M C rOPBA BY YBa 8 MKXa H Cepre8BHq 3TO n C MO - nHO Myq T8nbHWX pa3 q au O T C06HT rrOCH8AHHX rrpe06pa30BaTeHb B H X neT HHqHOCTHHe o eH MHPOB033peHq8CKHe y6e eHMR HpaBCTBeHHHe ilP HqHITH KOTop e nR M8HR He3N6HeMH aneKO He rrOCHeAHID POHb MrpaeT B 3THX pa3MHlliHeH RX Harna C A06pHe H - rrpOTHBOpe AOBep TeHbHHe B8q8CKO HpaBCTBeHHOM BaMH eCHH He rrepByD COBMeCTHaR pa60Ta OTHomemfR ROTopHe AHR MeHR OCTa TCR qeHO q8HHOCTb TOHbKO qTO CKa3aHHOe - He MRrRaR rrOAYillRa Ha KOTOpOM n 6yAY Aanbill8 CTPO Tb cna KaR CBO paccy eHMR a rrpaBAa BHCTpaAaHHaR ropbKO HO rrpaBAa ilOBTOpHID MHCHH oqeHK BHBO H H3Ho eH e HM - He pe 3ynbTaT xaRorO-TO rrpeXO Rmero 3MoqMoHaHbHoro COCTORHHR ITHmy R 3TO ITMCbMO He B pa3 a RKWb rrp8ABapHTeHbHO H MHorOKpaTHO crrpo CHB ce6R He06xo MO HH aHa 6y eT H aT Hero rrpOR He rrp HeceT HH OHO HeHapOKOM BpeAa 60Abille qeM nOAb3 YnOMHHa 060 BceM STOM MCX qHTeAbHO pa H Taro qT06 C ca Mara HaqaAa OTBeCT OT6poC Tb B03MO HHe COMHeHHR H YTem8HHR B C80 aAPec Ha TO qTO T eCRaTb pear pyernb l epeCqyp 3MO OHaHbHO TaKO pea H He 3aCHY BaeT TOpOrrHillbCR C H OCTpO 3aK qeHH H HeT HeT eme pa3 HeT H ITO rrp po e CBoe He HHKep Hao 60pOT CRAOBeH K HA 3HflM AyMaD qTO xoporno ITOHHMa HorHKY H rrOHHT qeCKO 60Pb6 H Taro BO TO OH CHHillROM qaCTO TpaH OPMH pyeTCR BepHO qTO rropo pear PYD Ha Te HRH HHHe C06HTHH OCTpO H 3MO OHaAbHO HO HMeHHo rroToMy qTO C TaD TaKyD pea He TOHbRO 2 orrpaB aHHO HO H a6CO THO Heo6xo oA TonbKO He Toporr Cb C 3aK qeHHHKH - He HO 60 Cb qTO orr03 an 3TO TaK CKaSaTb BCTynneHHe rrepBoe Heo6xo M OH Bcero ganbHe ero H3no eHHR BCTynneHHe BTopoe Herrocpe CTBeHHO no CyTH C Ta qTO 06 HOBJIe eCIme rrpe06pa30BaHHfl a C H'AMM H BCR cTPaHa cY b6 eCRT KOB MHnJIHOHOB qenOBeK OKa3anHCb Ha MMHHOM none rrepeCTpO Ka HaTaJIKHBaeTCH Ha Bce 60nee opraHH30BaHHoe H ene yCTpeMneHHoe CorrpOTHBJIeHHe Bcero By mero KOp cTHoro pea oHHoro neHHBoro KOTopoe BceMH CHnaMH KH He XOq8T rrOCTYITHTbCfl oporWM HX ep TcH cep 3n06cT 3a rrpOIDJIHe nOPHA Hacne HeM Y KB B T8 1 1 eHHe HeKOToporo BpeM8HH Ha rrepecTpotlliy 3apaHee B03 flara T OTBeTCTB8HHOCTb 3a rOJIO KOTOpHM rOTOBHT Ha O TI J1H K O HOMY rroBTop518TCH cHTyaqHH HaqaJI3 30-x 1992 ro rO OB Kor a crrpo BOqHp08aHHW rono 6Hn Hcnonb30BaH KaK 06ocHoBaHHe Heo6xo I1MOCTH KOnneKTH'BYI3alJ HH Ha 3TOT pa3 ero Hcnonb3ymT KaK f1 oKa3aTeJIbCTBo Heo6xo ocTYI COxpaHHTb ocTH eHHR KOJIJIeKTHBH3a H H a HHcTpa THBHo-KoMaH Ho CHCTe lli YnbTpaRoHcepsaTM3My Y 8 JIOCb HaBfl3aTb nepecTpo Ke f16o C TeHblO It H306pa3HB pa IT HKaJIOB RaK HCTOqHHK rnaBHO JUI 06HOBJIeHHfl onaCHOCTH x cTapaHH51MH YTBep nocb H ny Ile nOHHMaHHe onn03H H KaK TonbKO OT MelKperHOHaJIOB TaK Ha3blBaeMIDC eMoKpaToB H T ll - KaX eCJIH 6H caMH HeOCTaJIHHHCTH - He onrr03HlJ HR rrepeCTpOMKe HO onopa e KOHeQHO 6e30TBeTCTBeHHOCTH Ha eMOKpaTaqeCKOM naHre XBaTa eT O HaKO ero nORHTYIqeCROe caMOYTBep eHYIe cepbe3Hym onaCHOCTb nR - o6HoBneHHR He 6y eT rrpeo6pa30BaHH He 6y eT H caMHX eMOKpaTOB aTO OHH TO rrOHHMaIOT He 6y eT eMoKpaToB cBo6o oA H'HH HaTH Hapo a - 06HOBJIeHHR HeJIb3R ITpHHHMaTb 3a He 6y eT H CaMoro 3 BaH C T8HbiO - cTpaTerW'l IeCI H l 1po rpbllll He TOJIbKO rrOToMY 'lITO HarrpaOHO TpaTHTCfl CWJIH BpeMfi KPe T o6meCTBeHHoro AOBep fl 6011 3 'rOT W AOJIrOTeprreHHfl Ho W rrOToMY 'lITO 06b€KTWBHO crroc06cTByeT HapaCTah rrOJIHpH3a WH B 06 CTEe - rrOJIHpH3a H B TH W3 KOTOpOH MO 'KeT OKa3a Tb Cfl B03MOlKHblM TOJIb KO CWJIOBhlM rryTeM aWBHO C WTaTb 'l ITO rrOflHTH'l I8CKaH n06eAa peaKqHH eCJIH aHa rrpOH30 eT rrpWBe eT nMillb K TopMOlKeHWID rryCTb AalKe rroBopoTy Ha3a YeepeH rrOCJIe CTBWfl 6YAYT XY ropa3AO XYlKS BCJIe 3a rropa eHWeM pe¢opM 50-x - OKa3aJIOCb B03MOlKBb M HeBpl1py mero 3a aBHTb nepBO rrOJIOBHHH 60-x rOAOB HX AYXOBHWe rrOCJIeACTBWR COqeTaHHeM KTaTa C lKeCTKOH eH3ypOM 6IDpOKpaTH'l IeCKHM rrpec CHHrOM no BceM HarrpaBJIeHHffi1 60pb60M rrpOTHB WHaKOMHCJIHfl nO KyrroM cpe HHX 3ille OHOB B aCTH HOMeHKJIaTypHOM Hrpo B03MOlKHOCTb KOp pyrrwm no rrpWt IWHaM MBe HHqHO rrpe CTaBJIRID MCfl 3 3THX cpe CTB Ot IeBW HWMH HH O HO B 6JIH eM 6YAYmeM He 6y eT OCTaTO'l IHO 3 eKTHB HblM Ec llli pea R B03bMeT Bepx TO 06b8RTl1BHO Yi cy6oeKTHBHO OKa eTCfl rr pe He06xoAHMOCTbID HCrrOJIb30BaHHfl caMHX CTHHX Mep llona raiO QTO rpa aHcao eHHHX CWJI BO HH He 6y eT Yi60 HeT rrpOT BOCTOR X BOOpy ITpflMHe perrpeCCl1W cerO HB To e 3aTpY HHTeJIbHH HO B03 MOlKHbl BOJIee BepOflT npe CTaBJIHeTCR HapaCTaHHe Me ecny6JIWKaHCRWX if MeiKHaW10HaJIbHbIX KOHqJnMKTOB B COt IeTaHHW C YKperIJleHHeM B a IJ Ml1ID1CT paTl1BHHX e WHH ax pe AYXOBHOH H rrOnMTl1'l IeCRO WHKB113 11 HCTO pl1t Iecxwe rrpeqe eHTH eCTb l1MeHHO TaR KOHTpOJIHpOBaJI P CKl1M rrpecTOJI