OfTtOKA l fOltM MO 10 MAY 1f62 fDlllON OIA ' l'f MI 41 CPU 101-11 6 UN ITED STATES GOVERN 1ENT-- El ALL lNFORMA ll ON CONTAI HEREIN IS UNCLAS SI F I JrJ ' EXCEPI WHERE SHOWJI £j _ - I Clas E G MemorandMh IHCR a·SDl •_·F Yl- ···· ·0- ' B-z s qe D Revie · ' 31 SZ- c-_' ' I w ··' _ th · F M ' 1 _ 's 117-2564 l ll'i · ·· SAC -' PITTS I3URGH 97-123 1 1 U suiJECT of 17 f OT J _ WJSE H E MJ if r D H ' MA IC f ·-- L SHAPIRO 1' r1 E D I TOMIC ENER'frii ACT I 172 5M ATE P assified la ssi __ A tA ___ '11 I f 7 t' ' I fi _FB I AUTOHATI C DBCLJ s BX BHP- s D_ TB - 2 oa y ReBulets to Pittsburgh dated 11 13 68 and 12 10 68 · New York airtel to Bureau dated 11 29 68 San Francisco letter _i·· 1 _ • ·• to Bureau dated 11 26 68 and Pittsburgh letters to Bureau '• dated 10 22 68 and 11 29 68 r_ • ' · other listed as above Enclosed for the Bureau are five copies and the offices two copies of IJIM dated and captioned · Enclosed LHM is being classified Secret since an Wlauthorized disclosure of a FBI 1nvestigation of the subject cpuld be detrimental to the national security interests of · this Government A · 1$ · - - ' ' ' I It should be noted that laf NUMEC Aoollo about r The on or copy of NUM tX publicatio received by SAL on 11 25 68 LI _______ • -------- Pa moved to 1 information document and referred to in enclosed LHM were ' l rough the mail from I I i -- b6 ·b 7c b7D b2 b6 b7C I· 1 PG 97-123 It is noted - ---i· that --- b6 b7C Cam r i c lg 1'ase rePort U subject's residence w '- ly at tended on 11 3 68 meeting With reference to the business propositions dis U c ssed with r- ubject during h ls recent visit to Israel referred to in enclosed LIDI 1 t J is recalled that subject has previously discussed businesB ventures ot this type On 10 26 68 subject expressed interest cheaical tac JJJ Y hich is b b uilt in Israel Allied Chemical Company · U U in a by the It appears that if subject can raise a million cJ c llars or so within the next few years he would not hesitate ·to 11Qye to Isra e J- d establish some business in that country ····f'if tW furnished The informafi' n to SAL-------- Credit I ______ by IC records attributed was to Pa were checked a t Pittsburgh __ - Location Source and third U source J are ' b2 C lr15 eCJ iw IL 8JCWJ c e L_ ____ t- __ -y re z 123 229 __ X ----- -------------' By request LEAD PITTSBURGH AT Will 4 • b6 b7C b7D cont-i ' r s PITTSBURGH PA 1 ALLEGHENYCOUNTY ·· · • '' ' bl PG 97-123-lA-42 C 147 il'WI8Dffl Al- - of 2_ subject ' UN IT E D STAT ES FEDERAL Pittsburgh January I n Reply P lease R efer to File No Class £xt Reas n- FCIM 1-t of Review J7 U U B U REAU BXl H r FROH AU OMA I C DECL S I FICA ION AUTH R TY DERIVED FROM· PBI U OMATIC Dl CLA s ME N'r°- 'ljF J UST I CE BXl u r m CODI 2 SX IC ATI ON GUIDE DATE l - 22 - 2008 OF I VESTIGAT I I ON I Pennsylvania 20 1969 p• • • K R'B • - - - ____ _ ALL INFORMA 'ION • s coNTAlm» sIFl » 2 4 2 6' O • · • - • HEREIN IS EXCEPT 'RH _o wf R WI SE - JO_ ------·· ·o 7'¥fS OWN DR ZALMANMORD AI SHAPIRO ' 1 H ' ·' - Investigation was instituted at the req General fo establish the nature and the Attorney of · za ·lman Mordecai Shapiro's relationship with th This could be connected wi Government of Israel of bis associatio in addition to or as a result Israeli officials and sympathizers in the United On October 10 1968 a source who has reliable information in the past advised thats l tioned that he was in contact with en that date During the course of this contact to source subject revealed that while in Washin September 30 1968 he spoke with Hermoni and Bt that although there were problems both were anx move ahead Subject explained according to sou they must first determine if the materials are a for exportation and in this connection he sen few days ago to the Commission Atomic Energy C requesting general information as to the availa materials for domestic as well as foreign appli Source went on to say th t he also inquired as as cost would be and if the metal w s available oxide and things of that sort Subject reporte that he further indicated in the letter that th urgently give consideration of the matter in vi · that it not only affects the possibility of cus also affects their desire to do development wor This document contains nor conclusions of the of the FBI and isloaned its contents are not to your agency neither recommenda FBI It is the pr to your agency i be distributed ou of or ith ate rnished ect menonetic ccording n D c n and s to e that ilable letter a ission AEC ity of the ions what the 11 as the stated ommission of t e fact ers but · r b6 b c - 2- r r - '' ' • ' ' ' ·· ---- GR Exclude downgra declass - Dj _ · s eJ l · ' - · · i - J le C s ·· S ed s During November 1968 the Security Of Washington D c made available a