U S Election Assistance Commission 1335 East-West Highway – Suite 4300 Silver Spring MD 20910 U S House of Representatives Committee on Oversight and Reform Subcommittee on National Security “Securing U S Election Infrastructure and Protecting Political Discourse” May 22 2019 Christy McCormick Chairwoman United States Election Assistance Commission EAC Good afternoon Chairman Lynch Ranking Member Hice and members of the subcommittee Thank you for the opportunity to testify before you this afternoon to detail the vital work of the U S Election Assistance Commission better known as the EAC and our role in helping election officials secure elections While 531 days remain until the 2020 Presidential Election the first federal Presidential primary is just 7 months away and election officials across the nation are administering state and local elections now As you know the EAC and its vital mission were established under the Help America Vote Act of 2002 The EAC is the only federal agency solely devoted to supporting election officials in their work HAVA mandates that the EAC serve as the nation’s foremost clearinghouse on elections conduct original research – such as the Election Administration and Voting Survey – that informs ways to improve election administration establish federal voting system testing guidelines and operate the federal government’s voting system certification program administer federal grant funding for states to improve election administration and help America vote These resources give election administrators the tools they need to carry out secure accurate and efficient elections The EAC’s work also helps to ensure that all eligible Americans have the opportunity to vote privately and independently to cast a ballot with confidence and to know that vote will be counted securely and accurately The EAC is as needed today as it has been at any other time since it was established We are pleased that following Senate action earlier this year the Commission now has its first full quorum of Commissioners in nearly a decade and the EAC is grateful for its talented and motivated staff They are firing on all cylinders to fulfill the directives and promises of HAVA ahead of the 2020 Presidential Election One of our primary focuses is election security and I am pleased to have this opportunity to provide more detail about our efforts in that regard Before I do however it is important to put that work into context Election security is only one component of election administration To demonstrate this the EAC has developed a wheel of competencies in which each section 1 represents a similar level of expertise and effort The “Election Administrator Competency Wheel” “Wheel” which I have attached to this testimony visualizes ongoing duties election preparation work as well as responsibilities stemming from election night and beyond The 20 areas of competency represented on the Wheel are each important and require support from our team This Wheel represents the fundamental roadmap of issues the EAC should address fully to meet the vision of the Help America Vote Act In addition many of these competencies play a direct role in election officials’ work to secure elections The EAC works alongside federal partners to leverage their subject matter expertise to augment the EAC’s whole-of-elections perspective with specialized products The EAC works with these partners to produce EAC products help other agencies better develop products for election stakeholders and help our stakeholders understand and integrate these products into the context of their array of responsibilities These partners include the Department of Defense the Department of Justice the Department of Homeland Security the Office of the Director of National Intelligence the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST and the United States Postal Service Today I will focus my remarks on election security one of the most integral components of the EAC’s work The EAC has worked diligently to help states secure their elections especially in months leading up to last year’s election The EAC expeditiously distributed newly appropriated HAVA funds to the states assisted our federal partners in establishing and managing the critical infrastructure operational framework continued to test and certify voting systems and highlighted and distributed important best practices in election administration This work yielded substantial benefits in 2018 and continues ahead of 2020 Strengthening Election Security and Voter Confidence Election security is a theme that continues to shape the national conversation about election administration especially as we look ahead to 2020 Federal law enforcement and intelligence officials regularly remind us that the threats election administrators faced in 2016 and 2018 remain today and are likely to intensify in the months and years ahead We take seriously the fact that voter confidence is enhanced when we adequately prepare for and respond to challenges such as election misinformation campaigns persistent attempts to breach election systems and voting registration databases and other real threats We are pleased to report that election officials across the nation successfully navigated these challenges in 2018 and they are better prepared to handle these issues today than they were several years ago This not only reflects election officials’ unwavering commitment to secure elections but it is also a product of improved relationships between state and local election administrators and the federal agencies that serve them As the agency best positioned to communicate directly with election officials across the country the EAC played an early and leading role in establishing trust and open lines of communications between state and local leaders and the federal government entities that work on election security The EAC drove the development of the election security working group that eventually became the subsector’s Government Coordinating Council GCC and as Chairwoman I now sit 2 on that council’s executive board In addition to the EAC’s work with the Department of Homeland Security to establish the GCC the Commission played an integral role in establishing the Sector Coordinating Council SCC comprised of private election equipment manufacturers and vendors Beyond the GCC and SCC the Commission has taken a multifaceted approach to helping state and local election officials strengthen their election security This work includes testing and federally certifying voting systems providing hands-on security and post-election audit trainings across the country producing security-focused resources disseminating security best practices information and checklists to state and local election officials as well as hosting widely attended forums that feature security experts as speakers For example ahead of last year’s election the EAC • • • • • • • Distributed urgent security alerts and threat indicators from the DHS and the Federal Bureau of Investigation FBI to states and territories to help protect election systems from specific cybersecurity threats Met on multiple occasions with staff from the DHS the FBI the Office of National Counterintelligence and Security Center in the ODNI and the White House