SBporry HeCKOJIbKO CTOJIeTW BITJIOTb O rrOflBJIeHWR rrpOTeCTaHC AX BH K8IDfj • 4 Ce ac rrOJIMTHRa npe06p3 30BaHH 1 OKa3aJIaCb Ha p3 CayTb8 H rro TOMy ITpH XYAllieM 060pOTe C06HTH MHJIJlY OHU eH rrOBepHBlliHX B rre peCTpO KY H eJIOM rrOAAep BlliHX ee MoryT OKa3aTbCa OT aHHHMM Ha paCTep3aHHe CHJIaM HpaBCTBeH 06JIHK KOTOpHX OTJIH HO H3BeCTeH ITO rrpOIlIJIOMy BOT 3TO MeHH TpeBo T 60JIbme Bcero TaKoH 3Hr3ar cY b6 03 HatIaJI 6w HOB e OrpOMHHe epTBH Ha eCHTHJIeTHH JID6He rrOITHTKH H rrepCrreKTHBW pe¢OpMaTOpCTBa Brrepe nO 3aJI 6 H 03Ha aJI 6 oa eHH8 BC8rO 06a eCTBa xo eT aHa Taro HJIY HeT B rJIy60tIaihrtylo rrporraCTb 6e3HpaBCTBeHHOCTH H QaHa 3Ma Ha Y eOJIOrHtIeCKOH H Ha OHaJIHCTHtIe Cr O rrO Be 1l0ToMy H ruy H60 He Mary 6WTb HeHCKpeHHHM XOTH 60JIbme Bce ro xo y OillM6HTbGH B CBOHX rrpe rrOJIO HHflX 1 XTaK HatIHy C KTa KOTOP tIeTKO a e C 06Ha eHHOH rpy6o CTS Y 60JITJIY BOCTbD eMoHcTpY pyeT B m»ecH speMH rrOCJIe Hee B KypHaJIe rrOJIHTHtIeCKH8 Te eHqHH OPMHPY UK KIT BeJIOpyCCHY ' llOJIY TH CIeC1 H 1 c06eCe Il IDIK fJ I 3a 1991 ro Il - rrOHBYlJIaCb CTaTbH KOITH KOTOpOH ITpHJIaraD 3TO - Bcero JIYlillb ITOCJIe HHH KaITJIH rreperrOJIH BmaH tIamy B ep KY ' ABTOp - rrp ec cop C m aHoB - MHe JIHtIHO HeH3BeCTeH a Y He B HeM cyTb A CYTb 3 TOM tITO opraH IJY1O rrOJIHT eCIme Tor a nH He UK BeJIOpyccHH nOMe eT CTaTb rrpRMO rro ep Ba rrpo eCCH KOHIJ a 3D-x rO 09 flBHHa OCYlK IJ eHHWC B 3WBaeT y aBTopa HH TeRM COMH8HHH TaKOBa TaK CKa3aTb rrpaBOBaH 6a3a CTaTbH 03arnaBJIeHHO Tax 6wJI mrn He 6blJI COCTaB rrpeCTYITJleHHH no aBTopy 6 JI H OCTa eTCH rro rropy 5 4TO H3 sToro B TeKaeT ITPOqHTHPYID G BO H ogeHKH caMoro aBTopa Tax 61 JJI HJIH He 6 JI COCTaB rrpecTyIIJIeHHR HeyreJIH BeCb rrpoQecc 1938 ro a - 3TO rpaH Ho3HaR MMCTH¢HKa R He 3Ha maR rrpe q8 8HTa 3Ta BepCHR rrpe CTaBJIReTCR MaJIOBepOflTHo Ec e yqecTr rropa3HTeJIbHOe CXO CTBO co6 THA nOJIYBeKoBo aBHOCTH H Tex KOTOP MbI C8W J aC HBJIH8MCR CBYf IJ 8TeJIHMH TO BepCHR 0 MHCTHepmmQl1H Il OJIllma 61lTb penlHTeJIb HO oT6porneHa Bne iaTJIeIDIe TaKoe 6Y IJ TO tlJIeHbl rrpaBO TPOQIrnCTCROro 6JIQrm B IJ eACTBHTeJIbHOCTTA He 6wrn paCCTpeJIRHhl 11 He rrOMaBaRCb BJIHRIDOO BpeMeHH TIOillJIH no BTOpOMY Kpyry COKpymaTb COI- H aJIH3M H peCTaBpHpOBaTb KaITHTaJIH3M •• CymecTBeHHO paCillHpeH apC8HaJI rOCY IJ apCTBeHHUX eHCTBHH Bcex rrpeCTYTIJIeHH YB8JIatleHbl MaCillTa6 rrpOTHBorrpaBHHX OTtlero H pe3YJIbTaTHBHOCTb illTypMa C0Ql1aJIM3Ma CC H rocy apcTBeHHb CTpyKTyp B03pOCJIa O HeBH aHHHX pa3MepOB 0 KOTOphIX repori rrpoQecca 1938 ro IJ 9 He Mor rn H MetITaTb ••• BOT BaM M KpHT9I'Ka TeopHH Cm mma 06 060cTpeHHH KJIaCCOBot 60Pb6 no Mepe cTpOHTeJIbCTBa C0Ql1aJIH3Ma BHXo T iTO CTaJIHH 6 JI rrpaB IJ aJIee He RBAAeTCR JIH pea6HJIHTaqH JrnQ 06BHHeHHhDC no Yro JIOBHOMY KO Il excy PC CP B Tex e rocY Il apCTBeHHHX rrpecTyilJIeHHRX co QMJIbHHM 3aRa30M aHTHCOBeTCKHX CYfJI H HX JI066H cTpeMR xcR YCTpa HHTb 3TO rrpeITRTCTBMe Ha rryTH nepeCTpOHI H CO aJlli3Ma B KaIDiT9 JIH3M JIee CTPO Irn H eT CR BoT YlKe mecToA I'O II B Hame cTPaH8 no Il nrnpMO nepe WHpoKoe nJIaHOMepHoe pa3pyrneHHe cOQHaJrn3Ma H rOTOBHT nOtlBa Il JIR pecTaBp H KaI1HT 3Ma ••• ITOtleMY Bce 3TO rrpOHCXO Il MT ITOTOMy tlTO pea6HJIHTHpOBaHbl rocY II apcTBeHH e TaKHM 06pa30M CTaJIH 6e3HaKa3aH rrpecTynJIeHHR KOTopHe B cTpaHe B BepxHHe e eJIOHbl BJIaCTH nO II HRJIaCb napTHHHO-COBSTCKaR neHa KOTOpaR Il JIHT8JIbHOe 6 MaCKHpOBa a BpeMH CBO HaMepeHHH CO HaKHC A eCKO ¢pa3eoAorH8H ••• Tan KTO Tor a PYKOBO T Hawe CTpaHOa H napT 8A1 KRaH yroAoB HblX npecTyrrH KoB B K0HI 8 CTa Tb aBTOp rrp B Op T CA8 IIyKl trn-Ia CIDiCOK npeCTYI1JIeHtia 3T X npeCTYIlIDfKOB - 'TpaC5HT8AbCxa H KoorrepaIJ ii B KOTOpOtl HaM8xaeT aBTOp JMtr HO 3a HTepeCOBaH CaM rrp83 p eHT - Pa3pyrneHHe MOHOrrOJIH BHewHet1 TOprOBJIH BHe effii8 B COB8T CKyo 3KOHOM R y rrapa3HT PY101UerO HOCTpaHHoro KaIDiTaJIa rrpop a m pyCCKOtl 3eMIDi - Hau r1oHaAb HaH BpaiK IJ a 3a HHmHKa Ml1 KOTOpd tj C K n aHoB CtrrfTa eT CViOHHCTOB - XVIMJ11 reCKaR BOI1Ha rrponfB coC5CTaeHHoro Hapop a rIO cpep CTBOM aJ1 orOAii OIDiTb i e rrpH rrorrycT 'lTeAbCTBe ilpe3H IJ eHT3 - OrureBElBaffife Bcero CBRToro II AH COBeTCKoro eAOBeI a 't YIMe lOTCH B B ny KIIeC C0ql1aJIH3M HMH JIeHliHa OKTH6pbCKRR peBOJOOIJ HR apMHH KrB MB KnaCCH pyCCKOtl nHTepaTypH Bce OCTanbHoe - Pa3pyrneffife Hametl 060pOHHOtl rrpOMI lIIIlIeHHOCTH -rro II BH IJ OM KOH aepCHH • Ho ocoC5eHHO rrpaMe aTen8H KOHeq CTaTbH 'TpH eT BpeMH H HapO IJ rroTpe6yeT CaMHM pelllHTenb HbIM 0C5pa30M y CBOHX HOCT nbillMBHX rrOBO Il Hpe BOCCTaHOBneffifR pea6H Ta H CTHHHoro COIJ HaJrnCTH eCKO 3aKOH CMHcna rnaCHOCTH KOr II a BparOB Hapo a Ha3rlBalOT BparaMH Hapo