copy of a le October 8 1968 from subject to Dr Glenn T Se Chairman Unit8d States Atomic Energy Commission D c which real as follows e AEC r dated rg ashington Dear Dr Seaborg NUMEC Nuclear Materials and Equipment orporation has been receiving a number of requests fr potential domestic and foreign customers t nisb them with microwatt and milliwatt the electric generators powered by Pu-238 Th umber of these inquiries has increased since the o ficial A E C announcement indicating the availab l ty of Pu-238 for commercial applications ' I bl s MT DR ZALMAN MORD OCAISHAPIRO However despite this announcement web found it impossible to make any firm propc eal for the supply of these units because we have not been able to get definitive answers to questions put to the A E C regarding availabi of the material in metallic form purity en a sulation cost schedule and possible restric i on use for domestic and foreign applications More specifically we must know 1 Whether the material will be equal available for foreign applications as well as domestic applications If this is not the case what the specific restrictions are on foreig sales 2 Whether there are any restrictions the amount of Pu-238 in any partic device assuming it can be license 3 Whether any special criteria are t employed in the design of the caps the device in which the capsule is f from the standpoint of licensing domestic or foreign use 4 What the minimum purity be 5 Whether the material will be made as metal as well as oxide since t is unfit for many applications what will the minimum purity spec and price on the metal be if it i 6 What maximum tolerance can be exp c ed on the specified thermal and radi ton output s of the oxi e and cated will $ DR ZALMANMORDECAISHAPIRO 7 Whether material be the A E C will encapsulate and if so what the cost 8 Whether the customer will be expec supply the capsule parts or whether A E C will want to supply them 9 What the basis will be for establis of delivery schedules and whether t be considered firm for quotation to potential customers t e i 1 nt e can We urgently request that these matters resolved as quickly as possible so that we c make definitive replies to our potential cus as well as determine whether we should conti our own private development of devices for c mercial sale It would be especially helpful we could obtain immediate resolution of Item 1 5 7 and 9 During December 1968 the Security Of a copy of a le Washington D c made available November 20 1968 from Glenn T Seaborg Chairm n States Atomic Energy Commission Washington D subject which readsas follows Dear Zal This is in response to your letter 1968 containing various questions r ' of Octob 8 pertaini g to plutonium 238 for commercial applications I am heartened by the increasing interest in h use and of plutonium 238 as mentioned in your lette I want to be of assistance in any way I can the otope encouragement of the beneficial use of this t of and other Commission products In the inte your clarity and to be sure I have responded to questions I am answering the letter in the format as you sent it to me s SEC DR ZALMANMORDECAISHAPIRO In answer to your first •uestion the 500 gra of plutonium 238 made available in April 1968 may be used for foreign applications as well domestic applications Overseas distribution in the free world is made on a non-discrimin t basis by 1 direct purchase through the u Atomic Energy Commission by means of a forma request from the overseas customer to the Di of International Affairs U S Atomic Energy Commission Washington D C or 2 by dire t purchase from any private source subject to applicable rules and regulations of the Atom c Energy Commission for the export of special nuclear materials With regard to your second question and in context of your request i e plutonium 238 microwatt and milliwatt thermoelectric gener there are no restrictions on the amount of p 238 in a single device assuming it can be 1 Criticality is the only concern in terms of amount of plutonium 238 that can be used in particular device The answer to your third question is that f standpoint of licensing for domestic or for use there are no special criteria to be em in the design or the capsule and the device which the capsule is located · oncerning your questions 4 part of 5 a we have enclosed a very recent compilation tonium 238 data which has been accumulated Mound Laboratory over a number of years W is no material specifications as such for commercially available plutonium oxide the should be helpful in answering your questio concerning the characteristics of the isoto oxide metal and other forms on the basis o average values The heat source specificati which was developed for the cardiac pacema in which you are