C 1 7 7 8 4 933 U S Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No C17784933 Date Current Class OEG T Current Handling NODIS Document Number 1994MOSCOW21443 RELEASE IN FULLI 05 09 2019 Page 1 Channel nla « » SECREI' MOSCOW PAGE 01 ACTION NODS-DO 21443 01 OF 03 291324Z CCOE-OO ADS-DO looow ------------------6212A6 o 291314Z JUL 94 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6026 INFO LOG-DO SEC 291325Z 138 ¥ SECTION 01 OF 03 MOSCOW 021443 NODIS E O 12356 DECLloADR TAGS PREL PARM MNUC KNNP KS KN CH JA RS SUBJECT Als GALLUCCI'S DISCUSSIONS OF NORTH KOREA WITH RUSSIAN OFFICIALS DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER PANOV 1 6RE'3 ENTIRE TEXT 2 SUMMMARY IN A MEETING WITH DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER PANOV ON JULY 27 AIS GALLUCCI REVIEWED U S STRATEGY FOR UPCOMING TALKS WITH NORTH KOREA EMPHASIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPING A CREDIBLE U S GUARANTEE THAT THE DPRK WILL OBTAIN LWR ASSISTANCE IN EXCHANGE FOR MEETING OUR NONPROLIFERATION REQUIRE ENTS PANOV SAID THAT RUSSIA WAS APPROACHED DIRECTLY BY NORTH KOREA CONCERNING LWR'S WHICH RUSSIA WAS PREPARED TO PROVIDE IF FUNDING WAS AVAILABLE FROM OTHER DEeRE'%' PAGE 02 MOSCOW 21443 01 OF 03 291324Z SOURCES CONCERNING SPENT FUEL PANOV CONFIRMED RUSSIAN WILINGNESS TO REPROCESS THE SPENT FUEL SAYING HE THOUGHT THE WASTE COULD BE STORED IN RUSSIA INDEFINITELY SUMMARY 3 RUSSIAN PARTICIPANTS DEPUTr FOREIGN MINISTER FOR EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC ALEKSANDER PANOVi MIKHAIL BELlY DIRECTOR MFA FIRST ASIA ADMINISTRATION NORTH ASIA AND INDOCHINA i AND Current Class e g T Page 1 REVIEW AUTHORITY Marvin Russell Senior Reviewer UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No C17784933 Date 05 09 2019 U S Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 Cufrent Page 2 Current Handling NODIS Document Number 1994MOSCOW21443 Channel n a VALENTIN MOISEYEV MFA KOREA DIVISION CHIEF USG PARTICIPANTS GALLUCCI DASD KENT WIEDEMANN AMBASSADOR PICKERING DEPUTY DIRECTOR GARY SAMORE POLOFF GREG FERGIN NOTETAKER 4 GALLUCCI BRIEFED PANOV ON THE LAST MEETING IN GENEVA AND HIS DISCUSSIONS ON NORTH KOREA IN SEOUL BEIJING AND TOKYO HE DESCRIBED THE U S APPROACH TO THE NEXT SESSION WITH THE NORTH KOREANS AND THE UNDERSTANDING REACHED BETWEEN SECRETARY CHRISTOPHER AND FOREIGN MINISTER KOZYREV IN BRUSSELS IF THE NORTH KOREAN SIDE WILL NOT MEET WELL KNOWN NON- PROLIFERATION OBJECTIVES AND THE ISSUE RETURNS TO THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL HE SAID THE USG VIEWS THE RUSSIAN PROPOSAL OF AN INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AS A USEFUL PART OF THE SANCTIONS PROCESS FOLLOWING PASSAGE OF A UNSC RESOLUTION BUT BEFORE IMPLEMENTATION OF SANCTIONS HE EMPHASIZED THAT ANY SUCH RESOLUTION MUST HAVE TEETH INCLUDING REFERENCE TO SECOND-STAGE SECRET- SEGRBT PAGE 03 MOSCOW 21443 01 OF 03 2913242 SANCTIONS 5 PANOV ASKED ABOUT THE TIME FACTOR IN THE NEGOTIATING PROCESS OBSERVING THAT THE TIME FRAME FOR ACTION ENVISAGED BY THE U S IS REALLY SHORT GALLUCCI RESPONDED THAT THE TIME FRAME IS BASED ON A TECHNICAL NORTH KOREANS COULD HAVE SERIOUS SAFETY PROBLEMS SOON IF THEY CANNOT EXTEND THE LIFE OF THE SPENT NUCLEAR FUEL IN THE YONGBYON COOLING