n a a He pa n HRaJIaMH H n eMOKpaTaMH BOT TaR BeillO 6rl rron6e ecJrn 6rl CTaTbH OKa3anaCb ep HHH aKTOM O IJ HaKO OHa HBHO OTpa i aeT rrpORBHBlliYlOCH B rrocnep Hee BpeMR TeH eHIJ HID Ha OpMHpOBaHHe HeOCTaJIHHM3Ma CTaTbH B nonHT 8CKOM C06SCS n HVlRS H n ST B pyCJIS MH01KSCTBa JJ pyrHx no n 06ffi lX rry6JIYlK t psrymrpHO rrOHBJlffiOrJUiXCH Ha cTpa ax COBSTCROtl POCCrHr JlHTspa TypHOtl Poccvm BOSHHO-HCTOpatieCKOrO lKypHa na atypHaJIOB MoJIo n aH rBap n HH Ham COBpSMSHHHR H 1pyrHx SOJIse MSJIKHX H3 l1 aHH t psaKl oHHoro TOJIKa Hso60JIbillSBVlCTCKHe TeH n SHqHH 06HapY BaDTCH H B pH n e H3 HHij JISBopa JJ HKaAbHOrO TOJIKa 06BHHSHHH B a n psc rrpS06pa30BaHMH Ha Y IJ HBJISHHS nepSKJIMKaDTCR C B cTyrrJISHHRMH pyKOBo n CTBa KG PC CP H BCSX nOmlTHqSCKH VI H JJ SOJIO rHqSCKH THrOTSD X R HSMy CHJI H IJ SHTeJIeM He 6y n y HTHpoBaTb JIH n spa POCCHHCKOH KOMTIapTHH OC06SHHO nOCJIs n HHH ero n OKJIa n XOqy JIKillb rro n qSpRHyTb qTO TaM CSHqaC CJIO JIOCb nO IJ JIHHHOS S n HHCTBO no nyxy H O JJ HOBpSMSHHO H3BeCTHoe pa3 n SJISHMS Tpy n a MS1K n y CaMVlM JIVI n e pOM ero ROJIJISraMVI rro pyKOBO n CTBy To eCTb BCS qTO HMH B CKa3blBa eTCH - HS MHSHHH OT IJ SJIbHHX JIH H IJ a s HS cYMMa TaKHX MHSHHH HO ailOJIHS omOpMHBillaHCH H rrpoAOJI maH pa3BHBaTbCH Oc06aH JIHHHH KaR ylK8 CTaJIO rrpaBHJIOM a BHcTynJISHHHX H ny6JIHKaqvrRX crrpaaa B nOCJIs n HHS nHTb JIST CTaTbH B HaJIS UK BSJIOPYCCHVI HS 06XO l1 HT BHHMa HHSM MSHH JIH11HO MHS npHillfCblBaSTCH JISraJrn3aqHH CHOHo--¢allIH3Ma B Ha lliSH a HTH$lIllliCTCKoa CTpaHS 1' yTBSplK lJ aeTCfl 6Y l1 TO Ha XXYII1 C083 n e MHe 6bIJIO SbIpaiKSHO nOJIHTYf1 ISCKOS HS n OBspHe TSM He MSHse H 6blJI rrpl-fr pST 8 ITpe3H n SHTCKOM COBSTS ••• B caMOM l1 SJIS KaK S 6S3 A H rtKOB JISBa nspecTpaMBaTb c0qI1aJIH3M B KaIDiTa Jlli3M SJIO HS BO MBS H HS B MOHX nspe aaHHHx B KOHqe KOHqOB 3Ha Ha qTO mSJI TSM dOJISS 3HaJI RaKOBH HpaBM onpS n SJISHHOH qaCTH Harnsro o6mscTBa napTHH H ss arrrrapaTa Ho y KOJIb CROpO C MOS nspCOHO cnpaBs n flHBO HJIH HST - Cl-fJIH pSaKqHH CBH3 BaroT MHoros B nepSCTpOHKS nOrHqHO AYMaTb qTO Ka H y n ap no MHS KMSST a n pecaTOM nspeCTpO KY es CTOpOHHHKOB H JIH n SpOB rrps s Bcsre USJIHKOM VI rrOJIHOCTb y6s eH B TOM qTO npOTl-fB MSHH BS n 9TCH qSJISHarrpaBJISHHaH TIRBJIH ITpl-fTOM HS CTHXVl HaR a opraHH3YSMaH H CKO Op Il HIDfpOBaHHaq TpaBJIH S Ta CJIYm iT caos ro po n a ruIa'I'fJOpMOtl AM 8 IT Bce STO Ha6ED aeMOe Ha npOT eHHH HeManOrO e BpeMeHH n03BOJIReT MHe np tlTH K EClBO ny ce ac KIT PC I CP a POpMHJIaCb opra HH3a HOHHO H TeOpeTaqeCK Ha ypOBHe CBoero PYKOBO CTEa a RpOMe Hero HHKaRO peanbHO napTHH B nOJIHotl C CJIe SToro CJIOEa He c ecTByeT KaK rJIaBHaR CHJIa npOTHB nepecTpotlRH npe06pa30BaHH rrpO o eHHe CHOCKH KOHCOJI aqHH Bcex HaH60JIee peaKqHOH npaBOSRCTpeMHCTCKKX CH B CTpaHe ORa MeT Ha Bcex ypOBHffiC B CBoe BpeMR aHa HaqaJIaCb B rro eT nHcbMax H JIHCTOBKax HH O Horo aBTopa H pacnpOCTpaHH TeJI R KOTOp cx KCTaTH HMTH TaK H He CMOrJIH 3aTeM JIHTepaTypHotl npecce Ke lHTepaTypHotl POCCHH r'MOJIO otl rEap IDi B KeJrTO ''HameM COBpeMeHHYi ''MOCKOBCKOM JIl-iTepaTOpe Ky6aH Tor a R MOJIqaJI He lKaJIOBaJIC R PYKOBO CTBY R Cb CTapblM np HQHnOM C rpR3bD CB embCR CaM 06M embCR Ce ac nOHHMaD QTO 6 JI npaB JIKmb HarrOJIOBHHy xo emb KHTb B qHCTOM OMe - 3aHH MattCR era y60pKO He Tor a Kor a MYcopa CKOnHJIOCb e no rrOTOJIOK a e eAHeBHO MOlltHO 6bl II cemac OTMaxHyTbCR Ho n eJIO B TOM TO rpR3HaR KaMllaHHR B JIHTepaTypHblX H3AaHKffX HKTyeMa R nOTepeH qacTII rOHopa POB KOTo e Bblille lJ AH SToro rrpHH HnOB nepeKHHyJIOCb Ha llJIeHYMbl a ce6e B npoBoK HH Ha UK po a KpHTHKOB meJIbMOBaHHe KITCC npom JIeTOM Bce 3TO 3aHBHJIO XXYlli coe3 e - TOlKe HaATH HHKoro H3 OpraHH 3aTopoB H HCnOJIHHTeJIeA He CYMeJIH a OHH He oco60 H CKP BaJIHCb TIap8JIJIeJIbHO a HaJIOratffiM K8 MI1aHH R pa3BOpa HBaJIaCb B PMe rrpOBHH Ha JIb 06KOYOBCKHX H BoeH H3 aHHA Xopomo II aBHO 3HaD H3 ocToBep H YB eHH R HCTO HHKOB KpeTHblMH CViJIaMH II QTO H Tor a 3ac HBa HX OBepH R 3Ta KaMITaHH R ynpaBJIRJI8Cb KOH JI aMH KOHcepBaTHB rpyrrrraM y aJIOCb OTTeCHHTb MeHR aT aKTHBHO rrOJIHT eCKoA e R TeJIbHOCTH Ho nOITblTKH HCKpe n HTa HH rrOHCKa TeMHIiX CIIJI BparOB H 3Aoro eMOHa - - B KOHTeKCTe npop OJIlltaJOTC R eJIeHanpaBJIeHHO yqacTByeT B STOM COBeTCKaJI POCCH R paTHBillaJIC R B nOCJIe KA ro - 6e30THOCHTeJIbHO KO MHe - npeB B 6e30TBeT CTBeHHoe H3 lJ aHHe ce ee Pa3 OP H B3aHMHYD HeHaBHCTb IToHomeHHR Q TOT e A Y1JIbI1H CtHfTaeT TaK IJ I1Tl1Pyn KOHQO BKy CTaTbH Y '6oe CTaHOBI1TCH OqeB qTO KOHQerr I1H pepOP rrOJIHTa4eCKOA CHCTe MH 3a KOTOpyn rrporOJIOCOBaJIa XIX peill JIa rrOCTaBJIeHHyD s aqy - qTO Bce e a B CTpaHe pemaJIHCb