currently participating considered typical of the metal which the could supply • $ DR ZALMANMORDECAISHAPIRO With regard to the remainder of question 5 a d questions 7 8 and 9 conversion from th to other forms such as the metal and encap services are available through AEC laborator additional cost but only if they are not ava from private industry Members of our staff ve bad discussions with the following companies ich have indicated some capabilities in these ar Atomics International Donald W Douglas Lab tory General Nuclear Incorporated Monsanto Resea Corporation and the Vallecitos Atomic Labor of the General Electric Company As stated Dr Herman M Roth Director Laboratory Uni Division Oak Ridge Operations Office in hi letter dated October 29 1968 to Mr C H of your company if these or other commercia sources are not responsive to your needs t thro you wish to have done can be requested Isotopes Sales Department of the Oak Ridge Laboratory The criteria for the AEC perfo this work are essentially those which Dr R enumerated Namely your request should be a companied by a list of the commercial firms you have tacted their reasons and yours for not providing t services and any other information which would be us 1 in evaluating your request The description o he work ity you wish to have done should include the qu of isotope fuel the fuel form thermal wat source capsule design encapsulating mater a and total number of heat sources to be fabr Only after this information has been receiv the costs of your work which would be base cost recovery be established At that tim delivery schedules could be established on non-interfering basis and a determination m w as to whether NUMECor the AEC laboratory supply capsule parts SEC ET DR ZALMANMORDEX AISHAPIRO I hope this information has been helpful toy and that I have answered all your questions X 238 in milliw concerning the use of plutonium and microwatt thermoelectric generators I w be happy to have you discuss these matters f with Commission personnel if you so - - __ this regard I suggest that you call-- -- -- J and for programmatic and licens discussions respectively and they will be to arrange to meet with you On November 22 1968 l ce Radiation Laboratory LRL Livermore-- -C a l i f o-r-n i-a- Jadvd that about three years earlier he had partial responsi ity for a project in the Special Materials Group of the L ratory involving a research and development contract wit ubject 's for firm Nuclear Materials and EquiRm t Corporation Special processing of nuclear material of th nd _l___ _ Materials Group handled details o thl contract when subject was at t e Labonly met the subject briefly oratory on business had no knowledge o nections of the subject with the Israeli governm n • _ --- subject and his firm had been a source of concer o while the contract was in existence Under ti- n ract the Laboratory furnished Special Nuclear materia o NUMEC for processing Accountability for such materia s strict because of its cost and toxicity poisonous Pas xperiences average percentages of loss of m rial during had established y the firm processing of the ty__pe done by NUMECand the los seemed excessive tol The equipment used by NUMECwas govern owned and furnished by the Laboratory Upon completio the contract the firm tried to persuade the Laborat to leave the equipment where it was on the grounds that i ould be cheaper to leave it than to return it to Livermo and decontaminate it In support of this argument e firm furnished lists of equipment it claimed bad been ontaminated l showed that some f these Subsequent inspection byl items had never been used at all This led to suspect NUMF X of trying to get e equipment free anLd -T--irt ed further distruat of this firm _att - 7 - s $ ET b6 b7C DR ZALMANMORDECAISHAPIRO J did not have details concerning contract since he did not work directly on it He know how the contract was finally terminated beca received a new assignment at the Laboratory p its completion e NUMEC id not he to b6 b7C I On November 29 1968 I El Al Airlines John F Kennedy JFK International Air New York City advised that subject departed JFK El Al Israel Flight #256 at 10 00 p m on Novembe 1968 for Tel Aviv Israel with scheduled arriva J Aviv at 6 30 p m November 29 1968 4- 1' __ ___ advised that subject had retu n reservations from Tel Aviv Israel on December 12 19 aboard El Al Israel Flight #255 arriving New York City 5 40 p m U E ' ff f st source ad December vi n that date subject briefly discussed ' 'tsrael with Joseph Swartz an attorney personal friend and business associate to this source subject informed Swartz Israel was satisfactory but very hectic no rest during his visit Subject said U that his recent isit to and a long ime of