to discuss specific and nonspecific threats state and local election system security and protocols and the dynamics of the election system and its 8 000 plus jurisdictions nationwide Served as the federal government’s primary communication channel to provide real-time cybersecurity information to election officials around the country This information included current data on cyber threats tactics for protecting election systems against these threats and the availability and value of DHS resources for protecting cyber-assets Participated in and convened conference calls with federal officials Secretaries of State and other State Chief Election Officials local election administration officials federal law enforcement and federal agency personnel to discuss the prospect of designating elections as part of the nation’s critical infrastructure These discussions focused on topics such as coordinating security flashes from the FBI the implications of a critical infrastructure designation education on the nation’s election system and the dynamics of successfully communicating information to every level of election officials responsible for running the nation’s election system Provided DHS with perspective information and data related to the election system introductions to officials in the election community and information that assisted the agency with shaping communications in a manner that would be useful to the states and local election officials Published a white paper entitled “U S Election Systems as Critical Infrastructure” that provided a basic understanding of critical infrastructure for election officials Contributed to multiple foundational DHS documents used to structure the Elections Systems Critical Infrastructure designation and sector Ahead of the 2018 Midterm Election the EAC also focused on steps our Commission could take to further serve election officials operating in the new threat environment The EAC brought together election officials security officials academics and federal government partners for an Election 2018 kick-off summit at the National Press Club in January 2018 Just one month ahead 3 of the midterm election in October 2018 we gathered a similar audience here in the Capitol Visitors Center for an election readiness summit that featured among others Senators Blunt and Klobuchar as well as high-level officials from DHS and the National Counterintelligence and Security Center These events and others like them throughout 2018 raised awareness of the security preparations election officials had underway and the resources available to the states and localities to help with this critical work While talking about election security at forums is important the EAC also knows the importance of training EAC staff was intricately involved in the establishment of Harvard University’s Belfer Center Table Top Exercises which have since been conducted across the country During the past year the EAC has also developed and presented its “Election Official as IT Manager” training to officials representing hundreds of election jurisdictions across the country and we have worked with DHS to put this training online through the FedVTE platform so that many more election officials can easily access it The EAC also produced a video and supporting meeting materials to help local election officials explain the many levels of election security at their jurisdiction The video was designed to be viewed at civic group meetings and election worker trainings It can also be customized by jurisdictions and some states are tailoring the video to their voters and processes We plan further work in this regard In addition the EAC Commissioners continuously meet with state and local election officials at regional conferences across the country These visits allow the Commissioners to apprise officials of best practices promote resources available from the EAC and our federal partners in agencies such as the United States Postal Service the Federal Voting Assistance Program FVAP within the Department of Defense the Department of Justice and the DHS and discuss current concerns and topics in election administration such as contingency planning accessibility voter registration and technology management On Election Day 2018 we were pleased to have our newly hired Chief Information Officer and the head of our Testing and Certification Program on site with other federal agencies and key election stakeholders who gathered at the National Cybersecurity Communications Integration Center NCCIC We are continuing to seek new ways to provide election security support to state and local election leaders Administering HAVA Funds to Improve U S Election Administration The distribution of HAVA funds is another example of the EAC’s work related to election security Last year Members of Congress provided much-needed and much-appreciated financial support to the states and territories through the EAC We appreciate that you also factored the Commission’s up-front grant administration costs into the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2018 which appropriated $380 million in HAVA Funds to improve the administration of federal elections Within three months of the appropriation the EAC received disbursement requests for 100 percent of the funds from all 55 eligible states and territories and approximately seven months prior to the 2018 Midterm Elections the EAC made 100 percent of the funds available for the eligible states and territories to draw down 4 As the funds became available last year approximately 60 percent of states reached out to the EAC for assistance with at least one issue related to the new appropriations including allowable costs policy questions pre-approval requests and state appropriation process issues I’ve attached to this testimony a chart detailing the EAC’s interactions with the states The chart lays bare the fact that the EAC’s Grant team did not wait for states to reach out for guidance before it offered assistance All states received pre-award notices budget and narrative guidance access to EAC webinars phone and email consultations and EAC review of budgets and plans Through these interactions states were given the opportunity to pose questions to ensure their plans contained only expenses allowable under Title 1 Section 101 of HAVA The EAC’s Grant team also answered inquiries proactively provided guidance to anticipated questions and reviewed proposals Since these were the first new appropriations for HAVA grants since FY2010 many of the state-level contacts working on how to spend these funds had never received HAVA grants before creating a knowledge gap that the EAC’s team ably worked to close We know from state plans and expenditure reports that most states are spending these funds on items that will directly improve election security In fact at least 90 percent of the funds have been devoted to technological and cybersecurity improvements the purchase of new voting equipment and improvements to voter registration systems Last month the EAC released its Grant Expenditure Report for FY2018 which includes details about specific state HAVA grant expenditures through September 30 2018 I have attached a copy of that report for your review That report was previously