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1980 r K ocna6neHHIO IIeH3ypbI H B o4 HJ I HanbHOH neqaTH XOTH BJIa­ crn HBHO CKnOHHbI 6bUlH cqHTaTh TaKoe rr0110 l eHHe BpeMeHHbIM 77 nOJIHTH'IeCKHe CnOphI HO TOT nOCJIe J HHH nyHKT B HOMepe B xOAe 3a6aCTOBOK Ha'llfHall C AeKa6pH UbI 1971 OHH 1970 r H B nepBble MeClI­ 9 KYJIbTypbI 3a 1971 L B 3aBHlIla CTaBHJl nOA Bonpoc He06xoJU MOCTb comalllaTbCH C TeM L pa60'lHe Bblpa60TaJIH uenylD nOJIHrnqecKYID nporpaMMY 'ITO HHKOMY He AOJI KHO 6bITb pa3peilleHo Tpe60BaJIH CHH I eHHH ueH Ha npOAOBOJIbCTBHe nOBbIlIleHHlI qaCTHOe npoH3­ BOACTBO KOTopoe Momo 61 1 KOHKypHpoBaTb C npoH3BoA­ 3apnJIaTbI KOMlleHCaUHH 3a BpeMH 3a6acToBoK oCB060 l eHHH ape­ CTBOM HaXOA1lIllHMClI nOA 061lleCTBeHHblM KOHTpOJIeM CTOBaHHbIX pa60'lHx H HaKa3aHHH BHHOBHbIX 3a KpOBOnpOJIHTHe Ha n06epe l be BbIABHraJIHCb TaK I e Tpe60BaHHH npaBAHBoH HHlpopMa­ MHe npeACTaBJIHeTCH BeCbMa napaAoKcaJIbHblM ­ UHH B03MO KHOCTH onpoBepraTb JIO l b B neqaTH JIeraJIH3aUHH CTa­ 'IeqHbIX KOMHTeTOB H H3MeHeHHH B pa60Te npo pecCHOHaJIbHbIX co­ mlcaJI B 3aBHlIla ­ 1030B B CTOpoHY HX nOAJIHIfHOH He3aBHCHMOCTH 3MIUpaHTcKHe H3naHHH H nepHoAHKa oc06eHHo 'ITO Bce TeopeTHKH Con uaJIH3Ma Ha'IHHall C CeH-CHMOHa pac­ napH I CKaH CY I AaJIH 0 cpeACTBax npOH3BOACTBa HJlH roBOpH npOllle KYJIbTypa H ny6JIHKyeMa r elD 6H6JIHOTeKa neqaTaJIH CBHAeTeJIb­ CKHe onHcaHHH C06bITHH MapTa 1968 H AeKa6pH 1970 rr 0 npOMbIlIlJleHHOCTH lJ ll l e H He nOAYMaB cnpOCHTb mOAeH He­ MaTepHa­ JIbI C06HPaJIHCb BHYTPH CTpaHbI 3TH nOJIHTHqeCKHe C06bITHH KaK H nocpeACTBeHHO CB1I3aHHbIX C npoMbIlIlJleHHOCTblO 'ITO OHH ny­ COnpOBO l lJ llBlIlHe HX penpeccUH He 6bIJIH 60JIbille raiiHoH OHH CTa­ MalOT no 3TOMY Bonpocy HOBHJIHCb ypoKOM KOTOPblH CJIeAOBaJIO YCBOHTb eCJIH HCKJIIO'lHTb qeJIOBeKOJII06IJ a 3HreJIbca Korna 61 1 qeJIO­ B napH I CKOH KYJIbrype 3a HIOHb 1971 BeK AeHCTBHTeJIbHO 3HaKoMbIH r nellleK KOJIaKOBCKHH npHllOMHIO HH OAHoro CJIyqan C MexaHH3MOM H pa3BHTHeM cOBpeMeHHoH npOMbIlIlJleHHOCTH 3allBHJI 61 1 ce6H CTOPOHHH­ onyooHKOBaJI CBOH ''Te3HcbI 0 HaAe l e 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C ApyrHMH CH­ JIO npH3HaHO CTeMaMH 1956 B nOCJIenylDlllHx JU CKYCCHHX 60JIbille Bcero ocnapHBaJICH HMeH­ 'ITO CHCTeMa B IIOJIbllle MemmaCb HO onbIT OKTH6pll r H AeKa6pH 1970 r npHBeJI K pacTYllleH YBepeHHOCTH 'ITO AaBJIeHHe 061lleCTBeHHocm He06xoJU MO 'ITO 61 1 06ecneqHTb THM nepeMeHaM XOTb KaKYIO-To YCTOHqHBOCTb 78 79 HeKOTopbIe aBTOpbI rrpennOllHTanH IlHCaTb 0 6YJJ HH'IlIblx np06ne­ MaX Tex KTO rrpOCTO XOqeT pa60TaTb TaK qT06bl pe3ynbTaTbl HX CKOH HCTOPHH 6bIIIa CIIOHTaHHOH H MrHOBeHHOH KaK HanpHMep B lJ eKa6pe 1970 r H HecMoTpH Ha Bee TPY lJ HOCTH CHTYall HH 06­ Tpy a He npona ami aPOM CBblIIIe CTa neT B IIonbIIIe lruUl cnopbl HapY KnnaCb rropa3HTerrbHaH 3perrOCTb HarrpHMep B Tpe60BaHHHx o Tpy e Ha onaro 06IIIeCTBa KOTOPbrH HHor a HMeHOBanCH opra­ 6aCTYlOIIIHX pa60'IHx B HH'lHbIM TpY OM l1MeeT nH 3TO rrOHHTHe cMblcn 11 ecnH a TO 0 1970-1971 rr He3a lJ OrrrO rrepe lJ cnenylOIIIHM KPH3HCOM B Mae 1976 r ObI­ KaKOH CTeneHH Kor a pe3ynbTaT TPY OBbIX YCHmrn rrpOBepHTb He­ rro 06'bHBrreHO 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OTHOIIIeHHHX TaM rrO 'IepKHBanOCb 'ITO 82 TonbKO 1952 r KOTopaH COOTBeT­ CTBOBana rrepHo cTpoHTenbcTBa HapoMoro rocYrotpcTBa CBOlO ponb BbIIlOnHHna 83 IIo nOMY Malf fH H HaYqfforo HCCJIe OBaHHJI He ronbKO laIIHCblO B KOHCTHTy­ ''Ha3pena rroTpe6HOCTb rrOJ rOTOBHTb rrpoeKT HOBOH KOHCTH­ HH HO H OCHOBaHHbIM Ha KOHCTHTyll HH laKOH0AaTenbCTBOM ry1um fapaHTHHH 3THX OCHOBHblX CBOOO _ KOTOPbIH CpenH rrpoqerO rrpH3BaH orrpe enHTb rrO-HOBOMY PY­ rOBopHnOCb B IIHCbMe 59-TH ­ KOBOWI11IY1O ponb rrapTHH 06'bJlBmUIOCb qTO rrapTHJI 6epeT Ha ce6J1 Henb3R COBMeCTHTb C o j mrnanbHblM rrpH3HaHHeM BeJ ymeH po_ nH IIaPTHH B rocy