subject According that hist ip to and that h obtained accordi to source 10 t e o ' · m is t th s t 0 Subject indicated to Swartz according this source that he is seriously considering the pos ility of settling in Israel within the next four or five e rs decided on th ype of Subject said he has not definitely work he will pursue when he moves to Israel but at during his recent visit he was offered a professorship ich at s time subject indicated __ was not what he desired Subject advised according to source that the I eli government is presently very interested in conve ng their technology in the nuclear field into commercial terprises Subject added according to source that other i eresting business opportunities were discussed c l1 1ring his isit FJ U but to · take advantage he must raise approximat $1 000 0 - 8 - s#ipr SEC T DR ZALMANMORDlOC'AI SHAPIRO • · Source said Swartz informed subject that to visit Israel on or about December 22 1968 S U remarked · · acc ordiI g to source that if Swartz nee phone numbers of people in Israel Sw artz shoul the numbers from his wife Evelyn 81iapfro On December 18 1968 receptionist Credit Burea u- - -I n c - --- 4i'n m 1 i Street Pit burgh Pa advised tha_j -iler re show Jose wartz and wife Reva I ' Swartz reside at 415 Braddock Road Pittsburgh 21 and have resided at that address since appro mately 1952 The records show Swartz has be n a self-employed attorney since 1953 and that office is located at 1231 Frick Building Pi burgh Pa Reva- Swartz is shown to be emplo as an Assistant to the Dean of Nurses School University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pa a ihas been employed in this position since app nuary mately 1958 He is shown to have been born 13 1911 and that both he and his wife main in a satisfactory credit standing with that bur u By letter dated November 3 1966 AEC a summary of the foreign activities of NUM states in part that NUMECis a sales agent Government of Israel through its Ministry o Division of Supplies 830 Third Avenue New New York In this connection NUMEChas an a ment with the Israel Atomic Energy Commissi work on insect control and as do biological establishing facilities for the irradiation preservation of citrus fruits In this lat connection NUMECand the Government of Isr represented by the Israel AEC have formed in Israel called Isotopes and Radiation Ent Ltd ISORAD which is an organization to d experimental and commercial work in irradia n processing of foodstuffs and other commodi t s f # 14 b6 b7 C DR ZALMAN MORDECAISHAPIRO X that Inn that da ' j f c j e c r i v rael 'itth Osc Gray an attorney from Washington D c and Vice President of NUMEC According to source sub· t informed Gray that although his two-week visit to was hectic it was also very fruitful in that he a better understanding of the current political s in Israel and in addition was furnished informat o concerning several business opportunities of mutual ·n erest to the Israeli government and himself Subject cording to source revealed that he was led to believe fr disgovernme that cussions held with people in the Israeli and disc they were at that time very disorganized that they continue to remain skeptical about rece Phanthom F-4 fighter planes from the United State Willia ·' Scranton's recent visit to the Middle s the direction of President-elect Richard M -N xon preconceived Scranton's approach and th t tha cranton held no authority to make final decisions Subje continued according to source that the Israeli government now of the opinion that they cannot trust anyone Is 1 continued subject is currently in the need of he and particularly large sums of money Subject advise according to source that Israel is capable of actually bui ing their own fighter planes as far as airframes and lectronics are concerned but that they lack the knowledge f designing rently U th e pl _es _ __which n -t °1w technologies c unavailable ·to them r Subject further informed Gray accordi to source - eral that individuals in the Israeli government propo business ventures which they believed to be mut y profitable to both the Israeli government and himse Subject said the proposition he is particularly interest in and will attempt to follow through with involved the ilding of a testing laboratory in Israel of the Pittsburgh sting Laboratory and the State of Washington Batelle ratory type Subject said according to source that t e Israeli fr the congovernment is willing to guarantee $2 500 000 can rais 500 000 struction of this laboratory if subject it would be any sy task Although subject did not believe tempt to accomplish he indicated that he was going to U nisethe money c ed Subject t 1 ox DR ZALMAN MORDFX AI SHAPIRO by mentioning that the Israeli government