here After all a keynote address is usually a long collection of rhetoric that doesn't have much to do with the real issues at hand It's just an upbeat thing to get people in the mood to do the hard work Forgive me if the rhetoric isn't up to the standard you've been hearing from the politicians In any case whenl asked me to help kick off this series of meetings it occurred to me that I wasn't really very sure what the expression 'communications analysis was intended to mean Having done a little research--although not much analysis--I think I've discovered that it includes a a fairly broad scale of the hardcore skills and activities that are most critical to our business It embraces cryptanalysis trafficanalysis language work and what we with the results of their inspirations usually call special research analysis and their expectations for the future that is the substantive interpretation of data that normally has been put into read U To help-you get started I think the able English So that covers a wide range most useful thing I can do is to share of-the specialities without which there some overall perceptions with you about wouldn't be any SIGINT product our state of health at the moment and U For the remainder of this mornto suggest some perspective about the ing and during tomorrow's sessions analytic function as it relates to the you'll be considering some of the other parts of the SIGINTprocess and important things that will be happening then finally to mention some trends for in the analytic environments of the next the future that will affect our prospects ten years Mainly these will have to do in analysis All of course from my own with better ways of doing analytic work vantage point since there isn't much absowith new tools or at least new applilute truth associated with these matters cations of technology And a lot of especially those which lie in the future that will have to do with the incredible First off I will suggest to you that potential offered by computers especially SIGINT now is in better shape than at any the use of computers in an interactive other time in our history By that I mean way--machine working with human analyst that'the product we're able to deliver is to solve problems or get results faster more useful to more customers than ever U You'll be hearing I think exclubefore And that includes customers of sively from members of our own community all kinds and at all sorts of levels the describing their own work and their own traditional ones in Washington like the ideas rather than from outside experts White House and State and DoD and CIA I mention that because I think we're too and a wide range of military commanders inclined to look to the outside in too in the field and also some newer custommany hard areas when we ought to be stimuers such as Treasury and Energy and Comlating our own people to come forward merce Day after day the SIGINT output I I Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page I i -SHeRET SPOKE P L 86-36 DOCID 4019687 TOP is useful to those g CR T Ul '18Rl DeoDle -fGr- The second thing that explains our CUr- rent success is the quality of our energetic work force The fact that we've got one that compares pretty well with other professional populations is partly luck and Partly management Luck because the na ure of thebusin ss attracts people of qual1ty it's both demanding and rewarding from an intellectual standpoint And when we've had to we've been aggressive about find i n 1 4 and hiring good people 'Somex arsago we o 0 c badly needed a coreofJirst-rate mathema- P L 86-36 ticians and w captured a good number who ar s1 illhere More recently we've needed numbers of linguists and by and large they have been found--not yet enough but more about that later But the point is that in addition to pretty good collection access we've had the advantage of an analytic core of people who have an insatiable curiosity and drive to solve he problem and a high order of intellectual discipline Taken together these are the main ingredients in our present state of health U Now all that may sound like preaching to the choir But it sometimes turns out that our people get so much engrossed in a particular speciality that they don't really appreciate the overall perspective of how well we're doing at the moment And I hasten to add that I don't want to overstate this because there are certainly improvements we need to make and keep making --the customers' appetite will always outstrip our ability to deliver And the present state of affairs is also fragile it could be dramatically changed by a number of things IS EG8 But the point I want to make here is that the reasons for this relatively healthy state of affairs are not accidental--certainly not the result of the targets getting easier justtheopposite is of course the case The reasons are complex and I would iust mention two of Jan-Mar 81 U But there's no reason for complacency about any of that The collection picture is constantly changing and the work force is always in a state of flux even if we have one of the lowest attrition rates in the federal government So we need to be constantly working to maintain a favorable balance Heavier demands are certainly going to be put on it in the future Which brings me to the next point--namely the trends and influences that are going to affectanaly ic work in the years ahead U The quality of crystal balls probably hasn ' t changed much over the years and mine isn't any better than most But I'd liketo suggest several things about our target environment that seem to me likely to corne about and then describe some qualifications that those things indicate for our analytic people -tEUR7- In the decade ahead I would think it almost certain that the Soviet Union will continue to occupy the predominant part of our energy And for reasons you all understand It's just hard to imagine an extensive enough change in the fundamental difference between the USSR and the