THIS FILE IS MADE AVAILABLE TH RDLIGH THE DEGLASSIFIG ATIGN AND RES EARGH THE BLAEH IS THE LARGEST FREEDGM DF AGTIGGVERNHENT REGDRD ELEARING IN THE THE RESEARCH HERE ARE FDR THE DEGLASSIFIGATIDN GF THDUSANDS DGGUMENTS THRGUGHDUT THE U FDRWARD THIS DDGUMENT TDUR FRIENDS EILJT PLEASE THIS IDENTIFTING IMAGE AT THE TDP IDF THE SD GTHERS MIDRE1 OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 1400 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON DC 20301-1400 PUBLIC AFFAITRS OCT 2 8 1995 Ref 96-F-1828 GP96-llOm Mr Mark Stevens Greenpeace 1436 U Street NW Washington DC 20009 Dear Mr Stevens 3 This responds to your September 13 1996 Freedom of Information Act FOIA request Our September 20 1996 interim response refers i The enclosed documents are provided as responsive to your request There are no charges for processing this request in 'this instance Sincerely H Passarella Director Freedom of Information and Security Review Enclosures A3gstated 'xJ Space Communications Architecture Development Overview Background The Space Architect was established 27 September 1995 by the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition and Technology to conslidate the responsibilities for space missions and system architecture development into a single organization I was directed that the immediate effort of the Space Architect shall be to develop a future Military Satellite Communications architecture which encompasses core DOD capabilities allied civil and commercial augmentation and global broadcast capabilities The DOD Space Architect will provide a set of alternatives to the Joint Space Management Board J SMB in July 1996 for their decision on the future MILSATCOM architecture The Joint Space Management Board J SMB was established on 13 December 1995 by the Secretary of Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence to ensure that defense and intelligence needs for space systems including associated terrestrial based are satisfied within available resources using integrated architectures to the maximum extent possible The Space Architect established a MILSATCOM Architecture Development Team ADT to develop Alternative architectures for a SMB decision in July 1996 Life cyclecost estimates for space ground and control systems Cost estimates and schedule opportunities for system transition Impacts and interfaces to other architectures Architecture Development Process The DOD Space Architect's MILSATCOM Architecture Development Team ADT is developing multiple architecture alternatives which will be refined into several distinct architecture constructs for detailed analysis and comparison These will be presented to the SMB in July 1996 for selection of the Single DOD space communications architecture concept The development process involves the engineers planners and war fighters as well as the senior managers of your organization In addition to support the significant and major architecture selection decision in July at the SMB the Space Architect will coordinate with the decision makers of organizations with interest or equities in space communications Joint Space Management Board AGENDA 103 0-1 035 Opening Remarks 1 03 5-1 040 Administrative Remarks Approval of Minutes Action Items MILSATCOM 1040-1045 Introduction 1045-1055 Role ofMilSatCom in DISN 1055-1 105 MilSatCom Requirements 1105-1205 MilSatCom Architecture Alternatives 1205-1225 MilSatCom Plan and Recommendation 7 1225-1230 Closing Remarks 7 7 Co-chajrs Exec See s Mr Davis - LtGen Edmonds Maj Gen Donahue MajGen Dickman 94 Mr Davis' Co-chairs WARWICFIEFEISEV PACE ARCHITECT Department - Space Communications Architecture 09 27 96 Scope Future Objectives 2010 2025 Transition Goals Strategies 2003 2015 Military owned operated MILSATCOM Commercially owned operated Commercial Other government systems National systems MILSAT COM Objectives 2010-2025 Provide assured secure communications - Right comm right user at the right time Information services driven From protected voice to Information Superiority Fully integrate with the DISN 3 Reduce communications footprint terminals radios antenna RF signature people etc 0 Be user friendly interoperable 09 27 96 egacy SATCOM 2003 -B and Med capacity 0Limited protection 0A proximately 1 000 terminals Vehicle ship sub fixed A Ka C Band Ku High Capacity Little protection Handhelds vehicles fixed FO-E aLow capacity 'No protection -l 000s of mobile terminals Man-ack shin-s aircraft - - Milstar ow-medium capacity 0 Witched protected survivable 0 proximately 1 000 terminals - anportable transportable fixed Current M1LSATCOM Satellite Inventory 100% Launch Success 1011 Durat 1881011 Mean LEP uucunuu lstar I II EHF GBS i ludes clude inc 111 junc Ad 1 Pola 52 cause 85 Calendar Year Gap analysis 70 09 27 96 C Ku Ka Military UHF Netted PCSM 09 27 96 Mobile Mili Airborne Complements Teleport National Relay Alternative Crosslinking Processing Switching etc High Capacity Service Development of MILSAT COM Objectives Develop Architecture Concepts Requirements Industry Analysis Opportunities Based Based Integrate and Combine Concepts Assess and Debate Alternatives Transition Strategies Goals and Objectives Recommendations SMB Direction