wants to an aluminum extrusion plant this facility could with a $2 000 000 investment and the Israeli gove n would be willing to make concessions so that an i could get ona__ f the extrusion plant for am U do l lars pl ut in started ent stor ion Subject also discussed according to so e the need for a complete aluminum industry in Israel is would be a $30 000 000 plant with the country Israel ng at least 50 per cent of the plant's production wi the remainder for export The acquisition of raw mat r als for such a plant would present some problems but sub et believed U ··· according ···to source - -these problems could be over o e Source advised that subject revealed th t Israel is anxious to convert their technologies in nucle centers to commercial business but that subject indicate e was ype of U devoting all of his time to thi k Subject further revealed that Israel ha for drillin holes in diamonds which is not acco tta use of a ' Laser • and that this technique has n commercial possibilities Source adv t t su U not elaborate further on the above 1 U reiterated t Source advised that subject of the propositions discussed during his visit t the building of a laboratory sounded most appeali and added that it would take approximately eight e to organize the business Subject said that bot and industrial branches of the Israeli governmen to have this laboratory in operation although be o he would secure contra ts from all Israeli govern to insure their use of the laboratory Subject source stressed the fact that Israel desperate c money and desiJ fould and anyone with a little plen ty in Israel at this - time • Pl technique lished by ·t Gf all srael to him months he defense re anxious e commencing t serv-ices cording to eeds money omplish DR ZALMAN MORD EX AI SHAPIRO Subject went on to say according to sou e that concerning ISORAD they are currently attempting to et an ding irradiator built and have eight or nine bids outst y made Subject indicated that a Cara lian outfit has curren added the best bid to date According to source subjec f bids that he brought back to the United States a coupl alysis U to ···re view an - e if the basis for their is realistic A J' '' U lon · · cember 15 - 96 Ja bird source o ihas furnisheA- eliable information in the past advis d 11that on that date subject contacted I n employee at NUM and that during the course of the conve s tion l inquiried about subject's recent visit t Israel subject revealed that his tw - eek According to source vacation in Israel afforded him an opprtunitr -_t o _ i aL c h up on some overdue rest Subject explained to that he had no close calls while in Israel w·i t h - ----- guerrillas with whom the people of Israel must co on a daily basis d source sub e on to ex lain that Jk ' b6 b7C bl C X supra On December 17 1968 advised that her re·' c 0 -- r - r s n- T'Z -- _ 1 1 b6 £ L-----------'l ' ' ' --- - J The records show since he bas maintained a s is with that bur eau J aj as The actory a- b7C SEC F r DR ZALMANMORDECAISHAPIRO 1 U that on December 21 19 bird source d L n that d subject's wife Reva Swartz wife of Joseph S w a r - z p r e v o_ u s y men ned land to carry a package on her forthcoming vis t Isr m she to deliver same to a person by the name o b6 explained was connected with the Israel atom c ene b C she rdvised Reva according to source would write this individual's name and ne n the packa Third source advised that ce-- a- n - r- _ _ 1 d esc ri bed t Reva as being a very n ' i i- U ··· person ··· that ··On D eml er 24 968' frl rst source advi vacasubject and his fad ly planned to spend the Christ will subject ion in San Juan Puerto Rico Source advised th Flight depart Pittsburgh Pa via Eastern Airlines rida 303 at 9 05 a m December 25 1968 for Miami n Juan and will leave Miami via EAL Flight 590 arriving will 4 05 p m same date Source revealed that subj ember 31 stay at the Condado Beach Hotel San Juan until burgh 1968 when he and his family plan to return to Pi 950 de rting San Juan 9 05 Pa via EAL Fligj U December ··3·1 1968 It U hat on n Januar 8 1969 third source advise I bl C Ltl i @n November 25 1968 a fourth source fur hed reliable information in the past- -lrevea during September 1968 NUMEX commenced pu Ei' ishin page newspaper temporarily called NUMECNews is currently running a contest among their employ obtain a more suitable name _D_R __ • _z_A_LMA __ N_M_O_R_D_E __ C_A __ 1_s HA ___ P__ I R __ O dthat Concerning this publication source adv is subject recently informed employees at NUMECthat cause of the growth of NUMl Cthere exists a need to esta ish an effective way for getting information to emplo sat NUMECconcerning their plans problems and activi and that the publication of this newspaper is inte