United States during that period which might permit us to do anything very different CRYPTOLOG Page 2 'fOP SBeRIft' UMBR2 DOCID 4019687 SI36RI3'F SPOI 13 E6 66Q So these are factors that will influence the analytic enivronment of the future one way or the other There's another class of influences too that will be important but hard to predict An obvious one is the resource constraints we'll face I think we haven't fared too badly in percentage of Federal budget allocated for SIGINT in recent years We could do even better in the future but maybe not--it's hard to know Same thing with respect to technology The improvement in computer power in the past decade has been almost incredible If other similar breakthroughs occur in the next decade we could have great new opportunities for better analytic work But again it's hard to be sure 5 EEQ One thing however does seem certain And that is that regardless of improvements in machine capabili y good analysis will still depend on good analysts And what is a good analyst Some of the characteristics won't change--they'll be the same at the end of the coming decade as they've always been I already mentioned a couple of these great curiosity in approaching unsolved problems coupled with good intellectual discipline so as to avoid sloppy inference and unwarranted conclusions There are some others which will be more important in the future o multi-discipline skills--a linguist is a lot better off with an understanding of the cryptanalytic work underlying the decrypted text an SRA is better equipped EO 1 4 c P L 86-36 Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 3 SBEURRHf SPOKE - DOClD 4019687TOP SBCRB'F with some understanding of the target language This has been true for a long time will be even more relevant in the future as the need for flexibility grows the ability to deal comfortably with machine-assisted techniques to use computers to produce necessary data bases _direct familiarity where possible with target environment--by living there or at least by travelling in'the area Of course this isn't possible for some but could be for others -for some analysts a more comprehensive grasp of special technology and terminology nuclear proliferation advanced weapons sytems and the like -flexibility in changing from one target area to another We'll need to develop more of this attribute while still keeping enough analysts with long-term continuity on certain targets o responsiveness and objectivity in understanding customer needs appreciation for the growing complexity of collection arrangements so that analysis will be able to drive collection with maximum efficiency te eee The list can certainly be extended You will be thinking about some other important aspects of it during the course of this conference For the moment I'd like to leave you with the thought I mentioned a minute ago namely that regardless of how well we come along with technological progress such as increased computer power and regardless of how we solve the collection problem our success will still depend very heavily on the quality of our analytic work force It's critically important that we keep on acquiring young people who are excited by cryptanalysis people who can deal with traffic analytic problems people who have exceptional linguistic talent --and preferably some who can do several of these things well Only in that way can we hope to maintain anything like the healthy posture we enjoy at the moment U I hope your sessions at this conference are productive and stimulating to you all and I appreciate your attention this morning Thank you II William Lutwiniak Chief PI W hen Bill Nolte asked me to ring down the cur tain on this conference my first reaction was to demur but he suggested I look at the topics and read the abstracts already in hand before I begged off I did that and decided I could add some perspective to U where we are now and what the 80s bode for c011llllunications analysis I thought it might be useful for experts in PI to give me their notions of what's in the offing for the various cryptanalytic disciplines I also pondered over Bob Rich's opening address When I put all this together I found I had some things to say that may be worth listening to Tel EeQ We usually start with collection the sine qua non The technology affecting communication around the world is dynamic driven as it is by the need for more efficient transmission Satellite communications have been with us for some time and we cope with them daily more or less successfully more and more selectively But satellites w ll be going digital and domestic satellites are in the wings--boding point-to-point traffic in bursts of hundreds of millions of bits per second Multi-channel communications can look forward to electronic packet switching-tiny pieces of a transmission are switched electronically from channel to channel unpredictably unless you know the algorithms At the same time the spriralling costs of satellite communications have driven tech- Jan-Mar 81 nology to look again at the HF spectrum already saturated with a view to overcoming rnultipath jamming and other interference and of getting around the restrictions of the Maximum Utilizable Frequency Mixed up in this is something called the WARC World Administrative Radio Conference in which everybody argues about who owns which parts of the radio spectrum and under what conditions A dominant theme of WARC 79 was the need of the Third World for HF allocations to be provided by the advanced nations who are kind of balky at the prospect Advances in frequency hopping spread spectrum signals compression coding and other techniques make the HF spectrum much more usable than CRYPTOLOG Page 4 TOP SHeRRCf Ih IBbB 'MA 8QMnl'f' 811JatlNBhB QNhY DOCID- _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 'fOP StJCRtJI' before and considerably cheaper than satellite communications Needless to say Technology is the threat and technology has to be the answer