apCTBeHHOH CHCTeMe KaK 3TO IIpeMaraeTCJI rrOJ rOTOBKY rrpoeKTa HOBOH KOHCTHTYUHH H rrpeJ CTaBHT HbIHe IIo 06Horo POAa YTBep J eHM KOHcmTymm 3aKpeIIH­ ero J ll I lIlHpOKOro 06cy eHM KO BpeMeHH Bbl60poB B nH 6bl 3a rrOnHTHqeCKOH rrapTHeH j YHKUHIO opraHa roCYMP­ CeHM CTBeHHOH BJIaCTH KOTOPblH He OTBeTCTBeHeH IIepe 06mecT­ 3TO 06J13aTenbCTBO rrapTHJI He BbIIIonHlma Ha KaKoe-TO BpeMJI BOM H HeIIO KOHTponeH eMY IIPH TaKHX 06CTOJlTenbCTBax pa3rOBopbI 0 KOHCTHryUHOHHblX rrepeMeHax 6bUIH OmO eHbI H CeHM He MO eT 6bITb BbIClI1HM opraHOM B rOCYMpCTBe a CY­ bl He MorYT 6bITb He3aBHCHMbI Ja6bITbI Ta e TeMa rrOBTOpHnaCb qepe3 qeTblpe rOAa B HOBbIX llHpeKTH­ Bax K cneJl YlOmeMY C'be3Jl Y IIOPII orry6nHKoBaHHbIX B aBrycTe 1975 r VII CDe3J IIOPII 6bUI Ha3HaqeH Ha 8-10 eKa6pJl 1975 r Bbl­ CTyIIaJl B IIepBbIH eHb Cbe3Aa 3J Bap fepeK CKalan TaM OTMeqanOCb qrO HOBaJl KOHCTHTymrn J on J Ha 3a j mc CHpoBaTb HCTOpHqeCKHH j aKT rrpeBpameHM IIonbcKoH HapoJl HOH Pecrry6nHKH B cOll HanH­ CTHqeCKOe rocYAapCTBO B KOTOPOM BnaCTb rrpHHaJ lle I HT TPY­ J JlmHMCJI ropOAa H J epeBHH H PYKOBoWImylO ponb B KOTO­ pOM HrpaeT 060enHHeHHaJl IIonbCKaJl Pa60qlUl IIapTHJI MbI on HbI OrpaHHq fTbCH caMblMH He06xonHMbIMH yco­ BeplI1eHCTBOBaHMMH CYmecTBYlOmero OCHOBHoro 3aKOHa HO IIpe J e Bcero oTpa3HTb B HHX COll HanHCTHqeCKHH xapaKTep Ha­ lI1em rocYAapCTBa H Te COll HanbHble 3KOHOMHqeCKHe H IIOnH­ eCKHe H3MeHeHH KOTopble npoH30llllIH B xo e IIocTpoe­ HM COlfHanH3Ma IIOPII B rrocne OBaBlI1eM HerrocpeJ CTBeHHO Bcne Ja 3THM 06CY J eHHeM JlHpeKTHB fnaBHbIM COBeTOM rronbCKoro errHCKorraTa 6bUIO yKa­ TaKHM 06pa30M fepeK IIpH3Ban nHlI1b K He60nbIllHM JiaHoonee He06xoJ HMbIM H3MeHeHMM H nHIl1b KaK 6bI MHMOXOJ OM KOC­ BeHHO YUOMJIHyn qrO KOHCTHTymrn J on J Ha YTBepnHTb BeJl YmylO ponb IIOm 3aRO Ha TO qro 3TH j opMynHpoBKH CHOBa CBHJ eTenbCTBYIOT 0 TOTanHTapHOM xapaKTepe MapK­ CHCTCKo-neHHHCKOH HAeOnOrHH IIapTHH H rocYAaPCTBeHHOH 17 JlHOOPH 1976 r CeHM IIpHHHn HOBhlH laKOH IIOpJlJl l e BbIOOPOB KOTopoe rnaCHno IIOnO eHHe 0 BIIaCTH BbIOOPbl B CeHM IIonbCKoH HapoJl HoH PecrrYMHKH B BCKope 59 qenOBeK rrOJ IIHCanH JaJlBneHHe KOIIHJI Koroporo 6bl­ na BpyqeHa 5 J eKa6pJl CTanH 06blqffO Ha3bIBaTb 1975 r MaplI1any CeHMa 3TOT J oKYMeHT IIHCbMOM 59-TH XOTJI cTporo rOBOpJl 3TO He 6bInO rrHCbMOM C orrpe eneHHblM a pecaToM a 06pameHHeM KO BceH 06meCTBeHHOCTH TaM rOBOpHJIOCb 0 He06xoJ HMOCTH ra­ HalfHoHanbHble COBeTbl J on I HbI IIPOBOnHTbCJI Ha OCHOBe npo­ rpaMMbl I poHTa HapoJl Horo eJl HHCTBa Jl HlIeHHoH H IIonbCKOH 06be­ pa60qeH napTHH KOropaJl IIpeJ cTaBnJleT C060H BeJl YI QYIO HJJ eOnOrHqecKYIO CHnY I POHTa CTBa craTbJl 1 1 Ha pOJl Horo eJl HH­ paHTHpoBaTb CBo60Jl Y penHI'H03Hoii coBecm TpYAa CJIOBa HH j Op­ IIpeJl IIpHlIHManaCb 84 IIOIIblTKa YTBepAHTb 3aKoHoJ aTenbCTBoM ponb IIapTHH H KaK BeJl YmeH CHnbl B mCYAapCTBe H KaK PYKOBO­ WImeH IIOJIHTHqeCKOH CHnbl B 06mecTBe 85 23 1976 HHBapH L npoeKT npe lllO KeHHH 06 H3MeHeHHHX B KOHCTHTyUHH nHP KOTO­ paH npe K ll e 4J OpMaJIbHO onpe ll eJIHJIaCb B KOHCTHTyUHH KaK rocy­ a ll apCTBO Hapo ll Hoii ll eMOKpaTHH cTaTbH 1 1 Tenepb npeBpam JIaCb B COUHaJIHCTH'IeCKOe rocY ll 3pCTBO B npoeKTe TaK Ke YTBep­ K ll 3JIOCb 'ITO nopn HBJIHeTCH o6meCTBa IOpH ll H'IeCKHH CMblCJI nO ll 06HbIX cpopMynHpoBoK ll aJIeKO He Bccr­ KOMHCCHH CeiiMa npHHHJIa OKOH'IaTeJIbHblii Be ll ymeii nOJIHTH'IeCKOii cwoii CTpOHmero COUHaJIH3M a B cBoeii nOJIHTHKe OHa npH­ ll 3 qeTOK K npHMepy 'ITO KOHKperno HMceTCH BBH ll y Kor ll a 3a­ HBJIHlOT 'ITO onpe ll eJIeHHOH opraHH3aUHH TO CCTb nOJIHTH'ICCKOH naprnH npe ll OCTaBJIHeTCH BC ll YllI3H ponb B ll HpCKUmax CCHTH6­ 1971 L KaK OTJIHqaTb Be uywylO CHJIY llHPCKTHBbI aBrycTa 1975 OT PYKOBOllHWCH CHJIbl oKOH'IaTCJIbHbIH BapHaHT MO f ­ pH HO cnpocHTb H 0 pa3HHIle MC K ll Y PYKoBoIlHweM H ll COJIOrH'ICCKOii cwoii nOJIO f