POND THE US HAS OFFERED TO SEND A TEAM OF EXPERTS TO SEEK WAYS TO EXTEND THE LIFE OF THE FUEL SO AS TO BUY TIME TO PURSUE DPRK AGREEMENT OF THE SPENT FUEL FOR REPROCESSING IN A THIRD COUNTRY 6 PANOV OBSERVED THAT BEFORE THE SUMMIT YELTSIN WAS READY TO ANNOUNCE THAT RUSSIA IS WILLING TO PROVIDE LIGHT WATER REACTOR TO NORTH KOREA IF RUSSIA RECEIVED FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE TRANSFER PANOV ADDED THAT TWO DAYS AGO NORTH KOREA INFORMED THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT THAT IT DID NOT NEED FOUR 440 REACTORS BUT THREE Current Class Page 2 LUNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 -- CI 7 7 8 4 933 U S Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 i Current Class Current Handling NODIS Document Number 1994MOSCOW21443 LARGER VVR 635 REACTORS NUCLEAR COOPERATION BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES HAD STOPPED IN 1992 BUT BY THEN RUSSIAN SPECIALISTS HAD ALREADY MADE A FEASIBILITY STUDY AND DONE GEOLOGICAL RESEARCH NORTH KOREA KNOWS RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGY AND NORTH KOREAN SPECIALISTS GOT THEIR TRAINING IN RUSSIA PANOV SAID THAT ROK SUPPLY OF THE LWR IS TO THE DPRK FOR POLITICAL REASONS MAIN REMAINING ISSUE HE ASSERTED IS PAGE 04 MOSCOW 21443 01 OF 03 2913242 THEREFORE FINANCING FOR RUSSIAN PROVISION OF A LWR - 7 NOTING THE RESULTS OF HIS CONSULTATIONS IN SEOUL AND TOKYO ON POSSIBLE FUNDING GALLUCCI- RESPONDED THAT WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND THE RUSSIAN PROPOSAL AND MODEL BETTER HOWEVER WE MUST KEEP IN MIND OUR COMMON OBJECTIVE TO RESOLVE THE DPRK NUCLEAR PROBLEM IRRESPECTIVE OF WHICH COUNTRY SUPPLIES THE LWR TECHNOLOGY TO REPLACE THE GRAPHITELMODULATED SYSTEM HE EXPLAINED THAT THE USG HAD TOLD THE NORTH KOREANS TO KEEP AN OPEN MIND ABOUT THE SOURCE OF LWR TECHNOLOGY NORTH KOREA WANTS IRONCLAD GUARANTEES THAT IT WILL GET BUT THE U S CANNOT PROVIDE A CREDIBLE GUARANTEE UNLESS IT IS SOLIDLY BACKED BY FINANCING AND A RELIABLE SAFE TECHNOLOGY SOURCE 4aa urr' PAGE 01 MOSCOW 21443 02 OF 03 2913242 ACTION INFO LOG-00 ADS-00 000w 6212AF 2913252 38 2913 42 JUL 94 - FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW To SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6027 SECTION 02 OF 03 MOSCOW 021443 Current Class Page 3 Channel n a Page 3 I UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 US Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No C17784933 Date 05 09 2019 Current Class SEER-ET Page 4 Current Handling NODIS - DocumentNumber 1994MOSCOW21443 Channel n a NODIS E O 12356 TAGS PREL PARM MNUC KNNP KS KN CH JA RS SUBJECT DISCUSSIONS OF NORTH KOREA WITH RUSSIAN OFFICIALS DEPUTY - FOREIGN MINISTER PANOV 8 AMBASSADOR PICKERING ASKED PANOV TO CLARIFY WHETHER RUSSIA NEEDS FULL FINANCING OF AN LWR AND COULD NOT ITSELF BE A SOURCE OF FUNDING PANOV NOTED THAT RUSSIAFS LABOR COSTS WOULD BE CHEAPER AND IT COULD CONTRIBUTE ONLY TO THAT EXTENT 9 ON THE ISSUE OF SPENT FUEL PANOV SAID RUSSIA WAS PREPARED TO COOPERATE BUT WOULD NEED FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THIS TOO GALLUCCI NOTED THAT THE REPROCESSING CONTRACT WOULD SECRET SEGRET PAGE 02 I MOSCOW 21443 02 OF 03 291324Z GENERATE MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FOR