for us We've got more and more computing power and it's getting cheaper every year A good thing too since we have fewer people and more targets and that won't change except to increase The computer is the key but we have to tame it so that it serves the analyst rather than the other way around This problem has been with us for some time we've been changing our technical lifestyle to live with the computer A smart fellow in PI points out that some time ago we stopped talking about analy is and began to speak of processing Think about the implications of that one for a minute W took the traffic away from the traffic analyst and put it in a computer and he couldn't get it out without going through middlemen The only way to tap the tremendous computer power to come-miniaturization smarter and smarter terminals personal portable computers is to make that power submissive to us analysts rather than for us to be dominated by it We've networked our computers creating some painful security headaches but we have created possibilities for a new analytic reach across problems and great opportunities for doing things we haven't even thought of yet against tarllets we don't j s-eeo The volumes in view on these vp 1 Jcnnw ' hnll1 1 __ Need it be said that jnaworld where computers become ore and more dominant analysts who understand how a computer does its thing and I'm not talking about programmers as such will find much to do all across the SIGINT process I EUR e - We haven't really come to grips standp01nt If there is anyone thing about the entire SIGINT prOcess that makes it so hard to exolain t%utsiders it is 'thp 5 eeS So one view of the 80s is that Wp e eeS I have listened to an analyst describe to me how one analyst 11 L I un u rence 1S all aDout isn't it Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 5 'FOP SHeRR'f JWIBhl3 q seMHl't' SIIAHHEt S 6Nta I jP L 86-36 iEO 1 4 c DOClD 4019687 SECRET and also take care of the technical feedback in the process Is he a misty-eyed dreamer But think of the skills training and experience that one person would have to possess That person is the analyst of the late 80s How do we bring about the species Just as nature does--by evolution S EEe That is not to say that the classical SIGINT disciplines won't continue We'll still need cryptanalysts traffic analysts collection professionals computer scientists linguists signals analysts and all the others But even these specialists will need to be versatile comfortable in more than one discipline comfortable with computers and microprocessors We need to get much better at handling plain language --automatic translation remains an elusive goal but much can be done in machine-assisted translation of the recorded word to improve the productivity of linguists The spoken word remains relatively intractable but I see real progress in the 80s in automatically selecting the probable best traffic to subject to the personal a tention of the transcriber The traffic analyst can already i f he is willing_ to learn how to get back his traffic and work his will with it The cryptanalyst has long since harnessed the power of computers 'but even he needs to fit microprocessors and personal computers into his lifestyle For any analyst there is an area of' research which commences after pencil and paper doodling and stops shOTt of getting to a terminal to order a computer to do something that is a sort of wasteland of abandoned ideas and aborted projects The personal computer has an important role to play here --t r- Bob Rich pointed out that our most important resource is the quality of our analytic workforce The technology that is and will be available in the 80s means little unless we use it effectively and imaginatively and it is up to this workforce to do just that It isn't as if we have any choice--all of us analysts must become more versatile and more ef- fective We've got to improve our quality because our quantity won't increase We must learn to use new tools and indeed play an active role in choosing and specifying those new tools We must find means to exchange information and document new analytic techniques This has always been a problem in the past but now we are evolving into a world of computer networks terminal sub-systems featuring mini-computers and microcomputers which will make up the analyst's SIGINT Target Station The old vehicles--C-Liners Dragon Seeds Saints--could be revived but will they do We're no longer talking about pencil-and paper techniques easy to describe and publish we're talking about how to choose from and apply a set of several programs and many modules which sort select reformat some subset of an analyst's own data base The techniques may involve specialized program language to retrieve and compare two fields of different records based on the contents of a third field flagging the records with shorthand code for further treatment How do we record publish and disseminate these How do we give each other the benefits of our own improvements The crystal ball is murky all one can say for certain about the 80s for the communications analyst is that they will bring challenges Only the dim shape of those challenges can be discerned but it is clear that we analysts will have to evolve into a SIGINT world far more automated and computerized than the one we have today The main challenge is to make automation and comp ters work for us analysts rather than vice versa And there is a challenge here for management it must foster the environment and climate to permit the evolution of a new species UNCLASSIFIED SOUITION TO NSA-CROSTIC No 31 From Q E D - 2 Hours 41 Minutes by Lambros D Callimahos NSA Technical Journal Fall 1973 Spencer Akins Letter to Birkhan ''Your letter indicates that the purpose of yOUT entering into cOllJmJI1ication with this office on the subj ect of the Kryha cipher machine is to make known its merits for consideration for use in the military service This device has already been well