eHHe 0 Bbloopax OT HHB3pH 3BaHa weM nOJIHTH'IeCKOii CHJIoii cTaTbH YKpenJIHTb ll pY K6y H COTpy ll HaqeCTBO C CCCP H ll pyrHMH 03Ha'laeT JIH Be uywaH 1976 r H PYKOBOllH­ KOHCTHTYUHH a TaK f C 0 TOM CHlla B rOCYJJPpCTBC ll HPCKTHBbI 1975 L TO f e caMoe 'ITO H PYKOBOllHwaH clma 06wCCTBa CTaTbH KOH­ COUHaJIHCrn'leCKHMH CTpaHaMH CTHTYIlHH npe ll JIO f eHHaH 3 ll Bap uOM Ea6lOXOM CPOPMYJIHpoBKa 0 HCPY­ O ll Ha H3 craTeR HOBoro npoeKra macwa fpa K ll 3HCKHe npaBa Hepa3pbIBHO CBH3aHbI C '1eCTHblM H ll 06pOCOBeCTHblM HCnOJIHeHHeM 06H3aHHOCTeii nepe ll fu ll H­ HOH • MCHHJIH oonee 3ByqaJIa CUHllIKOM arpCCCHBHO HeOnpe ll eJIeHHblMH AA ll KeeBCKHH 31 HHBapH nHca­ HanpaBHll CneUHaJIbHOii KOMHCCHH Ceii­ Ma nHCbMO KOTopoe nonrmcaJIH 60nee CTa qeJIOBeK ABTOPbI ero JaHO o6ycnOBJICHbI JIH OHH 'leM-TO HJIH npoCTO a6COJIlOTtlbl CTaTbH KOHCTHTYUHH B KOTOPblX rOBopHTCH 0 ll PY K6e H COTpy ll ­ HH'leCTBe C COBeTCKHM COlO30M HBHO OT ll aBaJIH pa60JICnHCM AHa­ BCTcKoro 6JIOKa npH ll eMOKpaTHH Boo6we a CJIe ll OBaTeJIbHO H npH COUHa­ nilCTHqeCKOii ll eMoKpaTHH eCTecTBeHHO nO ll pa3YMeBaeTCH Be'IHbIMH H HepYllIHMbIMH TorJJP KaK B PYMblHCKOii KOHCTHTY­ UHH rOBopHTCH 0 ll PY f eCKOM H 6paTCKOM COTPY ll HH'ICCTBC C CO­ UMaJIHCrn'leCKHMH CTpaHaMH' 6hl TO HH 6blJI0 yCUOBHHMH CKoro COlO3a TeM OOJIee c4 °PMYJIHpOBaHHbI­ IOPHCTbI napTHH IIHcaJIH 'ITO npH IICpCCMOTPC KOHCTHTYl HH Ha ll ­ nC f aJIO 3acpHKCHpOBaTb npaBa napTHH KOTOPbIC ll O Toro HC 6bIJIH nepeCMOTpc KOHCTHTYIlHH OKOHlJaTeJIbHblH BapHaHT H3MeHeHHH KOHCTHTyUHH 6bill npHH liT 1976 6e3 npHMoro ynoMHHaHHH COBCT­ onpe ueJIeHbI OHH 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06H3aHHOCTH Me f Jy naprncii H rpa f J aHaMH Cornac­ 6blJIH npHHHTbI B Toii 4JopMe KOTOpaH 6blJIa peKoMeH ll OBaHa Ko­ 86 Ec 3a­ YKpCnJIHTb ll pY K6y H COTpY ll HH'IeCTBO O ll HaKO B KOHCTHTYIlHH TaK H HC 6bl­ JIOrH'lHaH JJPHb npHHocwacb JaHBJIHllH 10 06H3aTCJIbCTBaMH JIO paCKPbITO B '1eM COCTOHT 3TH 06H3aTCJIbCTBa KaK HC 6blJIO CKa­ npoeKT HaTOJIKHYJICH Ha cepbe3HYlO KpHTHKY· TeJIb EP KH llIHMblX 6paTCKHX CBH3HX O ll HaKO 'ITO Y f C 6blJIO pCaJIbHbIM cpaKTOM Ho lTO npOCTO pcmCTpa­ ll eKJIapaUHH napTHH HMelOWHC C ll eJIaHO 6C3 BCHKOH UCJIblO JIeraJIH30BaTb CBOlO POITb CBoe nO ll 060cTpacTHe nepe ll CCCP H nOKpoBHTeJIbCTBCH­ HO-OTe'leCKOe OTHOllIeHHe K 06WeCTBY B036Y ll HJIH npOTeCTbI Ec­ JlH napnrnHoe PYKOBO uCTBO peUIHJIO 3acpHKCHpoBaTb B KOHCTHTY­ 87 B 1972 r I enyraTa Ta l eyma I l Im CBOIO He3aKOHHYIO npaKTHKY TO IJ JUl MHOrHX nOnHKOB 3TO HH­ KaK He OnpaBnI IBaJIO He3aKOHHOCTH KaK TaKOBoiL BepOHTHO npe l ­ BaWIaBOM Ma30BelJ KOrO 3aMeHlillH B CeHMe AynaiiTHepoM TaKHM 06Pa30M BTOpoii I enyraT H3 npe l CTaBHTeneii 3HaKa nO l llHcaBIIIHX 3anpoc 11 Mapra 1968 L BH I eHHe raKHX npoTeCTOB H 06yenoBHno HeHCHOCTb H pa3H060H JIHmHnCH CBoero Mecra OKOHtIaTenbHbIX popMynHpoBoK HOBOii KOHCTHTYII HH nO l l ep KHBaTb BnaCTb no KpaHHeii Mepe B TOH CTeneHH B KOTOPOH IIpoTeCTbI OTHOCHTenbHO KOHCTHTYII HOHHbIX nonpaBOK npo l e­ MOHcrpHpoBanH 'ITO Hapo l IIonbIIIH - B OTJIH'lHe OT BnaCTeii CO­ 3TO Kacanocb roJIOCOBaHHH 113 Tpex ocraBIlIHXCH I Boe CTaJIH 60nbme HX OTKPbITO BbICKa3b1BaeMbIX MHeHHH Ko BpeMeHH KOHCTHTYII HH 1976 r H3 npe l CTaBHTeJIeH rpynnbl 3pen I J1H Toro '1T06bI BocnpHHHMaTb 3aKOH Bcepbe3 Bonpoc 0 no l ­ 3HaK B CeiiMe OCTaBaJICH O l HH 'lHHeHHOCTH COBeTCKOMY COlO3Y OT I enHBIIIHCb OT OCTaJIbHbIX I eneraTOB OT rOnOCOBaHHH B03 1 ep­ H c06CTBeHHOH KOMMYHHCTH'Ie­ CKOH napTHH KOTOPblH 6bIJI nO l 1UlT npH 06CY K I eHHH KOHCTHry­ II H0HHblX nepeMeH 6bIJI nO I HHT BHOBb neTOM 1980 r Kor l a B XO l e neperoBopOB C Me K3aBO l CKHM 3a6aCTOBO'lHblM KOMHTeTOM B f l aHbCKe npaBHTenbcTBo nOTpe60Bano 'lT06bI HOBblii npo pcolO3 npH3Han 'ITO IIOm HrpaeT Be D YmylO ponb B rOCY I apCTBe Ha ceH pa3 310 3BY'lHT pe3'1e '1eM B