COB ceKPeTHO OCHOBHOE CO II EP1KAHME EECElIbI A H HKoB eBa Eece C reHep bHHM UK KITq M HRemeM COCTOHAaCb 14 HOHOpR rrpoxo na O H Ha O H rro Topa Mhi CK8 3M M RRem exocnoBanrlH ro rr a Ha38 Il TBep II o BCTyITlUlli Ha rryTb rrepeCTpoMK rrpeOOpa30BaHHM Ha rryTb BHM CeKpeTapeM Ha 7-0M ilneHYMe HYJO cxeMy n8pecTpoMKH Ha 9-0M UK C yqeToM crre M ecKHx ycno KQq MH pa3BepHYnH np rrHanb OPMYJlliPOBanH OCHOBHhle Ha rrpaBJIeHH fi paooTH no rrepecTpoMKe napTMM KaE OCHOBHOM 3BeHe nepecTpoMKH B ceM C nOM Ho MH BM II V TO C II eITanH BHBO II OOOCHOBaHHP B CBR3M C rrpO MraeTCR II 8nO Me eHHO TO nepeCTpOHKe He II OCTaeT eM M rrpOBenM TOpOM CKa3anM 0 rnaCHOC ocHOBax COBeTOB C TaeM pOnH O nocne H II eonOT'M eCKOro n eHYM Hapo oro pOHTa paOOT Y Ha II e UK Ha KO II eMOKpaTM eCKHX M II eOnOT'M eCKOM CTOpOHOH nepeCTpOM KM Mb1 T8M CaMlilM 3aBepIDl1Jlli Ha Cbe3 TI e o6cy D HM n a rIhHeMIIIHe mar B 3 TOM OOJIacTH 3aAa ceH C 0I1nH3a H CI1nOH 06CTaHOBKH B CTpaHe Ho KaR n epIKaTb B pyKax OOCTaHOBKy MHJIH eM CXO X MJIM B OOmeCTB8 npo eccaMM e TeM TO rrpo eCCOB HanpaBJIeHMe MX TaR pecrry6nHKM ecnM OH II o a BeCTM Bnepe n npeOOpa30BaHHH He n OrryCKaR II eCTa MbJ napTMH caMa nOM II 8T BO rnaBe rrpo BHOI1paeM HMeHHO pyKOBO II CTBO 6 o 28 OKTROpH B II eHb 70-neTMH He BHCTYIDrJIl1 C sTOM Inm aTMBOM TO sTa ro Morna OH 6HTb I'opa3 II o CMnbHee McnOnb30BaHa npOTI1B Hac eM STO npOM30IllJIO cP8 KTM eCIm TaKylO iKe n03M Mb1 3a H fflIM M no OTHome HMID K rrpoBe II eHHID 17 HO n Op n 3ace H Hapo oro cPpoHTa nOCB eHHO I'o C03 II aHMID B Me nOnHTH eCKH CCP KOMMCCMI1 no npaBaM enOBeKa CeM c HaJlrnBaJOTCH XapTI1CTbJ OHM 3aHMMBlOTCR TeM -qeM He 3a rmMaeMCR Mbl O Mbl He no KpblBaeM r II e Mb1 CaMH oT rr aeM TeJIhHOCTH • Ha sTOM Te none p e n To eCTb H O cBoeBpeMeHHo 3 eKTxBHo OTBe aTb Ha TO O eMCTBXTenbHO Ha3penO B 06meCTBe He OBO Tb rrono eHHe O Toro Kor a o eHKH KpXTMKa BHCKa3HBaHME M rrpe O eHMR MOryT enaTb CR TO bKO epe3 3fui no epKHYn M RKem Cn8 MKa cerO Hero exocnoB oro 06meCTBa B TOM HeM aKTXBHO eMcTByeT OUHT 1968 qTO B ro npMToM eHcTByeT o oBpe MeRnO KaK B D03MTMBHOM TaR M B HeraTMBHOM nnaHax HaAo TWBaTb 3TO 06CTORTenbCTBO H o BM eTb M gpyroe B 1968 ro B CaMOM napTMM npox30rnen pa3phTB HaMepeHJ1M KOTopHe BO MHOT'HX c rryqa n x 6bUI X MCKpeHIDie M eCT ENe M KOHKpeTHNX rrpaKTM ecKXX en B pe3ynhTaTe Ha aB rrpo ecc rrapTMR He CMor a y ep aTb ero rro CBOMM KOHTponeM Ha 6YMare xo TenM oAHoro npXmnM B eMCTBMTenbHOCTM K COBepmeHHO HHOMY MbJ npO IIp IDKan M HKe r B LJ eJIOM np1UlliMaeM noene o6cY1K II er- MM B I1pe3M TI MYMe 1J K KIIti xoponrne pemeIDfR Ho ReT 60eBbIX BhTCTyIDIeHMM Hac Bce BpeMR c u ep7K i1BaIOT onaCeIDUU 1 3a YlllliCTOTy COIJ HanM3Ma y rrOTOMy MraTb BuepeA rrpaKTM eCKoe AeJIO Tpy O K eTCR Henocne u OBaT8nbHOCTbID cne CTBy e TaKoro npH n MH HamMX marOB nOnO eHMR o M3 npH'tlliH 3aCTOR - HReMOCTb nonOBMH TOCTbD To o BHeillHe 3aCTOH K OB MX TenbHaR HeCM8 Ha pa60Ty B STOM HanpaaneHHM npMHRnM BHa e O npopa60TaBIDHe B 06KOMax Ha PYKOBO X O