shared with the committee and is included as an addendum to this testimony Through our more recent conversations with all 55 state and territories that received these funds we believe that as of April 30 2019 states have spent at least $108 14 million or 29 percent of the $380 million in grant funds This represents a 262 percent increase in spending from the last reported spending levels on September 30 2018 In addition a straight line spending projection based on expenditures through the end of last month suggests that states and territories will spend approximately $324 million or 85 percent of the funds prior to the 2020 Presidential Election States have until the end of FY2023 to spend the funds The EAC’s Grants team continues to work closely with the states regarding these funds and will have ongoing administrative responsibilities related to the funds through the conclusion of the five-year spending timeline Bolstering the Election System Testing and Certification Process As states seek to invest these funds in purchasing new voting equipment election leaders are continuing to turn to the EAC’s Testing and Certification Program as a key resource in ensuring the nation’s voting systems are tested to confirm the secure and accurate tabulation of ballots This includes seeking information about how best to craft Requests for Proposals information on the systems currently certified and when the EAC will implement the next iteration of the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines which will be known as VVSG 2 0 5 Some Members of Congress have also posed this last question to the EAC so we are pleased to give you an update By way of background the VVSG have historically consisted of Principles Guidelines and Requirements against which voting systems can be tested to determine if the systems meet required standards Our goal is to bring technological gains in security and other factors to the voters Some additional factors examined under these tests include functionality accessibility accuracy and auditability HAVA mandates that EAC develop and maintain these requirements as well as test and certify voting systems These guidelines are voluntary and states may decide to adopt them entirely or in part Last year the EAC’s Technical Guidelines Development Committee as well as the EAC’s Board of Advisors and Standards Board recommended adoption of the proposed VVSG 2 0 Guidelines and Principles Unfortunately when one of the Commissioners left the EAC we lost our quorum and were not able to vote to move the new guidelines forward That changed earlier this year when the Senate confirmed two new EAC Commissioners In February after Commissioner Palmer and Commissioner Hovland were confirmed our first official act was to unanimously vote to publish the VVSG 2 0 Principles and Guidelines in the Federal Register for a 90-day public comment period At that time we also announced our intention to hold public hearings to gather feedback on the proposed principles and guidelines Our first public hearing took place on April 10 in Memphis and we held our second public meeting in Salt Lake City on April 23 On Monday we held our third hearing at our office in Silver Spring The public comment period on the VVSG 2 0 Principles and Guidelines concludes next week on May 29 It is important to note that the EAC’s participation in critical infrastructure activities and its own security work was a direct result of the personal involvement and direction of the EAC’s most senior staff as well as the efforts of the Commission’s talented team of professionals The EAC does not have full-time employees devoted to these new components of providing election security support In fact the EAC’s Inspector General highlighted this staffing issue as a Significant Management Challenge in 2018 At this time existing staff in conjunction with their other full time responsibilities have been tasked with interacting with the agency’s external partners to identify resources and materials that might be useful for our election official stakeholders With additional resources the EAC would have the opportunity to fund additional election security activities within its Election Technology Program For example many state and local election officials have expressed great interest in an Elections Cyber Assistance Unit and additional resources would allow the EAC to put this program in place This unit would allow EAC to hire election and cyber security experts who are able to deploy regionally to provide assistance with risk-management resiliency and other technical support to the jurisdictions in their respective areas This would enable the EAC to spread its resources across all 50 States D C and the four U S territories conducting Federal Elections saving significant costs at the state and local levels by providing federal assistance to offset expenses that each state would otherwise incur When Congress passed HAVA it entrusted the Commission to do exactly that kind of work To find innovative solutions that would expand the EAC’s clearinghouse of resources to keep pace with the challenges faced by election officials and voters There is no shortage of ambition at the EAC when it comes to supporting this work With the reestablishment of a quorum of 6 Commissioners the EAC is ready for its next chapter We look forward to working with Congress as we continue our efforts to help America vote I am happy to answer any questions you may have following today’s testimony 7 Election Administrator Competencies Security Finance Technology Public Election Law Relations Human Maintenance Resources Auditing Recounts Canvassing Voting Tabulation - Ongoing Election Preparation I Election Night Beyond X $7 463 675 X X X X X X ALASKA AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA COLORADO CONNECTICUT DELAWARE DC FLORIDA GEORGIA GUAM HAWAII IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA KANSAS KENTUCKY LOUISIANA MAINE MARYLAND MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI MISSOURI MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA NEW HAMPSHIRE NEW JERSEY NEW MEXICO NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA NORTH DAKOTA OHIO OKLAHOMA OREGON PENNSYLVANIA PUERTO RICO RHODE ISLAND SOUTH CAROLINA SOUTH DAKOTA TENNESSEE TEXAS UTAH VERMONT VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN WYOMING Color Chart $3 000 000 $600 000 $4 475 015 $34 558 874 $6 342 979 $5 120 554 $3 000 000 $3 000 000 $19 187 003 $10 305 783 $600 000 $3 134 080 $3 229 896 $13 232 290 $7 595 088 $4 608 084 $4 383 595 $5 773 423 $5 889 487 $3 130 979 $7 063 699 $7 890 854 $10 706 992 $6 595 610 $4 483 541 $7 230 625 $3 000 000 $3 496 936 $4 277 723 $3 102 253 $9 757 450 $3 699 470 $19 483 647 $10 373 237 $3 000 000 $12 186 021 $5 196 017 $5 362 981 $13 476 156 $3 676 962 $3 000 000 $6 040 794 $3 000 000 $7 565 418 $23 252 604 $4 111 052 $3 000 000 $600 000 $9 080 731 $7 907 768 $3 611 943 $6 978 318 $3 000 000 $380 000 000 Allowable Costs X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Policy Qs OMB Circulars X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 X X X 3 X X 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 X X X X X X X X 1 X X X X X X X X 2 1 1 3 2 Pre-approval Requests 4 X X 9 8 2 52 13 