KOHCTHryII HH KOTopaH I a Ke nocne nepecMorpa 1976 r rOBoplilla 0 Be D YmeH ponH IIOPII B 06mecTBe HO He B rOCY I apCTBe CTaHHenaB CTOMMa KOTOPbIH KaJICH IIocne Bbl60poB 21 MapTa 1976 L CTaHHcnaB CToMMa 6onb' we Y Ke I enyraToM CeHMa He 6bIJI IIo 3TOMY nOBo D Y 11 anpenH 1976 L rpynna 3HaK npHHMa pe· 30nlOII HlO KOTopaH YTBep K I ana 'ITO HOBbIe I eneraTbl CeHMa KOTO­ pble HOMHHanbHO ee npe l CTaBnHnH COmaCHO MaH I ary HX I BH I eHHH He I eHCTBOBanH 14 HlOnH 1976 L B BapwaBe 6bIJI C03 1 aH IIonbcKHH Kny6 KayO­ nHtIeCKOii HHTennHreHII HH XOTH npo l on KaJI CyWeCTBOBaTb KJIy6 Ka­ TOnHtIeCKOH HHTennHreHII HH OCHOBaHHbIH eme B 1956 L OpraHH3a­ KaTOnH'leCKHe rpyIlIILI II HH HOBoro KJIy6a KOTOPbrn BHec B CBoe Ha3BaHHe npHnaraTenb' Hoe nOJIbCKHH CBH I eTenbCTBOBaJIa 0 ero HaMepeHHH paCWHpHTb 3a MHorne rO l bl KaTOnH'IeCKHe rpynnbl 06pa30BanH O I HH H3 He­ MHOrHX pa3pemeHHblX H O pHn HanbHO 0 l 06peHHb1X H TeM caMbIM CKopee OrpaHH'leHHblX B CBoeii cBo60 l e O'larOB He3aBHCHMOCTH B 06meCTBeHHoii H nOnHTH'IeCKOii KH3HH Kor l a BnaCTH 'lYBCTBOBaJIH tITO 3ra He3aBHCHMOCTb 3aXO l lilla enHlIlKOM I aJ1eKO OHH 6y D Y'IH oCKop6neHbI H B03MymeHbI HCKanH B03MO KHOCTH OTOMCTHTb Ha­ npHMep nocne 1964 r Kor l a EP KH TypoBH'I maBHbrn pe l aKTOp KypHana ''TbIro I HHK IIoBmeXHbIH nO l llHCaJI nHCbMO 34-x Bna­ CTH CHH3HnH mpa K KYpHana C 40 1 0 30 TbICH'I 3K3eMllJIHpoB npe l CTaBHTeneH rpynnbl 3HaK - nOTpe60BaJIH OT npaBHTenbCTBa Mep npoTHB KeCTOKOro o6pameHHH nOnHII HH I eHraMH H BbIHBneHHH BHHOBHbIX co cry­ nenYTaTbI nO I HMH Bonpoc 0 I eMoKpaTH'IeCKHX npaBax rpa K I aH H nonHTHKe npaBHTenbcTBa B 06JIacrn KYJIbTYPbI BCKope noene nora Ha ceCCHH CeHMa II Ha npOTH KeHHH 1976·1981 rr ueJIbIH pH I aKTHBHCTOB Kny60B KaTOJIH'IeCKOH HHTeJIJIllreHII HH COTPY I HHKOB M pe l aKTOpoB JIHUeH­ 3HpoBaHHblx HO Bce-TaKH He3aBHCHMbIX KaTOnH'leCKHX H3 1 aHHH ny6nMKoBanH CBOH pa60TbI B Heo pHII HaJIbHOH nepHO I HKe a n03 1 ­ Hee nOMoranH He3aBHCHMbIM H caMoynpaBJIHeMblM npo peccHOHaJIb­ HbIM COlO3aM COnH I apHOcTb 1136paHHe nanoH fuMCKHM Kap I HHaJIa Kapona BOHTbIJIbI H no­ CJIe D YlOmHH 3a 3THM ero BH3HT B IIoJIbWY nOCTaBHnH BnaCTH B Kpaii­ 11 Mapra 1968 r B 3anpoce K npeMbep-MHHHcTPY nHTb I enYTa­ TOB CeiiMa - caOIO 6a3Y lO­ He 3aTpY I HHTenbHoe nOnO KeHHe IInaHbI npeCJIe l OBaHHH HnH orpa­ HH'leHHH BnHHHHH He3aBHCHMbIX KaTOnH'IeCKHX rpynn npHWnOCb OT­ nO KHTb Bo3HHKanH HOBbIe Kny6b1 Ka TOJIH'leCKOH HHTennHreHUHH CBH3aHHble CO CTapbIM I BH KeHHeM 3HaK enO KHnaCb IIonbCKaH KaTOJIH'IeCKaH 06mecTBeHHaH aCCOII HaUHH anpenH 1968 r rpynna 3HaK nO l BepmaCb BeCbMa rpy6bIM Ha­ na I KaM npeMbep-MHHHCTpa UHpaHKeBHqa H I PyrHX I enYTaTOB 0 1 ­ HOBpeMeHHo 6bma opraHH30BaHa KaMnaHHH B npecce H MaCCOBbIe co6paHHH C BbIpa KeHHHMH Hapo I Horo rHeBa 11 anpenH O I HH H3 npe l CraBHTeneii rpynnbl 3HaK Ep KH 3aBeiicKHH 6bIJI HCKnlOtIeH llBH I eHHe MOnO l e KH 230KTH6pH 1975 r CraHHenaB KpY KHHCKHH cry l eHT TeonorHH nHTOro KYpca KaTOnH'IeCKOrO YHHBepCHTera r fl106nHHa 6bIJI ape­ CTOBaH H3 fOCY I apCTBeHHoro COBera 89 88 3a paCIl poCTpaHeHHe KJIeBeTHl1'leCKOH HHcpOpMaIUiH KOTO­ paR MO l eT HaHeCTH cepbe3HbIH ymep6 HHTcpecaM IlHP B nliCbMax K pa3JIH'llibIM JIHuaM HanllcaHHblX B nepHO J C HlOHH no OKTH6pb 1975 r II cO J ep l aBlllHX JIO I Hbre H TeH J eHlllI03­ HbIe B3rJIH J bl Ha nOJIHTHqeCKlie II 3KOHOMHqeCKlie OTHOllIeHHH nOJIbCKOrO rocY J apcTBa COIIHaJIHCmqCCKOH ceITbCKOH MOITO C I lf H Bceuapo IJ HOc co6paHHc aKTlIBHCTOB COllllaJIIiCTlIqCCKOrO C0103a BoeHlfOH MOJIoge l H Ha 3Tl1X C06paUHHX 6bWO npllHHTo pellICUHe 0 C03 J aHHH C0103a COJJ Ha­ nHCTlIqCCKOH nOITbCKOH MOJIO C I 1I KaK 06mcH opraUlI3al HH TPY­ gHllI CHCH MOITO C I II BHC nOH CJ lIHOH MOJIO 'C l HOH opraHlnaIIHll OCTamlCb TOITbKO co­ Ha OCHOBaHHH qaCTHbIX ImceM KpY I HHCKHH 6b Jl oCY I J eH Ha 10 MC­ 