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HMeHHO TpeTuii MHp B CHJIy CBoeii HeCTa6HJIbHOCTH CTaJI rOpaJAo ' Bruce D Porter The USSR in Third World Conflicts Soviet arms and diplomacy in local wars 1945-1980 Cambridge U niver 60JIee 3aMaH'IHBOH n eJIbIO VIJI 3THX aM6Hl RH '1eM EBpona sity Press London New York New Rochelle Melbourne Sydney pp 5-35 MHpa MO KHO pa3 J enuTb yCJIOBHO Ha l eTblpe nepuo a 0603HaqeH BoBJIeqeHHOCTb CCCP B JIOKaJIbMbIe KOHCPJIHKTbI TpeTbeTO HbIe B ene J yrow eH Ta6nun e 20 21 nocneJJYlOUUiH nepHO ll CBH ll eTenhCTByeT 0 paClIIHpe rom JIHOO MacwraOOB BoeHHOH nOMoUUi JIlIOO reorpa pHqeCKoro 3HatreHHJl Tex CTpaH TpeTherO MHpa KOTOPhlM CCCP OKa3hIBaJI g - t li ' - - a g 0'1 ' '0 t - 0 t 0'1 I 1 - S ' 1 Vl O'I I QO'I ' $ g '2 I Q- O- ol Qr st g s g 8 o - ' $ 1 C j1ll z 1 S '0 i I lt _0'1 pOH H3yqaeMoH npo6JIeMhl O ll HaKO JIpe K ll e Bcero Clle D yeT 1Ip000a - -S '2- ponh nOCTaBm HKa opy KIDI ll O BTOPOH MHpOBOH BOHHhI l 0 0 _0'10'1 0 z O S '7' 00 ob - -'-' S B BoeHHOM OTHOWeHHH H o6JIa ll 3JI qpe3BhIlJaHHO 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npe lK J e qeM nOpBaTh C rOMHHb TH fI KOMHHTepH COCpeAOTO'lHJ1C fI Ha C03 J aHHH aHOM Bbl lKMyY ero KaK llHMOH ocyw eCTBHllOCb TaK CKaJaTb I'Oooo eJJ HHeHHOrO Q poHTa npoTHB nOTeHll HallbHbIXBparoB COBeTC HllH3HaHKY COnepHH'leCTBO Me lK o y KOMMYHHCTaMH H Hau HOHaJIHC Koro COI03a COBeTCKoe yqaCTHe B nOKaJIbHbIX KOHQ J1HKraX B 30-x TaMB BHyYpH ooo e J HHeHHOrO Q poHTa nOCTO fIHHO YCHllHBaJIOCb B03 ro J ax cne u yeT paccMaTpHBaTh B Kaqecme O J Horo H3 acneKTOB no HHKaJIH HaJ1p fI lKeHHble CHryarnm H HHlUIAeHTbl KOTopble npHBenH llHTHqeCKOrO Kypca HaJ1paBneHHoro maBHbIM 06pa30M Ha npeAOT K paCKOny rOMHHb J aHa H BnocneACTBHH B anpene 1927 r KOMMy HHCTbI B lIIaHxae 6bmH HCTpe6neHbl HX COI03HHKaMH-HaLUlOHanHC raMB IIIaHxaHcKa fI pe3HH npHBena K nonHOMY pa3pbmy CCCP C HaLUlOHaJIHCTaMH 'ITO 6b1J1o no cyw eCTBY npOBaJIOM COBeTCKHX nOUbITOK npoHHKHOBeHH fI B KnTaH XOT fI nOnblTKa KpeMJ1 fI COTPYA HH'laTb C KHTaHCKHMH H3 I UIOHaJIHCTaMH 3aKOH'IHJ1aCb npoBallOM ee 003 COMHeHH fI MO lKHO paCCMatpHBaTb KaK 3a'laTOK COBetCKoro nO J XOAa K MeCTHblM KOHQ nHKTaM H HCllOnb30BaHHH BoeHHOH no Bpaw eHHe HllH OTT fIrHBaHHe yrpo lKalOw ero BCDblXHyYb nO lKapa a He Ha J aJ1bHeHlllHe peBOllIOUHOHHbIe 3aBOeBaHH fI KOTopbIe B03MO lKH0 6bmH uenblO COBeTcKOH BHelllHeH nOllHTHKH B npeAllleCTBOBaBlllee AeC fITHlleTHe B 1931-1943 rr CCCP OKa3bmaJI 3Ha'IHrenbnyIO BoeHnyIO nOMOW b npaBHTen fIM B CHHbU3HHe lIIeH IIIYA lKeHIO 1931-1933 rr H reHepany lIIeH lIIHualO 1933-1943 rr BOBJIeqeHHbIM B MeJIlCHe KOHQ llHKTbl C ApyrHMH BOeHHbIMH Q eoAaJIaMH MOW JI ApyrHM rOCYAaPCTBaM B nOJIHTHlIeCKHX UeJ1 fIX B pe3yJIbTaTe 28 29 feHepan lIIeH 06paTHJICH K CCCP 3a npHMOH BOeHHOH nOMOl l lbIO npOTHB J pyrHX KHTaHCKHX BOeHHblX q eOn an OB BoeHHocnY KalI HX H KpynHbIe aBHaUROHHble COe J HHeHHH B KIDKAOM cnyqae BOeHH bIe CTOJIl HOBeHHSI He npHHecnH n06e lJ y HH O J HOH H3 cro B 1934 r B nOMOW b reHepany lIIeuy 6bl1IH HanpaBneHbI pOH H Cyw ecTBOBaBIIIHH npe K l e cTaryC'KBO 6bIn BOCCTaHOBneH HO J Be 6pma J bI 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yaepeHHOCTH KOTOPblH no6e u a Mao npH u ana MHPOBOMY KOMMYHHCTH'leCKoMY IJ BH l eHHIO B03MO lKHO CTan OCHOBHhIM lPaKTOPOM peweHHS CTanHHa nOMep lKaTh Hana IJ eHHe CeBepHoH KOpeH Ha KOpeHCKYIO Pecny6lIHKY B Ko e HIOHS 1950 r IIy6nH'lHo o6'bsBneHHhJe rocy u apCTBeHHbJM ceKpeTapeM A'IecoHoM MHpoBhle 060poHHTenbHllle PY6e I H CIlIA He BKnIO'I8lIH KopeIO 3TO nOIlTH HaaepHSKa 6bllI0 u pyrHM Ba lKHeHUIHM lPaKTOPOM CTanHHCKoro peweHHS Tpy u uo nOBepHTh lITO KpeMITb n03BOJIH TI 6hl IIxeHbSHY aTaKOBaTh IO lKHYIO KOpeIO eenH 6hJ npe u no lIaran MomHblH BoeHHbIH orneT CIlIA KOpeHCKaJ BOHHa B ropa3 u o 60nbweH CTeneHH ' eM rpa lK IJ aHCKaJ BOHHa B KHTae 6bllIa npOTHBOCTOSHHeM COBeTCKoro COlO la H COe IJ HHeHHllLX IlITaTOB Pa3 u elIeHHe KopeH caMO no ce6e 6hllI0 34 pe3YlIllTaTOM 6opb6hI Me l Il y CCCP H CIlIA 3a BlIHSHHe B MHH Cpa3y lKe noene no6e IJ bJ Ha IJ HnoHHeH KopeHCKaJ BoRHa 6blCTPO nepepoena H3 lIOKanbHoro KOHlPnHKTa no nOBO u y Toro KTO 6y u eT npaBHTh 3TOH CTpaHOH B CTpaTerH'IeCKOe conepHH'leCTBO CBepx a ep I 8B BaUIHHrTOH OKa3llman nOMep lKKY pe I HMY JlH CbJH· MaRa aBH eH BoeHHO-MopCKHMH CHITaMH COTHSMH TaHKOB H BOHHCKH MH qaCTHMH KOTopllle HaC'lHThmaITH 60nee 200 ThIC BoeHHoen a mHX CCCP npe u oCTaBHIT apMHH KHM Up CeHa TaHKH BoeHHble ca MOneThl H BoeHHhLX COBeTHHKOB IIoene MHOrOKpaTHbIxnpe u ynpe lK u eHHH lITO nepece'leHHe aMepHKaHCKHMH BOHCKaMH 38-H napanneJIH BCTpeTHT conpOTHBlIeHHe B Hos6pe B BOHHy BCryDHlI IIeKHH Han paBHB B KopeIO COTHH ThJCS'I BoeHHOcny l