studied and I regret to advise was found unsuitable for adoption in the military service UNCLASSIFIED Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 6 8 CR T II HJQI I i lUI SQMUJ'f' 8IIAf4H13bS 6 Hb i SBCRR'f L 86-36 I T44 T he kittiwake is a small far-ranging gull genus Rissa native to the sheer cliff sh relines of Britain and named in imitation of its cry Its range at least in name will soon be extended I L 86-36 Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 7 EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d StlCRR'f IIAUBhE fA eer mi'f' 8fhHiNFlbS eN ' I 11 DOCID 4019687 SECRE'f P L 86-36 EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 8 S CRB'f IIANBhE ' fA eSPtUfl'F eIIANlcfELS ONLi SI3CRET CContinuedPow Pa -20 5 EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 9 S 8CR 8'f ni NBh13 'IIA 8efvnN'f' 8IIANNBh8 8flbY j I UNCLASSIFIED HOW TOIIiPROVE YOUR ROIIOTIOII POTENTIAL V he new Performance Planning Evaluation and Counselling program PPEC put into effect in January 1981 should make it easier for you to see what is in your records and to know what your supervisor expects of you However as with past systems A LOT WILL STILL BE UP TO YOU While the following suggestions won't guarantee you promotion they can help you stay ahead of whoever is in second place That statement and the following are my personal suggestions a First you must know what your job is and do it well keep your boss happy support your organization and be a conscientious dependable employee Competition is keen so you must go that extra step be a bit more creative work a little harder and produce a little more to stay ahead of your peers Second make sure your personnel records are accurate and current These records represent you during many important reviews as for instance when management is considering candidates for key positions or special assignments Also promotion boards select or reject people for promotion largely on the basis of the data contained in their records Pay particular attention to assuring that the following are correctly represented -Your education If you've received a certificate or degree of any kind since you entered on duty you must complete the Employee Education Record Form 4694 and forward it through channels to get that im portant achievement entered in your records This does not happen automatically If you've taken courses but have not received your degree be sure these are recorded -Your COSC and suffix If you are a supervisor - be sure the suffix is S -Your certifications Also be sure that you have the required combination of certifications and job title for your next promotion If in doubt check it out with your 'supervisor or personnel representative You should continue professional and selfimprovement activities such as education and training so that you will keep your mind active grow in ability and stature and improve your chances of being given increased responsibilities and promotions P L 86-36 P L 86-36 Performance Appraisals These ratings are very important in comparing competing candidates for promotion Be sure you do everything within your power to achieve the best ratings you can Also verify that your ratings are correctly recorded in the data base If you were rated in the top six percent be sure that is corectly recorded On the other hand if you find yourself in a situation where you cannot earn high ratings no matter how hard you try consider transferring to a new organization job or career field - Personnel Summary If these are required for your grade be sure yours is accurate and current YOU must prepare your Personnel Summary and keep it up to date making sure it reflects your current job achievements awards education overseas assignments and so forth For an excellent gUide read I rticle '''Some Tips on Getting Promoted in the December -1978 CRYPTOLOG Virginia's article has had a positive effect upon Personnel Summaries but it is unbelieveable how many senior people still neglect this important matter Third and finally you should consider the following list of general suggestions -Be conscientious and provide responsible and timely service to everyone you support -Continually search for and identify ways to improve individual and aggregate effectiveness - Be realistic and think positively don't spend a lot of energy finding fault or specifying reasons why something can't be done Rather find ways to excel in spite of obstacles -Do thorough and complete work Don't pass half-finished answers to your boss and others and expect them to do the work for you 'Always try to do professional highquality work -Take the initiative in doing things which must be done don't wait for someone to get you started Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 10 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED work put the organization's goals ahead of your personal goals - Keep your boss posted on things you think he should be aware of He should reciprocate -When you have questions or problems or you aren't sure what's expected discuss these concerns with your boss _support your boss in solving the organization's problems - Meet deadlines and let people know i f there are obstacles which may prevent that -Create a good image for yourself and your organization -Be a good team member involving others training and helping them recognizing and using their strengths and tolerating or helping eliminate their weaknesses -Be sensitive to the needs and limitations of your audience Know when it is necessary to summarize or simplify things so that busy people can look comprehend and know what we want them to do so that they can act quickly -Be a company-person while you are at -And very important as a first order of buisiness on any new job train yo own repZaaement Not only does this insure the presence of someone who can back up your work in your absence out it also leaves you free to accept a new assignment--possibly a step up-with minimum inconvenience to