i3 Objectives and Transition Roadmap 09 27 96 7 Requirements - Warfighters Vision CRD 09 27 96 Joint Coalition Interoperability Dominant Maneuver Mobile Wide area all echelons netted Precision Engagement Information driven sensor-to-shooter High Capacity Full-Dimensional Protection Secure AJ Assured Access Protected Survivable Focused logistics Smaller footprint airlift less manning and 09 27 96 Opportunities Breakthroughs in commercial SATCOM Higher power higher capability higher weight GEO Large constellations of simpler at lower altitudes Frequency reuse cellular on-board processing crosslinks Smaller low cost terminals Migration to Ka frequencies adjacent to military Ka Breakthroughs in related fields Slice technology Phased array antenna Information handling Acquisition Reform Alternative A Capitalize on investment Modernize current systems 09 27 96 own unique military Architecture Alternatives Alternative Press Technology Design for Info Dominance Alternative Retain core military capability Expand commercial role Look at complements UAV Alternative Commercialize MILSATCOM 10 A Modernized Performance Military Commercial Baseline Optimized Core Centered Performance Utility Green Blue Grit Yer Acquisition Risk Green Green Green 20 Year LCC FY96 93 $5513 09 27 96 11 a Commercial market will not support Mobile Netted Protected or Survivable communications services LCC of buying a system 1 2 the cost of leasing the same system Cost can be somewhat reduced with long-term leasing LoWest cost attained through procurement of a commercial-like system With military frequencies 0 Significant technology will be demonstrated over the next 5-10 years Switched crosslinked processed systems i Varied earth orbits large constellatiOns Dynamic Communicatimscontroh10W terminals 09 27 96 12 Total Ground 4 LL n- Total Commercial Lease 15% Total Ground 49% Total Space 32% Total Commercial Lease Flyout FY10 FY11 FY12 FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 Findings 09 27 96 Terminals Space Spectrum Assured access protection AJ LPI survivability and netted mobile services are critical to warfighting Emerging Capabilities such as and Bandwidth on Demand are not re ected in Weapon system CONOPS 2003-2010 Force Structures presume availability of today s types of services Operational Management is fragmented 14 09 27 96 Findings Requirements Operations Spectrum - Over 100 types of terminals are fielded today Force Structure drives quantities types Most terminals have been single purpose single user class 0 Terminals have not been treated as a variable in transitions architectures 0 Costs are significant and not visible 15 09 27 96 Requirements Operations Terminals Spectrum 0 Technology growth is faster than our acquisition timeline Some technologies will continue to be military led 0 Many revolutionary systems Iridium Spaceway TELEDISC etc are med-high risk and not yet demonstrated Because of commercial demands and EELV launch will not be a constraint or cost driver 0 Replenishment for DSCS UFO Polar and Milstar II capabilities will be needed in 2003 2008 Timing will require operational management risk trade-offs and possible gapfiller satellites 99 16 09 27 96 Findings Requirements Operations Terminals New allocations very unlikely - Today s frequencies have attributes not available in other military commercial bands - Ka provides great potential for commercial synergy COTS CRAF Wideband Services 17 09 27 96 Potential for improved capability lower unit cost and significant changes in how we fight are enormous Future Vision doctrine will require more SAT COM than evolution will provide Changes to the ground segment are as critical as changes to the satellites Transition systems will be needed between the present and objective architecture 18 09 27 96 Transition Goals Ensure Continuity of Service through Satellite replenishment operations management or risk trade-offs Within limits of low-medium acquisition risk and acceptable funding take significant steps toward MILSATCOM objectives with no barriers to evolution Enable evolution to new Warfighting visions Facilitate demonstrations and operational use Accelerate on going changes in terminal developments toward exibility system efficiency Fully integrate into the overall communications architecture Take advantage of international cooperative opportunities 19 Evolution to MILSATCOM Objectives Serv1ces and Integration with DISN Above 10 Protected Survivable Up to 10 Up to 1 5 Above 1 5 Mobile Users 100 s High Capacity Users At 10 s Up to 1 5 09 27 96 Protected Survivable Service 09 27 96 Architecture Goal Ensure adequate protected communications to maintain freedom of action during deployment maneuver engagement - Transition Strategy Continue to eld a processed and crosslinked EHF system with improved capability - Architect s Recommendations Sustain Milstar 11 through DFS-6 new vehicle in 2005 - Sustain EHF Polar capability through about 2010 24 hr Investigate international cooperative efforts 21 09 27 96 - EHF Space Systems Proposal a 454 4 satellite constellation at orbit 2 at HEO polar MILSTAR 11 through 2004 Operational management until transistion EHF ies First polar launch