103bl CTY 'CHTOB CHueB 3aKnlOqeHlIH HeH Mcpe BCKOpe nOCJIe 3Toro peKTOp MC J HlllIHCKOH aKageMHH B HC HCKnlOqlfJl CTY J eHTa TpeTberO KYpca lIueKa r IIlellll­ CMbIKaJIa 06bHC­ HblX npHHlJ lIIlOB pOBaITH II cKaYToB HHqCrO no 06Horo HC 6bWO no KpaH­ C 1957 r IlapmH oCY11I CCTBnHna O J llH H3 CBOHX OCHOB­ eJ llHo06pa3He 3TH naPTHHHbIC aKIIHH crrpOBOllll­ peIIlliTcnbHblC BblcTynneHHH B YHHBepCHTeTax CTY 'CHTbI HeHHH J aHHble no 3TOMY noBOgy J OCTOHHbl 6bITb npollllTHpOBaHbl BbICTyIIHJIH npomB 06beJ lllleHHH MonO C l HbIX opraHH3aIIHH B BbIC­ PeKTOP nllcan 0 peIlJIHKax CMblKaJIa Ha 3aHHTHHX no 06mCCTBCHHbIM llIHX yqe6HblX JaBC CHHHX 3a ncpHO C KOHua 1975 0 HalJ aJ1a 1976 rr HaYKaM npH6JIH3HTeJIbHO 600 CTY CHTOB 'HIiBepcHTcTOB BapllIaBbl 110 311 II KaToBHu nO J llIl­ 3m pennHKII 6bWlI arpeCCIIBHbl no TOUY II MOrllH pa3py­ mHTCnbHO nO J CHCTBOBaTb Ha MlIPOB033peUHe J pymx CTygeH­ caJIH nliCbMa npoTeCTYH npoTliB 06CY I J aBIIlIiXCH TOr J a 1I3MCHeHHH KOHCTHTYIIHH A nOCJIC Toro KaK 3TlI H3MCHCHHH 6b JlH rrpHHHThI TOB Bbl3bIBaH HeHY l Hble COMHeHHH HITH J a l C C03 J 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CTOBOK B PaAOMe H Ypcyce B 1976 r C06bITHH HIOHH 1976 r CTHMY­ rO J OBmHHbI B03MYmeHHH pa60'IHx IT03HaHH Ero rrOAIIHcanH 14 'Ie­ nHpoBanH popMHpoBaHHe He3aBHCHMbIX OT KOHTponH BnacTeH IIeHT­ nOBeK H3 Tex KTO rrOAIIHcan paHee rrHcbMo 59-TH rro rrOBO J y H3­ POB 06meCTBeHHoro MHeHHH MeHeHHH HHe J eHCTBHH PYKOBoAcTBa B 3aHBneHHHX H 06pameHHHX 6pOllIIO­ 94 KOHCTHTYIJ HH l1HTepecHO 'ITO ceMepo H3 3THX 14-TH rr03­ PaCllIHPHnOCb rry6nHt HOe 06cY J e­ 95 pax If nepIfO J H'IeCKIfX If3 13HIDIX KOTOpbIe paCnpOCTpamlJUfCb MH­ ce6H HyH l I eH3YPY 06ll eCTBO OTCTaIfBaJIO paCCCIfBanCH MpaK Han CBoeH He3aBHCIfMOCTH lIOnblleH TaM nOHBJIHnHCb YqaCTHHKH nepBblx He3aBHcHMbIX JIHTeparypHblx H HH$opMal l H­ OHHbIX ny6nHKal l Hii 3aKJIlOl eHHe 1976 r CTpIfpoBana 3KoHoMH'IecKYIO HeCOCTOHTem HOCTb pe KIfMa Te KTO '1eM fpy60e HaCHJUfe KOTOPbIM BnaCTH OT03BanHCb Ha 3aOOCTOBKH If neMOHCTpal l HH H conpOBO K l3BllaH ero nponaraHnHCTCKaH KaM­ naHIDI cnoc06cTBOBanH el I e 60nblleMY oTqy K J eHlfIO leHcTBIDI nOnHI I HH nocne 25 HIOIDI pe KHMa OT 6bmH MCTHTCJ1bHbI If He3aKOHHbI '1ecKyIO H Me J HI I HHcKYIO nOMOl I b pa60'lHM CoJlUiJaPHOCTb 6bma npoHBneHa He npocTO Ha cnoBax 23 ceHTH6pH 1976 r 14 '1enOBeK nO J llHcanH 06pal I eHHe K 061 I ecTBY H BnaCTHM B KOTOpOM 06'bHB­ nHnOCb 0 C03 13HHIf KOMHTeTa 3al I HTbI pa60'IHx KOP OHH nOCTa­ BHnH cBoeM 3a l3'1eH nOMoraTb KepTBaM penpeccIDi KOTopble no­ cnenOBanIf 3a HIOHbCKHMH C06bITHHMH KOP Haqan ny6nIfKoBaTb npaBHTenbcTBeHHblx npecnenoBaHlfHx If 0 cBoeH nOMep KKe IfX KepmaM OH opraHH30BaJI coop H pacnpeneneHHe cpenCTB cpe J H npecnenyeMbIX paoo'IHX lIepBbIH TenbHbIX annapaTOB Ho Bnacm Bce KC He pellanHCb Ha MaCCOBble apeCTbI H H36eranH MeTOnOB j JH3H'1eCKOH pacnpaBbI B llHpOKOM MaCllTa6e B l I eJIOM C HHTeJ1J1HreHl I Hcii 060lIIJIHCb HHa'le '1eM He3a­ nonro nepen TeM C pa60'IHMH TYT BCPOHTHO B KaKoii-TO Mepe CKa­ 3anCH CTpaX nepen 061 I eCTBeHHbIM MHeHHeM 3anana KOTOPblii CHa K8J1 KpCnmaMH nonbCKYIO 3KOHOMHKY B03MO KH0 TaK KC 'ITO cnep­ KHBalOl I ee B03neHcmHe Ha nOnHl I eiicKIDi llaHTa K H MeTOnbI $H3H­ '1ecKoii CryneHTbI H HHTennHreHI I HJ1 opraHH30BaJIH neHe KHYIO IOPH J H­ lfH$opMal l HlO 0 lIoHBJIHJIHCb I3 Ke B TO Ke BpeMH npoBO J HJIaCb KOH j JHCKal l HJ1 caMonenbHbIX MHO KH­ el I e pa3 nponeMoH­ B3HnHCb ynpaBnHTb 3KOHOMHKOH npoCTO He CnpaBnHnIfCb C 3a l3­ 06I I eCTBa nOnBeprnHcb yrpo3aM j JaJIburnBbIc KOMMIOHHKe KOPa HBHO c j Ja6pHKOBaHHble rrOnHl I HeH lIonbITKa nOBbIClfTb l I eHbI B HIOHe B ceHTH6pe co061 I ecmo nHcaTeneii Tpe60BaHIDI orpaHH'IeHHH l I eH3YpbI BbmYCK 6IOnneTeHH nOHBHnCH H3 13TenH npoB03rnallanH 3ana'la I3HHOrO 610nneTeHH - nOKOH'lHTb C rocynapcT­ cyl I ecmylOl I eH B