4 - - 36 6 2 - 24 12 6 2 2 5 3 2 4 1 1 3 20 1 1 2 - 1 2 4 1 6 16 2 2 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 4 X X X 2 X X X X X X X X 1 3 4 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2 2 X X X 1 3 X X X 24 1 1 36 X 2 1 1 3 X 2 3 1 X 1 2 1 1 1 4 23 38 1 1 X 2 X X X 6 X 4 X 17 3 X X X 5 X X X X X 2 1 16 4 X X X 1 18 2 X X X 4 2 X X 2 X X X X 3 2 X X 4 X X X X 1 Feedback to States on FFR Narrative submissions X Review of Annual Report and Feedback Email-Phone Consultations on Needed Revisions to Plans X Federal Financial Reports Training Feedback--Security Plan budget X Email Technical Assistance # of Issues Plan Budget Review Staff Writeups Initial Report X GSA SAM Account Support T A Webinars to State Election Directors--3 Live Webinars X State Budget neg Intervention to safeguard Funds Create Send Instructions-budget and narrative guidance $6 160 393 Second round of Plan and Budget Review Number of 1 1 Phone Consultations April - Sept 30 2018 Pre-Award Notice to Grantees Congress Stakeholders ALABAMA States that Reached to EAC for Assistance see color key below STATE Federal Funds Awarded per State FFR 2018 HAVA Security Grants - EAC Engagement Tracker - 3 5 3 26 2 10 2 - - 14 4 3 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X State Appropriation Process THE U S ELECTION ASSISTANCE COMMISSION GRANT EXPENDITURE REPORT FISCAL YEAR 2018 April 4 2019 1 Overview The U S Election Assistance Commission EAC was created by Congress in 2002 to improve the administration of elections for federal offices through funding guidance and policy development under the Help America Vote Act of 2002 HAVA HAVA provides funding to state and local election districts to support upgrading systems for casting votes registering voters in statewide voter registration databases providing provisional voting options and implementing other improvements to the administration of federal elections such as training for election officials and poll workers polling place accessibility improvements and disseminating information on how and where to vote Through September 30 2018 a total of $3 628 946 2311 in federal funds has been awarded to 50 states the District of Columbia and four U S territories American Samoa the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Guam and the United States Virgin Islands hereinafter referred to as the “States ” This total includes $380 million appropriated by Congress in 2018 to support equipment purchases and security enhancements to election systems This 2018 appropriation was the first time since FY10 that the federal government made resources available through HAVA to support federal election improvements to the administration of federal elections States have reported total expenditures of $3 400 037 361 or 85 percent of total federal funds and accrued interest available under Sections 101 102 and 251 of HAVA This total includes $30 881 027 in spending associated with the 2018 awards which took place between April 17 and September 30 2018 in the run-up to the 2018 election Chart 4 shows total funds expended excluding the 2018 HAVA Funds This includes $300 3 million in Section 102 funds that were appropriated for the replacement of punch card or lever voting machines in 30 eligible states and $380 million appropriated in 2018 under Section 101 of HAVA 1 2 HAVA SECTION 101 Funds In 2003 EAC disbursed $349 182 267 to states under Section 101 of HAVA for activities to improve the administration of federal elections see Table 1 As of September 30 2018 States reported total expenditures of $359 725 678 which reflects expenditures of federal funds and accumulated interest over the course of the award Twenty-seven 27 States have spent all of the Section 101 funds and interest and another fourteen 14 States have spent at least 90 percent of the funds Table 1 provides a full accounting of expenditures by States Table 1 State Section 101 HAVA Funds as of September 30 2018 1 000s Funds Received $4 989 605 Interest Earned $362 297 Expenditures $4 821 432 Balance $530 471 ALASKA 5 000 000 766 742 5 452 122 314 620 AMERICAN SAMOA 1 000 000 66 224 1 000 000 66 224 ARIZONA 5 451 369 1 010 134 2 095 600 4 365 903 ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA 3 593 165 226 288 3 819 453 0 26 804 708 2 688 888 27 282 272 2 211 324 COLORADO 4 860 306 1 056 513 5 902 689 14 130 CONNECTICUT 5 000 000 682 868 5 682 868 0 DELAWARE DIST OF COLUMBIA 5 000 000 472 080 5 467 766 4 314 FLORIDA 5 000 000 14 447 580 408 108 1 843 679 5 000 000 14 183 307 408 108 2 107 953 GEORGIA 7 816 328 698 741 7 816 328 698 741 GUAM 1 000 000 12 773 1 012 773 0 HAWAII 5 000 000 1 369 777 1 687 087 4 682 690 IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA 5 000 000 1 807 418 6 807 418 0 11 129 030 6 230 481 5 000 000 5 000 000 1 264 381 938 781 684 225 1 310 653 12 102 242 7 196 262 5 449 329 2 916 433 291 169 0 234 896 3 394 220 LOUISIANA 4 699 196 4 911 421 1 024 965 935 421 4 699 196 5 846 842 1 024 965 0 MAINE 5 000 000 611 679 5 606 021 5 658 MARYLAND 5 636 731 551 709 5 544 137 644 303 MASSACHUSETTS 6 590 381 904 363 7 494 744 0 ALABAMA KANSAS KENTUCKY 3 Table 1 Cont Section 101 HAVA Funds as of September 30 2018 Total Section 101 Funds Received $ 9 207 323 Interest Earned $ 1 662 608 Expenditures $9 884 787 Balance $985 145 MINNESOTA 5 313 786 64 724 5 378 510 0 MISSISSIPPI 3 673 384 443 500 4 116 884 0 MISSOURI 5 875 170 954 107 6 829 277 0 MONTANA 5 000 000 396 018 5 201 133 194 885 NEBRASKA 5 000 000 998 292 5 998 292 0 NEVADA 5 000 000 452 843 5 452 843 0 NEW HAMPSHIRE 5 000 000 1 193 153 2 460 200 3 732 953 NEW JERSEY 8 141 208 650 000 8 167 547 623 661 NEW MEXICO 5 000 000 292 244 5 292 244 0 16 494 325 3 669 945 15 847 784 4 316 486 7 887 740 719 637 9 495 453 0 State MICHIGAN NEW YORK NORTH CAROLINA 5 000 000 63 997 5 063 997 0 10 384 931 426 837 10 811 768 0 OKLAHOMA 5 000 000 353 656 5 353 656 0 OREGON 4 203 776 59 199 4 262 975 0 11 323 168 1 301 492 12 624 660 0 PUERTO RICO 3 151 144 324 191 3 467 760 7 575 RHODE ISLAND 5 000 000 140 275 5 140 275 0 SOUTH CAROLINA 4 652 412 886 692 5 300 905 238 198 SOUTH DAKOTA 5 000 000 2 385 195 4 796 646 2 588 549 TENNESSEE 6 004 507 1 047 014 6 279 290 772 232 TEXAS 17 206 595 3 727 371 18 469 359 2 464 607 UTAH 3 090 943 560 156 3 651 099 0 VERMONT 5 000 000 580 051 5 580 051 0 VIRGIN ISLANDS 1 000 000 21 806 1 000 000 21 806 VIRGINIA 7 105 890 1 130 578 7 637 378 599 090 WASHINGTON WEST VIRGINIA WISCONSIN 6 098 449 259 047 6 357 496 0 2 977 057 5 694 036 104 747 1 796 103 3 081 804 6 426 085 0 1 064 055 WYOMING TOTAL 5 000 000 NORTH DAKOTA OHIO PENNSYLVANIA 348 646 145 1 628 931 5 409 203 1 219 728 49 993 116 359 725 678 39 913 583 Reflects a deobligation of $536 122 as a result of an audit finding Total awarded was 349 182 267 4 In March of 2018 the Congress provided an additional $380 000 000 through the Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2018 The EAC awarded these funds to the 50 states the District of Columbia and four U S Territories American Samoa Guam Puerto Rico and the U S Virgin Islands eligible to receive them through a formula described in Sections 101 and 104 of the Help America Vote Act of 2002 P L 107-252 HAVA To access the funds States provided a budget and a state narrative