the organization You may wish to add items which are important in your particular situation but which have not been included here I am tempted to close with Good luck But I am confident that you won't need much luck to get promoted if you make a serious effort to follow these suggestion Moreover these ideas should help you to continue to earn your true economic worth quicker than most The following foreign-language films are scheduled for showing to interested Agency personnel These presentations which are jointly sponsore by the Crypto-Linguistic Association and t e Nat ona Cr p- tologic School are shown in the Fr edman Aud tor um at 0930 hours on the days indicated The films are unclassified Thursday 14 May Wozzeck German Thursday 25 June Border Street All personnel are invited to attend Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 11 UNCLASSIFIED Polish DOCID 4019687 UNCLASSIFIED This puzzle uses cryptic definitions puns anagrams constructions etc If you are not familiar with this form call CRYPTOLOG on 11035 and you will be sent a oft6afi 1- tions of this type CoM luckf by D H W A Put away the swords Heather said B Ornithogalum thyrsoides 2 wds 92 76 113 146 155 143 250 54 4 79 163 88 106 12 176 C Surrey town located above u S Marine D Twins age fast at new museum 2 wds E And so he mediates twice near The tides that wash on old Algier 2 wds F Head of Metro and DDE visit Douglas G Get Helen Kennedy H Does it hurt I laugh 2 wds 164 -6- 91 63 186 223 107 128 I Hilaire Belloc hero usually has yellowish hue J Twenty-four hours ago he was a steady rye drinker K Wrapped in the wads of bandage L Not on hand M It's the wonderful lather we feel leads to such a state of perfection comp N Bonnie - - 2 wds O Wearily I left to see my solicitor P Disregard Q Double checker of a tergiversation 15 R Restive not asleep var Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 12 UNCLASSIFIED 119 132 239 24 60 199 DOCID 4019687 UNCLASSIFIED s I J Worse than a vile sea monster T Indian town for two idiots u Large ice sheet in Antarctica var 2 wds V To make the stout weed tender he boiled it longer than anyone else W I betrayed him when I saw him swipe a cheddar cheeee x Smelly seat in church Y Remark directed at Dr I Q 8 wds z 126 165 196 The salamander went home 221 120 --- j4 38 II 51 13 44 ill 249 21 Deye10p a large state in the mind 134 7 J Y 9 C Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 13 UNCLASSIFIED 10 R DOCIO 4019687 UNCLASSIFIED TR fH S lflT fR _ _ _Ipm ow that personal computers are a household item and hand-held calculators are being held by almost every hand it has become inevitable that hend-held language '''translators'' should be vying for their share of the market They claim to ease the problems of travel in foreign lands But what can these electronic translators actually do and are they worth the investment First let's note that the word translator is used rather loosely The device won't replace a human being skilled in the languages of interest For most purposes it won't even replace a pocket dictionary But it may be a useful tool for vocabulary drill pronunciation grammatical review conversion or checking the waiter's addition They also function as conventional arithmetic calculators The general format is a hand-held battery-powered microprocessor-driven device into which one or more programmed modules may be inserted A keyboard permits the entry of alphabetic and numeric characters as well as a few special characters A small selection of modules usually containing one language or one language pair per module is available with he introduction of the device additional modules are introduced later as they become available Several modes of entry are possible ewords may be spelled out one letter at a time and entered into temporary memory to build a phrase or sentence N ehigh-frequency phrases or partial phrases may be keyed in esequences of words may be searched to find a specific word or as a vocabulary drill Built-in phrases have the advantage of being grammatically correct but of course their number is limited The number of distinct words although larger than the number of phrases is also quite restricted especially as compared to a pocket dictionary P L Furthermore the meaning selection is restricted to a single word and no attempt is made to achieve grammatical correctness as the words are used in a stream This can best be illustrated by discussing the ind'ividual translator models There are three currently on the marketthe Lexicon LK-3000 by Nixdorf the Craig MlOO and the Texas Instruments Language Translator Sharp Co has a model with about fiVe ti es the word capacity of the others which y be introduced in the United States in the near future The Lexicon was the first on the market and is currently the one with the widest array of language modules The keyboard contains 26 letters a space key and an upper case cap lity for ten digits eight special characters and nine special-purpose keys There are six function keys ea function key f used predominantly with modules other than language modules a clear key clr used to halt one process and begin another ea backspace key bs used to delete characters one at a time when entering a word or to reverse the direction of translation after pressing the clear key an open dictionary key used to search alphabetically through the words in the dictionary a step key stp used to enter the words of a phrase into temporary memory before a word is admitted to temporary memory the di tionary is searched if the word is not in the dictionary the user ay try to substitute a word that is in the dictionary 1rhis key is also used in conjunction with the open dictionary key to step through the dictionary one word at a time Forexaaple to find the English words and phrases beginning with I press I then 1 then stp The phrases I am I am hungry I am in a hurry and so forth will appear in sequence with each suc- Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 