amHX CnyCTS TpH ro u a H DOcne rH6elIH MHlIlIHOHa CnHUlHHM 'IelIOBeK 6bllIO u OCTHrHYTO nepe MHpHe nonO lKHBwee KOHe BOHHe H YCTaHOBHBWee B Kopee cTarye KBO 60lIee HITH MeHee aHanOrHlJHblH ee u OBoeHHOH nonHTH'IeCKOH CTPYKrype KopeHCK3S BORHa 03HaMeHOBana Ha'IaHO HHTeHCHBHOH xonO IJ HOH BOHHbl Me l Il y CCCP H CIlIA 6hIcTpoe H npoCToe npHMHpeHHe CTano HeB03MO lKHblM AMepHKaHcKHe o60poHHbIe paCXO IJ bl BO BpeMS KopeHcKoH BOHHbI yaelIH'IHlIHCll 60nee 'IeM B TpH pa3a H noene ee OKOH'l8HHS COKpaTHlIHCb He HaMHOro 'lHeneH HOCTb BoopY l eHHblX CHIT CIlIA B pa3rap KOpeHCKOH BOHHbl BbIpOclIa C 1 46 MITH 'IenOBeK u o 3 64 MITH 'IelIOBeK COBeTcKHe BoopY lKeH Hble CHITbI TaK lKe 3Ha'IHTelIbHO yaeJIH'IHlIHCh B xo u e KOpeHCKOH BOH HbI B03MO lKH0 Ha 3 MlIH ' enOBeK KopeHcKHH KOHlPnHKT 3Ha'IH telIhHO YCKOpHIT YKpeWIeHHe HATO H TaKHM 06pa30M onpe u enHIT 6y u ymue OTHOWeHHS Me l Il y CIlIA H CCCP KaK u nHTenbHbIH 3acToH B EBpone H ps u nOKanbHbLX BOHH B u pyrnx paHOHaX MHpa pa IJ H npH06peTeHHS reorpalPH'IeCKoro YCHITeHHS nOJIHTH'IeCKHX npeH MYmeCTB K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeH TOB n06e IJ HTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03 u ancs HO BbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COe IJ HHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06 lIa u aJIH s u epHbJM opY l HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH u OCTHrrra u OBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COe IJ HHeHHhle IlITaTbl npo u e MOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBO IJ HTh nOlIHTHKY c u ep I HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTH'IeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP no Ka3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXO u cmy 35 CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCO 6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe f H MaMB II DEPHO ll nOBOpoT K TpeneMY MHpy 1953-1964 IT nocne cMepTH CTanHHa H AeCTanHHH3 CCCP BHeIlIHJlJl nonHTHKa COBeTcKoro COlO3a cYlUeCmeHHO H3MeHHJI8Cb BKnlOqaJI HOBbIH nOAXog K pa3BHBalOIr HMCJI CTpaHaM COBeTCKHe nugepbI OC03HanH qyO npou ecc geKOnOHH3 oTKpbm OrpOMHbIe B03MO K HOCTH wm nOnHTuqeCKHX 3aBOeBaHHH H npegnpHHJlJlH HecKOnbKO HHHD HaTHB no 06xa KHBaHHlO paHee ClJHTaBlIIHXCJI peaKlJ HOHHblMH H8D HoHan-6YP KY83HblX nHp epoB Ha BnH KHeM BocTOKe H B 1O K HOH A3HH no cYlUecmy COBeTCKuH COlO3 OTKpbln wm ce6JI TpeTuii MHp 3Ta nepeMeHa B 06pa3e MbIcneH H BHeIIIHeH nonmHKe KOTO· paJI HaMemnaCb B 1953·1956 rr no cYmecmy 6blna B03po KAeHHeM neHHHCKoH TeopHH e J HHoro C PpoHTa HalJ HOHanHCTOB P83BHB8lOIr HX' CJI CTpaH C OOBeTCKHM pe f HMOM c ero peBonlOlJ HOHHblMH aHm-3a nagHblMH u enSMH 06xa KHBaHHe MOCKBOH CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa B nocneCTanHHCo Kyro 3py HaqanOCb CMan03aMemoro KeCTa B HIOne 1953 r npegcTa Burenb CCCP B 3KOHOMHqeCKOM H oolJ HanbHOM OOBeTe OOH oms BHJI qyO CCCP BHeeeT 4 MnH py6neH B nporpaMMy TeXHHqeCKOH no MOIr U P83BHB8lOIlUIMCS CTpaHaM 3TO 6bln nOBopoT B MHorOnemeH ooBeTcKoH onno3HD HH nOH nporpaMMe U cuman 0 Haqane eepbe3 HblX yCHJIuH CCCP B TpeTbeM MHpe B aBrycre 1953 r ManeHKoB BbICK83an 6narOCKnOHHOCTb HH J HH U BHpMe B gOKnap e Ha eeCCHH BepxoBHoro COBeTa B ceHTs6pe 1953 r 6hm nognuCaH nJITHJIemHii ToproBhIH goroBop C MHgueH B 1954 r AC PraHHCTaH CTan nepBOH CTpaHOH TpeTberO MHpa nonyqHBmeH noene BTOPOH MUPOBOH BOH HhI KpegHThI OT CCCP B c peBpane 1955 r 6blno OmJIBneHO 0 nep BOM KPynHOM npoeKTe ooBeTcKoH 3KOHOMftqeCKOH nOMOIlUl OgHOH U3 H8HMeHee pa3BHTbIX CTpaH MHpa - 0 cTpOHTenbCme B Bxunau MeTannypmqeCKOrO KOM6HHaTa B HH J HH CTOHMOCTblO CBhnue 100 MnH gonnapoB B HIOHe 1955 r npeMbep-MHHHCTp I1Hguu Hepy HaHec HCTOPUqeCKHH BH3HT B CCCP CnyCTJI HeCKonhKO Mecs u eB nocnep oBana IIIHpoKO p83peKnaMHpoBaHHaJI nOe3gKa XpYmeBa H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U AC PraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx Ma HeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me KJJ y CBepAAep K8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfibl• Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AeP KaB OKa38nOCb HeO M 0006 Ir eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me KJJ y HaJJ Ho HanHCmqeCKHM pe f HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocno BaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPY KeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bop cma MHr·15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TS Kenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiD a H 6oenpunacbl 1 3 Qc pH JJ HanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBII UlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIu eB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP H3Becme 06 3TOM gOroBOpe BhI3BanO rny60Kyro 03a60qeH HOCTb B 3anagHblX CTOnHD 8X BoeHHble nOCTaBKH 03Haqanu HOByro rOHKy Boopy KeHHii Ha BnH KHeM BOCToKe H yCHnHBanH HanPS KeH HOCTb B 3TOM paiioHe - 06 3TOM npe uynpe KganH raponbg MaK MHnnaH H Il KOH IloCTep llannec Ho CT8BKOH 6blno HeqyO 6onbmee qeM ooxpaHeHHe pemOH8nhHOro 6anaHca COBeTcKHH COI03 npeogo neB CAep KHBalOllUIe creHbI BargagCKOrO naKTa 06pamn nOCT8BKH opy KHJI B 3 l c peKTHBHhIH HHCTPYMeHT nOBopOTa perHOHanbHOH HanpIDJreHHOCm B CBOIO nonb3y CeHTS6phCKoe C006Ir eHHe BbI3Bano 3Hry3H83M p8 J HKanbHbIX apa6CKHX H8D HOHanHCTOB Beero 6nH KHe BOCTOllHoro pemOHa U OTKPblnO J JIS TpeT ero MHpa anhTepHaTHBY BoeHHOH 3aBUCHMOCm OT 3anaga XpYmeB CCPOpMYfiHPOB8n HOBhIH nogxog K H8JJ HOHan HO oCBo60 J HTenbHhIM gBH KeHHJIM B TpeT eM MHpe Ha XX C'be3p e KnCC B 1956 r OR rOBOpHJI 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha MHPOBOH apeHe rpynnhI MHponlO6HBblx rOCYA8pcTB EBponbl H A3HH npoB03rnacHB IllHX HenpHooeguueHHe K 6nOKSM npHHJJ HnOM CBoeH BHeIIIHeH no nUTHKU • HenpHooeguHHBIllHecs rocyp apcma ooBMecmo C OOlJ Ha nHCTUqeCKHMH CTpaHaMH 06P830BanH IllHpoKyro lORy MHpa XpYmeB geT8nbHO omscHHJI 3H8qeHHe geKOnOHH3 roIJI OOBeTC' KOH BHeIIIHeii nOnUTHKH l1POHCXO J jJIr uH pacnag KOnOHHanbHOH CUCTeMbl HMne pHanH3Ma SBnJIeTCS BCeMHPHOUCTOpuqecKHM oo6blmeM nocneBoeHHoro nepuop a 36 37 HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MH POBOH HCrOpHH KOfAa HapO 1 h1 BocrOKa HanpaBJIeHHH COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCraBOK B CTpaHbI npHHHMaror rperhefo MHpa H pa3MephI 3THX nOCraBOK HeCOMHeHHO YKa aKrHBHOe yqacrHe B peWeHHH cYAe6 BcefO MHpa CraHo 3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene BRTCH HOBhIM MOWHbIM paKrOPOM Me l JJyHapOIJ HbIX or 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperhe HoweHHH••• ro Teneph HM He H KHO HATH 3a COBpeMeHHhIM o60PYAOBa MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa 3HallaJIHCb HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJ HllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06 HHeM Ha nOKJIOH K CBOHM 6hIBWHM yrHerareIDIM TaKoe palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa ofiopYAOBaHHe OHH Moryr nOnytIHTh B crpaH3X COUHaJIH3Ma Boop eHHif He paCnnaqHBaHCh 3a 3ro HHKaKHMH 06JI3areJIhCrBaMH no nOCJIe B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh 1955 f l 5 JIHTHlIecKoro HllH BoeHHOfO xapaKrepa CaM paKr cymecrBOBaHIDl COBerCKoro COI03a H APyrHX B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI l aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM 6hlJlH 1956 f B I1paK H I1H 1 OHe3HIO B 1958 f 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH CTpaH cOIJ HllJIHCTH1IeCKOrO narep1l HX forOBHOCTh nOMOllh B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY l eHHH BnepBhle CJIafiOpa3BHThIM crpaHaM B HX npOMhlIWIeHHOM pa3BHTHH nOCTaBneHhI B A praHHCTaH B Ha YCJIOBIDlX paBHonpaBIDl H B3aHMHOH BhIrOAhl HBl1JlerCH B fBHHeIO B cephe3HOH nperpaAOH Ha nyrH KOJIOHHaJIhHOH nOJIHrHKH 14 coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh 16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror AHanofH'lHhIe ofiH3areJIhCTBa B nOMep KKY HaUHOHaJIhHO oCBo60AHTeJIhHhIX ABIDICeHHif HMeIOrCH B OTllemOM AOKJIaAe UK Ha BceX Che3Aax KTICC noene 1956 f a raK I e B MHOrOllHCneHHhIX 1959 f B HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHB IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 2 1 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB Kpyrocrb nOBopora coBeTcKoH BHelllHeH nOJIHTHKH no omoweHHIO 80% KOMMeHrapIDlx COBerCKHX CpeACTB MaccoBoH HH POPMarum H B K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono HayqHhIx pa60rax COBerCKHX aBropoB TIoene cornaweHHH 0 BoeHHhlX nOCraBKax EmnTY BJIH fCHHi COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B HeKoMMYHHCTHqeCKHM rOCY 1 apCTBaM Korophle 3aHHMaJIH HHlITO l 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb BocroK OKOJIO ABa JmaTH JIer ocraBanC1I neHrpoM COBerCKHX YCH HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK JIHH no corpYAHHqeCTBY C HaUHOHaJIhHO-DCBo60AHTenhHhIMH ABIDICe· HIDlMH B rpeTheM MHpe BeneA 3a EfHDTOM noJIY'DtllH COBerCKoe AO op e CHpHH H ReMeH CHPHH 3aKJIIOlIHlla cornaweHHe C TIparoH mOHanhHbIx KOH pJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX B HallaJIe 1956 r H B Mapre Ha'lllJIHCh nOCraBKH opy I ID qepe3 1955 f TIPH XpymeBe CCCP HallaJI yrBep l AaTl CBoe BJIHJlHHe B pe rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH Emner nOCKOJIhKY CHPHH He o6naAana fpY30BhIMH nopraMH 