OCTRX 60 ee eCRTM neT O nepeMTM Ha yr yD pa60T Y aTO n03BOnKnO 06HOBMTb PyKOBO CTBO 06nacTHoro ypOBHR r e Bce C8KpeTapM ceH ac - HOBNe Ho He nO O M no npMH ny B03paCTa B O Ha CKonbKO aKTMBeH PyKOBO Tenb TO OH eT nepeCTpoMKe 3 B aTOM K OBHX nepeMeH B JIaTh 3TO Ha O OM llpw rnHaM C eJIaTb Ha He06xo OCTb OTMeTMB pyKOBo cTBe TO 113 TI Byx 6 JlJ1Xa l1 nrnx nneHYMOB eKa6pb KOTOpHX 3arwaHZPOBaH Ha rrpOH3BO Tb no epKH ' CEH3M M RRell ce ac SToro oqepe OM 1988 ro a He y n aCTCR ITpe onaraeTCH UK KfIq ec Ho rrpo ecc 3aBepIDHTb c e nepEIDr H3 KaKHM- 60 no TO nepeMeHb1 ITpH II eTCli CDe3 n e napTHH B Mae 1990 Toporo nepe n BHHYT Ha ro n paHblle B CER3H C TeM TO ro a C03 RO Heo6xoAliMo cepop1 llipoBaTb M rrp¥_qffTb KOHI J eITIJ Jm CJIe rryKJIl eM IliITHJIeTJrn ee ITpaKTI14 e CKHe opMeHTHp' cI n o ee Haqarra TIepe n n exa6pbCKliM ME rrp aeM Bo-nepBbtX UK eHyMoM nrrq MY CTaBHM HeCROJIbKO eMy 3Ha'qei llie KaR cpe n cTBY Mo6IDrn3 Ha mnOJIHeHHe Te ef1 IliITIDIeTKl1 TIpaB IJ a J'$-e SCHO tITO nOJIHHM ee B XD60M CEYt raej HO O K ee nOKasaTeRRM ilnaB HEHeillHerO 3 a Macc He E1I MH XOTE 6u MaKCHManhHO npH6nR3HTbCR ro a 6y n eT B@ITOJIHeH HO STO OqeHb CHJIbHO CKoppeKTHpOBaHHHH DEaR BO-BTOpm npe n CTOHT sapaHee paCCMOTpeTb npe apHTeJIbH bIe MeTKH Ha CJIe r JyIaIlJTlO IlWrIDIeTKy C TeM 1ITo6lJ n o Clle3 n a 6IDIa HOCTb KX n opa60TaTb H 06CY Tb eIlle pa3- yro Ha Ha B03MO nJIeHyMax UK H B-TpeThHX MhT XOTIDA Ha'tffiHaTb pa60ry Ha IJ npOrpaMMOH napTHH ee y RQq HHKor n a pa ee TYI 11eM CTpaHEiL K IDJH -mo n D He rOTOBHTeJIbHyD pa6oTY H TOtIHO BpeMeHH - HOB M yCTaBOM H HOBO KOHCTH r989 ro n a npe n nOJIaraeM 3aBepnmTb rro n Tor a IDHpOKoro RO ermHen CJIe ef 6 o n o C'be3 D a napTlm y Hac 06c eHHH 6 eT BTHX n OKYMeHTOB n oCTa Ha C IDITIDIeTKH Ha'tIaJIH peXOHCTpyKIJ IDJ napTHIDloro armapaTa 0WialtO B Ha IIIHX YCJIO BHRX He eTOHT 3 a'tIa ero peSKoro cOKp eHHR He n orrycxaTbero pOCTa Ha KaROM-TO COKp eHHe MHCCHZ UK HO He o eHb 60JIhIDOe Ha STOM BTane pemeHO nocne eM B03MOZHO HeKOTopoe npo eHTOB Ha ecRTb C03 KO no npHMepHO 15 HanpaBneHHHM C errbD E@pa60TKy rrO THKHt 4 KOHTpOM sa ee OC eCTBJIeID1eM nOMO B rrpOBe n emrn K8 JWOBOM pa6o TH r aBHoe - rrO Th Ka eCTBO CaMoro arrnapaTa napTHH Hero pa6o Tm n 06ZTbCE Toro To6H OB He n y6liKpOBaE MllHHCTepCTBa npaKTffqe CKHe OpraHH3 J1lm Hac cettqac CaMM BaXHaH eHOB TIpHMepHO TpeTh ee B8 Co6paH¥ 1962-1963 rO Il OB 3Ha OB n e XOTE 6H Hapo n Bl1 I 11T - aKTHBH3HpOBaTb rrapTW aTET naCCHBHa OHH nHIDb r KaKO H napTHliHo HO He BHTIOKRffDT CTaHOBHTb HOmeHMe 3a n a a eHa B3HOCH M XOAffT pa6oTH XOTKM BOC- napTHH KOTopoe c eCTBOBaEO Il O B n oBoeHHo 6 a3HOM eXOC OBaKllH rrycTb TO tUleHH napTZH 3 n eCb TO OHli Pll IJ OM aTO 6y Il eT 06R3RBaTb Il eMCTBOBaTb H CaMoro KOMMyHHcTa Ho 3TO KOHe o Mepa BHeillHF M aCTHM BaxHee M Tpy ee Il 06HTbCR C II BMra no c ecTBY rrpeo n o eTb HexBaTKy aKTMBHOCTH 6oeBM TOCTH napTMfnm H LlXJPoKpaTH3M OTcYTcTBHe aTMBB HyxeH cefrqac xOpomHH Hp rrpe Il Ce n aTe b B K OM napTHMHOM OpraHn3aqHH