14 UNCLASSIFIED 86-36 - ------- - ---- ------ ------_ - DOCID 4019687 UNCLASSIFIED cessive press of stp To obtain the translation of one of these phrases press -the definitign key def used when the word phrase or sentence is complete to give the original and its translation A few idiosyncrasies can be illustrated with the English-Portuguese module Suppose the following words are entered into the temporary memory by pressing the stp key following each word which causes each word to be looked up indiVidually YES stp I stp WANT stp DINNER def The translator will deliver YES I WANT DINNER SIM EU QUERER JANTAR progressively across its screen But if the words I WANT are entered as a phrase YES stp I WANT stp DINNER def the result is more grammatical YES I WANT DINNER SIM EU QUERO JANTAR The practiced user will learn the phrases which are available in order to take advantage of this feature Sometimes words are available only in Portuguese For example when entering the phrase QUE HORAS SAO one word at a time the user discovers that HORAS and SAO are not in the dictionary But when entering it as a phrase that is without a stp after each word the user reads QUE HORAS SAO WHAT TIME IS IT 'Its limited vocabulary will be one of the biggest frustrations for the user There are about a thousand vocabulary items each word and each phrase counting as one item Travelers with children for example may well wonder why pizza and beer are included but milk is not A cursory grammatical summary attempts tp acquaint the user with the vagaries of the foreign language it's probably better than nothing at all but that's about the most that can be said for it The Lexicon's memory is arranged in English word order Stepping through vocabulary words that begin with the same letter or letters is very prompt when in the English mode In the foreign-language mode however there are frequent pauses during which the device advises SEARCHING Bilingual modules currently available ar between English and Spanish French Italian German Polish Portuguese and Greek with Swedish Russian and Japanese in preparation Also available is a Person to Person module which according to the manufacturer con- tains fun social vocabulary in six languages Introduce yourself suggest a game of tennis make a dinner date in any combination of English Spanish French German Italian or phonetic Greek There is also a calculator module which turns the LK-3000 into a sophisticated fivefunction calculator with memory memory-plus and memory-recall functions For the benefit of world travelers this module also provides conVersions for metric units and for foreign currencies Finally the Lexicon can provide a filing system module and a personal program module The latter permits the user to create his own small IOOO-character dictionary and to retrieve stored data based on a search key The Craig MIOO has similar features with a few-extra bells and whistles Instead of bilingual modules it offers singlelanguage capsules three of which may be inserted and made accessible at anyone time Each capsule contains about 1200 words or phrases Expanded memory capsules with over 2000 words apiece including verb conjugations and case endings are now being introduced The keyboard allows for 26 letters a space ten digits and ten special characters The bottom cover of the MIOO has two lists--one of complete phrases and one of partial phrases each identified by a single letter When the PHR key is pressed once followed by the appropriate letter one of the complete phrases will be displayed Depre sing PHR twice followed by one of the letters yields the corresponding partial phrase The phrase will then be displayed in the language of interest by pressing one of the language selection keys Words may be entered one letter at a time and may be used in conjunction with the phrase and partial phrase inventories The capability to select from various meanings of a word is included For example WATCH CLOCK and WATCH SEE are both possible The user chooses the one desired In order to determine what the choices are the user presses the SCH key after spelling the word WATCH The same procedure can be used to find the correct spelling of a word Words are held in memory until the user presses the Language Selection Key desired In addition to the capability to search the memory alphabetically it is also possible to search it categorically using the LRN key For example the sequence Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG o Page 15 I1NCLA88IF1ED III Ii DOClD 4019687 CONPIBBN'fb b the screen or speed of search and learn functions CLR FAMILY LRN will yield e a rotate key ROT which causes the display to move across the screen FAMILY PARENTS FATHER ea search key SCH1 which starts or stops an alphabetical search of the file MOrnER HUSBAND U Even with no capsule in place the MIOO can perform simple calculations and basic metric conversions And fourteen common expressions can be evoked in four languages-English French Spanish and German U Capsules are currently available for English French German Spanish Italian and Japanese There is a Phonetic Pronunciation Capsule with which the user can now pronounce words in any translated language Other capsules in the works are Bar and Wine Nutritional Calorie Counter Spelling and various word games SU The M100 has the following ten function keys ea clear key CLR which clears the entire entry when the device is in translate mode when in calculator mode it clears the entry and returns to translate mode ea clear entry key C E which clears the entry in calculator mode but acts as a backspace delete key in the translate mode ea shift key SHFT which must be used before each keystroke when digit or special character is desire ean external program key EXT which selects the calculator program which is built in or a special purpose program e a phrase key PHR which starts or stoRs a vocabulary review by word category such as car train hotel sick and so