for how the funds were to be used While States could technically begin spending funds once they received their notice of grant award on April 17 2018 most States waited until funds had been transferred to their state election account and many States had to first get state legislative approval before spending funds As a result the expenditures for this initiative for the period ending September 30 2018 are limited in scope See Table 2 below Further detail on the activities undertaken by each state and territory with the new funds prior to September 30 2018 can be found beginning on page 10 Table 2 2018 HAVA Grants Section 101 funds as of September 30 2018 1 000’s Funds Received Interest Earned Expenditures Balance ALABAMA $6 160 393 $0 $0 $6 160 393 ALASKA $3 000 000 10 578 $0 3 010 578 State $600 000 600 000 ARIZONA $7 463 675 7 463 675 ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA $4 475 015 25 459 $4 475 015 25 459 $34 558 874 $0 $0 34 558 874 COLORADO $6 342 979 21 358 $20 337 6 344 000 CONNECTICUT $5 120 554 $3 000 000 $3 000 000 $1 200 $0 5 138 866 DELAWARE 19 512 0 14 350 $399 400 3 000 000 2 614 950 AMERICAN SAMOA DIST OF COLUMBIA FLORIDA $19 187 003 $0 $14 659 908 4 527 095 GEORGIA $10 305 783 $0 $0 10 305 783 $600 000 269 $3 276 596 993 HAWAII $3 134 080 $0 $0 3 134 080 IDAHO ILLINOIS INDIANA IOWA $3 229 896 $13 232 290 $7 595 088 $4 608 084 14 376 57 266 29 819 7 200 $498 689 $9 402 $218 953 $194 179 2 745 583 13 280 154 7 405 954 4 421 104 KANSAS $4 383 595 KENTUCKY $5 773 423 23 722 $626 554 5 170 592 LOUISIANA $5 889 487 11 726 $0 5 901 213 MAINE $3 130 979 $7 063 699 $0 $0 3 130 979 3 380 $1 565 7 065 514 GUAM MARYLAND 4 383 595 5 MASSACHUSETTS MICHIGAN $7 890 854 $10 706 992 36 111 $1 057 216 6 869 749 54 033 $0 10 761 025 MINNESOTA $6 595 610 36 883 $0 6 632 493 MISSISSIPPI $4 483 541 11 096 $241 851 4 252 786 MISSOURI $7 230 625 31 582 $224 922 7 037 285 MONTANA $3 000 000 16 980 $0 3 016 980 NEBRASKA $3 496 936 19 112 $23 207 3 492 841 NEVADA $4 277 723 $0 $13 554 4 264 169 NEW HAMPSHIRE $3 102 253 643 $129 426 2 973 470 NEW JERSEY $9 757 450 $0 $909 9 756 541 NEW MEXICO $3 699 470 9 868 $807 496 2 901 841 $19 483 647 $0 $1 702 376 17 781 271 NORTH CAROLINA 10 373 237 $0 $0 10 373 237 NORTH DAKOTA $3 000 000 1 282 $0 3 001 282 $12 186 021 54 878 $129 589 12 111 310 OKLAHOMA $5 196 017 19 028 $0 5 215 045 OREGON $5 362 981 39 704 $2 290 5 400 395 $13 476 156 24 077 $0 13 500 233 PUERTO RICO $3 676 962 $0 $0 3 676 962 RHODE ISLAND $3 000 000 $0 $584 127 2 415 873 SOUTH CAROLINA $6 040 794 7 886 $0 6 048 680 SOUTH DAKOTA $3 000 000 30 649 $0 3 030 649 TENNESSEE $7 565 418 $0 7 565 418 NEW YORK OHIO PENNSYLVANIA 0 TEXAS $23 252 604 123 240 $219 447 23 156 396 UTAH $4 111 052 $0 $0 $4 111 052 VERMONT $3 000 000 $30 823 $843 912 $2 186 911 $600 000 $0 $18 775 $581 225 VIRGINIA $9 080 731 $0 $0 $9 080 731 WASHINGTON $7 907 768 $40 504 $512 533 $7 435 739 WEST VIRGINIA $3 611 943 $32 157 $3 611 943 $32 157 WISCONSIN $6 978 318 $37 118 $180 090 $6 835 346 WYOMING TOTAL $3 000 000 $10 059 $0 $3 010 059 $380 000 000 $906 728 $31 412 144 349 494 584 VIRGIN ISLANDS 6 HAVA SECTION 251 Funds Section 251 funds known as Requirements Payments were distributed to States using a formula found in HAVA that is based on a percentage equal to the quotient of the voting age population of each State and the total voting age population of all States States are required to deposit Section 251 money in interest bearing state election accounts and the funds are available until expended As of the September 30 2018 twenty-eight 28 States reported using 100 percent2 of their HAVA Requirements Payment funds including interest and another 14 states reported using 90 percent or more of their funds and interest States reported cumulative expenditures of $2 698 508 681 See Table 3 Table 3 Section 251 HAVA Funds as of September 30 2018 State Total Section 251 Funds Received Interest Earned Total Expenditures Balance of Funds and Interest ALABAMA $40 227 863 $2 369 451 $40 436 616 $2 160 698 ALASKA $13 021 803 $2 650 959 $13 843 301 $1 829 461 $2 490 652 $292 118 $2 782 770 $0 ARKANSAS CALIFORNIA $45 516 688 $24 233 666 $296 305 593 $4 353 350 $2 542 154 $44 631 006 $47 508 539 $26 775 820 $303 422 823 $2 361 498 $0 $37 513 776 COLORADO $38 767 048 $4 719 210 $42 972 582 $513 677 CONNECTICUT $31 095 158 $4 392 980 $35 488 138 $0 DELAWARE $13 021 803 $1 930 256 $13 004 721 $1 947 338 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA $13 028 257 $1 922 983 $14 746 048 $205 191 FLORIDA $148 633 048 $24 310 937 $162 028 349 $10 915 636 GEORGIA $72 641 827 $761 687 $67 906 200 $5 497 314 GUAM $2 319 361 $48 049 $2 367 410 $0 HAWAII $13 028 257 $977 446 $12 499 108 $1 506 595 IDAHO ILLINOIS $13 021 803 $110 593 988 $1 267 652 $9 297 474 $14 289 455 $118 549 567 $0 $1 341 896 INDIANA IOWA $54 440 282 $26 645 880 $2 280 602 $1 464 690 $56 676 561 $28 083 331 $44 322 $27 240 KANSAS $24 033 426 $2 222 954 $30 853 941 $0 KENTUCKY $36 901 642 $4 794 078 $34 404 580 $7 291 139 AMERICAN SAMOA ARIZONA States that have over 99% of funds and interest spent are counted as 100% expended for purposes of this report Actual funds remaining are shown for each state on the chart 2 7 State Interest Earned Total Expenditures Balance of Funds and Interest LOUISIANA $39 350 512 $3 552 964 $42 903 476 $0 MAINE $13 021 803 $1 522 719 $14 537 278 $7 244 MARYLAND $47 663 156 $3 888 041 $51 527 784 $23 413 MASSACHUSETTS $58 589 549 $11 498 511 $28 222 757 $41 865 303 MICHIGAN $88 535 685 $7 641 697 $92 435 575 $3 741 807 MINNESOTA $43 962 194 $3 758 390 $47 501 444 $0 MISSISSIPPI $25 152 465 $1 588 892 $26 741 357 $0 MISSOURI $50 394 880 $4 255 352 $54 177 399 $472 833 MONTANA $13 028 257 $618 633 $13 979 996 $0 NEBRASKA $15 442 405 $1 046 168 $16 488 573 $0 NEVADA $18 155 632 $1 272 294 $19 427 926 $0 NEW HAMPSHIRE $13 021 803 $2 292 595 $10 173 179 $5 141 219 NEW JERSEY $76 360 392 $5 808 946 $81 696 605 $472 733 NEW MEXICO $15 599 671 $271 854 $15 871 525 $0 $172 076 865 $33 085 355 $193 587 917 $11 574 303 NORTH CAROLINA $73 421 775 $7 370 242 $77 418 650 $3 373 367 NORTH DAKOTA $13 028 257 $1 355 754 $14 258 148 $125 863 $102 069 874 $6 307 853 $108 377 697 $0 OKLAHOMA $30 200 723 $4 101 437 $29 420 654 $4 881 506 OREGON $31 243 106 $3 988 360 $31 243 105 $3 988 360 $112 821 809 $16 861 352 $126 737 641 $2 945 520 PUERTO RICO $5 868 252 $222 622 $4 503 921 $1 586 952 RHODE ISLAND $13 021 803 $485 182 $13 506 985 $0 SOUTH CAROLINA $36 384 617 $910 483 $37 121 805 $173 295 SOUTH DAKOTA $13 028 257 $5 107 330 $11 373 403 $6 762 184 TENNESSEE $51 877 745 $6 914 050 $32 108 378 $26 683 417 TEXAS $180 251 805 $12 381 621 $192 633 426 $0 UTAH $18 481 440 $705 044 $18 549 134 $637 350 VERMONT $12 453 257 $2 673 691 $7 604 787 $7 522 161 $2 319 361 $2 179 $2 319 361 $2 179 VIRGINIA $64 449 288 $9 562 569 $74 011 857 $0 WASHINGTON $52 995 253 $6 550 527 $56 052 533 $3 493 247 WEST VIRGINIA $17 184 961 $1 183 796 $17 520 296 $848 461 WISCONSIN $48 296 088 $3 566 337 $51 862 425 $0 WYOMING $13 028 257 $1 079 409 $13 971 822 $135 843 $2 602 749 240 290 662 283 2 698 508 681 194 464 562 NEW YORK Total Section 251 Funds Received OHIO PENNSYLVANIA VIRGIN ISLANDS Total 8 Remaining HAVA Funds as of September 30 2018 Excluding