HO oco6eHHO B nepBliqROM npeoLl aeT o6cyx n eHHe rrpo6 eM Ha Bcex ypoB F JrX Tor rr a EaR TPe6yeTcR llpaRTHY eCKaH pe Ha HHX 11 pearMpOBaTb Il O B nepBYD O epe Il b HMeHHO nepB e na OpraHM3 - CaMH IDrnI I HaTMBHO He Il 01PJ'1 1J affCb nORa TO-TO 6Y Il eT nOCTaBJIeHO HaBepxy HIDi c eHO OCTaeTCR HM CBepxy npOLl eMOM M TO npo Il O aeT pMHpOBaTbCR He CnpamHBaH MHeHHE Il eH TO K OBaH B SaMKHYT0M Kpyry 0 nOnHTMKa Il O CKX nop OC eCTBrrffTbCR Ke e o e OBeKe H83Ha aH KorO-KBLlO 6es mHpO Rore o6cyx Il eHHR K aTYP8 c 06 eCTBeHHocTbD TaKaH rrpaKTHKa OCO 6eHHO Bpe a B Y OBH HX MHoronapTI1MHOCTH CtrnTaeTC a no eMy-TO lITO Il e B CnOpTHBHHX 06 eCTBaX MHHHMyM 60 npo eHTOB pyxOBO Il CTBa Il O HO 6RTb 113 c a KOMMYHMCTOB XOTE Il O HX B crropTe B enOM He rrpe 5 BHmaeT HeCKO bKHX npO eHTOB nO eMY BHX aCTKaX Ha pe B HraTb pa60TH HaAo cpeAHHX ypoBERX HB wacco 6ecnapTHttHHx z npe CTaBH Te e yrKX napTM Eo aKTHBH3a E MeTH ee M RRem no cJIe e pbIe B CH emeBHe EaCeJIeHHH a ace KO CTOB OC 03rnEeTc n OT c TpY OCT Ha eHHeY p TOBapauH KOTO BpeWi yCyry6JIEDTCH CyxaeTC H acco PTHMeHT BID fi lBaDT TOBapH n aeT K8 eCTBO rme pacnOpElIeHl1R ROTophle nO 'qac TOBapoB H yc r H€Tle OT aDTCH CBoet O'qeBl1 HOt B3 OPHOCTbD no6yz T e 3 aBaTbCfi BonpoCOM a He ca6oT STO 3apnnaT3 sa rrpome CTb HRHemHero ro npeBh1CH a TOBapHYD Maccy Ha 5 WRE Jmap n oB KpoH HaBecTH TYT nopH D oK 06HTbCH paBHOBeCIDi n eHe l HO A MaCCR H ee TOBapHoro nOKpHTHH - rJIaBHOe yCJIOBHe MR npoBe n eHHfi nepecTpo r bm H ee ycnexa EcJIH STorn He YA8CTCH 06HTbCH '1'0 tIew n an blDe TeM B 60JIee OCTPO qx pMe TaRDe nOJIoxeHMe 6y e'T CB ff3H BaTbCR C nepeCTpo Bce HaCTO Bee H306paEaThCR RaR ee CJIe n CTBHe M RRell no IJ tI8pKEyJI SHa'tleHHe Ii nepeCTpOnKH HapoAHQI'O XOS CTBa N8cma6a npo6J1eMH CTpyKTypHO$i tICCP He06xo MOC' 'b CTpotnte HaS pe JIa nO rvIex e BhIIIpaB nemm cnponop H rJry60 RH B B TfiItOf1 nepe B8JIHKH Ii TO xe BpeMH munm o HBHhI ecflH T MaTepMaJIhHID Cpe CTB H B03MOXHOCTe c eCTBeHHee - ee oc eCTBJIeHH H a T8KMe - O e 8 He n eq» ' ' e O'l'HOCHTeJIbHO TOro lTO MoxeT H AOmmo 6RT1 l npHRffTO sa KOHKpeTFJYD aJI1 lTepHBTHBy HI meDIHea CTpyJtTYPe Hapo n HOro xosJi1 C'l'Ba H Kalt npoBOWITb 1m COSHaey o'1 a He n aCT aTY aJIbTepHaT14BY 13 P3Hb • tITO O TOJIbRO SltOHOloiif reCRaHpeqx plola 60JIbmO IfyxHs Ii r nyooK8Ji nepeMeHa B CTpyRType HSNeHeHMe OTHOmeHH H It CTapHM TPa D H OHEIDI OTpaCJIRY npoMbDlIJI8HHOCTK BSJiTh CTa JIeJmTe Il JIH Bee HeT B CTpaHe EM CHpbJi BH SHeprnH Bee 6 npHXO TCR MMnOpTHpOBaTb npHTOM HeKOTOpHe Be e 3 aTHHCRO AMepJdKH Cero II FJi EO XI' B03 e'A cTBHe Ha Il O ytlliThIB8 Tb He TOJIbKO 8KOHOMH-qeCID1e aCneKTH STHX OTpaCJIe H8 SKOJIOrv x - npoCTO ry6HTeJIbHO - a B rr aH '9 0M cJIy1me OHO CB ff3aHHHe C STH'M -qeJIOBe-qeCKHe MaTepHaJIbHHe H3 rr e KH MJIH B BoeHH8H npoYHmneHHOCTb - 'tlexo CJIO BaIDU1 • 3 Il eCb Ea rr o Tcxe rrpe CTOHT onpe n eJIHTbCH trro eHHo 6y rr eT npoi13BO 4HTb B nepCneKTHBe H8 KaKOI'O po rr a H 06'beMH nOCTaBOR OpMeHTHpoB8TbCR B B OHa