3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMY npHrOIJ HbIMH WJH nOJIyqeHIDl Boop eHHH AHaJIOrH'lHOe corJIawe· HHCTHqeCKHX pe I HMOB O 1 HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH HHe fibUlO 3aKJIIOQeHO C ReMeHOM KYAa cranH AOCTaBl1JlTh opY l He B KOH pJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA 1956 f l £exoenoBanKHe H COBerCKHe BoeHHbIe COBerHHKH OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb B oKrHfipe fihIJIH HallpaBJIeHhI B EfHller CHPHIO H ReMeH AJIH HHCTpYKr no ofiparneHHIO C cOBercKoH BoeHHoH reXHHKoH H 06yqeHHIO mUlO- rOJIl KO COBerCKoe opy l He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIl 3yeMoe B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM CTpaHaM nOCJIY I HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA TOB ne6IOr MOCKBhI B POJIH nOCTaBInHKa opy I ID Ha BJIH l HeM BoCToKe OTKphlJI HOByro 3PY B coBerCKoH BHewHeH nOJIHTHKe 3KCllopr BoopY I eHHH H3 COBercKofo COI03a H crpaH BocrOllHoH 1955 CY3nKOH BOOOH OKTH6pb-H01l6pb 1956 f OAHaKO BoopyaceHHH nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJII 30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl TOllHO TaK l e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP r 3HallHTeJIhHO YBeJIHlIHllC1I TIo YTBep l 1 eHHIO HeMeHCKHM HMaMOM AxMeAOM OCTaBaJIHCh 003 ynorpe6neHHH BO CrOKfOJIhMCKOrO Me l 1 yHapoAHOro HHCTHryra MHpHbIX HceneAOBa BpeM1l nOfpaHH'lHbIX CTOJIKHoBeHHif Me l 1 y ReMeHOM H AAeHOM B EBPODhl noene HHH 38 39 1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo or paHH'IHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH H3 HHX KOBoro 5 JIeT3JIH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB non cpJIarOM OOH a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJI op ' KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO MMfoB AJI KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHm J C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM 6bICTPO rr n H Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCT CaMYlO 3HaquTeJIbHym coBeTcKym BoeHHylO nOMOIl b H3 Bcex CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIY'IH1Ia 1958·1965 HH noHe3HH Tyna B rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop eHHH 1 MJlPn n OJIJIapoB 3TO Boop eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb IJJIH no p KKH CYKapHO B TpeX CYMaTpe 1958-1960 KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha rr B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYT 1961-1962 IT H B fpoMH ManaibHlO 1963 CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme HOBaR fBHHeH KaMnaHHH 1965 nOJlyquBllIeH Ha3BaHHe IT llpH 3HaquyenbHocm COBeTCKoro BKJI8A8 60JIbIIIaH lJaCTb COBeTCKHX BoopY KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX n eHCTBHHX BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHK 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op eM KOTOPblM TOB - CYKapHO Y Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIb 1960·1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOH CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe 3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO n OCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOH cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r •• Korna MocKBa npe rr n o KHJIa nOMep KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbn BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH I eHWI B KaTaHre COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rH n oH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMO mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an Heyn OBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBa JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM n eJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIl b or anacb rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY KHH a TaK Ke npen OCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero 40 BbIcnan COBeTCKHX npen CT3BHTeJIeH AaJI H3 MocKBe B03 MO KHOCTb BnepDbIe npon eMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapc KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn 3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMH HalOIl HHCH ypoK COBeTCKoe yqacme B r CKoH BoiI He B Jlaoce B 1961 1960 rr TO Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIl b ooo e Jlao orpaHH'IHJlaCb nOCTaBKOH CTpeJIKOBOrO oP ' KIDI Ha HeCKOJIbKO MHJIJIHOHOB n OJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO KH0 H8H60JIee ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu npe n npHHHTaH npH XpYIl eBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT BKJIlO quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo n03BOJIHJI ooo eAH HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n 06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH Han 80% TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB n eHCTBHH B03 n yIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnen CTBHH 3THX C06blTHH OKa3anHCb Qpe3BbllJaiI HO BbIrOAHblMH n nH MOCKBbI Coe AHHeHHbIe illTaTbI npeKpamnH nOMOIl b «IlyMH HoC3Baay lITO BbIHY AHJIO ero COrnaCHTbCH Ha C03naHHe KoanHUHOHHoro npaBHTeJIbCT Ba Bnocnen CTBHH 1962 r l eHeBCKHH n oroBop nO n nHCaHHbIH B HlOJIe rapaHTHpoBan HeiiTpanHTeT Jlaoca 3HaquTeJIbHO KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX n eCaHTHblX OTPHAOB B HeMe rr n eHHO KOHro HecMoTpH Ha Heynaqy KpH3HC B KOHro AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH «IlyMOH H llaTeT BeHHylO POJIb 60JIee qeM Ha npeeMHHK 60JIee KpynHble nOCT3BKH 0p ' KIDI CTpaHaM TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cne n ylOIl eM ro n y Korna B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepI'HYT HM8M AxMe n YCKOpHB BoeHHbIe nOCT3BKH ErHnTY MOCKBa no cymeCTBY nooIl pHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r CKym BOHHy Me K D y HOBbIM pecny6JIHKaHCKHM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM ReMeHa H nneMeHHbIMH BO K ll H MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH XpYIl eB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIl ecTBJlHJIaCb Qepe3 Kaup Ky6HHcKHH paKeTHbIH KpH3HC 6ePJIHHCKHH KpH3HC H PHA MeHee 3HaquyeJIbHblX BoiI H H KpH3HCOB YCHJIHJIH HanpIDICeHHOcTb Me K D y CillA H CCCP H C03A3BanH BnelJaTJIeHHe lITO MHp nepe KH BaeT HCKJIlOquTeJIbHO onaCHbIH nepHOn 3Kcu eHTpHllHaR yrPO K8m maR MaHepa nOBen eHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO Bne'llameHHe 41 H 3aIIaA TaK I e KaK H BoCTOK HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI'1l eHHe KOrAll Xpyw eB 6bDI m nEPUO ll 3apo I J eHHe COBeTCKoA rno68JIhBoA J OKTpHHLl 196S-1972rr CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM J OBOJIbHO yHbDIO Bblrns neBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O J HaKO OKa3aJIOCb 'ITO COBeTCKaJI BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH Xpyw eBe 6bDIa llPHXO J K BJIaCTH Bpe JKHeBa H KOChlrHHa B OKTJl6pe 1964 r ropa3 J O MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3 J 0 60JIee YMepeH nOXO l e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH lj albI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro Hhle 1j 0PMhl lleM B nocne J OBaBlllHe ro J bl llpH Xpyw eBe CCCP yqaCTM B KOHIj JIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha erne He o6naAan J OCTaTO'lHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO I HOCTJlMH BKJllO MapTe XXIII C'be3 J e KnCC B 1966 r Bpe JKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCT 'l3 II BbIrO J HhlH 6aJIaHC crpaTerHqeCKHX MepHhIX BooPY'KeHHil J JI II paHHbIM 33 IIBJIeHHeM nO J TBep I J 3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO J J ep I Ky B BHymHTeJIbHOH J eMOHCTpaIJ HH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6e JKaMH CTpaHhl Ha HOHanbHO-OCB060 J HTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHC COBeTCKoe PYKOBO J CTBO He06xO J HMoCTh THqeCKOH nOJIHTHKH HOBoro PYKOBO J CTBa npo IIBWIaCb B rOTOBHOC H3MeHeHH II noro nOJIO l eHH II J llJl npH06peTeHH II MOCKBOH Me l J y TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb J 3 I e BOOHHbIM npaBHTem cr aapo J Horo BJIH IIHH II OqeBH J HO cpaBHHMoro OC03HaJIO C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI Ba u lHHTTOH TOMac BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM pe JKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP Boo «p OTHOCHT HaqaJIO COBeTCKHX YCHJlHH no npH06pe B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT opY'fCH II B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 6 5 TeHHIO rno6aJIbHoH BOOHHO-nOJIHtHqeCKOH MaHeBpeHHOCTH K aaqa MlIP J · J OJIJIapoBj ny 1960-x rO J OB COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH erne eeMb CTpaH CTaJIH rronyqaTb opY JKHe H3 IO l HbIH ReMeH 31j HOIIHJI HHrepH II KHop H Yr3HA l He60JIblllHe nO l epTBOB3HH II nOJIYTBlJIH JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn ' J eC IITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHH II Xpyw eBa CTaJIa JICHa He06xo J HMOCTb B 60JIee nO J BH I HhlX H rn6KHX CHJIax KaK J JIJI ymep f J eHH II COBeTCKoro npHcyrCTBH II B OT J 3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H J ll II B03MO JKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HH II B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIj JIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He