New 2018 Grants MASSACHUSETTS NEW HAMPSHIRE TENNESSEE SOUTH DAKOTA VERMONT HAWAII KENTUCKY PUERTO RICO OKLAHOMA ARIZONA ALASKA OREGON DELAWARE CALIFORNIA NEW YORK STATE ILLINOIS GEORGIA WYOMING FLORIDA WASHINGTON ALABAMA MICHIGAN WEST VIRGINIA DIST OF COLUMBIA NORTH CAROLINA WISCONSIN UTAH PENNSYLVANIA AMERICAN SAMOA SOUTH CAROLINA TEXAS MARYLAND NEW JERSEY COLORADO IOWA VIRGIN ISLANDS VIRGINIA NORTH DAKOTA MISSOURI MAINE INDIANA OHIO IDAHO KANSAS LOUISIANA MINNESOTA MONTANA NEBRASKA NEVADA RHODE ISLAND NEW MEXICO MISSISSIPPI CONNECTICUT ARKANSAS GUAM 53% 41% 40% 37% 36% 30% 17% 17% 12% 12% 10% 10% 10% 9% 8% 8% 7% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 4% 3% 3% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 9 State Plans and Expenditures of 2018 HAVA Funds Reported Spending as of September 30 2018 Percentage of Category Amount Total Spent Cybersecurity Voting Equipment Voter Registration System Other Election Auditing Communication Total 18 283 414 $10 658 794 2 107 074 312 093 19 881 27 747 $31 409 003 58 2% 33 9% 6 7% 1 0% 0 1% 0 1% 100% As noted earlier on Friday March 23 2018 President Donald J Trump signed the Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2018 into law The Act included $380 million in Help America Vote Act HAVA funds to improve the administration of elections for Federal office including to enhance election technology and to make election security improvements marking the first new appropriation for HAVA funds since FY2010 The funding provided states with additional resources to secure and improve election systems States could begin spending funds once they received their notice of grant award on April 17 2018 However most states waited until funds were transferred to their state election accounts and many states had to get state legislative approval before spending funds States and territories eligible to receive the funds were required to provide a budget and state narrative for how they would be used The EAC published the narratives and budgets for 48 out of 55 eligible states and territories public on August 21 2018 Seven remaining states and territories were granted extensions and had their budgets and narratives into the EAC by mid-September 2018 By September 20 2018 100 percent of funds had been disbursed to states According to these narratives and budgets the vast majority of states and territories plan to spend their allotted funds within the next two or three years Each funding recipient was required to file a standard Federal Financial Report and updated program narrative to the EAC by December 31 2018 The following is a summary of how states were able to utilize the 2018 HAVA Funds within the first six months of them being made available based on these Progress and Financial Reports     Alabama expects to expend the $6 1 million the state received in 2018 HAVA funds and the required state match of $308 020 in FY2019 to make upgrades to and replace voting equipment mitigate cyber vulnerabilities establish post-election auditing protocols statewide continue the provision of the computerized statewide voter registration list for the entire state Alaska plans to use its $3 15 million to replace the state’s 20-year old voting system American Samoa used a portion of its HAVA funding to repair and restore equipment and election offices damaged during Tropical Cyclone Gita so they would be functional ahead of the 2018 election Going forward the territory is planning a complete upgrade of its voter registration system continuing to provide special needs services to voters with disabilities and increasing its voter outreach efforts Arizona funded a comprehensive security assessment of its election systems and provided training to help each of the state’s fifteen counties understand the different types of existing 10          security threats and what support is available Long-term the state plans to award election security sub-grants to counties and create an election security position within the Secretary of State’s office Arkansas established cost-sharing agreements with the counties to replace aging voting equipment New acquisitions ensure that a paper trail for ballots cast is present in all Arkansas counties and almost 70 percent of Arkansas voters voted on the newly integrated election equipment system in the 2018 Midterm Election Of the initial $4 724 225 in funds available through HAVA Arkansas had only $44 305 in funds remaining California is funding cybersecurity support and training polling place accessibility election auditing and vote center implementation through FY2021 at the county level The state is also using funds to make security enhancements to its centralized voter registration system and personnel costs Colorado will use its 2018 HAVA Funds to enhance technology and security in the state’s election process including improving risk-limiting audits and other audits of election-related systems in 2019 and beyond From April 17 2018 to September 30 2018 Colorado expended $211 124 82 including $109 899 80 in 2018 HAVA Funds and earned interest on Colorado Voting Systems COVS training that was necessary to implement a ballot level comparison Risk-Limiting Audit RLA An additional $99 064 was used for Election Preparedness for Infrastructure and Cybersecurity EPIC tabletop exercises with county election and IT officials Connecticut is purchasing voting equipment making security enhancements to address cyber vulnerabilities improving post-election audits and voter registration systems and management enhancing security training for election officials and improving voting accessibility Delaware plans to purchase new voting equipment including a new voting system with a voter verifiable paper audit trail an absentee system and an Election Management Voter Registration system which will move elections from the state's aging mainframe Florida plans to use the $19 187 003 the state received in 2018 HAVA funds for three primary projects $15 450 000 will be used to establish an online grant program for 67 county supervisors of elections to enhance election security $1 987 003 will be used to establish an online grant program for county supervisors of elections to improve voting accessibility The remaining $1 750 000 will be earmarked by the Florida Department of State to implement security enhancements to the state voter registration system contract a team of cybersecurity specialists to provide support to the state and county supervisor of elections offices and to fund a voter education campaign to educate voters on how to get ready to register and vote in an election As of September 30 2018 $95 688 91 had already been expended Georgia plans to increase election security simplicity and accessibility by purchasing secure voting devices that produce a voter-verifiable paper ballot The state will also provide an online sample ballot for all voters improve its voter registration database conduct election auditing and testing and purchase ALBERT sensors cybersecurity services and new e-poll books Guam will use its funds to replace and upgrade voting equipment perform election auditing make improvements to its voter registration system upgrade cybersecurity equipment and provide training Hawaii will be utilizing its $3 1 