forth e a fast slow key F S which is used to select the relative speed of automatic functions speed of motion of text across o a hold key HLD which allows the user to enter a word on the screen even if it is not in memory This is used for proper names and co ate words U In addition there are three keys which are used to select among the three capsules and another to select the built-in information U Texas Instruments has recently introduced its Language Translator which apparently has similar capabilities to those of the other two but with one added capability it will pronounce the words or phrases for you It is currently available with English French German and Spanish modules CU The translators list for between $120 Lexicon and $300 Texas Instruments but discounts are available Extra modules are $25 for the Craig and $60 for the other two U The question remains--are they worth the money Probably not if you expect to forego the standard ways of getting around in a foreign country such as dic ionaries language courses and the like But if you're gadget ppy if you like the idea of being the focus of attention while the natives ooh and ah over your electronic translator if you want to own an expensive calculator that does more than just calculate or if you have an eye on some of the special-purpose modules now being developed then perhaps you will decide to get a translator of your very own U And if you can't decide perhaps you Would like to try the Craig or the Lexicon which PI has avai1ab e for loan If so call the author on 11035 4 C SCer- POSTSCRIPf With regard to p PPliCatiOnS within the Agency for electTonic translators offets theroHowing observations Although there might not e a groundswell of interest in language translators qua language translators the ability to enter one's own data into them makes them very interesting indeed If they contained a small code book they could be used for quick look-Up of terms pr maybe callsigns or abbreviations or you-name-it R17 is currently in the process of modifying one of these translators to perform various COMSEC and other user-defined functions This research may open broad new vistas for analytic COMSEC or training potential Watch for more information about experimentation and don't hesitate to call with any ideas you have that you might want to try Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 16 CONflBtJN'ftAf IM'N8b8 Ii' 8ePiml'P 81 UP1BI 8 8Ntli P L 86-36 DOClD 4019687 UNCLASSIFIED J j We trained hllrdoooooo but i t seeaed that every time'we re beginning to torn up into teams we would be reorgnnized I was to learn later in life that ue tend to meet ny new situation by reoreanizing and tr wonderful method it can be for creating the illusion of proeres oooooo 11 i Petronius Arbiter 210 B C Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 17 'UNCLASSIFIED DOClD 4019687 UNCLASSIFIED NCS-ClA Symposium The National Cryptologic School and the Crypto-Linguistic Association are co-sponsoring a Language Training Symposium in May and June of this year At the opening session on 5 May following intorductory remarks by Lieutenant General Lincoln D Faurer Director NSA the keynote address will be given by Mrs Minnie Kenny Deputy Assistant Director for Training The symposium will present a broad spectrum of language training programs and perspectives featuring speakers not only from NSA and the Service Cryptologic Elements but also from the Defense Language Institute the Foreign Service Institute CIA the Marvland State Denartment of Education the Montgomery County MD Public Schools and the Congress of the United States Appropriately the final session on 12 June will focus on the methodology and techniques of evaluation of language training The Special Grou for Lingui tics SIGLING whose chairman isl Ihas invited a distinguished group of outside spea ers for the sympos um which will be the first of its kind ever held at the Agency All sessions will be held in the Friedman Auditorium Those in May will be open to everyone those in June will be for fully clea ed personnel only The schedule is as follows Tuesday 5 May 1300-1500 Welcome-I I Pril5i d t jp L Introductory Remarks- Lt Gen Lincoln D Faurer USAF Director Nationa l- Securify q Keynote Address Mrs MinJ lie Kenny D eputy Assistant Director for Training N$A Wednesday 6 May 1300-1500 The Russian Linguist cqUisitionprogram and the RQ a9ian Instruction ProgramJP16 NSA I Wednesday 13 May 0900-1100 A Congressional Perspective on the Language Problem-Hon C W 'i'Bill Young R Elorid Thursday 14 May 0900-1100 CIA Language Trainin Interview Testin Il ' ' '- -' ' ' ' Tuesday 19 May 1300-1500 FSI Language Training Program and Novel Approaches to Language Learning- Dr Earl Stevick Foreign Service Institute Department of State Two Perspectives on Language Training Academia-Mrs Marie S Rentz University Qf Maryland Maryland State Public Education-Miss Ann Beusch Thursday 21 May 1300-1500 Jan-Mar 81 o CRYPTOLOG o Page -18 UNCLASSIFIED 3 86- 6 DOClD 4019687 UNCLASSIFIED Tuesday 26 May 0900-1100 Defense Language Institute Training Program--Lt Col Roland W Fleming Jr Thursday 28 May 0900-1100 Total Immersion Language Study Spanish--Miss Louise Rosenberg Rock Creek Forest Elementary School Chevy Chase MD French--Dr Gabriel Jacobs Four Corners Elementary School Silver Spring MD Thursday 11 June 0900-1100 Language Training A Band G Group Perspectives--Speakers to be announced later Language Training The Service Cryptologic Element Perspectives--Speakers to be announced later National Cryptologic School Language Training--Speakers to be announced later 1300-1500 riday 12 June 0900-1000 1000-1100 Language Training Evaluation--Speakers to be announced later Why Do They Leave I lEi In recent years the language career field has commanded a great deal of attention by Agency manaaers and planners a great deal of folk wisdom has been generated to describe the various aspects of what-is generally referred to as the language