e JIeC006pa3HO npHMeH IITb yrP03Y HeMe J JIeuaoro MepHQ ro HCTpe6neHH II 18 HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO J bl JlHWl K KO J eCHTHlIeTH II O J HaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me l l OH THHeHTaJIbHbIX JI J ePHblX paKeT 3HaTBITeJIbHO YCKOpHJIOCb rrocne KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyw e Ba OT BJIaCTH lIHcneuaOCTh COBeTCKHX Me l l OHTHHeHTaJILHhIX 6aJI JIHCTHIIeCKHX paKeT nO'ITH B TpH pa3a npeBhlwana 3TOT nOKalareJIb 1962 r 200 no cpasHeHHIO C 75 TaK I e MaBPHTaHH II H Hapo J HaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro 19 HOBhle COBeTCKHe JIH J epbI J OKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH J JIJI npH06peTeHH II nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIH IfHH II B TpeTbeM MHpe MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIj JIHK Tax Ha npoTJI JKeHHH TpeTherO nepHOAll 3aaTBITeJIbHO yseJIHlIHJIHCb no cpasHeHHIO co BTOPbIM nepuO J OM B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH COI03 pa3BWI H paCIlIHpWI CBOH rrporpaMMbI BOOHHOH nOMOmH ycoBepweHCTBOBaJI B03MO JKHOCTH MOPCKHX H B03 J yWHhIX J OCTaBOK H J 06WIC II nporpecca B pa3Mepax H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y J apHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH Ij JIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H paCIlIHpWI reorpalj uqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJ HH XOTJI B B03 MO JKHOCTJlX J eMOHCTp3 HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTa BaJI OT COe J HHeHHblX IIITaTOB J OCTHrHYThle HM ycnexu C J eJIaJIH COBeTCKoe npHCYTCTBHe BO BpeMJI KOHIj JIHKTOB B reorpalj H'IeCKH OT J 3JIeHHbIX paHOHax ropa3 J o 60JIee ornyrHMbIM llOCKOJIbKY 3H3TB1reJILHaJI qaCTb BHOBb C03 J 3HHhIX CWI He HMeJIa cyw eCTBeHHoro lHaqeHH II J JI II o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO J 'ITO OHH 6blJlH C03 J 3Hbl J JIJI YCHJIeHH II BJIH IfHH II KpeMJI II H3 co6hlTH II B OT J 3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no l e BpeM II COBeTcKHH COI03 J 06WICJI cyw ecTBeHHoro H3MeHeHH II MepHoro 6aJIaHca C CIIIA 42 43 YBeJIH'lHB paKeT C 1972 r CBOH 270 Me OHTlrn eHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCI HX apceHaII 1965 1500 HCXOAY JIOI aIlbHOrO I OH pJIHI Ta XauOH nonyqaJI opY KHe H OT B IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI KeHHJI 6hUIa lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCI HX 6amlHCmlJeCI HX paKeT Ha noll nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCI OrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHI aHCI HM pa3BeAhma nyCI OBhIX YCTaHOBOI B BOAHhIX JIOAI ax B03pOCJIa co 120 AO r AO 60JIee lJeM 560 1loCTIDKeHHe J4l peI THB Horo JlAepHoro napHTeTa 003 COMHeHHJl yKpellHJIO YBepeHHOCTh TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI KeHHH no I paHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ce BepHhIii BbeTHaM HeCMOTpJl Ha aMepHKaHCI He B03lJ YIDHbIe 6oM6ap COBeTCI OrO PyKOBOACTBa H C03AaJIO COBeTCI OMY COI03Y penytawno AHpoBI H HH pa3Y He HCDhITaJl HeAocTaTKa B op 6oenpHDacax CBepXAep KaBhl IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCI OBaHHOCTh COBeTCI OrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa TpaHcnOpTHhlX cpeACTBax HJIH APyrHX BHAaX BoeHHoro CHapJI Ke HH JI 20 MaIlOBepoJimo 'llT06hl 6e3 COBeTCI OH BoeHHoH nOMO B JIOI aIlhHhle I OH pJIHI ThI nOCI OJIbI Y COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpa lUH 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JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOn K3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnH KHeM BocToKe 1969-1970 rr AaJIa Gecnpeu eAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA BOH m t IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPY KHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH TH KenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlI HKH 11 1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe onepaIJ llH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PY KHH B paROH Caxaphl B A ppHKe H XOTH laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTC Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH Koro 0PY KHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb I eAepanhHO MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlO KHTenbHOe Bne'laTJleHHe B 'IepHOH A ppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aep KaBlIIeHCH Jlpe ll e OT'IY ll eHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc npHMep npHMoro Y'laCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnY KaJIl HX B 60eBhlx D eHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe onepaIJ 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KOHTeKCTe nOCTaBOK 0PYX IDI 6e3ycnOBHO CTaJIa BaX Heiiweu npHIIHHOH D aJIhHeHllIerO X0Aa co6'bmni B Bat aJIe tJ eKa6ps HH AID BTopmach B BOCTOt HbIH llaKHCnm 'ITO norpY3HJIO HH l HHCKHH MHp 06'bSBHB 0 H OHaJIH3 nOCTpoeHHhlx CCCP B ErHIITe cy6KOHTHHeHT B lIeThlpBaAIJaTH fl HeBHyro BOHHy HeH3BeCTHO nocTy BoeHHhlX ofiheKTOB H BhlChlJIKe H3 ErHIITa COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX naJIH JIH B HHAHlO BO BpeMH 60eBhlx AeHCTBHH HOBbIe napnm COBeTO COBeTHHKOB HeKorophle rpaX AaHCKHe COBeTHHKH OCTaJIHCh B CTpa He XOTJI B 1973 OTHOllIeHHH C KauPOM npHKa3 Ca l aTa 0 r MocKBa Ba KopoTKoe BpeMH yJIyqmHJIa CBOH cne aJIHCTOB B HlOJIe 1972 BhIChlJIKe COBeTCKHX r OKa3aJICJI npeP BecmeM nQJlHoro Kpaxa COBeTCKHX n03 H B ErHIITe nocne OKTJI6phCKOH BOHHhI 1973 r Koro OPYX HH O fl HaKO MOCKBa OTKPhITO nOMepX HBaJIa HH l H1O nyOOHIIHhlMH 1971 3HepJ'HllHhIMH fl HnJIOMaTHlleCKHMH 4 JIHKTa cne l yeT CIIHTaTh ycneXOM CCCP BOUBa paCIIJIeHHJIa llaKHo TaB COI03HHKa He TOJIhKO COeAHHeHHhIX IIITaTOB HO H IIHJIa CBJI3H COBeTCKoro COlO3a C HHAHeH COBepllIeHHO llocneAHHii KOH4 JIHKT B KOTOPOM COBeTcKHH COlO3 yqaCT BOBaJI Ha npoTJIx eHHe TpeThero nepHOAa 6hlJIa HHAO-naKHCTaHCKaS' 3aJIBJIeHH fIMH aKllHJIMH H B paMKax OOH H nepe tJ CbIA Pe3YJIhTaT 3Toro KOH- OlleBH fl HO 'ITO B 1965-1972 KHP H YKpe rr MaCWra6hI COBeTCKoro BoeHHOro H n m mOMaTHlleCKoro YIiaCTHS' B KOH4 JIHKTax r EhIBII JHii rOCYAapcmeHHhIH ceKpeTaph ChIA reHpH TpeTl ero MHpa 3HB IIHTeJIhHO B03poCIlH CCCP OKa3hIBaJI cyru eCT KHcCHHA Kep oxapaKTepH30BaJI 3TOT KOH4 JIHKT KaK HenpHKphITOe BeHHyIo BOeHHyIo nOMO CeBepHOMY BheTHaMy H EnmTy yCHJIHJI BouHa npHMeHeHHe CHJIhl napTHepoM CCCP nOMepX aHHhIM COBeTCKHM CBoe yqacme B rpa K l 3HCKOH Bone B ReMeHe BOeHHhIMH noCTaD OpYX HeM H COBeTCKHMH 3aBepeHHHMH 22 B TelleHHe HeCKOJIhKHX KaMH H fl HnJIOMaTHeH tJ ofimIcs 3HallHTeJIhHhIX nOJIHTHIIeCKHX ycne A3HH MeCHIIeB nOKa nOJIHTHlleCKHH KpH3HC B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe XOB B HHrepHH H IO KHOH yrnyOOS'JICS H BepoJITHOCTh HH l O-naKHCTaHCKOrO KOH4 JIHKTa B03 opYX He COBeTHHKOB a B HeKOTOphIX cnyqasx tJ aX e BoeHHOcnyX a KpeMJI HcnOJIh30BaJI coBeTCKoe pacTaJIa C03AaBaJIOCh BnellaTJIeHHe 'ITO COBeTcKHH COlO3 AeucmyeT lIJHx ropa3AO HUTeHCHBHee lleM Kor rr a 6bI TO HH 6hIJIO A1l II paCUIH OCTOPOX HO H 'ITO B cnyllae B3phIBa OH CMOX eT chlrpaTh poJIh nocpeA peHH fI BJIHHHHH B TpeTheM MHpe HHKa KaK BO BpeMH KpaTKou HHAo-naKHCTaHCKOH BOHHbI 1966 r COBeTCKHX Boopyx eHHii COBeTcKHe cpeAcma MaCCOBOU HH4 opMaIIHH OCYAKJIH penpeccHH 6e rr a B H3paHJIe B Bone Ba llaKHCTaHa no OTHOllIeHHIO K 6eHraJIhIIaM B BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB B HO B TO x e BpeMH JIPH3hIBaJIH K MHpHOMY yperyJIHPOBaHHlO 3TOH mu'i npoOOeMbI O fl HaKO MaccoBoe y tIH'ITox eHHe B WeCTH fl HeBHOH Bone TaKTHIIeCKalI no HCTo eHHe 1970 r H H3rHaHHe Ca l aTOM 1972 r 3aTpy tUmJI0 YKpelDIeHHe n03H CCCP Ha EJIlOICHeM BoCToKe HeBeJIHKH 6hIJIH ycneXH MOCKBbI B liHAoKHTae llapoAOKCaJIhHO 'ITO tJ 0 1972 r COBeTCKOMY COI03Y He YAaJIOC A06HTbCS O MhIX pe3yn raTOB KaK pa3 B Tex perno 48 49 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cpaBHHTeJIhHO OhICrpO OTlJaCTH OCeHhlO 1978 1JeCTBO CCCP H KHP 3a BJIIDIHHe B IOro-BocTotJHoH AlHH KOHCPJIHKT OJIaro napSI nocpe D HH'leCKOH POJIH Cay noBcKOH ApaBHH a TaK JKe Me JK ny D BYMH i-teMeHaMH HMeJI rrpH'lHHOH rro KpailHeH Mepe OTlJac BCJIe J CTBHe TH CTpeMJIeHHe COBeTCKoro PYKOBo J cTBa BepHyrbcH Ha MH KHeBOC rrpasHTeJIhcTBa i-teMeHa B CaHe TO'l HylO apeHY rrpo J eMoHcTpHpoBaB CBoe BJIIDIHHe rra C06hITIDI 3HeprHtJHOH B arrpene 1978 nOMep JKKH COe nHHeHHblMH IIlTaTaMH r B pe3YJIbTaTe KpoBaBoro rrepeBopoTa B Acp raHHCTarre ObIJIO cBepnIyTo rrpaBHTeJIhCTBO rrpe3H J eHTa MoxaMe na nyCTh H rra nepHcpepHH noro perHoHa 3 HOH6pH 1978 r 6bIJIO no nnHcarro comaweHHe 0 COlO3e llay J a H Ha cMeHy eMY rrpHWen npOCOBeTCKHH pe JKHM BO maBe C Me JK nY CCCP H HypOM MoxaMe J OM TapaKH JIH J epOM cppaKll HH KXaJIK B HapO D HOH BbeTHaMOM 3TO nano XaHOIO He06xo n HMyro Mepy ysepeHHocTH H 6e3 COMHeHHH rro J TOJIKHYJIO BbeTHaM rra rrapTHH 3TH COOhITIDI rrOBJIeKJIH 3a COOOH POCT COBeTCKoro BoeHHo WHpOKyro ro rrpHcyrCTBIDI B AcpraHHCTarre Pe JKHM TapaKH BhI3BaJI I1IHpOKylO BoeHHyro orrepaIJ HIO npOTHB npoKHTaHcKoro pe JKHMa IIoJI IIoTa B KOHcpJIHKTe KOTOPbIH nOMOW HHK rrpe3H J eHTa CIIlA rro orrrr03Hll HlO MYCYJIhMaHCKHX rrJIeMeH B CeJIhCKHX pmOHax CTparrhI BorrpocaM 'ITO rrorpY3IDlO AcpraHHCTarr B O JKeCT01JeHHyro rpa JK naHCKyro BOWY HaII HOHaJIbHOH 6e30rracHocTH 36urHeB B JKe3HHCKHH 1978 HalBaJI rrepBbIM rrpHMepoM