CO 5 84 7 O32·IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 RELEASE IN PART 50X2 WMD 50X4 SECRET MOSCOW 36194 01 OF 06 2606142 PAGE 01 ACTION SS-00 INFO LOG-00 ADS-00 0O0W ----7F0CF4 2606142 38 P 26061 OZ NOV 92 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7017 INFO AMEMBASSY MINSK AMEMBASSYALMAATA AMEMBASSY KIEV REVIEW AUTHORITY Theodore Sellin Senior Reviewer EXDIS From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive S E C R ET SECTION 01 OF 06 MOSCOW 036194 DECAPTIONED DEPT PASS SECDEF AS SPECAT EXCLUSIVE DEPT ALSO PASS CIA WASHDC E O 12356 DECL OADR TAGS PARM PREL CBW MNUC MCAP OVIP RS SUBJECT CODEL NUNN-LUGAR DISCUSSIONS ON ARMS CONTROL WITH DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER KOKOSHIN 1 SECRET - ENTIRE TEXT 2 SUMMARY SENATORS SAM NUNN AND RICHARD LUGAR MET NOVEMBER 19 WITH RUSSIAN FIRST DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER ANDREY KOKOSHIN AND SENIOR MEMBERS OF THE SECRET SECRET PAGE 02 MOSCOW 36194 01 OF 06 2606142 RUSSIAN GENERAL STAFF THEY DISCUSSED THE FOLLOWING - KOKOSHIN CITED A NEED FOR GREATER CLARITY IN THE DRAFT START-2 AGREEMENT ON THE QUESTION OF SS-18 SILO CONVERSION DOWNLOADING OF MISSILE WARHEADS AND THE CONVERSION OF THE 8-1 BOMBER TO NON-NUCLEAR ROLES 50X2 WMD 50X4 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 CO 5 8 4 7 O3 2 IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 50X2 WMD 50X4 - THE SENATORS ALSO DISCUSSED HOUSING FOR RUSSIAN OFFICERS BALTIC TROOP v'ITHDRAWALS AND STRATEGIC DEFENSES END SUMMARY SECRET PAGE 03 MOSCOW 36194 01 OF 06 2606142 3 SENATORS NUNN AND LUGAR MET NOVEMBER 19 WITH FIRST DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER DR ANDREY KOKOSHIN WITH KOKOSHIN WERE THE RUSSIAN ACTING CHIEF OF THE GENERAL STAFF GEN-COL KOLESNIKOV CHIEF OF THE RUSSIAN NUCLEAR RISK REDUCTION CENTER GEN-LT MEDVEDEV DEPUTY CHIEF OF THE INTERNATIONAL TREATY DIRECTORATE GEN-MAJ KOLTUNOV THREE OTHER ONE-STAR GENERALS FROM THE GENERAL STAFF AND DR SERGEI ROGOV DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES' USA CANADA INSTITUTE AND FOUR MEMBERS OF KOKOSHIN'S PERSONAL STAFF NUNN AND LUGAR WERE ACCOMPANIED BY STAFFERS RICHARD COMBS KEN MEYERS AND ROBERT BELL DEFENSE ATTACHE BG GOVAN AND EMBASSY POLMILOFF START-2 4 GEN-MAJ KOLTU NOV LED OFF BY NOTING THAT THE RUSSIAN ASSESSMENT OF THE START-1 AND START-2 AGREEMENTS WAS THAT THEY WERE FUNDAMENTALLY COMPATIBLE BUT THAT GREATER CLARITY WAS NEEDED ON SEVERAL KEY POINTS A CONVERSION OF HEAVY MISSILE SILOS 1 KOLTUNOV STRESSED THAT THE RUSSIAM SIDE BELIEVES SECRET SECRET UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive KOKOSHIN MEETING SECRET CO 5 8 4 7 O3 2 IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 2 IN REPLY SENATOR NUNN STRESSED THAT ALTHOUGH HE HAD NOT COME TO NEGOTIATE AND WAS NOT A CLINTON ADMINISTRATION SPOKESMAN HE KNEW THAT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE CHENEY AND CHAIRMAN OF THE JOINT CHIEFS COLIN POWELL HAD REPEATEDLY ASSURED HIS COMMITTEE DURING START-1 HEARINGS THAT THE ISSUE OF POTENTIAL SECRET NNNN SECRET MOSCOW 