THE CONTRACTOR HE THOUGHT IT MIGHT BE POLITICALLY MORE ACCEPTABLE FOR NORTH KOREA TO SHIP THE SPENT FUEL TO RUSSIA THAN SOME OTHER POSSIBLE DESTINATIONS 10 PANOV ASKED ABOUT REACTION TO THE SPENT FUEL QUESTION GALLUCCI RESPONDED THAT CHINA HAD TAKEN A POLITICAL POSITION WILL MAKE NO COMMITMENTS UNTIL DPRK INTENTIONS ARE 1 CLEAR - 11 PANOV SPECULATED THAT SHOULD RUSSIA TAKE THE SPENT FUEL ONE OPTION WOULD BE TO KEEP THE FUEL OR WASTE IN STORAGE ALTHOUGH THIS WOULD BE CRITICIZED BY ENVIRONMENTALISTS RUSSIA MIGHT BE ABLE TO STORE THE FUEL INDEFINITELY PANOV SAID STORAGE OF PLUTONIUM WOULD NOT BE A PROBLEM GALLUCCI SAID RUSSIA COULD ALSO CONSIDER PLACING THE PLUTONIUM UNDER IAEA SAFEGUARDS UNDER VOLUNTARY OFFER WITH THE IAEA AMBASSADOR PICKERING ADDED THAT THE USG IS BUILDING STORAGE FITS FOR PLUTONIUM IN RUSSIA AND MIGHT RESERVE A SPACE FOR NORTH KOREAN PLUTONIUM Current Class Page 4 I UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No DOC No 017784933 Date 05l09 2019 US Department of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 9 Current Class WET Page 5 Current Handling NODIS Document Number 1994MOSCOW21443 Channel n a 12 ASKED ABOUT THE CURRENT SITUATION IN NORTH KOREA PANOV SAID INFORMATION CAME MAINLY FROM NORTH KOREAN MEDIA ON THE NUCLEAR ISSUE THE DPRK FOCUSED ON TWO POINTS NORTH DESIRE TO CHANGE ITS NUCLEAR POWER PAGE 03 MOSCOW 21443 02 OF 03' 29I324Z PROGRAM TO AN LWR PROGRAM AND THE QUESTION OF WHAT TO DO WITH THE SPENT FUEL FROM THE YONGBYON REACTOR IN ADDITION THE DPRK HAD MADE CLEAR THAT IT WOULD NOT MOVE FORWARD ON RELATIONS WITH SOUTH KOREA UNTIL NORTH KOREAN RELATIONS WITH THE U S THERE IS NOW ONE TRACK INSTEAD OF TWO 13 ON NORTH INTERNAL POLITICS PANOV NOTED THAT KIM JONG IL HAD NOT YET BEEN ELECTED PRESIDENT OF NORTH KOREA OR SECRETARY GENERAL OF THE PARTY PANOV CONSIDERED IT STRANGE THAT THREE WEEKS AFTER THE DEATH OF KIM IL SUNG HIS SON HAD NOT BEEN OFFICIALLY CONFIRMED AS HIS SUCCESSOR PANOV OFFERED TWO POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS 1 THAT THE COUNTRY WAS STILL IN AND 2 THAT THERE WAS SOME FRICTION AND POSSIBLY A STRUGGLE INSIDE THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP ESPECIALLY WITHIN THE KIM FAMILY 14 PANOV SAID KIM JONG IL WAS NOT LOOKING WELL ON NORTH KOREAN TELEVISION AND WAS NOT SHOWING HIMSELF TO BE A STRONG LEADER HE MIGHT AGREE TO ABANDON THE PRESIDENCY AND TAKE ONLY THE SECRETARY GENERAL POSITION GIVING THE PRESIDENCY TO SOMEONE WITH MORE EXPERIENCE IN DEALING WITH FOREIGN AFFAIRS PANOV THOUGHT THE NORTH KOREAN LEADERSHIP WAS AFRAID TO SEND KIM JONG IL TO SEOUL AT THIS TIME PANOV GUESSED THE YOUNGER INEXPERIENCE WITH FOREIGNERS WAS ONE REASON FOREIGN LEADERS WERE NOT igg ggy TO THE ELDER ET SM PAGE 04 MOSCOW 21443 02 OF 03 2913242 FUNERAL - 15- MOISEYEV WHO SPENT 12 YEARS AS A DIPLOMAT IN Current Class SECRET Page I UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 US Department Of State Case NO M-2014-07825 Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 Current Class Page 6 1 Current Handling NODIS 4 Document Number 1994MOSCOW21443 - A 1 Channel n a PYONGYANG SAID HE HAD MET KIM JONG IL SEVERAL TIMES MOST RECENTLY 5-6 YEARS AGO AT THAT TIME KIM APPEARED HEALTHY LIVELY AND EVINCED