HalleH cTpaHe l I eH3ypoii lIy6nIfKyeMaH Ha­ MH HH$opMal l HJ1 npIf3BaHa cnoc06cTBoBaTb c03pesaHHIO 06­ MHeHIDI C03 13BaH CHCTeMaTH'IeCKHe pa306na'leHHH B B cpene Onn03HI I HH p0CJ10 nOHHMaHHe HeOOXO J HMOCTH pacurn­ pHTb neHTenbHOCTb 3a npeneJ1bI npoCTOH nOMOI I H pa60'IHM Ha npCCC-KOH j JcpeHI I HH B npHCYTCTBHH HHOCTpaHHbIX KoppecnOHneH­ TOB 26 3al I HTY MapTa 1976 r 6bmo 06'bHBJ1eHO 0 C03naHHlf lliH KeHHH B npas '1enOBeKa H rpa KnaHHHa rolIUHO lIon coomeT­ CTBYIOII I HM 3aHBJ1eHHeM CTOHno 18 nO J llHceii 3TO obmo HMeHHO J BH KeHHe KOTopoe He HMeJ10 PYKOBOJVIl I erO KOMHTeTa H He np ennOJ1arano lfJleHcma Ero CTpYKTypa onpeneJ1HnaCb MeHee '1eT­ XpoHHKy npecnenOBaHIDi HanpaBneHHbIX npomB rpa K l3H H Hal l HOHanbHoH KynbrypbI PacnpocTpaHcHHe I3HHOro 6IOnneTeHH - HbIX nHI I H naBan HH$opMal l HIO 06 nOH nCHTenbHOCTH lBH KCHHe COCTaBHnOCb H3 rpynnbl J1lOncii KOTOPbIC BeHHoH MOHononHeH Ha HH$OpMal l HIO KOTopaH oxpaHHeTcH l I eCTBeHHoro OKa3bIBaJIIf KO '1eM B KOPe KOTOPbIH KOOp J HHHpoBan nCHTeJIbHOCTb OTnenb­ HH$opMaI l HOHHOrO 1976 r Ero pacnpaBbl EIOnneTeHHX H KOMMIOHHKe KOPa aKTHBHbIH llar B 3all HTe npaB '1enOBeKa H OnHOBpeMeHHo npHMep ocymecTBne­ HIDI 3mx npaB B ooJlbllHHCTBe CJlyqaeB neHCTBOBaJ1H COB MeCTHO OHH HaqaJ1H nyonHKoBaTb HRa pHan Oml­ MHeHIDI C03 13BaTb CCTb KOHcynbranmHbIX IIeHTpoB B 60nbllHX roponax YCTpaHBaTb neKI I HH H paCilpoCTpaHHTb He3aBH­ CHMble nyfirrHKal l HH B KypHanc OIIHHHa nyfirrHKOBaJIHCb MaTe­ pHanbI no BonpocaM cBo60nbI cnOBa H CBOOOnbI pcmlTHH KPHTHKO­ BanHCb nOnHTH'IeCKHC neHCTBHH BnaCTCH pa300Jla'laJIHCb HapYlle­ HIDI 3aKOHOB H 3KOHOMH'IeCKOC paCTO'lHTenbCTBO HanOMHHanHCb O j JHl I HaJIbHO 3aMan'IHBaeMble COObITHH H3 HCTOPHH lIonbllH B anpene 1977 r HCKOTOPblM KpaKoBcKHM CTyneHTaM OblJlH no­ CTaBneHbI no nO'lTC aHOHHMHbIC IIHCbMa KOTOPbIC nOpO'IHnH HX Kon­ B mBape nyCK 1977 r nOHBHnCH B MaurnHonIfcHOM BMe nepBbIH BbI­ e KeKBapTanbHoro pHana rYnHpHO Bce nocnenyIOll He rO J bI 3anHc KOTOPbIH BbIXO J HJI pe­ 3TOii ny6nHKal l HeH 3aHBHnO 0 nery CTaHHCJ1aBa lIbIHca Y'laCTBOBaBllIcro KaK obmo H3BeCTHO B paooTc KOPa CTyncHTbI 06paTHnHCb C npoTecTOM B npoKypaTy­ py Ebmo H3BecTHO 'ITO 3a lIbIHcoM cnc J HJIa nOnHI I HJ1 OblJl HaHneH MepTBbIM 7 MaH OH Ha nCCTHHI I C O J Horo H3 nOMOB KpaKOBa 96 97 9 M3 H rrpencTamnenH OpraHH3aUHH KOP M POI1U110 CnenanH 3a­ HBneHMH SblCKa3as CSOH rrOn03peHMH 'lTO KaK K KneSeTHH'le­ CKHM IUICbMaM TaK H K rH6enH cryneHTa HMena OTHOlIleHHe TaH­ HaH rrOnHIU1H B BocKpeceHbe 15 MaH cnY KWlH 3arpo6HYIO Meccy A Se'lepOM cTyneHTbl KpaKosa 06'bHSHnH 0 C03naHHH CTyneH'le­ CKoro KOMHTeTa ConHnapHOcTH l103 IJ Hee rrOn06Hbie Ke KOMHTe­ Tbi 6bmH C03naHbi B npyrHx MeCTax B HX 3ana'lH BXOnWla 3alUHTa Tex HHTepecoB cryneHTos KOTopbIe BblXOnWlH 3a rrpenenbl neHTenb­ HOCTH e D HHCTBeHHOH o pHUHanbHo cYlUecTBYIOlUeH cTyneH'leCKOH opraHH3aUHH COUHanHCTH'leCKOrO COI03a rronbCKHX cryneHToB llocne CMepTH llbIHca snaCTH rrOrrbITanHCb rrpHocTaHosHTb neH­ TenbHOCTb KOPa B Mae 6bmH apecToBaHbl 6 ero qneHOB rro 06BH­ HeHHIO rro CTaThe 132 YronoBHoro KOneKca B KOHTaKTax C HHO­ CTpaHHbIMH opraHH3aIU1HMH C uenbIO HaHeCTH YlIlep6 llHP llo TOMY Ke 06BHHeHHIO 6bmo apecToBaHo elUe 4 'IenOSeKa COqyBCTBYIOIUHX KOPy HecMoTpH Ha no neHTenbHOCTb KOPa Heocna6Ho rrpOnon Ka­ naCb a 'lepC3 nBa MeCHua B pe3ynbTaTe MHO KeCTSa rrpoTecToB KaK B lloflblIle TaK H 3a py6e KOM apecToBaHHbIx ocso60nHJIH bbmH BblIIYlUeHbl H3 3aKnIO'leHMH TaK Ke rrocne J HHe H3 OCY KneHHblx 3a Y'lacTHe S HIOHbCKHX C06bITHHX B 1976-1977 aKaneMH'leCKOM rony B KOP SCTyrrWlo elUe 12 'le­ 26 ceHTH6pH nOBeK 'lTO YBemf'lHnO 'lHcno ero qneHOB no 26 1977 r 23 qneHa KOPa 06'bHBWlH 0 paclIlHpeHHH 3ana'l H neHTenb­ HOCTH KOMHTeTa 3TH 3ana'lH orrpenenHnHcb TaK 1 bOPbOO rrpoTHB rrOnHTH'leCKHX H lJ eonOrH'leCKHX penHfHo3­ HblX WlH pacoBblx