serve that purpose fit so e vise is rec L J U ta he earned T't·h-a 'Tt 'NU M i - --_ s-u-s'T- a T ' n-e- -u-n-a-c-c-o-u-n a---e--o-s-s-e-s--'of n lear ' '4 material since that this material might poss ly have th'kli been diverted by subject to Israel iourth source vealec that about the same period of time that NUMECsust ed the unaccountable losses of U-235 subject was inv ved in the development and manufactu reof food irradiators Israel Source advised that at least one large ir 1as manufactured and a number of smaller units ca Howitzers were manufactured and sent to Israel was of the opinion that had U-235 or any other nuc material been available for shipment to Israel it the have been a simple matter of placing large quantit material in these food irradiator units and shippi Israel with no questions asked @n November 25 1968 fourth sourc ma e ' a copy of attached four-page document entitled and bearing the subtitle Neutron-Pac irradiato NAC-64 which describes the irradiator-Howitzer o manufactured and sent to Israel by subject accord n source b6 b7C b7D - · _ _ · i • - - i -· - · 14 _ · i - - - ·___ Nuclear Materials and Equipnient Corporation internationally recognized as a leading manufac· turer of nuclear materials equipment and radioisotopes offers another new commercial product -th e NUMEC Neutron-Pac Through its inherent versatilit y this unique neutron irr adiator-howitzer enables a diversity of experiments in th e areas of chemistry physics biology and metallurgy -· _ - ·· -- __ ___ __ _ _ ' -· ·- -- of f ·· -· -- • I neutron f lux 7 5 to 8 0 x 10' thermal e rons per square centimeter per second is pr d ced from three 2 •curi e NUMEC Pu-Be or Am 8 neutron sc urce While neutron interaction n be demonstrated wit h only a single 1 or c ri source up to 30 curies can be used safely The stainless steel irr adia o t ank i s carefully filled with a special paraff n pr cpar tion which provides efficient neutron m eration and fast neutron shielding lrr adiati' n ith fast neutrons is accomplished through t se of cadmium or boron liners which filter out th thermal neutrons An activat ion potential the_r Fun ctional capabilities of the r Jeutron-Pac® Include Demonstra t ion and investigation of neutron phenomena Irradi ation of biological spe imcns including small animals plants and seeds Gencrati c5h·01 appreciable quant ities of radioisotopes Activ ation analysis of gaseous liquid and solid materials H oo- · Opera ional Features The NUMEC Neutron -Pac r dily provides 'IU· ious types of irradiation f cil ie th more important operational feature i elude A single posit ion high-e fi •ency thermal neu· tron facility with reprod ci e geometry Simultaneous irrad iatio i three reproducitla geometry thermal neutr n posit ions Thermal or fast neutro s all ar ima im ciat ion facilit y Production of up to r ill uri e quantities of radioisotopes Infin itely variable geon ct y for thermal neOJ· tr ons in a liquid filled c l ity Fast and thermal neut o I beams for irradiati on and att enuation e p iments Description The Neutron-Pac® is a cylindri cal tan k containing fiv e f ixed therma l radiation positions an irr adia ti on well wilh removable plugs of solid moderating material and a liquid irradiation tank Neutron sources or material for bombardment may be inserted in irr adiatio n posit ions in t he plug s or the plugs may be entirely removed to permit introduct ion of an animal cage or a twelve lite r soluti on container for irradiation by sources within or below the liquid From one to three fast or th ermal neutron beam ports are also available as optional features _ y 1 1 t CTi·1' · sr J 5 tf q - - 'j'c l - J · - c -- - - _r- --· - - ·-·- -·- · -·- - ·- •- - •- ·- --- -- -- ·· - -· _ --· - · - ·-- ·- - _ - -- - __ ·• Description The upper plug prov ides hi ding ·while the • source handling rod holes p ov e ventilat ion as shown in Arraneement 4 The d esign of the NUMEC Neutr on-Pac® offers unique operating versatility A brief description of the various operational arrangements is presented below 5 Exp rimcnt Tank a li quid with Dry Source 1 Central Source Position with Annul ar Exp niments Arrnngement 1 shows upper and lower polyethylene plugs in the vertical experimental well and a source or sources in the central irradiation positio n Sample ·containers are in th e three annular Irr adiation positions which are located 120° apart in the region of maximum thermal flux This arr angement enables th ree different or similar cxperime ts to be conducted simulta neously 2 Annul ar Source Positi on with Central Experi ment Thermal neutron flux ri ses to a maximum and then decreases as a function of distance from a fast neutron source due to the combined effects of geometry and moderation