36194 02 OF 06 260615Z PAGE 01 ACTION SS-00 INFO LOG-00 ADS-00 000W ----7FOD08 2606152 38 P 260610Z NOV 92 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7018 INFO AMEMBASSY MINSK AMEMBASSY ALMA ATA AMEMBASSY KIEV SECRET SECTION 02 OF 06 MOSCOW 036194 EXDIS DEPT PASS SECDEF AS SPECAT EXCLUSIVE DEPT ALSO PASS CIA WASHDC UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive PAGE 04 MOSCOW 36194 01 OF 06 260614Z THAT RUSSIA IS UNDER NO OBLIGATION TO DESTROY 154 OF THE 308 SS-18 SILOS HE INDICATED THAT THESE SILOS WERE VIRTUALLY NEW AND WERE SUPPORTED BY EXPENSIVE INFRASTRUCTURE IMPROVEMENTS ROADS HOUSING ETC THAT RUSSIA COULD NOT AFFORD TO REPLACE HE ADDED THAT THE KEY POINT IS THAT VERIFIABLE CONVERSION OF HEAVY MISSILE SILOS IS MUCH EASIER CHEAPER AND LESS AMBIGUOUS THAN CONVERSION OF OTHER SILOS TO SINGLE-WARHEAD MISSILES KOLTUNOV REAFFIRMED THAT RUSSIA INTENDED TO FIELD ONLY SINGLE-WARHEAD ICBM'S BY2002 C0584 7032'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 E O 12356 DECL OADR TAGS PARM PREL CBW MNUC MCAP OVIP RS SUBJECT CODEL NUNN-LUGAR DISCUSSIONS ON ARMS CONTROL WITH DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER KOKOSHIN RUSSIAN BREAKOUT AS A RESULT OF UNEXPECTED INTERNAL POLITICAL CHANGES WAS MOOTED BY THE FACT THAT ALL SS-18 HEAVY MISSILE SILOS WOULD BE DESTROYED THIS INSURANCE POLICY WAS REPEATEDLY CITED BY ADMINISTRATION SPOKESMEN TO COUNTER THE SECRET PAGE 02 MOSCOW 36194 02 OF 06 2606152 DOUBTS OF KEY SENATORS 3 ASKED WHY SS-19 RATHER THAN SS-18 SILOS COULD NOT BE USED FOR SINGLE-WARHEAD MISSILES KOLTUNOV INDICATED THAT LIKE THE U S RUSSIA TAKES THE POSITION THAT A GIVEN SILO TYPE - INCLUDING RECONSTRUCTED SILOS - CAN ONLY BE USED FOR ONE TYPE OF ICBM KOKOSHIN INTERJECTED THAT YES RUSSIA COULD USE SS-19 SILOS TO WHICH NUNN RESPONDED THAT THE U S WOULD HAVE MORE PROBLEMS WITH THE SS-18 SILOS THAN WITH THE SS-19 SILOS KOLTUNOV NOTED THAT THE U S CONCERNS ABOUT BREAKOUT WERE UNFOUNDED WHEN RUSSIA AGREED TO THE LIMIT OF 3500 MISSILE WARHEADS THIS PLACED A PREMIUM ON WARHEADS AND REDUCED THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE SS-18 AS A PLATFORM HE INDICATED THAT RUSSIA WOULD LIKELY NOT RETAIN 154 SS-18S IN ANY CASE DUE TO THE ICBM WARHEAD CEILING HE ALSO MENTIONED THAT THE U S WAS IN A MUCH BETTER POSITION THAN RUSSIA TO BREAKOUT OF START LIMITS GIVEN THE POTENTIAL OF RE-UPLOADING ITS TRIDENT-2 SLBM 4 KOKOSHIN INDICATED THAT RUSSIA HAD LOOKED AT ALL POSSIBILITIES AND HAD FOUND THAT THE NEWERSS-18 SILOS WERE THE MOST LOGICAL ECONOMIC CHOICE FOR CONVERSION TO SINGLE-WARHEAD MISSILES HE REPEATED KOLTUNOV'S POINTTHATTHE INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING ROADS HOUSING AND SUPPORT BUILDINGS WAS NEWER IN THE RECENTLY-BUILT SS-18 COMPLEXES THIS MADE THEM MORE ATTRACTIVE CANDIDATES FOR CONVERSION GEN-COL SECRET SECRET PAGE 03 MOSCOW 36194 02 OF 06 2606152 KOLESNIKOV ADDED THAT SOME RUSSIANS SEE THE U S DEMANDS TO DESTROY ALL SS-18 SILOS AS AN EFFORT PERHAPS UNINTENTIONAL TO DAMAGE FURTHER THE UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive SECRET CO 5'g 