HapOAOM Hero rrOJIHOMOqHHMH BceCOV3HaH rrapTKoH¢epeHQHH He rrpe CTaBI1TeJIRMH rrOJI H Ae cTBe KOHTpOJIeM Y6e eH HaxoAHJIl1Cb rroA ero qTO HOCH STY KOH errQl1D Ha 06C eHl1e AeJIeraTOB 6es COBeTa C nDAbMl1 Kl1 l1X O TOM 6 Bmee napTH HO-rrOJIl1T eCKOe 6es rrpoBep PYROBO CTBO CTP cOBepmHJIO cepbesHyD OillH6KY npOAo eHHe CHOCKI1 nOCTORHHO sByqaT Ha SaCe aHHRX BepXOBHoro COBeTa CCCP I1SBeCTHO qTO TIeTpyrneHKo BWcTyrraeT He CaM a TOJIbKO no yxaSaHl1HM Ha TI e HYMax UK KrICC 11 UK KIT FCi tCP B SHaeTe qTO rOJIOCOBaJIaCb 8Jte peSOJIIOqI1H no MHe H8 SaCe 8 HHI1 IJ KR BOT cawtl KpaTKI1 tt nepeqeHb rpeXOB CYM no nepel ll1cJIeHHI D4 I1CTOtffi i KaM - Pa3BaAH CODS KnCC COQHanl1CTaqeCKOe COAP eCTBO llpl1 6aJITI1KY eOJIor fqecKYD pa6oTy BHeillHDD rrOJIHT i KJ B CaMoe nOCJIe Hee speMH Ao68Bl1JIOCb e e l1 06Bl1HeHHe B pa3BaJIe rrpaBOOXpaHHTeJIb HhlX Opr8 HOB - rronYTHO rrpO IJ aJICH HMIlepl1aJI i sMY 3arra n y K11 n o-MacOHaM Ha CaiKAaD B CTp8 He Cl10HHSM H Cl10H amHSM rrporrOBe pYCo¢06CTBO HOCHT nJIaK8 qTO SaKyTIJIeH Ha KOpHD UPY - OTKpOBeHHO npHqeM He B nop Ke nOJIl1THqeCKotl I1JIH TeOpeTl1 qecKoA n HCKYCCHH a B TOHaJIbHOCTH rrpOKYPopcKoro 06BHHeHHH l1 OXO TH H8 Be IJ bM OTBepraeTCR KaK SJIOHaMepeHHOe Bce CKa3aHHOe MHOD 3a 3TH ro no TeopeTwqeCKHM BOnpOCaM - BY VI' KOHeqHO MOR OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb sa OqepHl1TeJIbCTBO HC TOpHH 3a rJIaCHOCTb sa rrOTaKaHHe TaR H8 3 BaeMblM n eMOKpaTaY - MHoro 6 JIO JIl1TO rpRsH H B CBHSH C TeMoA HeHsOeXHocTH nepexo n a K plHKJ rro T8JIKl1BaHIDII1 nepexoA8 OT cOQHanHsM8 K KaTI i TaJI i sMY OKa3aTeJIbCTBaMH pasYMeeTcH HHKTO ce6R He YTP aeT 10 nBywI I1 HJlMH nosnce 23 MaPTa B ToR ate eOBeTCKO POCCHH Oqepe HOe K HKyilleCTBO yroro eo ora GeTKO HCaHHHMH aHTHnepeCTpoe H KIT pc p D Be oBa C TeSHCaMH npO o eHHe CHOCKH He CKpOD - STOT rrepeqeHb MHe 6 e bCTH nOCKO b HH- Kor a He rro ospeBan sa C060H rro o6Horo BceMorymecTBa Ec H 6 He TOT R MeHR HeCOMHeHHH waKT qTO STHM rrepeqHeM rrpe B ReT CR CqeT rrepeCTpO Ke B Qe OM ITo BceM BOrrpOCaM ee TeopHH H npaK THKH IToKa3aTenbHa QHT8Ta H3 OKn a HeKoero SKOHOMHCTa A EpKaeBa rrpOHSHeceHHoro Ha rraPTHRHoM co6paHHH B Ky6aHcKoM KOJIXOSe e HHHCKH nyTb raseTa COBeTCKM POCCHR 21 WeBpanR 1991 I' OxapaKTepHsoBaB nepecTpoHKY KaK 60pb6y sa peCTaBp8 QHlO KarrHTa HSMa B Hamea CTpaHe aBTOp 5MB ReT ••• SToro He npOHSO O 6 eC H 6 B COCTaBe UK H nO HT6DPO He eHCTBOB H rrpOBO HHKH oco60ro Kypca rrepecTpo KH TaKHe KaK A H HKoB eB eC H 6 He npORB R aCb e HM Bce HOCTb rrpH a60TKe HOBoro MHmneHHR B peSY bTaTe PYKOBO CTBO rrapTHH H CTpaHH HaKaHyHe XXYlli coes a KnCe oKasanoch S O HKOM nO HTH qeCKHX rrpOTHBHHKOB napTHH 6es 60R mar sa marOM c aB O nOSHQHH CO HanHSMa H HHTepHaqHoHanHSMa TIpHBe T e B CKaS BaHHe HS CT8TbH q eHa nO HT6DPO BTOpO ro ceKpeTapR UK KIT pc p A H H hHHa B COBeTCKoA POCCHH 21 MapTB fOBOpR 06 yqeHNX RK06 nOA HBa HX Macna B orOHb H c6HBa HX DAea C TO KY OH ITHmeT TaK no MHeHHD aK eMHKa A H HKoB eBa AeMoKpaTHR B HAe e - STO e KHCTBO cooTBeTCTB HM 06pasOM rrocTpoe cBo6oA H rrO HTHQeCKHX HHCTHTYTOB STO rrpKMaT HqHOCTH H8A rocy apcTBoM HHoe 0AHOSHaqRO Be eT K aBTopHTapHsMY STO paSBHTaH CHCTeMa rrpa BH rrO bSOBaHHR eMoKpaTHe rrpHHH o6 ecTBoM SaKOHOB HOPM o6 aeB MopanH H qTO CaMoe r aBHoe - RDAH R KOTO AeMOK paTHR CT a BHYTpeHHeR nOTpe6HocTbD rrpH KO OHM YMeDT XOTRT Ii MoryT IKWrb B YC OBKRX AeMOKpaTHH He HHaqe XOTh CToA XOTb rr 8A H HaKOHeQ II anpeKR 1991 rOA8 B ToR e COBeTCKoA POCCHH ony6 HKOBaHa CTaTbR E HraqeB8 nOAHaR He o6poCOBeCT nepeAePME Ii QeneHanpaB e 06BHHeHHA AOHOCHTeRbCKaR rro cBoeR CYTH II Y HKX HeT n03HTHBHO npOrpaMMH OHH nOHHMaR Cna60CTb CBOHX n03KqH B 06 eCTBe H e Cpe H P O qneHOB KITCC rOTO TH Ha nO HTKqeCKHe COD3 C KeM yrO HO H aKTHqeCKH HaxO HT ce6e rro ep KY onopy H CO YBCTBHe cpe H C MPaq CHn 06 eCTBa Ha 3TOM 3Tane OCHOBHO cBoA orOHb OHM Be no Mono oA eme He OKperrmeH H HeOITHTHO Q8CTO omH6aDmeAcH rrO CTaBR eAcH rrorra e BrrpocaK eMOKpaTHH Ho HBHO HaMepe Ha 3TOM He OCTaHaB BaTbCH H ecnH eMOKpaTHD y acTbCH y6HTb B 3apo me CMar nO TH o eHb H o eHb aneKO YiKe cero Bcex KTO C Hlt f He cor aceH OH H IDleHym c6po OM rrepeBe aMH HeroAHHMH 8MH HH illaTanKHa C06Q8Ka ITonoBa n rnyTcH C Mano 6YK qeM oCKop6nHDTCH MH HO H36Hpa Te e OT aBmKX ro oca 3a 3THX nD eA III ITo Henpe o HoMy 38KOHY nO HTaqeCKOA 60pb6H B 06cTaHoBKe KO POHT8QHH KMeHHO 3KCTpeMH3M OKa3HBaeTCH HaH60nee KHaMHQHOA HacTynaTenbHo cBo6o HOA OT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTH cH oA cnoc06HoA nepexBaTHTb HHHQHaTHBY y ywepeHH X qeHTpHcTCKHX CHn YcnexH HeOCT KHHCTCKoro KpYRa Ha cero HHillHHA eHb TpanH30BaB naCCHBHYD