in 1997 - Transition EHF System First launch in 2005 MDR waveform supporting 6 8 Backward compatible with MILSTAR II Incremental development toward objective EHF system 2nd 3rd polar systems launch 2002 2003 Objective EHF System Common waveform Higher capacity protected service 10 s of Interoperable with Ka MILSATCOM systems Decision Point in 2005 0n polar System - EHF 0r UHF LP1 22 Transition Plan Adv EHF- Milestone DAB EHF Replenishment Milestone DAB MILSATCOM Terminals JSMB Begin EHF Risk Mitigator Protected Polar Replenishment Milestone DAB Protected Polar Fiscal Year Points A Launches of New Satellites - System Development Objective Architecture KEY Current Terminal Population Begins to Reach End of Life 23 Mobile Services 6 Architecture Goal Ensure adequate communications to forces on the move to support dominant maneuver information superiority - Transition Strategy Sustain UHF through transition decide in 2003-2005 on objective architecture for netted mobile handheld paging and LDR broadcast - Architect s Recommendations Fly additional UHF spacecraft to ensure service Examine future architecture alternatives Enhanced military systems at lower altitude Improved GEO system UHF capability complemented by theater UAV Fully commercial service Use DoDMobile Satellite for C611 phone data paging 09 27 96 24 09 27 96 8 satellite constellation at orbit UFO through 2005 - Transition UHF System - UHF gapfiller system 2005-2010 3 satellites Commercial acquisition Objective UHF System Decision point - 2003-2005 Support 2010 first launch orbit UHF-Cellular system costed Alternatives are Mid-earth orbit UHF-cellular orbit UHF with UAV complement 25 nun-u 6 1133 gums ENSE squmd uogsgosq 6 an 0 pug qocaa 0 1 sug ag mammal wanna $0 1X9N dH sum-snag MGN JO seqounm' 131 1101112191199 HSQH I EIVCI 9U0139HW qsgueg aa I ung pagaamd rm JUGUI FAJGSQIIQOW new 11011181121 0 $93 p9109101d wals s - II amoguqolv oAgoaqu SIBIIHIIJQL ux v - Transition Strategy 09 27 96 Architecture Goal Ensure adequate communications to all echelons to support precision engagement Field a transponded Commercial Like X-band and Ka system to meet signi cant demand for high capacity i communications and global broadcast Architect Recommendations Continue DSCS Service Life Enhancement Program Launch to replenish DSCS or earlier to expand constellation and capability sooner Use Ka for Global Broadcast High Capacity some protection Investigate CRAF-like commercial agreements for military commercial Ka 27 MILSAT COM System Proposal '3 We 2 3 9 5 satellite constellation at orbit DSCS through 2005 1 satellite of DSCS 4 satellites of SLEP Operational management until transisiton ies - Transition System transponded system 2003 2006-2014 Commercial acquisition for 2006 launch costed Ka is backward compatible with UFO-GBS Earlier start possible for GBS and or high capacity demand Objective System Decision point in 2007 timeframe 7 Support 2010 terminal acquisition Processed system 09 27 96 28 Transition Plan Hi Ca aci Broadcast Services Launch and Transponded and Terminals Milestone Ka-821nd DAB and X Ka Band Replenishment Milestone DAB Fiscal Year 97 99 70Decision Points A 'lst Launches of New Satellites - System Development KEY Current Terminal Population Begins to Reach End of Life 29 Terminals Architecture Goal Provide superior information services at all levels with reduced infrastructure - Transition Strategy Assess terminal acquisitions and designs to facilitate transition to MILSATCOM objectives C4ISR Architecture - Architect s Recommendations Provide higher data rate protected services on mobile platforms - Reduce inventory of service unique limited purpose terminals Establish measurable goals to reduce costs 09 27 96 30 MILSATCOM Terminals Proposal 22 terminal programs 9 Army 7 Navy 5 Air Force 1 DISA - Transition 2003 2015 Terminal numbers increase from 6 000 to 29 000 Revisit current terminal strategies Maintain backward compatibility with pre-2005 terminals Implement terminal 0 8 costs reductions 0 Objective Multi-band terminals Military Ka Commercial Ka Leverage commercial technology I Slice radios Remotely reprogramable 9- User operated no SATCOM unique 0 8 09 27 96 3 1 Related Infrastructure 6 Architecture Goal Signi cantly reduce the communications footprint - Transition Strategy - Integrate SATCOM systems with the DISN at all levels - Architect s Recommendations Integrate DISN SATCOM and GBS nodes Implement a standard broadcast module 6 Mbps that could be distributed on protected Ka GBS fiber etc - Support assessment of communication architecture warfighting Visions weapons system communications needs Provide a user-focused network management control system 09 27 96 32 Technology Investment Recommendations a Antennas Enable global access at high data rates protection Via nulling CRAF implementation Enable Wideband communications to mobile users 0 Terminals Multi-band g - including commercial frequencies Software reconfigurable to different waveforms Breakthrough reduction in 0 Components Rad hard chips Operations Standard integrated network management and control Networks over PCS handheld 09 27 96 33 00m @330 @355 3 -- wag FY96 $5 Billion Imam ocb oo wh