Y MeeT orpo y rr eJIb Bec eM eeep rrpyrHe COIJ H8JIHCTH1ieCKUe CTpaFlli t EDOnepHpOB8TbCH C HHMH B TO l e BpeMR E STHX OTpaCJIS X eCTb MHoroLUfCJIeHHhle 11 BBCOKO KB8 lII1cIM poBaHHbIe Ka Iij H tITO MHO rHe H3 HHX - MIt C HIDtrn 6HTb Oco6eHHo C ytieTOY Toro 'l'e lite hreT8Jl 11YpPH EanpHMep - rr eCHTHJIeTHH r 60HO npHB KnH E npome e BHCOKOMY COUHaEbHOMY npeCT OTpac 60JIbmO s8pTIjiaTe M no TY PemaTh npH rr eTCH HO sa t He TaK RaR eTO rr eJI 8 Y ce6H 8TY npo6EeMY M TsT ep KaK-TO a no-co a JmCTl·rqeCIrn • llpe rr CTOHT nepeCTpaHB8Tb H CTPY UamHHOCTpoeHHH KOTOpas OpHeHTHpoB8Ha H8 -qp€SMepHo IillipoKylO HOldeHKJI8TYPY H3Ae rm H8 I1 O HO 0AmU l HaY c rr eJIaTb STO Tpy n HO B CBoe BpeMH 'tiexOCJIOB8lGUl He paspYmeHHaff BO O nOMoran a nO MaTbCH nOCJIeBOeHHo A JIeHHOCTH llOJHl Illi rwyrnx CTpaH HatmHaTb npol£CmI Ce c Eal6 TPYAHO otreHb Tpy IJ HO Hat rnH8Tb CTpYliTYPh'YJO nepeCTpo 13 O IJ HHO C IKY HyzHO 6HCTpee f H B opr8HH3a H coBMeCTHRX npe pHHTH ROonepHpOBaThCH nO-HaCTOg el Y a He OrpaIDftmBaTbCH npHB H o6MeHaliH • Mo cmo 6HJIO 611 lJ e aTh eTO B c pax BHCOROTeXHoxo oro BM MI i npoHsBolJ cTBa CBH3H 06ecneYH npoH3Bo IJ CTBO npo n y H WpOBO ro ypoBHH Ha COBMeCTHO oCHoBe Y'J e e B CaMO'M HaliaJIe IIyTH HyEeH H aKCno npoAYKIJ HH ManIHHOcTpoe- HHH B paSBHTHe xaIIHTaJIHCTifqeCKKe He TOJIbKO COD HaJrnC'l'HtieCKHe 7 CTpaHH M Koonepa H B npOM3BO CTBe Ha 3THX HanpaB eHHHX To e nOKa B rMy H llx c en nHillb CaMHe ManeHbKHe marH Qe OM DOKa TO 3KOHOMMKa CTpaHH HaxO MTCfl B T enOM eMCTBKH eTh X eCBTKOB rrOJlliTHKa rrpMBeJrn K TOMy trTO Ha pa60TaD HX KOTop e npoMNIDilleHHOCTH B QenOM Ha rrpOTRXeHHH He OCTaBa n OCb TYT cpe eTB Ha rrpOTF eHHH Mo epHH3aI J ID'J Herrocpe CTBeHHO M neT PyKax MeTannyp HKTYIDT no o eHHe B OXHOB eMaH KMY o-qeHb n onroro BpeMeHH H p8 3Bl1THe rr pyrHX OTpaCJle Ha e OBeKa B@pa6oTanOCb OTHomeHMe K 3TliM OTpaCJlhM K K eMY-TO cyry60 BTopoeTeneHHOMy eno He TonbKO B illfTepe cax HO 11 B TOM trTO He 6bUIO nOHHMaHHR pac eH SHa eHKH 3TH OT He TonbKO eTp 06 eeTBa HO axe C TO H speHHR rrepcneKTHB paSBHTRR CaMOH xe 3KOHOMHKH Heo6xo o B HTore ceH ac MHoroe trTO p8 3BHTHR nerKOH H n eBOM rrpo eHHOCTH rrpMXO HTCR HMTIOpTHpOBaTb C 3an a CnO OCTb 3KOHOMH eCKO pe opMH nepeCTpOMKH e e H B TOM npo o an M HKem O OHa BHS BaeT HOB e OTHomeHHB He TO bKO Ha ypOBHe PYKOBo eTBa HO 11 B cpe e pa60'tlliX Ha ypOBHe Tpy CF r e eeTb npHBhNKa K ypaBHH 1IOBKe cOnpOTHBJIeIDIe Heo6xo MOCTH pa 60TaTb Ho HeB03MOXHO COXPaHHT Ha 6 ee O tI HOBpeMeHHO 11 co anb e npSBa 11 e3 enbe H o rrp aTb e OBeKa KoxneKTHBH TeppH TOpHH pemaTb CBOH rrpo6 eM@ - r e 3TO BOSMOXHO - CaMHM 6e3 Tpe 60BaHHM K roc apCTBY Ho HMeHHO TyT HHepQHR CKa3 BaeTCR C OC060M CH 1IOM M 3 eCb HaM rrpe CTOHT o eHb 60 bmaH pa6oTa qTo6 orOBO PHTbCR C pa6o KnaCCOM Ha aTaR HaMH nepeCTpOMKa H3MeHHna nOKa T bKO eHTp TO eCTb nepCOHanbHHM COCTaB pyKOBo n CTBa H HeKOTop e CaM@e o6 e opraHH 3 o e MOMeHT Ho co n epxaHHe pa60T opraHHs o e H 3KOHO eCKHe CTPYKTYP B nOKa CyTb npo6 eM e OM