million in funds to enhance the election cybersecurity infrastructure and update equipment related to the statewide voter registration system voting equipment and vote counting system As of September 30 2018 $4 310 56 was used to establish telecommunications and network services at Counting and Control Centers during the 2018 Elections and an additional $77 486 93 was used to hire an Election Information Specialist responsible for enhancing accessibility to elections for voters with disabilities and additional staff to perform duties required to administer elections for federal office 11           Idaho plans to use its new HAVA appropriation to hire staff award sub-grants to voting districts secure new voting equipment perform election auditing acquire a new voter registration system make cybersecurity improvements and software updates and provide staff trainings Thus far the state has expended $513 064 10 of both federal funds and interest for acquiring software to deploy security patches across the state network initial voter registration system upgrades and personnel Illinois will use its funding for a cybersecurity information sharing program hiring a Cyber Navigator Advisor providing cybersecurity resources for local election authorities and implementing a statewide network to provide centralized monitoring mitigation and security services Thus far the State Board of Elections has used the funds for relevant equipment and software Electronic Registration Information Center ERIC Association dues and relevant conference and information sharing costs Indiana helped counties implement multi-factor authentication systems for accessing voting equipment and conducted cybersecurity training for all county officials during the state’s annual election administrators conference Going forward the state plans to acquire additional election technology implement e-poll book vendor network security enhancements deploy auditable voting systems and perform election night reporting security enhancements Iowa conducted cybersecurity training seminars for county auditors and staff and participated in a pilot program for a self-assessment cybersecurity tool The Secretary of State’s Office also implemented two-factor authentication for access to the statewide voter registration system purchased additional security protections for the state’s election night reporting system and partnered with the Department of Homeland Security to conduct two tabletop exercises Finally Iowa was able to purchase additional security protections for the state’s election night reporting system Kansas will use its funds to ensure every voting machine has a voter verifiable paper audit trail conduct post-election audits after every election improve the security of the statewide voter registration system increase cybersecurity efforts at all levels of election administration and create maintain and train local election officials on a comprehensive security communications plan Kentucky used some of its funds during the FY2018 reporting period to acquire Trustwave cloud-based and managed security services designed to protect data and reduce security risk The State Board of Elections is in the process of working with Trustwave to install and set up the equipment Louisiana will use 2018 HAVA funds and the state match for a new electronic voting system Maine plans to upgrade its voting equipment and Central Voter Registration CVR system hardware and software implement election night reporting cybersecurity software improvements monitoring and training and improve ballot security and online training Maryland will replace and upgrade voting equipment perform election audits upgrade voter registration system servers and software in off-election years and enhance system monitoring activities mitigating cyber vulnerabilities refining an incident management plan and providing training Thus far the state has spent $1 302 of its allocated federal funds on statewide tabletop exercises and $176 139 50 of its state match on Voted Ballot Audits following the 2018 Primary Elections and implementing two-factor authentication and enhancing its virtual private network VPN security monitoring Massachusetts made network security upgrades for its voter registration system hired a network security engineer and conducted security training for election staff The Secretary of State’s Office also plans to use funds to acquire new voting equipment upgrade the state's voter registration system and improve the cybersecurity of its election system 12            Michigan is focusing on cybersecurity information and physical security and providing funding and resources statewide to allow for the completion of detailed election system security assessments at the state county and local level Minnesota is using $6 925 391 in 2018 HAVA Funds and required state match to strengthen secure and modernize Minnesota's Statewide Voter Registration System SVRS assess the state's data sharing and post-election review audit process improve secure information sharing with counties enhance website security and accessibility and recruit and train election officials The Secretary of State's Office will also use funds to invest in cybersecurity and information technology upgrades expand absentee and mail-voting for voters with disabilities and provide sub-grants to local jurisdictions for improved election security and accessibility Mississippi is using its funds to upgrade its Statewide Elections Management System addressing cyber vulnerabilities implementing post-election auditing and funding certain permissible county expenditures Missouri spent most of its allocated 2018 HAVA Funds to implement cybersecurity enhancements that protect against attempts to penetrate the Missouri Centralized Voter Registration System In September the state also hosted the National Election Security Summit attended by federal state and local election authorities to discuss practical ways to mitigate threats and vulnerabilities Montana is replacing its statewide voter registration system and funding a 50 percent cost match with counties to purchase new voting equipment They are also undertaking a major cybersecurity upgrade and hiring election and voter security IT personnel Nebraska is using 2018 HAVA Funds to replace voting equipment implement security upgrades and system enhancements to its voter registration system install and maintain ALBERT sensors and perform cybersecurity scans and testing The state is also using this federal funding to train election division staff and county election officials provide resources for voters with disabilities and put additional security measures in place for election night reporting Nevada will use the funds to upgrade voting equipment provide sub-grants to jurisdictions evaluate the state's cyber vulnerabilities expand upon current election auditing practices and procedures increase voter outreach and training New Hampshire is enhancing election technology and making security improvements improving voting systems and technology educating voters training election officials and election workers and improving access for voters with disabilities New Jersey plans to make improvements to its cyber and physical security voter registration system voting