BOHHhI Me JKpy COBeTCKHM COlO30M C HIOHH H KHTaeM rrocpe J cTBoM J pyrHX rocy napcTB 29 HeHcHo nOCTaB HarrpaBJIHJIHCb B AQ raHHCTarr JIHJI JIH CCCP opy JKHe BheTHaMY BO BpeMH ooeBblx neHcTBHH - CTaHU8 MH B r 60JIhIlIHe rpyrrIIhI COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB COBeTcKoe nJIH nOMOW U TapaKH B 60Pb6e C rrOB rrpHcyrcTBHe rrOCTOHHHO yseJIH'lHBaJIOCb KOHll e KOHll OB BbeTHaM H 6e3 Toro 06JIa nan nOCTaTO'lHhIM 3arraCOM npH'leM KaK coOOw aJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX cne u ua COBeTCKoro H aMepHKarrCKoro TpoQ eworo 0py JKIDI PeWaIOw HM JIHCTOB rrOrHOJIO B pe3yJIbTaTe nOKyweHHH B rrepBhIH ro n rpa JK naHc CPaKTOPOM B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe CTaJIa COBeTCKas nHIIJIOMaTH'leCKaH KOH BOHHbI B ceHTH6pe 1979 r rrocne Toro KaK JIeTOM rro BceH r Coe J HHeHHble IIlTaThl rrpH3 cTparre OhIJIO OTMe1JeHO YCHJIeHHe orrrr03Hll HH B D BOPll OBOH nepecT HaJIH KHP 'ITO TaK JKe B03MO KH0 Cblrpano POJIb B peweHHH BbeT peJIKe ObIJI y6HT TapaKH MeCTO KOToporo 3aHHJl XacpH3yJIJIa AMHH nOMep JKKa XaHOIO B J eKa6pe 1978 HaMa OKKyrrHpoBaTb KaMIIyqHIO 3TO JKe npH3HaHHe rrO'lTH HaBepHH 3aHHMaBwHH rrpH TapaKH rrOCT rrpeMbep-MHHHcTpa XOTH AMHH Ka nOBJ1HHJIO Ha peweHHe IIeKHHa OTBeTHTb Ha 3axBaT XaHoeM rrpo nOJI JKaJI rrpocoBeTcKHH KYPC no MHeHHIO MOCKBhl OH ObIJI 'Ie IIHOMrreHH KapaTeJIhHOH 3Kcne J HII HeH Ha TeppHTOpHIO BbeTHaMa Ha pecqyp He3aBHCHMbIM aero penpeccHBHbIe MeTO nhI yrrpaBJIeHIDI 'laBWeHCH 17 cpeBpans 1979 r CCCP CTaJI ocyw eCTBJIHTb B03 nyrrI Hble rrOCTaBKH 0py JKIDI BheTHaMY y JKe 'Iepe3 IDITh JJ HeH nocne Ha'laJIa 58 crparroH cnOCOOCTBOBaJIH ycyryOJIHJlaCb Bce OOJIee KOHCOJIH nall HH 01JeBH 1 HhIM OIIII03Hll HH pa3JlO JKeHHeM CHTyaIJ IDI acpraHCKOH npaBHTeJIbCTBeHHOH apMIDf H ee uecnocofiuoCThIO 3ammuaTh pe KHM OT BCe fionee rp03UOrO nOBCTaHtIeCKOrO JlBHX euIDI 24 l eKafips CCCP nepenpaBWI no B03 l YXY B A4 rauHc1au KpyDHbIe apMeHcKHe coell HHeUIDI a qepe3 UeCKOJIbKO ll HeH COBe1C KHe MOTocypenKoBble IJ HBH3IDf nepeIDJIH cOBeTcKo-a4 raucKym rpauHUy fnaBuOH IIenblO COBe1CKoro B10P KeHIDI 6bl1l0 YC1auoB neUHe B A4 rauHc1aue 60nee nocnyumoro pe KHMa I1HTepBemnm B A4 raHHcTau fibIIla nepBblM CIlyqaeM KOr l a COBeTCKHH COlO3 oCYlUeCIBHII npHMoe BTOp KeHHe KPYIIHbIX coe ll HHeuHn CBOHX Boopyx eHHblx CHII ua TeppHTOpHIO cypaubI 1pe1bero MHpa qHcneuuoCTh COBe1CKHX co n o aT nocnaHHbIX B A4 rauHc1au B 4-5 pa3 npeBblCHIIa QHCIleUUOCTh Ky6HHcKHX Boeuuocny Ka1UHX yqacTBOBaBWHX B Kou4 nHKIaX B Aurone H B 34 Homm 310 B10p KeIDfe MOX HO paccMaTpHBa1b KaK anoren l eCS THIle1HH 03HaMeUQ BaBwerOcs aK1HBHbIM BoeHHbIM npHcyrCTBHeM CCCP B cypauax ypeThero MHpa H ocofieHHo COBeTCKon BOBneQeHHOCIH B ero KOU4 JIHKTbI KaX e1cs ueBepoS THbIM Q106bl COBe1CKoe PyKOBO l C1BO peWHIlocb ua C10JIb pa l HKaJIbHbIe H PHCKOBaHHbIe l eiicTBHH ecnH 6bI OIIbIT Bcero npell Wec1BoBaBwero l ecS THIle1HH ue y6e1J HIl ero QTO np0H30IIIIIH H3MeUeHIDI B MHpOBOM nOnHTHlIeCKOM H BoeuuOM 6anauce PacTYIIlau yaepeHHOCTh COBeTCKoro PYKOBQlJ C1Ba OlUyIUa naCb B ero 3auBIleuHHx 0 MOUUiOM nporpecce l OC1HfH '10M ua1J H0UaJIbUo-ocBofioll HTeJIbHbIMH JlBHX eUHHMH 0 Bce 60nee 6naro npHHTHOH pacc1auoBKe CHII H 0 KopeHHon nepeC1pOHKe B Me K IJ YHaP0Il HbIX OTHOWeuHHX OAHaKO COBeTCKHH OIIbIT B A4 rauHcTaue uarIIHAHo npO l e MOUCypHpoBaII noreUIIHaJIbHbIe TPyAHOC1H K010pble K IIY1 CBepx l ep KaB npH B10p KeUIDf B CIpauy 1peTherO MHpa nPHME'IAHHJI Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945 1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976 174-5 2 B H 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Princeton University Press 1977 xi 22 Henry Kissinger White House Years Boston Little Brown 19791 913 - @ OT PE aAKaHH tPepeHij Kocez GTaTlJR tPepeHija Koceza nOCBRlI #eHa u36upaTelZb HOU petjJOpMe U BbZ60paM B BeHZpUU 1 OTOpbZe COCT JI IZUCb 8 UlOHR 1985 Z U npUBlZe1 IZU BHUMaHue cneijuQ Zuc TOB nOC1 OlZb1 Y RBUlZUCb CBoezo pooa 31 CnepUMeHTOM U36upaTelZbHOU PftjJOPMbZ B CTpaHax COBeTC1 OZO Tuna H3BHPATEnbHA sI PECI»OPMA H BbIBOPbI HOBbZU 3a1 OH 0 BbZ60pax 6bZIZ npUHRT B BeHzpuu 22 Oe1 a6pR 1983 z OH COCTOUT B clZeoYlOlI #eM 1 B o6R3aTelZbHoM nOpR01 e 6a £n oTupyeTCR HeC1 OlZb1 O 1 aHOUOaTOB PyKOBO lJ HTeJIH nOJIbCKOH H BeHI'epCKOH KOMM 'HHCTlflIeCKOH 2 Ha MeCTaX c030alOTCR CneijUQ lbHbZe 1 OMUCCUU naprHii 0 3TH Y3bI HCrOpHqeCKOrO 6parcrBa gaBHO Y'Ke IIbITllIOr OIZR ynp0ll #eHUR U36upaTelZbHozO npoijeCca CH nO lJ pax arb lJ pyr lJ pyry qerbIpe ro IJ a Ha3a IJ Hpy3eJIbCKHii 06e 3 nOIZUTU14eC1 Ue U zocyoapcTBeHHbze lZuoepbz U3 maJI B nepBYJO oqepe Il b KOHe o ce6e a He HaPOAY - qrO B 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