The Neutron-Pac® takes advantage of this phenomenon achieving higher flux when thr ee sources are placed in the annular positions and a single experiment is performed in the central ir radiation position as sho· •m in Arrangement 2 3 Beam Experiments in Vertical Position Any of the thre e vertica l irradiation positions may be used as a vertical beam port for absorptimetry experi ments and analysis or for neutron radiography as shown in Arrangement 3 A fast neutr on beam ·can be obtained by lining any irradiation position with a cadmium s1eeve 4 Small Animal l rrndialors For radiation exposure of small animals a cage may be placed on the lower polyethylene plug By replacing the upper polye h 1Jene plug v ith the ' liquid ir radiation tank as sho vn Jn Arrangement 5 the entire 8 diameter by 1 ' high cyl indrical volume is available for eithe f · t or slow neutron experimentation depending n hether an unlined or cadmium-lined tank is u e · For t hese experiments the source s are pla e at the tup of the lower polyethylene plue T e radiat ion in this t ank may be performed in a r under any liq uid in a system with infinite i c mental g'Jometric variab les or the tank ma b used to prcduce radioisotopes in large volu e of solut ions b Liquid with Wet Source Simple fixtures can be use suspend rr ultiple NUMEC neutron sources i t liquid experiment tank thereby allowing m xi um interaction of t he emitted neutrons with h tank contents The liqu id experiment tank m y also be filled with water into which cxperi · en capsules are jr mersed thereby providin a completely flexib le facility with unlimited o r ecs and samples arr angement possibilities 6 Horizontal Radial Baa Where horizontal rather t a becim irradiation is desirable up to hr e optio nal horizontal radial beam ports are av ila le to provide fither slow or fast neutron bea 1 which can be used for absorptimetry or for r iographic purpos as shown in Arrangemen 6 If a fast neutron beam s desi red a cadmium radial beam shield is in er d in the beam port to absorb most or the t e al neutrons in the beam Typical Operating and Experimental Tank Arrangement Samp le Source So urces Samp les 2 Centr al Sample 1 Ce ntral Source Annular Sources Samp le ri- --tr- Sou rces Anima l C te Sourc es S C ' J C 11l ltl1 4 An imal lrradiat or r Ca mit Sa r r lc I 5 Experimen t T• nk V ri bl Ceomelry -2- 6 1 L - J Ji__ o r on t al Radial ea Port x · I eutron-Pac ® Specifications Container The basic structure of the Neutron· Pac® is a 22 di ameter by 35 high stainless stee 1 container with a coved experiment tray a vertical experim ental well a hinged cover with lock and key and optional beam ports with lock and key The container is mounted on ball beari g cc1sters for easy mobility Design considera· t1ons enabl sources and port shields to be secured so that t he Neutron-Pac@ can be safely left unatte nded du ring irradiation periods Shie 1dine A special microcrystalline wax having a melting point of 157 ° F and a flash point of 550°F is carefully cast between t he vertical experim ent well and the outer contc1iner to provide an int egral uniform shield for t he operator With the source in the central position a surface dose rate of less than 1 mrem per hour per curie of Pu-Be and Am-Be source occurs Ve rtica1 Irr adiation Well An 8 diameter by 21 high vertical irradiation well holds the 5 lower and 16 upper polyethylene irradiation plugs which provide four fix ed irradiation positions of l % diam eter Placing a 12 5 lit er stainless steel irradiation tank in the vertical irradiation well provides contain· ment for solutions to be irradiated or allows infinitel y variable geometry An optional cadmium· lin ed liquid irradi ation tank is avail able when fast neutron interactio n is desired When th e animal cage is placed on the lower polyethyl ene irrad iation plug the upper plug provides shielding for the operc1tor and ventilation fo r ani· mals A stainless steel drain and valve are provided in the bottom of the well to facilitate cleaning or dra ining Sample Shield and Removal Tool Each of three 17 V2 long sample shield and removal tools locks onto one of the th ree sample containers by means of a J slot These containers are then usable to position fo ils liquid irradiation bottle s or mate· rials for irradiation in any of the four fixed vertical irradi ation positions These tools shield t he source when the annular array is used Source Lifting Tool A 30 source lif ting tool with a permanent magnet is provided for convenient and s11fcmoving of sources and rnae n· t ic poly· ethyl ene p ugs- The dos 30 fr om an Am-8 or Pu Be neutron source is 3 5 mr hr curie t hus an exposure of 30 curie ·hours per week at 30 may be tolerated before reachin e t