perrpeccHH H rrOMOlUb KepTBaM TaKHX perrpec­ CHH 2 EOPbOO rrpoTHs HapYlIleHHH 3aKOHa H rrOMOlUb HX KepTBaM 3 bOPbOO 3a C03naHHe Y'Ipe K J eHHH KOTOPbIe rapaHTHpoBanH 6bl rpa K J aHcKHe rrpasa H cS060nbI 4 llOnnep KKa H 3alUHTa moooH 06IUecTseHHoH HHHUHaTHBbI HarrpasneHHoH Ha oCYlUecTsneHHe npas 'lenOBeKa H rpa KnaHHHa OceHb 1977 r 03HaMeHosanaCb cTpeMHTenbHbIM YBenH'IeHHeM 'lH­ cna He3aSHCMMbIX nepMO D H'leCKHX H3naHMH 3TO 6blillI llocTeHn llporpecc BbIcTyrrHslIlHH B 3alUHTY C03naHMH roponCKHx H cenbCKHX He3aSHCHMbIX pa6o'lHx COI030S PoOOTHHK Paoo­ 'lHH KOTOPbrn rrony'lHn HaH60flblIlec pacrrpoCTpaHelIHe H3 Bcex He3aSHCHMbiX rrepHO IJ H'IeCKHX H3naHHH OTpa KaIOIUHX HY K lJ bI pa6o'lHx 06IUeCTBeHHO-nOnHTH'leCKHH KypHan ''fnoc'' ''ronoc'' ny6nHKYIOmHH nOnHTH'leCKHe 3cce enbeToHbI O'lepKH pHanH­ CTOB 0 B03MO KHOCTHX neMOKpaTH3aUHH llonblIlH H Heo6xo IJ HMOCTH caMoyrrpaBnHeMbIX 06IUeCTseHHbIX yqpe K J eHHH CIIOTl aHH BCTpe'lH H3naBaeMhrn KaTOnH'leCKOH MOnOne KbIO H OCBelUal ­ IUHH BonpOCbI nyXOBHOii KH3HH a TaK Ke npaKTH'leCKHe nena OOJIb­ lIleH 'laCTbIO CBH3aHHbIe C rrpecnenOBaHMHMH 1I0nbCKHX KaTonHKOB nHTepaTYPHbrn KypHaJI llynbc KOTOPhIH lIlHpe rry6JIHKOBaJI MOJIo­ lJ bIX aBTopOB 'IeM 3anHC CTYneH'leCKHe lIepHO IJ H'IeCKHe H3na­ HMH l1HneKC H bpaTHHK KOTopbIe n03 J Hee B 1979 r CTanH rre'laTHbIMH OpraHaMH JlBH KeHMH MOJIOnOH llonblIlH 'Tocnona K X03HHH CBH3aHHbrn C POI1U110 H ocsemaBlIlHH HHTepecbI Kpe­ CThHH-enHHOnH'lHHKOB OceHbIO 1977 r rrOHBWlHCb nepBble ny6nHKaUHH He3asHcHMoro H3naTeJIbCTBa HOBa KOTopoe 3a rrocnenyIOIUHe rO lJ bI ony6JlHKO­ Bano OKOJIO 200 6POlIlIOp H KHHr POMaHOB C60PHHKOS CTHXOB 3cce H nOKYMeHToB HOBa neqaTana rrHcaTeneH KHBYIUHX KaK B llonblIle TaK H 3a rpaHHI eH a TaK Ke lIepeBOnbI HHocTpaHHbIx aBTO­ poB 3TH H3naHMH OCYlUeCTBJIHJIHCb MaJIOH nOJIHrpa HeH Ha'lH­ HaH C reKTOrpa pH'leCKoii neqaTH H KOHqaH o ceTHoH I1cnoJIb30Ba­ nOCb TaK Ke KcepoKonHpOBaHHe He'lTO rrOn06Hoe rrpaKTHKOBaJIOCb H npyrHMH He3aBHCHMbIMH H3naTenbcTBaMH llonbCKHM H3na­ TenbCTBOM 113naTenbcTBOM HM KOHCTHTYUHH 3-ro MaH rm­ HOM H np K 3TOii H3naTenbCKOH neHTenbHOCTH IIpHOOBWlaCb H bH6nHoTeKa 3arrpelUeHHbIX KHHr KOTOPaH co6Hpana 3arrpelIIeH­ HbIe UeH3 ypOH npoH3BeneHMH H nenan HX nocryrrHbIMH J JIH tlUTa­ TeneH BnaCTH rrhlTanHCb nOnaBHTb 3TH Ha'lHHaHHH KOH HCKY Il rre­ 'laTHbIe rrpHcrroco6neHMH rrOn03pHTenbHble KHHrH H 6POlIlIOPbI HO 6onblIleii 'laCTbIO 6e3ycrrellIHO B 1977-1978 aKaneMH'leCKOM ronY B BaplIlaBe Ha'lanaCb neHTeflb­ HOCTb JIeTY'lHx YHHBepCHTeToB OHH YCTpaHsanH Ha 'laCTHbIX KBap­ THpax neKUHH no HOBOH rronbcKoH HCTOPHH OCHOBaM 1I0JIHTH'le­ CKHX HaYK rrOnHTH'leCKOH 3KOHOMHH HCTOPHH JIHTeparypbI H T n 22 HHsapH 1978 r 6bIJIO 06'bHBneHo 0 C03naHHH TosapHlUecTBa Ra­ yqHbIX KypCOB B HeM YllaCTBOSan 61 'leJIOBeK - IIO 60nblIleH llaCTH xynO KHHKH H Y'leHbIe 3TH KypCbI nOMorailll pa60Te JIeTyqH X YHH­ BepCHTeTOB YCTpaHBanH lJ HCKYCCHH IIO sorrpocaM 06IUeCTBeHHbIX H rYMaHHTapHbIX HaYK KOTopble HCKa KaJlHCb UeH3ypHposaHHbIM npelIOnasaHHeM H ny6nHKaUHHMH Ma TepHanhI COOTBeTCTBYIOlIIHX KypCOB rrOHBnHJIHCb H B BH IJ e KHHr HarrpHMep 0 rrpo6neM3X H3blKa IIpOnaraH lJ bI WlH HCTOPHH COBpeMeHHOH rrOJIbCKOH JIHTeparypbI B 98 99 pe3ynhTaTe HaneTOB Ha lTeKUHH JICTytUlX YHHBepCHTeTOB l CHTCnb­ TOBapHlllCCTBa HaY'IHbIX KYPCOB co BpeMCHeM npHll1JIOCh HOCTb Ho OrpaHH'IHTh Cpa3Y IIOCJle BblCTynJICHHH pa60lJHx OCCHhIO 1980 r OmlO3HllHOHHaH uCHTcnhHOCTh rrepl1o J 3 1976-1980 rr KOTopaH npOBellCHI1C nCKI l1M BOCCTaHOBHJIOCh B ellle 60ncc I1mpOKOM Mac­ cBOIlHnaCb B OCHOBHOM K c60py H rry6J1HKal l1H paKToB 0 lIa PYlIleHH­ lllTa6c HX 3aKOHa 061ll eH HCKOMrreTCHTHOCTH 11 '1aCTHblX crrCKYJlHUHHX 0 p H ­ B 978 r llaHHH 6bIlTO OCHOBaHO HCCKOJIhKO HOBhlX nepHO l H'ICCKHX H3­ 60nhlllcH tJaCTbIO 1I0lTHTH'ICCKHX ll HaJlhHhlX nHu nO lrOTOBHna