OCTaIDTCR nOKa npe O -TO H nO aDT Tax C03 anH rocy AapcTBe e ITpOH3Bo n cTBe e 8 06be HHeHHH BBe B 6oPHOCTb HpeKTopoB A O npO O aDT npoHBliHTb naCCHBHOCTb HeCaMOCTOHTe bHOCTb CC aIDTCH Ha Heo6xo H MOC b B aTb HRH Ho nORa 6YAYT no eMy e aTb He Bceo6beMnID e Toro HOB e ycnOBHH o e B03MO HO B X03H cTBOBa c eCTBYD ycnOBHfiX no eMY XOTH 6 He HaBeCTH rropH OR B eAax B 06 eM MHoro HOBoro B 6yMarax Ha eAe e npo o aeT eHCT BOBaTb CTapoe M cerO HH MH oco6eHHO xopomo nOHHMaeM noqeMY He npOXO KnM npe He nOITHTKH pe opM Be r aBHBe np HH BUX MH CXHillKOM erKO OTCTyTI H CaMHMM nepBHMM Tpy gHO CTHMH CaMmM nepBHM conpOTHB eHHeM nepe A BO-BTOpUX Cero HH C KaROH-TO axe Bo-nep BHYTpeHHeH roTOBHOCTbID T HCb o ecTBHTb pe opMH 6e3 eMoKpaTHH MH nOHHMaeM 3HaeM TO TaR He b3H H Ha3 He b3H OTCTynaTb B HaqaTOH nepecTpoMlie MH He HMeeM rrpaBa 06 ee AasneHHe Ha Hac CBO HTCH K TOMY To6 y6paTb napT OT CTH 3TO aB e HMe eT H H3HYTpH H H3BHe CTaBHTCH Bonpoc Tax eM0KpaTHH eCKaTb TO bKO Tor a HaCTO a R ROr D a 3TO eMOKpaTHHtI 6e3 ROM MY niCTH eCKOH napTHH B 3TOM MaRe q TO 6hI Mh1 °HR D eJIaJrn KaKZe 6H D eHCTBHTe bHO eMOKpaTHqeCKHe marH H MephI HM npe npHHHManH OHM HHKor rr a He 6YlJYT npH3Ha Hh1 TaKOBliIMH HZ 3arra n OM HH TeMH Roro OR no ep BaeT B HaIDeM 06 eCTBe Ho 11 MbI cerO lJ HR C03HaBaH Bce 3TO nOHHMaeM H n pyroe lITO eMOKpaTHH BC8r D a 06eCrreti HBaeTCH Ha D e e TO bKO qepe3 COOTHomeHHe KaKHX-TO CKn a He epe3 HamH npaBl1 1I bHhIe H He qepe3 Harny O HOCTopOHHHe e D HHO H'tffiYlO eHCTBKH D e c e OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb KaK napTKH a6COXDTHO 3a Bce E 3TO CBR3H np0 D o an M RRem Harna M@CXb eT B HeCKO bKHX HaITpaBneHHRX H o qme HcnO b30BaTb nOXHTKqeCKHe H npaKT eCKHe B03MOEHOCTK HapO Horo pOHTa KOTOP@M nOKa e e qaCTO 6e3 H aTH BeH 3aqopua 30BaH Kor CO 3Y BaBJiHBa nCE caMOO 38 KJIB nHBaJmCh H OB eTBOpfiJIO O O B HaIDeA CTpa e TO hKO YCTa nepBOO TOJIhKO cor CHe ere OCHOBS - HapoAHoro HaC yC' 'paHBaJIO OHTa C nCnHTKKO KOlffiapTHH Here rOTOBHOC l'b npe nOCTaBRTh Bce OCTaJIbBOe HaJ ro IUiB' BO Bcex OTBOIIIemurx B no pecny6 KaX PeJIe T H OT 06meCTBe Ho ce COBepmeHHO HHa E 06CTaBOBKa B Toro BpeueHH eC b HHCTpg 6e3 DOPT npe n cTaSJIHJJIll1ie Hapo IUi qpOHT o e na Th itt pea JIhHWWH MH HHCTpallH 3al4eCTHTeJUiUH pecny6JIHKaHCltillX Dpe»bepoB By n eT O'1'BeTC'1' BeBEOCTb 3a npaKTwqecKOe neno - 6y eT H rpaxMHcxoe B nOBe neBHe a ae C EOW BHHYaHHH M Bxem CE JIhHOa OCHOEH ptma eTCE sa H3 eH'I'pa ' 'OJIbKO OTBeTCTBeHHoe KpHTH KaHCT BO K ce6e cBoea neHTeJIbHOCTH CoBe Ho y HHX nOJIHTKqeCKOe noxa no epKHyJI BeT aKOHO CXOn Ha epHa B cpe ew TOJIhKO Ba 20 npo eHTOB MeC 6 eT nOK C'tie'1' caJjolIHHaHCHpOBaHKH a OC'l'aJlbHOe CoBeTB no nyqa m RJm EHIlpBlIlHBaDT Y Be IJ OMC l'B RpaaHe EereTHEHhle nOCJ1e n CTBlU1 C' 'a tIa HJ teTh ce1Nac npaK 'HKa Y3Ko e neEoro Ha 3Ha'ti8HRfi no MSX -ra KHY 06pasOD HMH '1'aK T YT cpe ncTB Kor CoBe meBH BOSH03HO H paCDOPHAHThCS KB K SToro neaCTBM'1'eJIhHO -rpe6yM Mec' 'HYe YClIOBHR H By tJUi Beo6xo Ma 