equipment election auditing Americans with Disabilities Act compliance and training for election officials Thus far the state has expended its 2018 HAVA Funds on a Department of Homeland Security-administered tabletop security training session for county election officials New Mexico hired a full-time IT security and compliance administrator whose responsibilities include implementing additional security practices to safeguard sensitive data and election systems and protect against cyber vulnerabilities The state also purchased scan tabulation systems that feature ballot image capture and audit capabilities New York spent approximately $1 7 million in 2018 on several security initiatives including a contract with Grant Thornton to conduct a uniform comprehensive risk assessment of every county board of elections As of September 30 2018 22 of 58 assessments were complete The state contracted another security firm to provide intrusion detection and log monitoring services for all county boards of elections Additionally 712 state and county election officials and election vendors have attended security awareness training and all county board of elections officials have attended at least one cybersecurity tabletop exercise training 13                North Carolina plans to use its 2018 HAVA funds to modernize their statewide elections information management system perform election auditing undergo security assessments hire a Chief Information Security Officer and implement a Cyber Advisory Panel North Dakota is spending its entire 2018 HAVA award and required five percent state match on procuring a paper-based HAVA-compliant voting system Ohio is using its funds to make enhancements to its statewide voter registration system database provide enhanced cybersecurity for election email accounts conduct tabletop exercises and training launch an IT and email support pilot project and conduct post-election audits through 2020 Oklahoma is purchasing e-poll books and document scanners for local election offices upgrading its online voter registration system by 2020 providing training for county and state election boards and ensuring there is a robust plan in place for cyber and physical security Oregon is making improvements to the Oregon Elections System for Tracking and Reporting securing state and local election systems and increasing IT security capacity and voter registration efficiency The state also plans to build a feature so voters can track their ballot at all stages of the election process provide public access to campaign finance reports and expand capacity and public visibility Pennsylvania is replacing aging voting equipment that is reaching the end of its usable life with new equipment that has a voter verifiable paper audit trail Puerto Rico plans to use its 2018 HAVA funds to enhance election cybersecurity and network infrastructure and upgrade Election Day voter registration Rhode Island purchased a platform for the Centralized Voter Registration system that encrypts all data within it The state also purchased another system that monitors for and protects the Centralized Voter Registration System from ransomware In addition the state purchased a system that provides real-time analysis of security threats sends alerts if issues are detected and quarantines devices if there is abnormal activity South Carolina is using its $6 million in 2018 HAVA Funds to harden its security posture and enhance the resilience of its elections South Dakota is replacing aging voting equipment including ballot marking devices and ballot tabulators purchased in 2005 and making cybersecurity upgrades to the statewide voter registration file and election night reporting page Tennessee is providing sub-grants to assist counties in the purchase of approved voting systems making improvements to its voter registration system and providing cybersecurity scans and training for each county election commission office Texas worked with its Voter Registration system vendor in 2018 to make security updates to its system including integration of a standalone portal and data encryption The state also acquired cybersecurity training and made it available free of charge to all 254 counties in advance of the 2018 election Prior to the 2018 election 150 officials attended the training The U S Virgin Islands is conducting a risk assessment and upgrades to its voting equipment updating its voter registration system developing and implementing a cybersecurity plan and providing cyber risk management training for Board of Elections leadership staff and vendors Utah will purchase new voting equipment replace the state's voter registration database and implement additional security measures and training for both counties and the state Vermont used its 2018 HAVA Funds to replace and upgrade voting equipment implement postelection audits mitigate cyber vulnerabilities and provide required cybersecurity training for all town and city clerks in the spring of 2018 prior to the 2018 Midterm Elections Of the initial $3 150 000 available through federal appropriations the required state match and interest as of September 30 2018 Vermont had expended $843 912 28 14       Virginia is securing the Department of Elections' infrastructure and developing and implementing security and continuity of operations plans Washington has implemented advanced firewall protection for the state’s centralized election system and installed an advanced threat detection and prevention appliance The state also acquired a database storage device on the Voter Registration system that has back-up and recovery capabilities All equipment and software with the exception of the database storage device was in place prior to the 2018 Midterm Election The state also held cybersecurity training for election officials that is a precursor for a cybersecurity training program individually tailored for each county in the state Washington D C has used $399 400 of its funds to purchase new voting equipment and hire additional staff to increase the number of early voting centers across the District of Columbia to train election officials and to produce voter education materials The District of Columbia plans to use its remaining 2018 HAVA Funds to acquire additional equipment increase maintenance and support hire a full time cybersecurity expert hire and train additional poll workers continue voter education and outreach and invest in technology to improve all aspects of voter registration and election administration West Virginia used its 2018 HAVA funds to establish a grant program available for counties to be awarded funding for election equipment physical security cybersecurity and e-poll books Wisconsin will address the immediate security needs of the state such as purchasing software implementing additional security measures to protect the statewide voter registration system creating federally funded staff positions and hiring additional IT developers Wisconsin will also collect feedback from local election officials voters and election partners to determine long-term election security needs Wyoming will use the 2018 HAVA funds to replace outdated voting equipment originally purchased in 2005 and enhance the state and county cybersecurity infrastructure 15