4 7 0 3 2·IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 ALREADY-CRIPPLED RUSSIAN ECONOMY KOLTUNOV ARGUED THAT THE RUSSIAN SIDE HAD UNDER START-1 ARGUED FOR MISSILES OF A GIVEN TYPE TO BE DOWNLOADED BY MORE THAN FOUR WARHEADS SUBJECT TO STRICT RULES OF VERIFICATION ALTHOUGH HE SAID THE U S SIDE HAS NEVER AGREED TO THIS PROPOSALS FURTHER UNDER THE U S START-2 PROPOSAL HE ARGUED THAT BECAUSE RUSSIA HAS OVER 90 PERENT OF ITS WARHEADS ON AND-BASED MISSILES IF TH LIMITATION ON THE NUMBER OF DOWNLOADED WARHEADS ON SINGLE-WARHEAD MISSILES IS NOT CHANGED RUSSIA WILL EITHER HAVE TO PRODUCE A NEW TYPE OF MISSILE OR IT WILL HAVE TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF LAND-BASED MISSILES TO SUCH A LEVEL THAT THE MINISTER OF DEFENSE COULD NOT · GUARANTEE RUSSIA'S SECURITY C LIMITS ON STRATEGIC AVIATION KOLTUNOV STRESSED THAT THE ISSUE OF B-1 CONVERSION TO NON-NUCLEAR ROLES MUST BE RESOLVED FOR START-2 TO BE AGREED UPON NUNN NOTED THAT THESE WERE POINTS RAISED IN YELTSIN'S LETTER TO THE PRESIDENT AND WOULD BE CAREFULLY STUDIED BY THE USG SECRET SECRET PAGE04 MOSCOW 36194 02 OF 06 260615Z PHYSICAL CONTROL OF UKRAINIAN NUCLEAR FORCES 5 A KOKOSHIN SAID THE SITUATION WITH RESPECT TO NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN UKRAINE IS DETERIORATING THE LEADERSHIP AND NATIONALIST FORCES HAVE MADE CLEAR THEIR INTENT NOT TO COMPLY WITH THE LISBON PROTOCOL NOR TO RATIFY THE START-1 AGREEMENT UKRAINE KOKOSHIN ASSERTED HAS REJECTED RUSSIA'S PROPOSAL TO WITHDRAW ALL NUCLEAR WEAPONS FROM ITS SOIL IN 18 MONTHS THE UKRAINIAN GOVERNMENT RECENTLY PUT FORWARD UNSPECIFIED NEW DEMANDS REGARDING START-1 DESPITE THE FACT THAT THE TREATY HAS ALREADY BEEN RATIFIED BY RUSSIA IN ITS CURRENT FORM HE SAID RUSSIA WOULD NEVER ACCEPT UKRAINE'S CLAIMS OF OWNERSHIP OF THE NUCLEAR WEAPONS ON ITS TERRITORY AND CALLED FOR A CONCERTED JOINT EFFORT BY RUSSIA AND THE SECRET UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive B PROBLEMS WITH DOWNLOADING CO 5 8 4 7 O3 2 ·1ED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 NNNN SECRET INFO LOG-00 ADS-00 O0OW ----7F0D13 2606172 38 P 2606102 NOV 92 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7019 INFO AMEMBASSY MINSK AMEMBASSY ALMA ATA AMEMBASSY KIEV S E C R ET SECTION 03 OF 06 MOSCOW 036194 EXDIS DEPT PASS SECDEF AS SPECAT EXCLUSIVE DEPT ALSO PASS CIA WASHDC E O 12356 DECL OADR TAGS PARM PREL CBW MNUC MCAP OVIP RS SUBJECT GODEL NUNN-LUGAR DISCUSSIONS ON ARMS CONTROL WITH DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER KOKOSHIN U S TO PERSUADE UKRAINE TO GIVE UP THOSE CLAIMS B KOKOSHIN WARNED THAT THE LEVEL OF SAFETY OF THE WARHEADS ON UKRAINIAN SOIL IS DECREASING EVERY DAY BECAUSE RUSSIA IS LESS ABLE TO CONTROL WHO HAS ACCESS SECRET SECRET PAGE 02 MOSCOW 36194 03 OF 06 2606172 TO THOSE WARHEADS AT SOME POINT IN THE NOT-DISTANT FUTURE RUSSIA WILL FACE THE SITUATION OF BEING UNABLE TO CERTIFY THE SAFETY OR SECURITY OF THOSE WEAPONS GEN-COL KOLESNIKOV INDICATED THAT AT THE WORKING LEVEL THE UKRAINIANS UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEMS RELATED TO