60XbmaH rH6KOCTb O C l'H ee nae'i' 06meH OHaJrbHas KaYIlaHKS KO'1'Opyl Wbl HB 3lmB ew ft 'l'e ne-a seT QyTb ee - B AJtH 06POBOXbHOM 6eCnna HOY T e IlOSBe lteHRfi cxaxeM RJIyOO MeCTHHX EH DJrbS pememtff RHEtt SB nati Ho O rtHoro S'l oro xpaaHe MaJIO Hy eH nop 01t npH ItO'1'OpoM COBe'r oomJ a-i 6g o a'l a'tiBOa aHCOBO-aXOHO CROacawocTOHTe OCTbDt a eHTp '1'OJIbRO Cnpa mHBaJI Cis sa xaKHe-'l O o6mH a DOP OX Ha 14eC'1'ax Jot o6meHaI4HoHaJ bEme npoI'p8JoDlll To eCTh BalmS H CaJ OCTOHTeJIbBOC'1'h CoBeTOB MeCTHBe HaJIOM Ra It H Be lta lme tJhl o 5ecnetnrnaJI ByXBO callO CHpO ClUlOHHe14CB it weHlm BBeC'l'H Tor na 6 e'l' H 60JIbnma cnpoc C caJlltt CoBe' 'oB eJIH paCXO CH 6 Cpe n CTBa 38 TO ro B HamHX YC 013HEXt OTMeTH M Hxem O eHb TPY O ocymecTBHTb CnKRHHe nOCTOB napTHaHoro M COBeTCKOrO pyKOBO TeAH Ha MeCT8X STO npe nnO naraeTC H C e naTb B CoBeTCKOW COllSe 13 IHOrOnaPTHaEo tICCP CHC'I'eJru KOr na y llpHtlHBa TO - KaK Ba lIH1n e BCex na P'1'M r OJmHa 6HTb B npKHqHIle B03WOXHOCTh 3B RWl'h pyKOBo n mnee Mecero B CoBeTe Ilepe-qaPKHY'l'h callY STy B03YOIHOC I'b UIatmJIO JmItlHTb CWiCJIa H lLHOrOnap'I'HAByD CH HaC'rpotiTb OCTaJIbHHe nap-rMH npOTHB HIIt CTeMY MH nO IJ 1IepKHYJI ocymecTBAH8NNe KU H 6ii1 qccP MJmem nOIDUlaeM H no n nepuBaeM RllCC B npeo6pa3oBaH¥Ji Bo CTBO B P OBO r C'fBe COBeTCKOW 06maOTBe nOHKwaeT Taxxe O nepeW8HS no o6Horo wacmTa6a H 3Ba e HHB He WOryT npoMCXO Th 6e3 Tpy oCTe aTO 60 mHHCTBO He Bhpa JtaeT onaceBHIa 0 TOM e' ' BepHO Ho KYJ1fi M IJ e' ' COBe 'CKH Q 3Haew 'q'f'O 08 aK'1'HBH3HPyMCJi H C1i IIIl1 KOTOpOO XOTeJIH iTO xacae-rC H Yex nyHapo qvPwaJIhHO Com am n eJI TO Do rqepKHyJI nOMe nOJIHTHKY COBe'1'CKOrO W BH I4KW liTO HOBoe nOJIWrHtleCItOe JiWlIUIeHH8 Coroa 6J i IDloro M HKem WH ae OHa HaM Hy3Ha npmmcln' yxe nepBSB pe syJIhTaT'S TIPOCMa 'pHBa8'1'C H B TOW l HCJIS H nOJlODTeJIhH brl t H'l'OI' B BeHS orOBopeHHOCT TPY OCTHt KOTOpHe YH Taw C03 HaM HeKO OpHe HO 3TH p orOBOpeHHOC'l'H a806xo HJoW pa ItH pa 3opyxeHHH B EBpone J hi saHH'l'epeCOBaH B pa3BWl'HPI COB 3KoHoWNeClta '3 C'I'pyxTyp8 tieXOC OBa ltHH ee peKoHCTp M pa3BHTHe nOMepataHHe YHpoBoro '1'e eCltOro ypoBHH Bamea npolllS1t4HH - npez n e Bcero ·qepes COB a S'rH BOnpOCl i wOry'1' pemaThCJJ r u e BwrO O H B03MOmiO - H 'tlepes omo meHM C RaIIHTa JIMC'I'H'tIeCEHW C l'paHaMH Hyxea lIB MH BOBOO DO mcO u B O'l'HOmeHHJiX tiCCP C pa 3BKBaXlIIIiUIHCJi l'paHa JIH60 OIta3HBa Jm H 6e3BosJre3 ItHy1 nOJ lOmb JIH60 npe OCTaBJISJIH Kpe n M'l'bl XOTOpbre Ball He B03BpamaJIHCb HJIK OIIJIa Cb CO 3Ha 'tlH 'l'eJIhHmm On03 rtaHHJiYH tIeXOCJIOBaKH H ce c B 'l'pyP HON qmm aCOBOY II nOJIO eHID1 H rrpl'i STOM Il OJII' HaM COCTaBJIReT 60JIee 29 MJIp Il KpOH MEt HatIaJrn npo n aBB Tb 3TH Sa D OJD eHHOCTI1 n eJIaR STO B TOM 'tlliCJIe tIepe3 Kope npa a rrp O Cg n o 20 rrpOn eHTOB EO MKpHTbCR CO 3Ha TeJIbHO STO BEJI'O II Hee tIeM He nO nytn'rTb H ero B n eJIOM CyMMHpOBaJI M flRem B CTpBHe HanHQO Bce KpH3Hca rx o n CTPO KY MhI TaK KaK Ha HHHemHeM ee STane nORa Be HeyxOCHHTeJIbHO