NONE OF THE NEGATIVE CHARACTERISTICS DESCRIBED IN INTERNATIONAL MEDIA SPEECH DEFECTS EPILEPSY MENTAL INSTABILITY MOISEYEV SAID KIM KNOWS HIS COUNTRY WELL BUT NOT FOREIGN AFFAIRS 16 GALLUCCI NOTED THAT THE LEADER OF THE NORTH KOREAN DELEGATION TO THE GENEVA TALKS KAN SOK JU SAID HE REPORTED DIRECTLY To KIM JONG IL ON THE NUCLEAR ISSUE MOISEYEV SAID IT IS CUSTOMARY FOR DPRK OFFICIALS TO CITE DIRECTIONS FROM THE TOP LEADERS To UNDERSCORE THEIR UTHORITY BUT THEY DO NOT TYPICALLY REPORT FACE 5 SESREE PAGE 01 MOSCOW 21443 03 OF 03 2913252 ACTION INFO 000w i 621287 2913252 38 0 2913142 JUL 94 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 6028 SECTION 03 OF 03 MOSCOW 021443 NODIS E O 12356 TAGS PREL PARM MNUC KNNP KS KN CH JA RS SUBJECT A s DISCUSSIONS OF NORTH - KOREA WITH RUSSIAN OFFICIALS DEPUTY - FOREIGN MINISTER PANOV TO FACE MOISEYEV THOUGHT KIM JONG IL POSSESSED A COMPLETE POWER IN THE STRUCTURES ESTABLISHED BY HIS FATHER AND THERE WAS NO NEED FOR HIM TO BUILD MOISEYEV THOUGHT A POWER STRUGGLE WAS POSSIBLE BUT BELIEVED KIM JONG IL COULD REIGN AND PERHAPS EVEN RULE FOR UP TO FIVE YEARS IF THERE IS A POWER STRUGGLE IT WOULD BE WITHIN Current Class Page 6 UNCLASSIFIED US Department Of State Case No M-2014-07825 Doc NO 317784933 Date 05 09 2019 C177 8 4 933 US Department of State Case No Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09f2019 9 Current Class SECRET Page 7 - Current Handling NODIS Document Number 1994MOSCOW21443 Channel n a 17 PANOV COMMENTED THAT THERE WERE MANY OPINIONS AMONG RUSSIAN AND HE WAS NOT KIM WILL LAST FIVE YEARS THE DPRK ET SEGRET PAGE 02 MOSCOW 21443 03 OF 03' 2913252 ARRANGED THE SUCCESSION TO KIM IL SUNG WOULD BE AN INDICATION OF THE YOUNGER POWER IF HE TAKES BOTH THE PRESIDENCY AND THE SECRETARY GENERALSHIP THIS WOULD BE AN INDICATION OF STRENGTH PANOV NOTED HOWEVER THAT HISTORY SHOWS THAT IN ANY AUTHORITARIAN SOCIETY AFTER THE FALL OF A GREAT LEADER THE SUCCESSION PROCESS DID NOT WORK WE WOULD KNOW IN SEVERAL MONTHS HOW THE SUCCESSION WILL PLAY OUT IN NORTH KOREA 18 PANOV WHAT WAS IMPORTANT WAS TO SHOW THE NORTH KOREANS THAT THEY HAVE A WINDOW OF OPPORTUNITY TO CHANGE TO BE COMPENSATED AND TO DEVELOP ECONOMICALLY 19 THE DISCUSSION MOVED TO RELATIVES HIS UNCLE HAD BEEN ABSENT FOR 17 YEARS MOISEYEV POINTED OUT THAT THE UNCLE HAD SPENT SEVEN YEARS IN RUSSIA SPOKE FLUENT RUSSIAN AND MIGHT HAVE I i BEEN ARRESTED ON SUSPICION OF BEING TOO CLOSE TO - RUSSIA KIM PYONG IL THE SON OF KIM IL SECOND WIFE WAS SAID TO BE A REASONABLE MAN AND PROVED CAPABLE AS AMBASSADOR TO BULGARIA AND FINLAND 20 PANOV ALSO SUGGESTED LOOKING AT THE ARMY KIM JONG IL HAS BASE IN THE MILITARY HAVING PROMOTED 600 GENERALS BUT HE WAS NOT RESPECTED BY THE OLDER GENERATION ANOTHER GROUP SAID PANOV WAS THE TECHNOCRATS LED BY THE PRIME MINISTER WHO KNOW THE OUTSIDE WORLD SECRET SEEREEH PAGE 03 MOSCOW 21443 03 OF 03 2913252 AND MIGHT OPPOSE KIM JONG IL PICKERING - AHKHHEP Current Class guyaerr Page 7 I UNCLASSIFIED US Department of State Case No Doc No 017784933 Date 05 09 2019 This document is from the holdings of The National Security Archive Suite 701 Gelman Library The George Washington University 2130 H Street NW Washington D C 20037 Phone 202 994-7000 Fax 202 994-7005 nsarchiv@gwu edu