SAFETY AND HAVE APPEALED FOR RUSSIAN TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive PAGE 01 MOSCOW 36194 03 OF 06 2606172 ACTION SS-00 U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 C IN REPLY TO SENATOR NUNN'S SPECIFIC QUESTIONING ON ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL KOLESNIKOV SAID RUSSIA NO LONGER HAS ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF THE UKRAINIAN WEAPONS UKRAINE HAS ASSUMED SUCH CONTROL IN THE THREE MISSILE DIVISIONS BUT IS ACTING AS IF IT VI ERE OPERATIONAL CONTROL HE INDICATED THAT COMMANDER OF THE UNIFIED AND STRATEGIC FORCES OF THE COMMON'NEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES MARSHAL SHAPOSHNIKOV IS A NOBODY IN UKRAINE AND EXERTS NO INFLUENCE OVER WHAT HAPPENS TO THE NUCLEAR 'NEAPONS THERE UKRAINIANS HAVE REFUSD TO ADMIT RUSSIAN STRATEIC ROCKET FORCE REPRESENTATIVES UKRAINIAN SOLDIERS AND WARRANT OFFICERS HAVE REPLACED RUSSIANS IN THE GUARD FORCES AT NUCLEAR BASES SOME OF THESE PERSONNEL HAVE TAKEN THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE TO UKRAINE HE INDICATED THAT THE UKRAINIAN MINISTRY OF DEFENSE NOW MAKES ALL PERSONNEL APPOINTMENTS AT SUCH BASES COMMAND AND CONTROL OF NUCLEAR FORCES IN UKRAINE 6 KOLESNIKOV EXPLAINED THAT UKRAINE CAN SERVICE SECRET SECRET PAGE 03 MOSCOW 36194 03 OF 06 2606172 MISSILES BUT NOT WARHEADS AND EXERCISES PHYSICAL CONTROL ALTHOUGH NOT COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE WARHEADS AND MISSILES r 50X2 WMD 50X4 iWHAT STATE WILL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR T -- H A T -_r-r HE ASK E D NUNN'S PROPOSAL FOR ACCELERATED REMOVAL OF WARHEADS 7 SENATOR NUNN ASKED WHETHER THE RUSSIAN MOD WOULD GO ALONG WITH HIS PROPOSAL TO REMOVE ALL WARHEADS ON AN ACCELERATED BASIS FROM SYSTEMS DESTINED FOR DISMANTLEMENT UNDER START-1 AND START-2 KOLESNIKOV INDICATED THAT THIS WAS A GOOD SUGGESTION KOKOSHIN PREDICTED THAT UKRAINE WOULD STICK TO ITS STATED POSITION OF ONLY ALLOWING PROPORTIONAL REDUCTIONS OF WEAPONS AND THAT THIS WOULD PRESENT A MAJOR OBSTACLE KOKOSHIN SAID HE WOULD BE GRATEFUL FOR THE HELP OF THE U S ON THIS ISSUE HE SAID UKRAINE HAD UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive COSS 4 7O32 'IED CO 5 8 4 7 O3 2 'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 ALREADY REJECTED A PROPOSAL FROM RUSSIA TO REMOVE THE MISSILES SLATED FOR REDUCTION UNDER START-1 8 KOKOSHIN ALSO NOTED RUSSIA'S CONCERNS ABOUT UKRAINE'S ADHERENCE TO THE NPT HE QUESTIONED SECRET SECRET RUSSIAN EFFORTS TO NEUTRALIZE UKRAINIAN-BASED NUKES 9 GEN-COL KOLESNIKOV SAID THE RUSSIAN GENERAL STAFF NO LONGER INCLUDES UKRAINIAN-BASED STRATEGIC MISSILES IN ITS PLANNING IN FACT RUSSIAN TECHNICIANS HAVE REMOVED THE FLIGHT PLANS FROM THOSE MISSILES ALREADY AND WE'VE DECOUPLED THEM FROM OUR SYSTEM HE SAID SOX2 WMD SOX4 SECRET NNNN SECRET MOSCOW 36194 04 OF 06 2606202 PAGE 01 ACTION SS-00 INFO LOG-00 ADS-00 00OW ----7F0D2A 2606202 38 P 26061 OZ NOV 92 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7020 INFO AMEMBASSY MINSK AMEMBASSY ALMA ATA AMEMBASSY KIEV UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive MOSCOW 36194 03 OF 06 2606172 PAGE 04 UKRAINIAN ASSERTIONS THAT IT COULD JOIN THE NPT AS A NON-NUCLEAR STATE WHILE ALSO INSISTING ON CONTROL OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS ON ITS SOIL COSS 4 7 O32 'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 SECRET SECTION 04 OF 06 MOSCOW036194 EXDIS DEPT PASS SECDEF AS SPECAT EXCLUSIVE DEPT ALSO PASS CIA WASHDC TAGS PARM PREL CBW MNUC MCAP OVIP RS SUBJECT CODEL NUNN-LUGAR DISCUSSIONS ON ARMS CONTROL WITH DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER KOKOSHIN 50X2 WMD 50X4 10 DR ROGOV NOTED THAT THE U S PRESIDENT MUST REPORT TO THE CONGRESS IN THE NEXT TWO MONTHS ON THE NON-NUCLEAR STATUS OF UKRAINE BELARUS AND 50X2 WMD SOX4 BOMBER WEAPONS IN UKRAINE 50X2 WMD SOX4 _ __ __ UNDER QUESTIONING FROM SENATOR NUNN UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive E O 12356 DECL OADR COSS 4 7 032 IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 KOLESNIKOV REITERATED THAT THEI -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ SECRET 50X2 WMD 50X4 SECRET 12 ASKED ABOUT RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT POLICIES THAT TEND TO DISCOURAGE WESTERN INVESTMENT IN NEW HOUSING IN RUSSIA KOKOSHIN INDICATED THAT THE KEY PROBLEM IS RUSSIA'S INABILITY TO OFFER CASH PAYMENT FOR SUCH HOUSING NUNN STRESSED THE NEED TO GIVE THE NECESSARY AUTHORITY TO SOME LEVEL OF OFFICIALDOM TO PERMIT WESTERN BUSINESSMEN TO CONCLUDE DEALS KOKOSHIN NOTED THAT RUSSIA HAD COME TO AGREEMENT WITH GERMANY ON AN ORDERLY PROCESS OF TROOP WITHDRAWALS WHICH WAS PROCEEDING WITHOUT PROBLEMS HE WELCOMED SERIOUS PROPOSALS TO USE RUSSIA'S UNDERUTILIZED CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO BUILD HOUSING FOR RUSSIAN OFFICERS KOKOSHIN NOTED THAT THE INDUSTRY IS RUNNING AT ONLY THIRTY TO THIRTY-FIVE PERCENT OF CAPACITY HE SAID NUNN'S PROPOSAL TO OFFER LAND ON MILITARY BASES TO WESTERN ENTREPRENEURS WHO WANT TO SET UP FACTORIES TO PRODUCE HOUSING WOULD BE NO PROBLEM SINCE THE MOD CONTROLLED THAT LAND WITHOUT QUESTION HE PROMISED TO REPORT TO MOD GRACHEV AND ADVISED SERIOUS ENTREPRENEURS TO BRING THEIR PROPOSALS TO HIM THEN DEPUTY MOD GENERALS TOPOROV ANDGROMOV SECRET SECRET PAGE04 MOSCOW 36194 04 OF 06 260620Z BALTIC TROOP WITHDRAWALS 13 KOKOSHIN INDICATED THAT HE IS READY TO GET THE RUSSIAN TROOPS OUT OF THE BALTIC STATES AS SOON AS POSSIBLE HE ASSERTED THAT RUSSIA HAS NO DESIRE TO USE THE TROOPS AS AN INSTRUMENT OF PRESSURE AGAINST THE BALTIC GOVERNMENTS KOKOSHIN CONTENDED THAT RUSSIAN MILITARY OFFICERS AND THEIR FAMILIES HAVE NO HUMAN OR CIVIL RIGHTS IN THE BALTIC STATES PARTICULARLY IN LATVIA AND ESTONIA MANY HE SAID UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive HOUSING FOR RUSSIAN OFFICERS CO 58 4 7 O32 'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 ARE HAVING GREAT DIFFICULTY RECEIVING THEIR PENSIONS BECAUSE THE LATVIAN AND ESTONIAN AUTHORITIES BOTH REFUSE TO PAY THOSE PENSIONS AND WHAT IS WORSE MAKE IT INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT FOR THE RUSSIAN GOVERNMENT TO SEND