H rrOCJIe n OBaTeJIbHO HO 11 cnemR ee egcTByeT OCTOPO O Mti HH CTapoe HaMeperm 6es HeHYMHo BHDO RTb A H flKOBJIeB pacCKaSaYl pa60Te qepT 06 ero BH IJ 1M B TOM trr06hI yCKOpHTb 3KOHOMlltIeCKYD nepe ROBoe llporpBMMa rrpeo6pa30B8 RID1 Ha MR 38 HBJIeHa H11 CKH n KO mee 0 xo n e nepecTPOnKH B COBeTcKoM CO 3e 0 no OC eCTBJIemm HatIaThIX npeo6p8 30B8HHH Cet qac OTMe THJI OH COBeTCKHM KOMMYHHCTBM rrpe n CToHT CJIO nepHO Il 3To rrpoQecc ¢aKT ecKoB Depe BnaCTH COBeTaM KOTOP YM€ HatIanCE H B KOTO pOM MHOI'O HOBoro HenpHBgqROrO TaKOrO I' n e OTBeTH Mo eT rro n CKasaTb TOlIbRO rrpaKTl1Ka 11 3T0 BHpa60TKa npOBe n eHHe B lm3Hb HOBOn KO '1qen UHM CJIeAYD ero BbTB8JIaCb 6H Ha DRTKJIeTHerO nnaHa KOTOpaH e B nOnHO Mepe OCHO IJ eJIEX pememurx nprwpwre' 'B X nepeCTpOnKH COBpeMeH HoB co anbHOn nO HKH Knee H T e no o6HO oxapaKTepy 30 OCHOB e HarrpaBJIeHHR Me2QIYHapO Il Horo KYPca mICC no epKHY'I'0 TBep n oe CTpeMJIeHHe lmCC K pasBHTKD Bcex PM cOTp eCTBa c 6paTCKHMH napTHRMM H YTBep eHH HOBoro nOJrnTHtieCKOrO MHIIIJ'IeHM HOBClX no n xO D OB B IIpaK TMKe Me1n'Ocy n apCTBeHHIDC O'I'HOmeH x COCTOF JIl1Cb Tage 6ece n EiI UK cTPaHaMH x C ffilq B BH HKOM H H mOaTHKOM MRpoBoA nOJmTHKe x tUIeHaMH npesH D JiyMa ceKpe'f'apmm 12 B BMJI HR HatIaJI 6ece n y C 3aBepeHHfl 't1TO l J q -qeXOC nOBaIJ KHe Tpy ecfl nOnHOCTb nO ep3MBaDT Knce nO HTHKY CTpOMKY ROTOpYID OnHQeTBOpHeT M C rop6a eB fi nOJIe3Ha He TOJIbRO C TO speHHfl CCCP HO CTPaH Bcero MHPoBoro TIOJIO eHBe B JIHHHID Ha nepe 3Ta nOXHTHKa rrpaSHJIbHa fi COqHaJIHCTHtIeCKHX RO CTKqeCKOrO BHMeHHfl H B cTPaHe B eJIOM OR OneHH n KaK xopomee ABTopHTeT PYROBO CTBa napTRM BO rJIase C M HKemeM BospaCTaeT MeBee GeM 3a ro n y n anOCb oc eCTBMTb marki KOTopHe no CBoeMY xap8 K Tepy MO O cpaBHHBaTb C pemeBHHMH coe3 a Z36paH HO reHceK UK B lfl rrpo n OJIEHTeJIbHOCTb rrpe6 BaHHfl Ha napTMnHHX nocTax OppaHHtIeHe CpOKaMH - 10 eT B cmeM smenOHe 7-8 EeT E 06 acTHoM H pa OHHOM SBeHe Ha TIJIeHYMe UK lffit HaMeqeHHOM Ha 15-16 D eKa6prr 6y n eT rIpHHHTO peIDeHHe 0 D OCpOtIHOM Maa 1990 r C03HBe XYm C bes n a napTHZ Ha CDeSAe npe n cToHT npHHRTb llporpaMMy napTHH BHeCTZ H3MeHeHHfi B YCTaB 06C b rrpoeKT HOBO KOHCTHT HM CCP TaKHM 06pasOM B o6 eCTBeEHO 3HH CCP rrpOHCXO c eCTBe e rrepeMeHe qexOCJIO K e TOB8 PH 3aHB1IHJIH tITO B npa KTH'q'ecKo KQq HcnO b3YDTCfi OnHT COBeTCKOa nepecTpo KH napTmrno eH XIX pa60Te BcecoD3Ho KoH l eperm rm O n HaKO CBOD JIHHHl napTHR BblC'rpaHBae'1' C Y'ieToM H OH8JIbHOa cne HtP mrn tTnoCKOJIbKY D aJIeKO He Bce trro eJIaeTCfl B COBeTCKOM CODse Heo6xo l HMo OC eCTBN Tb KaCaeTC H B 'tiaCTHOCTH CTeneHH pemeHHOCTM B 'GCCP Oro npO OBOJIbCTBeHHO JIeMEl paSBHTplJf KoonepaTHBHoro Il Bms eHHJi BOnpoca rrpo6 D eMOKpaTH3 l1H 3an8 W'1M nponar H306p8JKaeT eXOCJIOB8 KHI KaK CTp8 HY OT CTaBIIIYiJ C nepecTpO O YTBep aeT 6YlJ TO HRHemHee PYKO O n CTBO He cnoco6HO oc eCTBMTh rEY60KHe npeo6pasoBaHHH nOCKOJIbKY Y py HaxO TCg Il orMaTHKE e HOEHX CpaBHHTe bHO MOJIO eH 13 Hs6paHHHX He aBHO B COCTaB PYKOBO