qaCTb MeHKnaT napTH HHX 38XBaTHna KOHTpORb H I HeA MacC peaKQHoHHaH qaCTb HO KpyrrHeAmeA - poccHAcKOA - op r8HH38 QHeA KI1CC 2 MHOrHe K3 H efit H n03yHroB 3Toro KpblRa nepe KOqeBMH B OCHOBHbIe oKyMeH'm KIICC B Qe OM 3 B KIICC C opd o B8JIaCb aHTHnepecTpOetffiM KOaJIHQHH B KOTOpoA o6'be IJ HHHJIHCb 3J1e MeHTH napT- H roc6DpoKpaTHH BoeHHoR 3JIH'm BepXymKH BoeHHo-rrpo eHHoro KOMTIneKC8 B KffHHe 4 3TOA KO HqHH Y aJIOCb OKa38Tb CHJlbHOe Ha OPMHpOBaHHe H nonHTHKY COD3HOrO PYKOBo cTBa Bnep e C HaqaJIa nepecTpofitKH H30nKpoBaB ero B 3HaQHTeJlbHofit uepe OT KMbHo- eMOKpaTKqeCKOrO JlarepH p 12 060pOTHaH CTOPOHS 3THX ycneXOB I pe3Koe o6ocTpeHHe nonH THtreCKof t CHTY HH B CTpaHe yI' ny6JIeHHe KOHPJIHRTa Me t IJy qeHTpoM 2 H pecrry6JIHKaMH rr eHHe B HRHHH rrpe3 eHTa KaR BHyTpH CTP TaR H B Me apO IJ HHX neJIax 3 rro n'bell H8cTpoeHHj J npOTHB KITCC Bce 60JIbme BocnpHHMMaeMo HSpO nOM KaK nSpTHH rOTOBoA YH TOMHTb eMOKpaTHD P H cnaceHHH BJI8CTH HOMeHK aT pa3BHBaBmerocH SToro HOpYaHbHO rrpoqecca o 4 6JIOKHpOBaHHe CTaHO eHKH neMOKpa THQeCKHX HHCTHTYTOB Ii HOpY rrJIa OPMa peBaHillHCTCRoro 6JIOK8 HaxO HTCH B rrpoqecce CTaHOB JIeHHH O HaRO p KJIDqe TeSHCOB e OPMHJICH BKpsTqe HX MO KHO CYMMHpOBaTb CJIe HM o6pasoM I COBeTCKOMY 3KOHOM eCKO Ii nHTaJIHCTaqecKyD CO 3Y yrpo aeT KanHTanHsaqRff nepepo eHHe nOJIHTJiqeCKOa CHCTeMH H3 coqHanHcTwqecKo B Ka ITPH 3TOM coqHanH3M aKT eCKH OTO eCTBJIHeTCH C HHcTpaTHBHo-KOM O cHcTeMoA a KaTIHTaJIH3M - C OqHOa 3KOHOMHKO RaK TaKOBOA Yxy eHHe rrOJIO eHHH Tpy n KXCH B rrOCJIe n HHe ro Pa3B C O HBmHXCH SKOHOWaqeCKHX cBH3eA pOCT nOJIHTH eCKO HeCTa6HJIbHOCTH - Bce 3TO CJIe CTBHH Toro qTO CCCP nOHaTHJI CR H8 3 a rr K KaTIHT 8JIHSyY• 2 B CTpaHe 060cTpHeTcR acCOBaH 6opb6a we CTOpOHHHKaMM pecTaBpaqHH HallHTanH3Ma Ii 3 HTHHKaMH CO HaJIHSNa H rrep OTHO CRTCR npaKTKqeCKH Bce CH KOTop6e npHHHTo qeCKHMH KO BTopnf - s nopowe CHJni B Ha3 BaTb eMOKpaTH KIlCC apYHH lITB Ii WYrHX rocy napcTBe CTPYRTypax Hapo n oIDH6aeTcH H nOTOMY CKJIOHeH no n e HBaTb eMoKpaToB HO eCJIH eMY pacKpuTb rJIa3a Ha npOHCXO nKmee TO OH noA eT 3a HCTHH H HOMYYHHCTaMH 3 M C rop6aQeB H yrHe JBi lJ ePH napTHH H rocy nspcTBS HecyT OTBeTCTBeHHOCTb 3a CnOJI38HHe CCCP K RaTIRTaJIHSMY B OTHomeHHH K 3 rrpe3 eHTY npa e CTapaDTCfi pemHTb Cpa3Y Be B3a OHCKnnqa He 3 a H H HTb nOnHT eCKHa KaTIHTan Ha HapO HOM He OBOnbCTBe rrOnHTHKoft UeHTpa fi qerO Heo6xo HMO KpHTHKOBaTb rrpe3 eHTa 3aO HO C eMOKpaTaMH KaR OTBeTCTBe 3a KpH3HC H 2 nOHyQHTb rro e Ky rrpe3 eHTa B gpOCTHHX aTaxax Ha eMOKpaTHqeC onno 3KqHD YTBe aeTcfi qTO B CBoe BpeMH M C rop6aQeB rrporn e yrp03Y KanHTMH3a HH HO C oceHH 990 r H8qaJI HCrrpaBJUlTbCH H 3 a a Tenepb COCTOHT B TOM QTo6H rrOMOqb eMy rrORHOCTbD O HC THTbCg OT npeMHHX rpexoB 4 rrpOHCXO HT rno6anbHoe oTcTYITneHHe accp Ha Bcex KOHTH HeHTax a M Ha TeppHTopHH CaMoro COD3a e30pHeHT OBaHHOe TaR Ha3HBaeMHM HO eHHeM PYKOBO CTBO CTpaHH OTKa3aHOCb OT rrpOTHBo6opcTBa C KMTIepHMH3MOM CTaJIO HCKaTb rro ep KH y rrpa B l1X KpyrOB 3arr a p onycTHJIO cepbe3Hoe OCna61IeHHe 060pOHHOj l MO H CTpaHH rr03BonHno cenapaTHCTaM pacKOJIOTb CODS B03HHKna yrpo3a He TonbKO KanHTanH3 HH CCCP HO H nopa60meHHH ero Ha PO OB awnepHBnH3MOM 5 eHTenbHOCTb npoKarrHTanHcT ecKKX 31IeMeHTOB B CCCP BCH eCKH noo fieTcH H HanpaBnReTCH H3-3a py6e a B TOM Hcne H no piBHI lMH qeHTpaMH 8 KTHlJeCKH mmepH8 JIH3M npO OJDltaeT xono lUiyD BO Hyn yrHMH cpep CTBaMH BeCOMO BnHHR Ha rocy apcTBeHHYD nonH THKY CCCP a oco6eHHO - pecny6nHK pacCTaHOBKy nonHT eCRHX CHn 06 eCTBeHHOe MHeHHe rr03TOMY eMOKpaTOB MO HO CQHT8Tb nfiTO KO nOHHO KMTIepH8 JIH3Ma nOMor e Bpary yHwqTO HTb BenHKyD ePMaBY 6 neMoKpaTHH B TOM BJome K8 K OHa CyRl8CTByeT ce Qac B CCCP eCTb caYoe eKTHBHoe cpe cTBO pS3pYmeHHH rocy apcTBa 3KOHo MHKH MOpaJIH CTap8Ji CHCTeMa 06eCnetlHBaJIa nopMOK H CHOCHbl ypO BeHb H3HH eMOKpaTHH e rrpHHecna JIHIDb xaoc pacn HHmeT 14 yrp03y rK6e H rocy apcTBa nORa He rr03nHO rocy apcTBO H rr8pTKR O BOCCTaHOBHTb pa3BanHB R CHCTeyY B acTK 7 RTICC n OJIatHa 6IXTh OtHfiIleHa OT CTOpOHHKKOB 6yp Ky8 3HblX Te qeHH - M6epanoB cOQHan- eMoKp8TOB cO Kan-pepopMHCTOB OHK eII e 6o ee orraCfil le BparH qeu oTKplTble aHTHKoMMYHKcm rroTouy qTO TaDTCR OpraHH30B8Tb CBOD paKQHD B rr8pTHK rrOMemaTh 06De HHeHHD KnCC He TI a oPMe KCTHHHoro MapKCH3M8- eHHHHSMa CeKTaHTCKH t H8CKBOSh HBIX t OTOPB OT peanhHOCTK H HBoro TeqeHKR 06meCTBeHHO HSHH xapBKTep 3TO nRa WoPM¥ OqeBH AeH a npa e K8K BK 1J HO K He TemaT ce6R HR D3HHYM H8CQeT cBoe crroco6HoCTH 60pOTbCR 3a MaCCH OHM npHBUKRH ynpaBRRTh 06 eCTBOM OTIHPMCb Ha CWIy H KOHTpOJIh H WC m tJ1 IIOSTOMy' 11M B 60pb6e sa BRacTh rOpa3 1J O BaKHee 3apyqHTbcR rro e KOH