B03HHKHOBCHHC ''COIlHAaPHOCTH'' B KpHTHKa Pcc ny6­ 06Ill CCTBe KOTopoe Ha'll1HaH C nocneBoelllloro BpeMCHI1 HenpephlB­ J HKa H AcncKT a TaK I C opraHH3allHH C ll eJIhIO 3alllHThi HHTCpC­ HO H npe 1HaMepeHHo aToMH3HpOBaJIOCh BnaCTHMH HenollueH3ypHaH COB OTIlCJlhHhlX COllHaJlbHhlX rpynn A B HOH6pc 1978 r Y'leHbIX l ypHaJlHcToB H ny6J1HllHcTOB 6bIJ1 OCHOBaH HhlM KJIy6 llOCBHIl'lCHHC H rpynnoH JlHCKYCCHOH­ npIlfrlllIJIOlll'l OnblT H 6YJlYlllCC npecca cnoc06CTBoBaIla lIaJIa l HBalll1IO 061ll CCTBeHHbix CBH3CH Bhl­ pa60TKe npC lITOCbIJIOK JJ1R 06wccTBellHoH IlCHTeJlbHOCTH 'ITO lPO­ HBHJlOCb lIanpHMCp B npoBellCHl111 npa3AHeCTB B CBH3H C Ba l HblMI1 BJIaCTI1 BCKope 3anpeTHnl1 c06paHHH noro KlTy6a HO OH npOIlOJI­ 1I0JIhCKI1MH rOIlOBIll I1HaMH KOTophie 3aMaJI'lHBaIOTCH nopn 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opraHH3allHH CTOpOHHHKOB He3aBHCHMOCTI1 nOJlhlllH 10 peBpaJiH 979 r 26 3a caMoonpelleJleHHe HallHH H CnOJIHTa B KOHll e HIOJlH pa30BaJlOCh rrO J nHCanl1 1980 r HOBaH nOnblTKa nOBhlCHTh ueHbl Bhl3BaJla BOJl­ r 6 aBrYCTa 6blJl C031laH MC I 3aBOllCKoH 3a6aCTOBO'lHbIH KOMHTeT B fllaHbcKe npHMepy KOTOporo 1I0CJleilOBaJIH IlpyrHe ropolla KOMH­ l-h6paHHC KapAHHaHa KapoJIH BOMThilTbl PI1MCKHM nanOH TH6pH B HIOJlC ny 3a6acToBoK KOTopble UlTHJlHCb C HIOJlH no aBrYCT '1CJlOBCK C pOpMHpOBam KOMHTCT Ha'laJlI1 H3AaBaTh l ypHaJi 1979 r 0 leIlbl UCH Ha npO lOBOJlbCTBHe H 3apa60THoH lIJiaTbl BKJlID t l3H lIpa­ BO Ha HC33BI1CHMYIO OT BJlaCTeH caMoCTOHTCJlbHYID opraHH3auHIO Ha 3alllHTY HHTepecoB OT J CJIbHbIX JlHU Ha npOTHBO lCHCTBHC ny BJlaCTCH H HcnollueH3ypHYIO HH p0pMallHlo npoH3Bo­ ABrycTOBcKHe 3a6a­ CTOBKH 3aBCplllHJlHCh 1I0 lITHC3HHeM cornallleHHH Me l JlY lIpaBHTeJlb­ cTBeHHoH KOMHCCHeH H MC I 3aBOllCKHMH 3a6aCTOBO'lHbIMH KOMHTe­ Pe'lh no­ TaMI1 fAaHbCKa lUeUHHa 11 HCTplllc6e nOllo6Hoe 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nyHKToM l iCTOPHH IIOllbCKoro pa60'lero ABH­ lKeHHH He AOll Hbi 3acnoHHTb Apyrl ix Ba HbIX acneKTOB noro co· IIepeeoiJ M llUTBU1W80U 6bITHH - IIpaBoBblx opraHH3aIJ HOHHbIX l i BoeHHbIX Hellb3H yny CKaTb H3 BIfAY l i Te CYIllecTBeHHble IIepeMeHbI B nonbcKoH IIpaBH­ IlleH BepxyrnKe KOTopble 6bIJIH BbI3BaIlbI BBeAeHHeM BoeHHoro TIO­ llO lKeHIfH CJleAyeT TIOA'IepKHYTb lffO BIIepBble B l iCTOpHH KOMMyHH' CTHlJeCKOrO rocy n apcTBa BoeHHble CTallH l irpaTb BeAYIIIYIO TIOlll iTHlJe­ CKyIO POJlb OTTeCHl iB Ha Ja J HHH IInaH TIapTHHHYIO 6IOpOKpaTHIO H IIapmIO B IJ eJlOM QT06bI IIpaBl iJlbHO OIJ eIll iTb yHHKaJIbHyIO pom IIOllbCKoro BoeHHoro PYKOBoAcTBa Heo6xoAHMO ua'laTb C KpaTKo­ ro OIIHCaHl iH 3aKoHa BcrynaIOIllero B cl iny Ha Teppl iTOpHH 110JlbIIIH 1I0CJle 06'bHBJIeHHH B cTpaHe BoeHHoro IIOJIO lKeUl iH 21 HOH6pH 1967 r IIocne 17 neT HernaCHoro PYHKIJ HOlmpoBa­ Hl iH KOMHTeT 060pOUbI CTpaHbI Komitet Obrony CTllTyc O pHIJ HallbHOro opraHa IIpl i COB eTC Ustaw PRL 1967 OTBeTCTBYIOIllero No 44 November Kraju IIony'llUI MHHHCTPOB Dziennik 29 1967 no ornarneHHH co­ YKa3a 6blJla C03 n aHa ceTb BoeHIIblX H rpa lKAall­ CKHX H'IeeK npOHH3blBaIOIllHX BCIO CHCTeMY ynpaBneHl iH CTpanOH cBepxy AOHH3Y OpraHH3aIJ HOHHble H IOpHAH'IeCKHe aCIIeKTbI noro YKa3a CBHAeTenbCTBYIOT 0 IIIHPOKOH IIporpaMMe IIOAroTOBKH CTpa· IIbI K BeAeHHIO HAepHOH BOHHbI 110 nOH IIPHlJHHe KOMHTeT o60po­ IIbI crpaHbi 6bIJI IIOCTPOCH TllKHM 06pa30M 'IT06bI lKH3Hb rocy n ap­ CTBa MO lKHO 6bIJIO 6blCTPO l i 6e3 OC06bIX OpraHl i3aIJ HOHHbiX npeo6­ pa30BaHHH IIepeBeCTl i lIa Boellllble penbCbI Ha BeplillfHe IIl ipaMl iAbI lIaXOAl iTCH CeKpeTapHaT KOMl iTeTa 060­ pOHbI cTpaHbI KOTOPbIH BbIIIonHHeT PYIlKIJ HH EIOpo COBeTa MHHH­ CTpOB 3TOT ceKpeTapl iaT 0pralll i30BaH TaKHM 06pa30M 'ITO B Clly­ 'Iae 06MIBJICHHH BoeIlHoro IIOllO lKeHHH OIl MO lKeT 6bITb IIpe06pa30­ ' CTaTbll 5hma lianelfaTalia B lKypliane Ost Europa No 5 1982 102 103