FUNDS TO THESE RETIREES LIKEWISE FOR ACTIVE PERSONNEL COMMANDERS MUST CONVERT RUBLES ON THE BLACK MARKET TO LOCAL CURRENCY IN ORDER TO PAY THEIR TROOPS KOKOSHIN SAID RUSSIAN SOLDIERS ARE BEING NNNN SECRET PAGE 01 MOSCOW 36194 05 OF 06 2606192 ACTION SS-00 INFO LOG-00 ADS-00 O00W ----7F0D24 2606192 38 P 26061 OZ NOV 92 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7021 INFO AMEMBASSY MINSK AMEMBASSY ALMA ATA AMEMBASSY KIEV SECRET SECTION 05 OF 06 MOSCOW 036194 EXDIS DEPT PASS SECDEF AS SPECAT EXCLUSIVE DEPT ALSO PASS CIA WASHDC E O 12356 DECL OADR TAGS PARM PREL CBW MNUC MCAP OVIP RS SUBJECT CODEL NUNN-LUGAR DISCUSSIONS ON ARMS CONTROL WITH DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER KOKOSHIN DENIED THE MEANS FOR THEIR VERY SURVIVAL THEIR DESPAIR IS BEING MANIPULATED BY THE RIGHT-WING IN RUSSIA TO STIR UP OPPOSITION AGAINST DEFENSE MINISTER GRACHEV AND PRESIDENT YELTSIN SECRET UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive SECRET CO 58 4 7 032'1ED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 MOSCOW 36194 05 OF 06 2606192 PAGE 02 B FOR THESE REASONS KOKOSHIN SAID PRESIDENT YELTSIN HAD DECIDED TO ANNOUNCE THAT HE HAD TEMPORARILY HALTED ALL TROOP WITHDRAWALS ALTHOUGH IN FACT THEY HAVE CONTINUED THE GROUNDS FOR THIS TEMPORARY HALT IS A SIMPLE POLICY DECISION THAT WITH WINTER SETTLING IN NO TROOPS WILL BE WITHDRAINN UNLESS THERE IS HOUSING FOR THEM TO GO TO HE STRESSED THAT THIS DECISION WAS NECESSARY TO PROTECT THE WELFARE AND HEALTH OF THESE SOLDIERS AND OFFICERS LATVIA WAS THE PRESENT SORE SPOT FOLLOWED BY ESTONIA C SENATOR LUGAR INDICATED THAT HE HAD BEEN TOLD IN BOTH LATVIA AND ESTONIA THAT THE GOVERNMENTS THERE ARE FULLY PREPARED TO ENTER NEGOTIATIONS ON CONDITIONS FOR RUSSIAN SOLDIERS ONCE A DEFINITE TIMETABLE FOR WITHDRAWAL HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED HE NOTED THAT YELTSIN'S MORATORIUM ON WITHDRAWALS HAD BEEN GREETED WITH CONSIDERABLE ALARM IN THE U S SENATE HE SAID THAT HE SAW NO VIOLATIONS OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF RUSSIAN SOLDIERS DURING HIS BRIEF VISIT TO EITHER COUNTRY AS TO THE QUESTION OF STRINGENT CITIZENSHIP LAWS LUGAR SAID IT WAS EVERY COUNTRY'S RIGHT TO MAKE ITS OWN RULES HE SAID HE HAD URGED BOTH LATVIA AND ESTONIA TO SHOW FLEXIBILITY IN THIS AREA D KOKOSHIN DISAGREED WITH LUGAR'S ASSESSMENT HE SAID THE LATVIANS AND ESTONIANS ARE PURSUING A CONSCIOUS POLICY OF EXPULSIOW OF THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING POPULATION A BODY OF LAWS AND SECRET SECRET MOSCOW 36194 05 OF 06 2606192 PAGE 03 REGULATIONS WHICH IS CLEARLY DISCRIMINATORY TO RUSSIAN-SPEAKERS HAS BEEN ENACTED WHICH VIOLATE THE RIGHTS OF THOSE POPULATIONS UNDER THE HELSINKI ACCORDS ESTONIA IN PARTICULAR HAS ALLOWED PARAMILITARY RIGHT-WING EXTREMISTS WHO HISTORICALLY COOPERATED WITH THE NAZIS TO CONTINUE THE WAR AGAINST THE RUSSIANS BEGUN IN 1940 AS FOR LINKAGE TO THE FREEDOM SUPPORT ACT KOKOSHIN SAID RUSSIA APPRECIATED THE GOOD WILL INHERENT IN THE FSA BUT FEW EXPECT ANY SUBSTANTIAL BENEFIT RUSSIA SEES ITSELF VICTIM OF A DOUBLE STANDARD THERE