apUHH H rrpaBOOXpaHH TeRh OpraHOB a TaK e 3 HTh CBo60AY rreq8TH TeMH HJIH HHMMH crroco6a MH Ha cero 1J HRIDHHA n eHb ynhTpa H36panH TaKTHKy nOHCRa BSaHMO 1J eaCTBHH C IIpesH lJ eHToM Ho nOAAepiKHB8 H HhlHemHH Kypc M C fop6a qeBa OHM CTpeMnTCR c e aTh IIpesaAeHTa H n eUOKpaTOB HenpKMHpH MblMH BparaMH PacqeT COC'l'OHT B TOM t1T06li BH8QMe nO TORKHyTh ilpes eHTa K CK OBO pacnpaBe C eMOKpaT8MH 8 saTew BocrrORbSO BaThCR Hapo B03MYme eM eHCTBHHMH rrpes eHTa qTO CaMHM saxBaTHTh crnyn anaCTb B rocy apcTBe 0mH6KH SKCTpeMH3M R e rrORHTaqeCKHe aM6H HH cpe n H n eMO KpaTOB o6JIerQam HacTyrr eHHe peaKQHH RaK H rrp e KoH¢RHKT Me 8Y ilpeSg8eHTOM H 8eMOKpaTHQeCKKMH CHJIaMH OCT8eTCH POKO M I Cy n b6bl nepeCTpO KH CYJIh6bl CTp8Hh1 15 lY rrepe BCeMH eCTHHMH KOMMYHHCTaMH aD HMH TORmHMH a He Bonpoc TOMY OXOTHOp eCKHMH naTpHOTaMH BCTaeT nD bMH HaC o eHb cepbe3HW Kyp a ilKe Mhl Ha CaMOM neJIe ceettlac ryJ eM BcTaeT 1-iMeHHO rro TO HapacT aR BOJIHa peaKqHH a He rrpOCTO KOHCepBaTH3Ua He BCTpe aeT He TOJIbKO rrpOTHBo e CTBHfi HO e TaKHX e CTBHA KOTo e n03BOJIRJlH 6 rrpe onaraTb H o aTb TaKoe npOTHBo eHCTBHe r e-TO B 6n a mee BpeMH KTO-TO p aeT 3TOT Bonpoc TaKT HO RTO-TO H3JIHmHe 3K3anbTHpOBaHHO H He Bcer a y a o KTO-TO aMe B OPMax nH Bac oCKop6HTeJIb x Ho Bonpoc 06oeKTHBHO cymecTBY eT H Ha Hero TaK HJIH HHa e HeH36e eH OTBeT BCTaeT 3TOT BOrrpOC H rrepe o MHO 3HaJ QTO z H8Mepe npOBO HTb H 3HaD BamH B CKa3 BaHHR Kypc Ha rrpeo6pa30BaHHH H n a nbme HOt CYJ1 R no BCeMY 3TO nH60 HeH3BeCTHO pyKOBO n CTBy KIT FCOCP KI1 BenopyccIDi H npyrHM JIH60 OHH He C HTa DT HYiKHbIlI CtlHTaThCH He TOJIbKO C BamHMH CJIOBaMH HO H C pemeHHHMH napTHH npHHR H B TOM HCJIe Sa n OJII O O nepeCTpO KH Hanp ep no npeO OJIeHHD no CJIe CTB KyJIbTa JIKqHOCTH C Heo6xOAHMOCThD XOTR 6 MHHHMaJIhHO nHC HnJI aKTKQeCKH B p ax 11 B CTpyKType KnCC C03 aJIaCb CTa JIHHHCTCKO-TPO KHCTCKaH paKqHR OTR TO H OTKpOBeHHO Be 8R 60pb6y npOTHB rrOJIHTHKH Ha npeo6paSOBaHHe napTHH H 06meCTBa llpOHBJIReTCH rrOpa3HTeJIbH8R cnoco6HOCTh HaxO nHTb 06 H R3HK C C pasHHMM CHJIaMH npomnoro npH nonHOM OTBepMeHHH CHJI e MOKpaTl-fqeCKHX CBo6o Il Ho MblCJIRIItIDC HeTepnHMOCTb rraTOJIOr eCKaJI 60Bb K R KaM rrp03B aM HeMeJIaHHe HJIH Hecrroco6HOCTb B eTb MKp H co6CTBeHHyD CTPaHY B pa3BHTHH npHqeM oco6eHHO Kor a 3TO pasBHTHe K rrytrnIeMY AneJI Hfi KO BceMY' CaMOMY rrpIDdHTHBHOMY npH 3eMJIeHHOMY npHmH6JIeHHOMY B eJIOBeKe H 06meCTBe I6 ITo CYTH CBOe arpeCCHBHOa OrpaHwqeHHOCTbD H CXO aCTaqHOCTbD OHH rrpe n8 X T COUHaJIHCTH1leCKYJ IYte Ho eno He TonbKO B KOHKpeT X nl Y HHHeillHero 06 HRa KIT pc p HeT HKqerO 06oeKTHBHO crroc06Horo rrpHaneqq K He MaCCH CaMOCTOflTe b X rrpe e 3 aBOMHC HX KOMMyHHCTOB H H36HpaTene ReT Bcero KOHCTPYKTHBHO C03HAaTenbHo rrporp Y6e eH ee H He Mo eT Tb rro Hee HeT HH e HH pa60Tocrroc06 KOHqe H ECTb nHIDb arpeCCHBHaH HOCTanhr eCKH-OXp8HHTe bHaR Te eHQHfi crrOC06HaR HrpHBaTb TonhKO Ha O HOM yxy meHHH rro o eHHfi B CTpaHe H rrpOAO eHHH KOM crroc060B o a H3 STO cnHpanH To eCTb Ha norry H3Me CaMoro onaCHoro nnaHa ITon03KoBmHHa rrpO 3BOAHa OT RBneHH B 06mecTBe H napTHH 3a HeH e cTBHTenhHo CTOHT MHoroe Ho GTO MHoroe - Bce TO qTO TRHeT Hac B npomnoe npHTOM B xy mHe ero BapHaHTH X e Bcero TO tlTO mleHHO OpraHH3yDIItaJICfi aKTHBHO n eticTByDI B H arpeCCHBHO H8iKHMHM TaKTHKa C03 n aeT ce ac B 06lI eCTBe 06pa3 KOMMyHHcTa Aero STOT 06pa3 e e 60nee oKapHKaTypHBaDT MHOPHe APyrHe CH B TOM tlHCne H Te KOTo e BOBee He 06fi3aTeBbHO n o 6HBH crronsaTb Ha KpaAHe 8HTHCOqHanHCT eCKHe rrosKQHH TIOBHTHK8 PYKOBO CTBa KIT pc p nOBRpH3yeT 06meCTBO rrOTOwy QTO cymecTBoBaTb 6e3 Bpara OHa OpraHKqeCKH Hecnoc06Ha a B ycnoBHflX n eMORpaTHH H rrpaBOBoro rocy apcTBa HMeDT rrpa BO Ha cymecTBOBaHHe CaMO eHHe eCBH OHH He HapymaDT 3aKOHa H n 8lKe Ha rrpIDCO n K B acTH I06bIe CHJIbI B TOM qHc ne H pea WI Ho y Hac nORa HeT HH Pa3BHTOH B HamHX eMOKpaTHH HH rrpaBOBoro rocy n apCTBa COBpeMeHHHX ycnoBHRX eC H He aBaTb peaK HOH CHBaw TeOpeTKqeCKHe H J2a3HOPO J2o na rrO HT eCKHe o eHKH HtlHO R B rroc e nCTBHfi 17 B napT H ee S n paBOMblCJIroItee HPaBCTBeHHO nOPM0tffiOe peSJIHC T eCKOe AeMOKpaTwqeCKOe O npe6 BaeT HHHe B pacTepffHHOCTH OHO He C peaKQMe 3TO HCHO ORo H He C JIeBaqRHM pe6flqeCTBOM OHO KaK 6 HlofKOMY He IJYIKHO IIpaBble rp03RT 3aliHCJIMTb 3TO SAopOBoe RAPO BO BparH IIapTarmapaT ero C50HTCR H liM MaHHrryJIlofPyeT aKT iqeCKH H ce ac B napTHH Ba K JIa KOHCepBaTHBHO-CTaJIH- HHCTCKoe H coqHaJI- eMOKpaTHtieCKoe Ho HHKTO He IIhITaeTCH opraHH30 BaTb OC5HOBJIefNeCKHe CHJlhI l1MeHHO Ha 3 aBbIX HaliaJIax B HTore ec JIH napTHR Pa3B TCR - a 3TO peaJIbHaR nepcneKTHBa Ha npe JIarae MOM npa H nJIa oPMe - 3TO npHBe