CTBa 3anaA 06DRBnRBT KOHCep BaT OpaMH • Hac ynpeKaIlT B He J ocTaTO'tffiO n eMOKpaTIDI OTMetraJI B EHJrnK Ho B e cTBRTe hHocTH QCcp YHac e OBana OT 6 asHO peCny6 HKH ReMano n eMoKpaTH1leCKHX TPa rr t ro rq Bcerp a D e CTBOB8JIa JIerarrb HO BXop WIa B nap n B MeHT H IIpHIIIJIa K TaTe CBo6oAHRX BH60pOB MOKRO cTPaHe nrrvparrHsMa eCJIH JIH BJIacTH B 1946 ro n y peSYJIb rOBopHTh 06 OTCYTCTBKH E B He eCTh qeT HeKOMMYHHCT eCKHe naPTHH KOTopHe HMeDT CBOKX n enyTaToB BO Bcex opraqax snacTH B npe n cTaBHT bHHX CRaDT WHorOT C 1 TKp aMH CEOR raseTH BMeCTe c p pyrm m 06 eCTBeHHID4H Opr8 HH3 BXO IVfT E H oHaJIb q pOHT C06eceWiHKH pa3BHBSJIH Ma B qCcp He 6Hn NHC h 6e30mH6o 0 TOY trI'O XOTE IIYTb CO R3 TeM He MeHee HeT OCHOBaHHH E KaKOrO-TO rrepeCMOTpa HCTOpHH KrN llepKO lJ 50-x ro n OB u OC'l'aTOtlBO OCBe eH rOTBanh J HaxO Cn y anaCTH no c eCTBY cero 7 eT n03TOMY BOnpOC 0 KaxO O KYlIhTe JIHtlHOCTH 6ecnpe eTeH OH D ony CTHlI OmH6KK penpecmrn ReceT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTh sa cuepTb reHe parrhHoro ceKpeTapE nK KQq P CnaHCKOrO HO Bee 3'1'0 BnOCJIe u CTBHH nOJIyqK2Io naPTHfffiyD oqe my Hac Be noRMyT THCStm KOMM yHHCTOB eCJ H MbI BROBh CTaHeM BOpOmHTh IIpOIIUIoe 38 ffBHlI B•Bwunt• TeM C OJIee tlTO 3TO cnoco6CTBOBano 6 aKTHBH3aqHH onnosHqHO 3 eMeHTOB KOTOpHe nap8 3HTHpYIlT Ha nepeCTpo e B OCROBaOY 3'1'0 Te KTO B r968 rollY BeJI eJIO K KOHTppeBOJmqRH a cero IJ 06HBa eTCs pea6HJIHT H CBOHX HAe H nepeOQeHKH C06HTHa Toro BpeMeHH tITo6 bl npHBJIetlli K ce6e EHID4aIDIe 3Ta aeMHOrOtlKCJIeHHaa rpynna JID n el1 mI IJ 8JJI B H ce6H sa nOJIHTHtieCKYD onnosHI KD IIIiTaeTC H OpraHH SO BaTb npOEOKaqHO aK Bpo e He n aBHea n eMOHCTpaQRH Ha aBCRoj IIJ10 WIH Me t IIYHapo oro ceWKHapa t1exOCJIOBaKIDi-88 • 14 f' yiCOBO n CTBO rmq pacno rraraeT rrn p0pM eM 0 TOM 'ITO epH XapTHC TOB e eMeC ff'IHO nO rryqaJ JT TIpZJlliLIHhIe CYMMbI B TBep n O Ba JTIOTe KOTO pRe OHM eCTeCTBeHHO O oTpa6aTHBaTb Bce 3TO - nOTIHTKM nOMe PHTbCH Cll lIaMM HCITHTaTb peaKUKD B lIaCTeH Ho ME YCTYTIaTb He HaMe peHR no epKHy rr B Bv JIm Co6ece KH rra T e lIeKmHH rdBopH 0 TOM TO B 1968-1969 r r KpH3HC B pe3Y lIbTaTe KOToporo He 6Y b CCP nepexH HHTepHaqRO Ha JIbROH nOMO EBpona Morna CTaTb ro llHan OQeHKa C06HTHH Be eT K ecTa6H lIM3 l ITq Ha nepecTJ'otn- y B n OKYMeHTe YpOKH KpI13HCHOro Pa 3BHTllii r n e o eHHBaeTCH STOT nepHO IJ B BH lIRK H eccp eeCE TO-TO nOHB lIEIDTCE ny6 lIHK nO BHTb C TOqxH 3peHHE IJ e rrOM OH coxpaIDIeT CBOJO aKTyaJIbHOCTb H OHTHK BHpa3HXM H 06ecnOKoeHHOCTb TeM TO celiqcc EHCKa 3HBaHHR HaMeK e Ha 6 lIH3E H3MeHeHHe COBeTCKOH n03HqHH B OTHOmeHHH C06RTHH Ji eXOC lIOBaQKoro B IIJ He B MO O O aKO B yr ny6 neHl1H aHa Jlli3a B 06CTaHOBKH CTaBHT no yrp03Y HHHemHHH KYPC 3aK1IJ eHI1e eecp 06 eCTBa 1968 ro a 3TO MOEeT CTaTb KaTacTpo B BH 1I fiK npmm CKa 3aJI MhI nOHHMaeM npOHCXO IVI npo eccH HO npoCRM nOIDiTb H Harny CHTYa IJ IDJ Bece IJ E J 3a rrnCa Jlli H KoCOJIarIOB B CBeTJIOB A BosHIJK 35 3K3
OCR of the Document
View the Document >>