WAS ONE SET OF HUMAN RIGHTS RULES WHEN THE QUESTION WAS BALTIC WITHDRAWAL FROM THE USSR WITH THE HELP OF DEMOCRATIC RUSSIA BUT NOW THE BALTIC STATES CALL UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive SECRET CO 5 8 4 7 0 32 IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 RUSSIANS OCCUPIERS KOKOSHIN CONCLUDED THAT NEGOTIATIONS HAVE TO CONTINUE AND INSISTED THAT THERE IS A WITHDRAWAL TIMETABLE F KOLESNIKOV SAID HE FOUND IT STRANGE THAT THE U S ALLOWS ESTONIA TO EXCLUDE RUSSIAN-SPEAKERS FROM CITIZENSHIP WHEN 46 PERCENT OF THE POPULATION IS OF RUSSIAN ORIGIN HE ASSERTED THAT IN SOME REGlONS THE SECRET SECRET PAGE 04 MOSCOW 36194 05 OF 06 2606192 POPULATION IS 80 TO 90 PERCENT RUSSIAN YET THE NATIVE LATVIANS OR ESTONIANS ARE THE ONLY PEOPLE WITH ANY SAY IN THE GOVERNMENT EVEN THE LATVIAN CAPITAL OF RIGA IS ABOUT 60 PERCENT RUSSIAN-SPEAKERS HE CLAIMED THESE PEOPLE ARE NOBODIES • THE RUSSIAN THEATER HAS BEEN DISBANDED RUSSIANS ARE BEING DENIED EMPLOYMENT THEY CANNOT PRIVATIZE THEIR APARTMENTS THEY WILL RECEIVE NOTHING UNDER THE PRIVATIZATION PLANS BEING INTRODUCED NOW SENATOR LUGAR ARGUED THAT WHAT KOKOSHIN AND KOLESNIKOV WERE DESCRIBING DID NOT FIT WITH WHAT HE HAD SEEN DURING HIS STOPS IN LATVIA AND ESTONIA HE ARGUED THAT A HARMONIOUS WAY TO CARRY OUT A PHASED ORDERLY WITHDRAWAL WAS ESSENTIAL NUNN EMPHASIZED THAT THE BALTIC STATES DENIED HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS CLAIMING THAT ONLY A 1500-WORD FLUENCY WAS REQUIRED FOR CITIZENSHIP NUNN NOTED COMPETING CLAIMS NEED TO BE DEBATED PUBLICLY THE U S WAS CONCERNED ABOUT THE RIGHTS OF RUSSIANS SECRET NNNN SECRET UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive E GEN-COL KOLESNIKOV ADDED THAT THE STATUS OF THE RUSSIAN TIMETABLE WHICH HAD BEEN APPENDED TO AN OVERALL AGREEMENT BETWEEN YELTSIN AND LANDSBERGIS WAS UNCERTAIN BECAUSE THE AGREEMENT ITSELF WAS NEVER SIGNED HE NOTED THAT THE ESTONIANS AND LATVIANS ARE NOT MAKING ANY EFFORT TO NEGOTIATE AND SPEAK INCREASINGLY ONLY OF ONE DATE - AUGUST 1993 - THAT THEY SET UNILATERALLY COS 8 4 7 O3 2 'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 PAGE 01 MOSCOW 36194 06 OF 06 2606202 ACTION SS-00 INFO LOG-00 ADS-00 O0OW ----7F0D2E 2606202 38 P 26061 OZ NOV 92 FM AMEMBASSY MOSCOW TO SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 7022 INFO AMEMBASSY MINSK AMEMBASSY ALMA ATA AMEMBASSY KIEV EXDIS DEPT PASS SECDEF AS SPECAT EXCLUSIVE DEPT ALSO PASS CIA WASHDC E O 12356 DECL OADR TAGS PARM PREL CBW MNUC MCAP OVIP RS SUBJECT CODEL NUNN-LUGAR DISCUSSIONS ON ARMS CONTROL WITH DEPUTY DEFENSE MINISTER KOKOSHIN ABROAD FOUND ANY VIOLATION UNNACCEPTABLE AND CITING YUGOSLAVIA CALLED FOR PREVENTION OF PROBLEMS BEFORE THEY BECAME TRAGEDIES NUNN SAID HE HOPED RUSSIA AND THE U S COULD WORK TOGETHER ON PEACEKEEPING AND PEACEMAKING AND THAT RUSSIA WILL SECRET SECRET PAGE 02 MOSCOW 36194 06 OF 06 2606202 AT ALL COSTS AVOID VIOLENCE G KOLESNIKOV INDICATED THAT THERE IS A PLAN FOR SUCH A WITHDRAWAL IT CALLS FOR ANOTHER DIVISION TO BE WITHDRAWN IN DECEMBER HE SAID THE DESIRE OF DEFENSE MINISTER GRACHEV IS