problem The folk wisdom holds that linguists are fleeing the language career field at alarming rates for employment in toher career fields within the Agency and that this exodus occurs about the time the linguist reaches Grade 11 or 12 that is the professional level A recent survey of 63 linguists who have abandoned their language careers for other jobs within the Agency has provided some useful information on their views of language work in the Agency and also provides management with a more complete picture of the segment of the linguist population that is being lost The survey findings augmented by work force data supplied by M33l show that the exodus from the language career field may be more imaginary than real hen compared to other career fields but nevertheless they do cast new light on the problem from two standpoints--the seriousness of the loss and the reasons for the loss The seriousness of the loss of course lies in the fact that the vast majority of the linguists who do leave are the experienced ones the cadre so to speak They are not easily replaced and the loss of their expertise is felt in at least two vital areas the quality of the product issued and guidance to junior linguists The survey found that the linguist departing the field has an average grade of GGIO 4 with five or more years experience and that a full 48 percent has achieved the professional level that is has passed the Professional Qualification Examination in one or more languages Nearlyone-half of the linguists leaving the career field identified the lack of upward mobility within the field as the primary reason for leaving Even where this is not the primary reason it is the secondary reason for another 19 percent This would indicate that job dissatisfaction is not a major factor in their decision This view is reinforced by the statistic that Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 19 UNCLASSIFIED P L 86-36 DocrD 4019687 41 percent of the linguists responding to the survey stated that they would be willing to return to language work if the career advancement opportunities were improved while another 11 percent were undecided It is conceivable that if the conditions the linguists viewed as unsatisfactory were improved fully one-half of those currently departing the field would remain as productive experienced workers This view is further borne out by the responses of the linguists when asked how much longer they would have remained in the field if the conditions they viewed as untenable had been different Thirty-eight percent said they would have stayed two or more years the longest option offered on the survey form Only 13 percent reported that they would have left about the same time re ardless of conditions Another 40 percent were undecided This should be contrasted to the number of linguists who said that under current conditions within the language field they felt that they had made a wise choice in leaving Four-fifths of those responding said they felt they had made a wise choice and only one linguist felt that the decision was unwise The remaining respondents were ambivalent U The folk wisdom view that attrition among linguists is greater at Grades 11 and 12 is substantiated by the survey which goes on to indicate that the problem begins even earlier than Grade 11 It appears from the data gathered through the questionnaire that the problem begins in earnest around Grade 9 and remains constant throughout Grades 9 II 12 and 13 The linguists in these grades noted lack of advancement no promotions and dead-end field as primary reasons for their leaving Linguists in the lower grades were more apt to mention working conditions job dissatisfaction academic or professionalization problems and lessening enthusiasm for language work as primary reasons for leaving Nevertheless lack of promotions remains a concern even for linguists at Grade 7 U If any picture emerges from the foregoing it is one of frustrated employees On one hand the linguists enjoy the work and would like to continue in the field as a career On the other hand just when the linguists have been in the field long enough to have had the training and gain the experience that enables them to do the work in a professional mannaer and to pass their knowledge on to newer linguists they feel pressures forcing them out of the field if they are to continue to move upward in the organization Whether the pressures are real or imagi- nary and whether the linguists' positions in the organization are improved or not by their actions nearly 80 percent feel their position is improved the result is the same the 11nguists' expertise is lost to the Agency And this loss is a costly one Years of training time and thousands of training dollars have been wasted and the replacement linguists will require the same investment of time and money The language problem is less a language problem than it is a management problem Until a language career field is developed that offers or appears to offer equal advantages with the other career fields the Agency will have to suffer the loss of experienced linguists and recruit and train replacements for those who seek greener pastures elsewhere The management question which begs for an answer is U Which is more costly payirllJ the experienced UrlIJuist to perform 01' continually trainirllJ newer--and less experienced--lirllJuists to rep ce them when they Look ahead and see no futU1'B in their career teld The latter option is an illusory one The recently trained linguist is a replacement only in quantitative terms The loss of an experienced linguist represents a geometric loss not an arithmetic one Linguists are not interchangeable Experience is a vital attribute that should not be treated capriciously 5-Cee KITTIWAKE EO 1 4 c EO 1 4 d P L 86-36 Continued from Page 9 Jan-Mar 81 CRYPTOLOG Page 20 Pi-May 81-S3-393 8 ECR ET HkNBbl3 VIA 8SlvIlN'f 8HANPJ8b8 SNbY 7 8 a ht This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu