JNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 1 RELEASE IN FULL SECRET THE HA 00701 01 OF 03 0710202 PAGE 01 ACTION NODS-DO INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 001 W ----088340 0710302 10 0 0708062 FEB 79 FM AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4367 INFO AMEMBASSY LONDON AMEMBASSY MOSCOW IMMEDIATE AMEMBASY ISLAMABAD S E C R E T SECTION 1 OF 3 THE HAGUE 0701 STADIS EXDIS HANDLE AS NODIS IDECAPTIONEO MOSCOW FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY PICKERING E O 12065 RDS-1 2 6 2009 GUHIN MICHAEL OES NET NEP TAGS TECH MNUC ENRG PK NL SUBJ S US-DUTCH BILATERAL ON PAKISTAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM REF STATE 27834 NOTAL 1 S ENTIRE TEXT 2 SUMMARY GUHIN REVIEWED PAST APPROACHES TO GON ON PAKISTAN NUCLEAR PROGRAM SUMMARIZED URGENCY AND SERIOUSNESS OF STIUATION CHARACTERIZED RELEVANT US EXPORT CONTROL PROCEDURES AND PASS US INTELLIGENCE ON DUTCH COMPANY INVOLVEMENT GON OFFICIALS HAD NO INFORMATION ABOUT COMPANY NAMED BUT PROMISED FOLLOW-UP DUTCH OFFICIALS PROVIDED NEW INFORMATION ON EARLIER PAK SHOPPING EFFORT AND PROMISED TO PROVIDE MORE DETAIL VISIT TRIGGERED DUTCH TO AGREE TO UNDERTAKE MORE DETAILED ANALYSIS OF LIKELY ITEMS WHICH PAKS MAY SEEK FOR CENTRIFUGE PROGRAM GUHIN AGREED TO PROVIDE WRITTEN DESCRIPTION OF US EXPORT CONTROL SECRET SECRET PAGE 02 THE HA 00701 01 OF 03 0710202 PROCEDURES GENERIC GREY AREA PROBLEM WAS DISCUSSED WITH CONCLUSION THAT THIS WOULD NEED TO BE LOOKED AT FURTHER IN ITS OWN RIGHT END SUMMARY 3 MICHAEL GUHIN OES NETINEP LESLIE POWERS OAK RIDGE AND ROBERT GALLUCCI INR STA ACCOMPANIED BY EMBASSY POL COUNSELOR JOHN CRUM PT MET WITH GON OFFICIALS F J A TERWISSCHA VAN SCH ELTINGA DIRECTOR OF INTERNATONAL AFFAIRS J J M BRUYNS OFFICE OF DISARMAMENT AND INTERNATIONAL AFFIRAS A J VAN GALEN REVIEW AUTHORITY Geoffrey Chapman Senior Reviewer UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 LAST ATOMIC AFFAIRS OFFICE ALL OF MFA AND C F BOUVY ELECTRICITY AND NUCLEAR ENERGY DIRECTORATE AND F WEISS AND A J NIEWLAND OF GENERAL IMPORT AND EXPORT AFFAIRS ALL OF MEA GUHIN BEGAN BY REVIEWING PAST US AND UK APPROACHES NOTING THAT THE CONTINUING AND ACTIVE PAK SHOPPING EFFORT HAS LED THE US TO UNDERTAKE THE CURRENT APPROACH HE OBSERVED THAT THE TEAM WOULD ALSO BE VISITING OTHER CAPITALS WHERE US HAD REASON TO BELIEVE GOVERNMENTS NEEDED TO BE PARTICULARLY SENSITIVE TO PAK ACTIVITIES AND THAT THE USG WAS TAKING APPROPRIATE STEPS DOMESTICALLY WHERE US COMPANIES MAY BE INVOLVED HE SUMMARIZED US EXPORT CONTROL AUTHORITY BASED ON THE ATOMIC ENERGY ACT DOE DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AND NRC NOTING PARTICULARLY US RESPONSE TO THE UK INVERTER DEMARACHE GUHIN ACKNOWLEDGED DUTCH EXPERTISE IN GAS CENTRIFUGE TECHNOLOGY INDICATING THAT US WOULD APPRECIATE APPLICATION OF THEIR EXPERIENCE TO SUPPLIER EFFORT TO SHUT OFF PAKISTANI SHOPPING IN PASSING THE INFORMATION ON THE DTUCH COMPANY IBIS KUNSTSTOFFEN BV HE ASKED THAT THE GON PROVIDE ANY INFORMATION THEY HAD OR COULD DEVELOP ABOUT THE PRODUCT OR SERVICES THE COMPANY COULD PROVIDE TO THE PAKS AND ANY OTHER INFORMATION ABOUT CONTACTS BETWEEN THE COMPANY OR OTHERS AND PAK REPRESENTATIVE S POWERES THEN GAVE GENERAL TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF KIND OF SECRET SECRET PAGE 03 THE HA 00701 01 OF 03 0710202 MACHINES WE BELIEVE PAKS TO BE BUILDING HIGHLIGHTING AREAS WE HAVE IDENTIFIED AS POSSIBLY DEPENDENT UPON FOREIGN SUPPLY AND WELCOMING A SIMILAR ANALYSIS BY DUTCH EXPERTS 4 TERWISSCHA RESPONDED BY SAYING GON SHARED US CONCERNS ABOUT POSSIBLE PAK NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE PROGRAM AND THEY HAD RESPONDED TO PAS US-UK DEMARCHES BY COORDINATING WITH MEA TO INSURE THAT DUTCH COMPANIES WERE NOT INVOLVED HE THEN ASKED MEA REPS PRESENT IF THEY KNEW OF IBIS KUNSTSTOFFEN AND THEY INDICATED THAT THEY DID NOT TERWISSCHA NEXT SAID THIS RAISED THE BROADER QUESTION OF HOW SUPPLIERS WOULD DEAL WITH GREY AREA SECRET NNN SECRET THE HA 00701 02 OF 03 0710302 PAGE 01 ACTION NODS-00 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 001 W ----088400 0710322 10 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 0 0708062 FEB 79 FM AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4368 INFO AMEMBASSY LONDON AMEMBASSY MOSCOW IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY ISLAMABAD S E C R ET SECTION 2 OF 3 THE HAGUE 0701 STADIS EXDIS HANDLE AS NODIS MOSCOW FOR ASSISTANT SECRETATY PICKERING PROBLEM HE RECALLED UK AND FRENCH APPROACH ABOUT WHAT OUGHT TO BE CONTROLED AND LATER MEETING WITH BORIGHT OES NET IN WHICH GON HAD INQUIRED ABOUT US VIEWS HE SAID GON HAD NOT YET THOUGHT THIS THROUGH AND WOULD STILL BE INTERESTED IN DETAILED DISCUSSIONS WITH US IN LATER DISCUSSION GUHIN SAID THAT AN EXCHANGE OF VIEWS ON THE GENERIC PROBLEM OF GREY AREAS COULD BE HELPFUL BUT THAT US BELIEVED IT CRITICAL TO DEAL WITH INDIVIDUAL CASES SUCH AS PAKISTAN AS THEY AROSE 5 GON OFFICIAL WEISS SUMMARIZED DUTCH EXPORT CONTROL AS FOLLOWING COCOM LIST ANY ITEM ON COCOM REQUIRES AN EXPORT LICENSE AND LICENSES ARE ISSUED ON A CASE-BY-CASE BASIS TAKING ACCOUNT OF THE POLITICAL CONTEXT HE SAID THAT MEA HAD NO KNOWLEDGE OF INVERTERS OR COCOM LISTED ITEMS GOING TO PAKISTAN OR OF PAK EFFORTS TO OBTAIN SUCH ITEMS SEE PARA 6 MEA rs SATISFIED THAT ITEMS OF CONCERN ARE COVERED BY EXISTING REGULATIONS NOTING THAT ONLY A VERY LIMITED NUMBER OF FIRMS IN THE NETHERLANDS DEAL WITH SUCH ITEMS AND THEIR INVOLVEMENT SECRET SECRET PAGE 02 THE HA 00701 02 OF 03 0710302 IN GOVERNMENT EFFORTS MAKES POLICING AND WARNING RELATIVELY EASY FOR GON AFTER OFFERING THESE ASSURANCES HOWEVER MEA OFFICIALS ADMITTED THAT THERE WERE GREY AREAS IN ANSWER TO QUESTION OF WHETHER DUTCH REGULATIONS PROVIDED FOR CONTROL OF ENGINEERING CONSULTING SERVICES IN CASE WHERE END USE OF A PROJECT WAS KNOWN TO BE SENSITIVE NUCLEAR FACILITY MEA SAID CONSULTING SERVfCES TECHNOLOGY COULD NOT BE CONTROLLED UNLESS IT FELL UNDER THEIR CLASSIFICATION GUIDES OR INVOLVED A FIRM CONNECTED WITH THE DUTCH CENTRIFUGE PROGRAM 6 GON OFFICIALS VAN GALEN LAST AND BRUYN$ THEN OFFERED THAT IN LATE 1976 AND EARLY 1977 DUTCH FIRMS HAD BEEN CONTACTED BY PAKISTANI INTERESTS SEEKING TO PURCHASE ROTOER DISCS END PIECES VACUUM VALVES AND PUMPS AN AUTOMATIC PRODUCTION UNIT FOR ETCHING BALL BEARINGS AND MULTr PHASE ROTORS AS WELL AS A SINGLE GAS CENTRIFUGE ASSEMBLY FOR LAB OPERATIONS COMMENT IT IS NOT CLEAR THAT GON OFFICIAL BRUYN$ WHO MENTIONED UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 BALL BEARINGS INTENDED EXACTLY THAT BOTH BECAUSE OF HIS DIFFICULTY IN TRANSLATING THE PHRASE INTO ENGLISH AND IN LIGHT OF INFORMATION THAT THE PAKS ULTIMATELY OBTAINED NEGATIVES FOR ETCHING CENTRIFUGAL BEARINGS FROM A SWISS COMPANY END COMMENT VAN GALEN LAST SAID THAT GON WAS AWARE OF THESE EFFORTS AND THAT NO ASSISTANCE OR MATERIAL WAS PROVIDED THEY ALSO INDICATED THAT FRG FIRMS HAD BEEN CONTACTED WITHOUT SUCCESS BRUYNS THEN SUGGESTED US MIGHT WISH TO APPROACH SECRET NNN SECRET THE HA 00701 03 OF 03 0712282 PAGE 01 ACTION NODS-00 INFO OCT-01 ISO-00 001 W - ---089522 0712292 11 1 0 0708062 FEB 79 FM AMEMBASSY THE HAGUE TO SECSTATE WASHDC IMMEDIATE 4369 INFO AMEMBASSY L ONDON AMEMBASSY MOSCOW IMMEDIATE AMEMBASSY ISLAMABAD S E C R ET SECTION 3 OF 3 THE HAGUE 0701 STADIS EXDIS HANDLE AS NODIS MOSCOW FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY PICKERING BELGIUM ON THIS MATTER VAN GALEN LAST NOTED THAT DR A Q KHAN HAD RETURNED TO EUROPE FOR TIME AFTER LEAVING THE NETHRLANDS AND HAD BEEN BASED IN ANTWERP HE THEN ASKED IF USG BELIEVED THAT PAKS HAD ALL THE TECHNOLOGY AND BLUEPRINTS NECESSARY FOR A GAS CENTRIFUGE FACILITY GALLUCCI RESPONDED THAT ON THE BASIS OF PAK SHOPPING EXPEDITIONS FOR CENTRIFUGE COMPONENTS IT APPEARED THAT THEY HAD ACCESS TO THE NECESSARY TECHNOLOGY HE NOTED THAT THE DEPTH OF PAK TECHNOLOGY WAS UNCLEAR HOWEVER SO THAT THEIR ABILITY TO INNOVATE AND RESPOND TO INTERRUPTIONS IN FOREIGN SUPPLY OF EQUIPMENT OR MATERIAL WAS QUESTIONABLE 7 GUHIN SUMMED UP BY SAYING THAT THE USG HOPED KEY SUPPLIERS WOULD MOVE ON TWO TRACKS LOOKING INTERNALLY TO CONTROLLING DOMESTIC COMPANIES EXPORT ACTNITY AND WORKING WITH EACH OTHER TO IMPROVE ANALYSIS AND SHARE RELEVANT INFORMATIN ON THE PAKISTANI EFFORTS TERWISSCHA RESPONDED BY SAYING THAT THEY APPRECIATED UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017 CONSULTATION AND US TEAM VISIT WOULD TRIGGER AN ANALYSIS BY SECRET SECRET PAGE 02 THE HA 00701 03 OF 03 0712282 DUTCH CENTRIFUGE EXPERTS AS NOTED IN SUMMARY HE ALSO NOTED IMPORTANCE OF CONTINUING COOPERATION ON THIS AREA INCLUDING INFORMATION SHARING BEFORE THE MEETING CLOSED GON OFFICIALS ASKED IF USG BELIEVED THAT PAKS HAD A DEDICATED WEAPONS PROGRAM AND WHETHER THE PRC MIGHT ASSIST THEPAKS GUHIN ANSWERED THAT THERE WAS SUFFICIENT EVIDENCE TO CONCLUDE THAT THE PAKISTANIS INTENDED TO DEVELOP A NUCLEAR EXPLOSIVE CAPABILITY AND THAT WE BELIEVED THAT THE PRC DID NOT HAVE AN INTEREST IN OR INTENTION OF ASSISTING THE PAKS TO ACQUIRE SUCH A CAPABILITY JOSEPH SECRET NNN UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No M-2013-05042 Doc No C06170447 Date 07 10 2017