TO HAVE NO RUSSIAN TROOPS SERVING OUTSIDE THE BORDERS OF RUSSIA KOKOSHIN STRESSED THAT NEGOTIATIONS WERE CONTINUING WITH ALL THE BALTIC STATES AND WERE GOING RELATIVELY WELL WITH THE LITHUANIANS HE PROMISED TO PROVIDE THE SENATORS WITH A REPORT ON SPECIFIC HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE BALTICS AGAINST RUSSIAN-SPEAKERS KOKOSHIN EMPHASIZED THAT RUSSIA COULD NOT SILENTLY STAND BY WHEN A SMALL NATION TRIES TO ENSURE ITS SURVIVAL BY EXPELLING ALL THOSE IN ITS MIDST NHO ARE OF A DIFFERENT NATIONALITY UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive SE C R ET SECTION 06 OF 06 MOSCOW 036194 U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSES 14 SENATOR NUNN NOTED THAT THE CONGRESS HAD PLACED SPACE-BASED INTERCEPTORS CLEARLY IN THE RESEARCH RATHER THAN DEVELOPMENT CATEGORY HE PREDICTED THAT SDI WOULD BE CHANNELLED TO A LIMITED DEFENSE AGAINST ACCIDENTAL LAUNCHES OR LIMITED ATTACKS BY THIRD COUNTRIES NUNN SAID HE HAS URGED THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION TO NEGOTIATE WITH RUSSIA TO CLEAR UP THE DEFINITIONS IN THE ABM TREATY FOR EXAMPLE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANTI-TACTICAL BMD AND A BROAD-AREA DEFENSE THE DEFINITION OF SPACE-BASED SENSORS SECRET SECRET PAGE 03 MOSCOW 36194 06 OF 06 2606202 PERMITTED IN A LIMITED DEFENSE AND NOW THE PROBLEM OF ABM SYSTEMS WHICH AS A RESULT OF POLITICAL CHANGES ARE NOW ON THE TERRITORY OF A THIRD COUNTRY NOT A PARTY TO THE TREATY NUNN SAID HE ALSO URGED NEGOTIATION OF MODESr' AMENDMENTS TO THE ABM TREATY TO ALLOW FOR EXAMPLE FOR MORE THAN ONE SITE FOR LAND-BASED DEFENSES AGAINST LIMITED ATTACKS NUNN SAID THE U S HAS MADE CLEAR THAT WE ARE NOT SEEKING A THICK DEFENSE THAT ARGUABLY COULD THREATEN THE CONCEPT OF DETERRENCE 15 NUNN SAID HE WAS NOT A SPOKESMAM FOR THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION BUT HE FELT SAFE IN PREDICTING THAT PRESIDENT CLINTON WOULD COMPLY WITH THE 1990 MISSILE DEFENSE ACT AND WOULD IN COOPERATION WITH RUSSIA WORK TOGETHER ON EARLY WARNING AND ON DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF A LIMITED DEFENSE HE ALSO SAID WE NEED TO WORK TOGATHER TO DEFINE •LIMITED DEFENSE TO EXPAND THE ROLE OF NUCLEAR RISK REDUCTION CENTERS DEVELOP A GLOBAL INVENTORY OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS TO AID NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS AND TO DEVELOP PROCEDURES FOR DEALING WITH TERRORISM DIRECTED AT NUCLEAR FACILITIES 16 SENATOR NUNN ALSO NOTED THAT ALTHOUGH THE U S MILITARY DOES NOT YET AGREE WITH THE IDEA HE WANTS TO SEE ALL NUCLEAR-ARMED BALLISTIC MISSILES FITTED WITH DESTRUCTION DEVICES THAT WOULD PERMIT NATIONAL AUTHORITIES TO DESTROY A MISSILE LAUNCHED WITHOUT PROPER AUTHORIZATION THE MEETING ENDED WITH EXPRESSIONS OF HOPE FOR RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC REVIVAL AND SECRET SECRET PAGE04 MOSCOW 36194 06 OF 06 2606202 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2014-14906 Doc No C05847032 Date 09 29 2015 From the Nunn-Lugar collection of the National Security Archive CO 5 8 4 7 O3 2 ·IED