eT K nOJIHTHtieCKOMY xaocy HC50 e e He C OPMHpOBaJIaCb CMJIa cnOC06HaR rrpoTHBoCTOHTb napTHH peBaH rna Ho xy maH C5e a ecJIH napTHR nepepo HTcR Ha CTaJIHHHCTCKO OC HOBe 8TO cTorrpO eHTHaR rapaHTHH KaTacTp B c ryqae eCJIH rrpoqecc TaKoro llepepo eHHR rro eT HHTeHCHB- HO H aneKo JIwqHO H B gBa HaH60JIee BepOHT cueHapHH pasBHTy nepBbl - rrO TKa HeOCTaJIHHHCTCKO pecTaBpagHH liepes KoMHTe T Ha HOHaJIbHOrO crraceHHR HJIH He TO rrOA06Hoe HecoMHeHHO 3TO TOT BapHaHT KOToporo 60JIee Bcero xo eT YJIbTpanpaBaoe KpHJIO Ho BOT rrpHMeT JIH ero 06 eCTBO Oc eCTBHTb 3TOT BapHaHT MO HO TOJIb KO crrpOBOQHpOBaB rrpe BapHTeJIbHO eme 60JIee rJIy60Koe norp eHHe CTpaHU B 3KOHOM eCKHM M Me HaqHOHaJIb KpM3HC 3TO pOJIH napTYJBTpa rO TCR H 3AeCb HX MHorHe rrp no e aT H HCrrOJIb 3yIOT Ho J yMaIO rrOTOM Bbl6poCHT B aCTHOCTH H rroToMy liTO K TO My MOMeHTy OK YTCH eCKHe QeHHOCTM rrOJIHOCTbIO A CJIOBO HCKpe HTHpOB H Bce ryMaHMCTH KOMMYHHCT CTaHeT pyraTeJIb M BTopoM B03MOlKHhlM cueHapH rrpH TaKOM xo n e C06nrTH - nOIThlTKa AHKTaT 6e3 KOMMYHHCTOB C npMRo HJIH KOCBeHHO orropo Ha BoeH HhIt annapaT Ha 6ase TepnliMOro a JIR P8 HKO HJUf HeTepIlHMOrO a JIR rHTJIep OTHomeHHH K KOMMYHHCTaM Ha C5ase HaUHOHaJI-naTpHOTKqe CKoro KOMnJIeKCa H n e B03MO HO TaKoe npaBHTeJIbCTBO Be n eT Hac 18 B TOre K pHHKy SKOHOM eCKOMY COV3Y pecny6nHR Ha eCTecTBeHHoA OCHOBe O T yrKX CTpaH n03BO ReT no Kp He Mepe CqHTaTb TaKoA Bap aHT peanHCTKq Ho - KaKoA eHO a KTO Mo eT rapaHTHpO BaTb qTO nO 06HaR HKTaTypa nOBepHeT K HKY H TeM C B RO HeqHOM CqeTe - K eMORpaTHH a He B rrpOTHBonono HyD CTOpOHy XOTen 6 oc060 nO qepKHyTb qTO H B TOM H B yrOM c ae Knee nepeCTaHeT c eCTBOBaTb KaK napTHR nOKa eme y e B aH B CBoeM COCTaBe H C03 aTenb e CHR B nepBOM BapHaHTe rrpO 30a eT ee r 60q mee e He06paTKMOe BHYTpeHHee nepepo eH e H KaR c e CTBMe SToro B KOHeqHOM CqeTe 06 eCTBa Bo BTOpOM BapHaHTe H OTTo eHHe 3 OPOBoA KnCC qaCTbD Mo eT 3wqeCKH He OC- TaTbCH MeCT8 B 06CTaHOBKe Kor a OMMYH CT eCKaR peaKQHH HacTynaeT epaKTm reCK He BCTpeqaR nOKa HHKaKoro OTTIopa-JQ6rqecTBq If_ § qT_W 06'b BHO_ 9 rrO 3aDT _K T9MY _COCTPRH I 1-_ hl6 e- J l 0_ 6 TonbKO Me Ba QH8 H'tOM IIOJIo3KoBa _ _ B 3-J 8 HTOM A-lI CHHca H Bhl6z paTb jyllST n pyrHe JyMalJ ecnM C06blTHH 6yllYT p83BHBaTb TaR R8R OHH pa3B BanHCb C Bec rrpomJIoro rO 8 TOqKa B03Bp8Ta OKaMeTCa H nepeCTpO KH rrpoA eHHoA r e-TO B H8qaJIe JIeTa a Bbl60p Me BYMH Ha3BaHHHMH B8pHaHTaMH BCTaHeT B npaKTHqeCKOA nJIOCKOCTH C oceHM HeIDHero ro a ITpaBoMepeH Bonpoc QTO e g rrpenJIBraD I 06HOBJIeH e noA eT Brrepen AeMoKp8T eCKHY conp e He C qpe3MepHMMH 3Aep KaMH nyTeM TO bKO ec 6y eT on paTbCR Ha Bce pa3yMHoe nop OqHoe Tpy ee qTO eCTb B 06meCTBe H o ero OpraIDf30BhlB8Tb TIOMep HBaTb H8 Hero on aTbCR BpeMR TyT K8T8 CTp eCK ynymeHo H8q HaTb STO H O 6hlJIO eme B 1987 rony eC H He paHbme Ce ac MoryT H He rrOBepHTb Bce e nyqme n03AHO qeM HHKor n a HY KeH rp8AAaHCKHA f POHT 06HOBJIeHHR POHT He HOM Hanb HH He eKopaT B A a AeAcTB HA Bo3Mo eH BapHaHT H HOBO napTHH 19 2 Heo6xoAHMO pa3Me BaHHe C peaKq e B KnCC BilnOTb o op raH saq oHHoro llaPTHfl Hy aeTcfl B Bac 60 bme qeM B B He H Ha o He CTeCHHTbCfl aTb 3TO rrOHRTb A nORa Bac maHTa PYDT ITo MHMO rrpoqero BH e aeTe CeMqaC CaMYID HerrpHflTHYID He rOBOpRD y orracHym qaCTb pa6oTH H B KMeeTe Mopa bHoe rrpaBO rrpe ORBHTb BCTpeq B COKMH CqeT rrO THqeCKH 3TO - rrpOCTO HMnepaTHB B rrapTHH HeT ceKqac BHyTpeHHero nH epCTBa eCTb nHillb CTaR rrpeTeH eH TOB crrpaBa Ha O HOCTb Bce 3TO 06oeKTHBHO 6beT no BaM aqHO a SHaqHT H no rrepeCTpOMKe CKOBHBaeT B03MO HOCTH rrpe06pa30BaHHH 3 HY Ha opraHH3aqHfl cogHa bHo 6a3H 06HoB eHHfl QTqacTH 3TO rrepeK KaeTcfl C rryHKToM I HO TyT - lli pe 06beKT BHo TaKafl 6asa B 06mecTBe eCTb Ho ee H KTO Bcepbe3 He opra 30BHBaeT H rrOnHTHqeCR HH Ha KOHKpeTHHe e a HY Ha rrpflMafl H OTKpOBeHHafl rry6nMqHafl nOAAep Ka ee 6e3 BCflRoro CTeCHeHHfl HY Ha nOAAep Ka H BHAB eHMe HOBUX nID e - aeHHOM OKpy eHHH cerO HR HX onacHO HeT B BameM Herrocpe CT HMeD B B He ce6fl - crreqHa bHo orOBapHB Cb Ha 3TOT CqeT - HO nID e TIepeCTpOHKO B BHHYTHX H nO HflT eD Tex KTO O HoBpeMeHHo H CHMBOnH3HpoBa 6H C060H nepecTpo Ky BH eHHe Ha ycnex H eMcTB Te bHo ee 6Hn 6H o KOHqa npe aH en rrpo BHran ee Brrepe B cBoeM c epe eflTe bHOCTH H B enOM TIoxa e TaKHe H nocne OBaTe bHO oTTopra Tcfl YCTOflBlliHMHCfl CTpyKTypaMH H no 3TO rrpH He To e oCTavrcR BO MHorOM xono K rrpe06pa30Ba HHflM 4 B enOM rrone3HO 6Hno 6H flnbHOCTH K CTapHM cTpyxTypaM H oCB060 TbCfl nIDAflM OT HeorrpaB aHHo rrO qepKHB nOM - MeHHO H60n paB aHHoM 3TO He rrpH3HB TIOBepHyTbCfl K HHM CnHHOH Ho rrpornno y e OCTaTOqHO BpeMeHM QT06H MO HO 6H 0 nOCTaBHTb BOrrpOC H OTBeTHTb 20 Ha Hero KTO TO eMCTB TenbHO c enan H enaeT nR nepecTpo HH He Ha cnOBax a no pe3ynbTaTaM OTBeT Ha rrocn8 HMA BOrrpOC rrOnHT eCKoe 3Ha eH e A C rrpaKTHqeCKOH TO K 3pe R cTaBKy Ha o enaTb Ha Tex KTO peanbHo B eT Brrepe 06HoBneHHe Ho - He Brra aR en 6 rraparrJIenbHO B OCTpaKH3M rro OTHomeHmO K CTaBRy n pyrYfM eCJlli K TOMy He BHHy aIDT 06cToRTenbcTBa 5 OcymecTB B Bce rrepeQHCJIeHHOe BHille Ha o OTKa3aTbCR OT rro cTa reHCeKa He06xo o e eonor 3 oBaTb rocy apcTBeHHYID BAB CTb 8TO aCT KPa He He06xo CTeneHb He3aBHCMMOCT pHqar nR e cTBHA CaMOCTOffTenbHHX 6 IToBepHyTb cpegcTBa MaCCOBOH MHwopMagH Ha nOAAep KY nepe CTpOMKM HO He rrpMB HHMM a HMCTpaTHBHHMM KTO rrpe naraeT A Herrocpe CTBeHHHM MepaMM KaK GTO Koe 06meHHeM pa60TO C ypHa CTaMH oc06eHHO HOBHM MOPaJIbHO nOJlliT eCKOM rrpaKT ecKo no ep Ko Tex HOBHX - a cTapHX To e - HaJIHCTOB H 3 aHM KO Top e Ha ene OKa3HBaIDT CBoe cTpeMJIeHHe 6 Tb 06D8KTMBHHMH rrpo eccHOHanbHHMH KOMneTeHTHHMH HO H HacTpoeHHHX aCTO KpHTwqecKH no OTHOmeHMID K oHKpeT MepaM rrpaBHTenbcTBa llepecTpoMKa ceHqac COBeprneHHO He pa60TaeT H opraHH3aq eR CBoeH rro ep KH B T8X cpe CTBax MaCCOBoA HH OPMaqHH TO HaH60nee qWTaeMH - a He Tonb KO B HaHoonee npHB HHX a HMCTpaT BHO 3aBHCHMHX opraHax 7 Oc03HaTb·ToT rPaKT 'tITO 06DeKTHBHo rrepecTpo Ka Ha HHaeTCR 3aHOBO aHa BnnOTH TIO OlliJIa K caMNM KJIID eBHM BOrrpOCaM c06CTBeHHO CTH GKOHOMHKH caMoopraHH3 H 06meCTBeHHOM KH3HH Bce rrpeAllieCT BYIOmee 6h1JIO mIDIb TIO cTyrroM BBe eH eM TIO rOTOBKOH nnal I J apMOB nR GTOrO - OCHOBHoro IiI rnaBHoro Hy HOBbIe TIJIaH CTpaTerHR CTIiInb opMagHoH 06nHK TIepeCTpO KH B eM-TO rrpeeMCTBeHH@e ITO OTHO rueH K eKM opMaM 1985-1990 rO OB Ho BO MHorOM H en e 21 Brrepe n mar B rtpaRTMKe TeopIoUf n a OlIWfe HOEOMy aKT BHoe rrOCTORHHoe n n PYIDme8 pelllal MY sTarry nepecTpotilm Haqano Y rt HaKOHe ilocneAHee CaMoe TR Roe nR M8HR ro a 7 HOR6pff rrpornnoro nnoma n MaHe HO 3e aEbHo eMoHcTpaqHH B qHCEe npOtUfX HeCJIH JI03yHr qTO JIH sToro ro n a B Ha Ha eHb llJIOma n H COBeTCKOM APMHH Ha 6 JI R - areHT Ha WY otPH aJIbHOM KpacHo 23 tfJeBpa e MHT Hre TIJIaKaT CHHMOK KOToporo 060rneJI MHorHe ra H H3 n aHMR y Hac M B M pe MOH nopTpeT B qeHTpe MHrneHH KaR ObI qepe3 rrpm J eJI H CJIOBa I1poMaxa He 6y n eT He rOBoPfo YlKe 06 yrp03ax no TeEecPoHy H He rrporny OxpaHbI BbIlKHBY f n ati 601' 3J l 0POBbR TeM Roro OXpaHHroT ff sePIo TeM KTO Bce 3TO opraHH30BbIBaeT a HM waHC npoMaxa n eMCTBHTeJIbHO He 6y n eT OHH GTO Heo n HOKpaTHO OKa3HBaJIH KOHeqHO R He XOTeJI 6H n aEaTb amHCTaM BTOPO maHC nepe n o MHO MH rHe BOrrpOC nO ftTHKaHOB Ra y saHOBO H He Xoqy 6MTb E rrapTHH M BepxoBHoM CoaeTe B rrpOillJIOM MSTO rrernKO CTaBHT B Hrpe CCCP OTKpoaeHHO IJ O CKK nop TOJIbKO o6mee BeJIMKOe n eJIO Hoe IJ OBepHe M JIOffJIbHOCTb K BaM RH 3CRaJIaqHff YHH eHMR y n ep EaJIH MeHff Ha rr03HqHHX BH n ep CHHMaeT C MeHR MOpaJIbHO-3THQeCKHe 06RSaTeJIb CTBa - HeT He rrepen BaMM a rrepe n T8MH KTO OKpy eT Bac 3Ta 3CRaJIaqMR 6beT no JIHqHOMY IJ OCTOMHCTSy qTO IJ nR MeHR HenepeHOCaMO H J l OJI eH AOJI eH CaMKM c06o ' 6HTb QeCTeH nepe IJ BOT nOqeMY H po a O CR mH3MOM rrpe06pa30BaHMR Hamero BpeMeHH CTpaHO rrepe n Hapo n OM nepe n R 6y CKaTb n oCTo HHe H napTpeaKqHe 06 cTBa Y MeHR cPOPMH 60pb6H C 60pb6M 3a n eMoxpaTHqeCKHe OCTaJIOCb He TaR y MHoro 22 rt He Mory OCTaTbCH paBHO K BOrrpOCY 0 TOM Ky a MN H eM Cy6oeKTHBHO - omyma rrepeCTpO Ra MO eT nOTepneTb rropa eH e eMOK' paTaqeCKaH pe opMaTOpCKaH TeH eHq H - OKa3aTbCH Ha KaKoe-TO Bpe MH oT6pomeHHHMH H 3Ha qTO He TonbKO y Hac - B 6o CTpaHe no nMTHqeCKaH 06 CTBeHHaR 3Hb pa3BMBaeTCH He npflMOnHHe HO n qeCK C TIpHnHBaMH M OT BaMH TO peaKq M TO eMOKpaTHH a qMK H 3HaH Bce 3TO Bpoge 6 MO HO M ycnoRoHTbCR TeM 60nee QTO aBHO M3BeCT HO MHor e 3HaH H - MHo e rreqaRM Ho KaK qenOBeK 60ne M sa eno B KOTOWOM C caMara Haq a rp Hflfl yqacTMe -ycnoKo TbCH He Mary H rrpo o ro He 0 nwqHOM cY b6e peqb bep Tb B rro6eAY rrpeo6pa30BaHMM eMOKpaTHH rrpM MrroB OCTOHHOM 3HM Hapo a Ho - ecnH HaCTaHeT ropbK M MOMeHT Mory nopa eHMH CKasaTb ce6e yrMM He KpHBH YlliOH c enaHO Bce qTO 6 no B03MO HO H ga e 60nbrue Toro QTo6H g06MTbCH 06HOBneHMH qTO E rrYCTb rrp AYT APyrMe H c ena T 60nbllie M nyqme BHITOflHHn nonHOCTbID H o n CBO gOAr KOHqa KaK ero rrOHHMan BOT TonbRO - Bce AM B03MO Hoe AenaeTCH cerOAHH paAH 06HOBAe HHH OTeqeCTBa pa H 06Y3 aHHH ROp CTHoro H aHTHnaTp OTaqeCKOrO 6yHTa peaKqH pa3BeHQaHHH ee nO AMHHoro 06AMKa B rfla3ax HapOAa Heo6xo M HMnepaT BHO Heo6xogKM KpyTOM nOBopOT BneBO H Mo6H H3a HH Hapo a Ha rrpHHqMrrax eMOKpaTHH pOMRe MeCTa HeT BaM - To e B rrpaBOM BH eHHH nepeCT
OCR of the Document
View the Document >>