he U S A E C maximum permissible dose of 100 rpr wee k -3- Foils A set of cti ati n ils is prov ided w ich consists of 10 indium fo Is 20 cadmium fo ils on e lO k gold foil and o e 8k gold fo il Calibrat d foils are also available Source Magnetic Cap 'Three source magnetic caps of 430 stainles s el are attached to the standard NUMEC Pu B · neutron sourc e or the Type A NUMEC Arn·B utron source Spa ers Five magne ic nd twelve % diam eter plex1glass spacers ar i tluded Oi hcrs are av2il· able as an extra Experiment al J pp ica io s The operational fea r s of the Neutr m Pac@ enable nurnerous ex e ments to b performed typ ical experiments re dascribed in step ·by·st c procedural fashion i he Neutron·Pac@ Experiment Manual A part· I sting of experim ent cate· gories follows General Radiation Survey Absolute Foil Cou in Physics Half·life and Satu at d Activity Total Cross·Sectio Yv Aborbers Most Probable Ne tr n Energy Temperature Coef ici · nt of Nuclear Cross·scction Fission Product A t i ty Neutron Reactor o trot 1 Poison 2 Reflection Neutron Radiogr Chemi try Activation Analys s uantitative ar d Qualitative Isotopic Analysis b Absorptimetry Production of Sh rt ·Liv d lsotop£s Im Mn PH g t V Jnrn Ir '• Rem scJeral rare earths a others Isotope Dilution e hnique Physical Chemis ry tudies solL•bilitie s electrode reactions etc Slurry Settling Diffusion Szilard·Chalmer Metallurgy Diffusion Activa ion of G Id and P a inum·lridium Ho1 s Radio rJphy Trace nalysis i Biolozy Translocation f Plants 7' 111 and Mn u in Anirr a s a rt · __ _ _ _·_ _ __ -- ·-· __ · _ · ·-- _ _· - ·-- --· ·---- _ ·· ···--····- ·-·-· - - · I • • Neut r_c 1 sources of Pu-Be and Am-B e are avail· able fr om NUMEC for neutron irradiator-howitzer and other appli cations These sources are attrac tive 'fro m an experimental viewpo int since the ir • Hi h lnt er ity Wtld Hi1h lntt1 1ity Wtlds I • tt p 02so· o 2so· '·' 'i i l 1 0 1 s· l Hi h 1ntearity Welds 0 030 0 010· I Hi h I 1nte2rity WellJi Standa rd NUMEC Am er icium Neu t ron Source Capsule Inner Cap su le 304L Stainle ss Steel Out er Capsulc 304L St ain less St eel St anda rd NUMEC Pl ut oniu m Neutro In ner Capsul e Tant alum Outer Capsu le 304 L Stainl ess Steel ur ce Ca ps ule I Standard NUMEC Pu239 -Be Neut ron Sources ----------- ---- - ----- ---- Cat loi Desir r z ion Plutonium Con r nt Curies Cr 1ms Di s tu Cylls1cr I n 1 tr in r In 1 16 1 310 1 105 l 8x 10' 32 1 310 1 510 3 6 48 1 310 l ong tp roxlrn t e s ren3 l S Sourc s v lth o 2so· c p 3r 1 32 tl d h te --- -------NUMEC-M - -----1 NUM EC·C 2 NUMEC·D -----1---- ---NUMEC·F 3 4 64 NUMEC·H 5 80 • J -- · high specific activ ity combined wit perm it s a hieh constant neutron o t lit Speci ficati on data fo r NUMEC Pu-Be and m ·s e neutron sourc es is presented below · -- --- - t---- ·-- --- · -------- -------- 1 310 1-- --lf----- 1 310 Price 2j U S Colle s 10 5 4 X 10 1- --- -- I- 1 915 - -- 2 320 2 720 7 2 X 10 9 0 X 10 I _J -- --111X · ____ $ 665 --- ----765 ·-------865 965 ----- i -- - 1 065 - -- · I j Standard NUMEC Am-Be Neutro n Sources r Oi meter Arr ericlum Cooten t Curies Crams Cat le CcsiinJtion l eo th C liM r In 1 Cylind•r In 1 Approi m i e Price s n th S Pl NUMEC-AM·31·3A --- - ------ i-- --- NUMEC-AM-93·3A 3 NUl 1EC·AM -123·3A -- - ---- -·-- -- -----l 4 1 310 0 618 1 310 1----- 5 NUMEC-AM·l 85·3A _ 6 -- - --- -·---- 0 926 1 310 ·---- l 3 1 3 10 •--- -- - -- 1--- - ----- ----- ______ --- -- 1----____ ___· __________ NUMEC·AM-154·3A l 0 309 1 -------- - --- ··--- 2 NU 1EC·AM·62·3A I U S O llu s Sources 1• i h o 2so· c •r d 10 32 t cd hcle 1 54 __ __1 85 _ 1 310 ----· ---- 1 310 -----·- - ----· - 1 020 1 170 -· ·--- 1 320 2 225 3 240 · ·- -t--r--r- ---· --- 3 7 40 ± 0 002 inches Pu ·Oc prices inc lude sou rce fabrication JII USAEC use ar'ld loss chareE -s durinz Cl All dim ens ions a rc 2 fJ bricatio call bratic o f s ource agJinst s t3 n d · ard N UMEC sourc and ••311 risk marine ir s ur ance during tr 1nsi t within co ntin ental Un ited Stah1 s $ 0 hu1dl it1g eh ge Is added to each nC'ln·domes t ic ord e r P ric e s do no t include lhe contained plutonium wh ich mu st be le sc from the USAEC by do mes t ic cu s tomers an d purc h Jscd froin the USAEC by n o n -domestic cu st om ers 3 Am-nc price incf ud ource Jb r c 3tion contained imcr icium p cki n g lnd sh ippini per I C C and ot er a·nd 111ri k'' m rinc in ura nc e fr om N JtlEC to n ' p iin t w it in he cvri ir e t I t n t C Stat s A S O l t o Co Ch non·dorn st c ordl r Sh ippi ng co ntainers ·c ln be pu ch3se-d for cus omc r stc ace use or rcturr c d to NUMEC for d1 posit r ru Prices are subject to ch 3 nge without notice 40 - - -4- pp ficat li fClUbtions lint cha rc c i- fJed - ---- ' ·x · -· ·· ···-- · -· ·- - --•· ···- -----····