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HallpaBJIeHHJIX H HMeHHO TpeTuii MHp B CHJIy CBoeii HeCTa6HJIbHOCTH CTaJI rOpaJAo ' Bruce D Porter The USSR in Third World Conflicts Soviet arms and diplomacy in local wars 1945-1980 Cambridge U niver­ 60JIee 3aMaH'IHBOH n eJIbIO VIJI 3THX aM6Hl RH '1eM EBpona sity Press London New York New Rochelle Melbourne Sydney pp 5-35 MHpa MO KHO pa3 J enuTb yCJIOBHO Ha l eTblpe nepuo a 0603HaqeH­ BoBJIeqeHHOCTb CCCP B JIOKaJIbMbIe KOHCPJIHKTbI TpeTbeTO HbIe B ene J yrow eH Ta6nun e 20 21 nocneJJYlOUUiH nepHO ll CBH ll eTenhCTByeT 0 paClIIHpe­ rom JIHOO MacwraOOB BoeHHOH nOMoUUi JIlIOO reorpa pHqeCKoro 3HatreHHJl Tex CTpaH TpeTherO MHpa KOTOPhlM CCCP OKa3hIBaJI g - t li ' - - a g 0'1 ' '0 t - 0 t 0'1 I 1 - S ' 1 Vl O'I I QO'I ' $ g '2 I Q- O- ol Qr st g s g 8 o - ' $ 1 C j1ll z 1 S '0 i I lt _0'1 pOH H3yqaeMoH npo6JIeMhl O ll HaKO JIpe K ll e Bcero Clle D yeT 1Ip000a­ - -S '2- ­ ponh nOCTaBm HKa opy KIDI ll O BTOPOH MHpOBOH BOHHhI l 0 0 _0'10'1 0 z O S '7' 00 ob - -'-' S B BoeHHOM OTHOWeHHH H 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COBetCKHe COBetHHKH H 30-x ro J ax CCCP CTaJI cocpeAOra'IHBaTbC fI Ha BHyYpeHHHX npofilIe­ OqeBH J HO HeCKonbKO BOHHCKHX nOApa3AeneHnH yqaCTBOBallH B Max no TeopHH nocrpoeHHH counanH3Ma B O J HOH crpaHe I1peAoT­ 60eBbIX AeHCTBHHX qaCTeH HPA B nepBble MeC fI1J b1 qpe3BbNaHHO ycnelllHoH ceBepHOH 3KcneAHUHH 'laH KaHIIIH CCCP cHa6 lKall nOA­ BpaW eHHe np fIMbIX yrp03 HaUHOHallbHOH 6e30naCHocTH CCCP CTaJ10 npeofiJIaAaIOIUHM acneKTOM BHelllHeH nonHTHKH MocKBbl OKKyna­ pa3AeneHHH ero apMHH KOPOTKOBOllHOBOH pa J HOannapaTypOH a UH fI HnOHHeH MaHb'l lKYpHH B ceHT fI6pe 1931 r H npHXOA fHTJIepa COBetCKaH aBualUDl BpeMJI OT BpeMeHH OCyw ecTBll fIJ1a TaKTHlIeCKHe K BllaCTH B fepMaHHH B fIHBape 1933 r nOCTaBHll COBeTcKH8 COlO3 6oM6aPAHPOBKH pa3BeAKY H AOCTaBKy rpY3oB B TO BpeM fI B KHTae nepeA nepcneKTHBoH HMeTb Aeno HaXOAHllOCb B03MO lKH0 60neee 1 TblC COBeTCKHX COBeTHHKOB CH1IaMB Ha I10 HpoHHH HCTOPHH HaMepeHHe CTallHHa nene fIBlllero HaAe lK­ ABYX C pacryIUHMB Bpa lKAe6HbIMH Q poHTax I10A yrp0308 BOHHbI Ha ABYx Q poHTax B03MO lKHOCTb KOTOP08 nOCTO fIHHO B03pacTaJIa B TeqeHHe AeC fITHlle­ ME» aYHAPOJJ H u y 'ITO KHTaHCKHe KOMMYHHCTbI npe lK J e qeM nOpBaTh C rOMHHb­ TH fI KOMHHTepH COCpeAOTO'lHJ1C fI Ha C03 J aHHH aHOM Bbl lKMyY ero KaK llHMOH ocyw eCTBHllOCb TaK CKaJaTb I'Oooo eJJ HHeHHOrO Q poHTa npoTHB nOTeHll HallbHbIXBparoB COBeTC­ HllH3HaHKY COnepHH'leCTBO Me lK o y KOMMYHHCTaMH H Hau HOHaJIHC­ Koro COI03a COBeTCKoe yqaCTHe B nOKaJIbHbIX KOHQ J1HKraX B 30-x TaMB BHyYpH ooo e J HHeHHOrO Q poHTa nOCTO fIHHO YCHllHBaJIOCb B03­ ro J ax cne u yeT paccMaTpHBaTh B Kaqecme O J Horo H3 acneKTOB no­ HHKaJIH HaJ1p fI lKeHHble CHryarnm H HHlUIAeHTbl KOTopble npHBenH llHTHqeCKOrO Kypca HaJ1paBneHHoro maBHbIM 06pa30M Ha npeAOT­ K paCKOny rOMHHb J aHa H BnocneACTBHH B anpene 1927 r KOMMy­ HHCTbI B lIIaHxae 6bmH HCTpe6neHbl HX COI03HHKaMH-HaLUlOHanHC­ raMB IIIaHxaHcKa fI pe3HH npHBena K nonHOMY pa3pbmy CCCP C HaLUlOHaJIHCTaMH 'ITO 6b1J1o no cyw eCTBY npOBaJIOM COBeTCKHX nOUbITOK npoHHKHOBeHH fI B KnTaH XOT fI nOnblTKa KpeMJ1 fI COTPYA­ HH'laTb C KHTaHCKHMH H3 I UIOHaJIHCTaMH 3aKOH'IHJ1aCb npoBallOM ee 003 COMHeHH fI MO lKHO paCCMatpHBaTb KaK 3a'laTOK COBetCKoro nO J XOAa K MeCTHblM KOHQ nHKTaM H HCllOnb30BaHHH BoeHHOH no­ Bpaw eHHe HllH OTT fIrHBaHHe yrpo lKalOw ero BCDblXHyYb nO lKapa a He Ha J aJ1bHeHlllHe peBOllIOUHOHHbIe 3aBOeBaHH fI KOTopbIe B03MO lKH0 6bmH uenblO COBeTcKOH BHelllHeH nOllHTHKH B npeAllleCTBOBaBlllee AeC fITHlleTHe B 1931-1943 rr CCCP OKa3bmaJI 3Ha'IHrenbnyIO BoeHnyIO nOMOW b npaBHTen fIM B CHHbU3HHe lIIeH IIIYA lKeHIO 1931-1933 rr H reHepany lIIeH lIIHualO 1933-1943 rr BOBJIeqeHHbIM B MeJIlCHe KOHQ llHKTbl C ApyrHMH BOeHHbIMH Q eoAaJIaMH MOW JI ApyrHM rOCYAaPCTBaM B nOJIHTHlIeCKHX UeJ1 fIX B pe3yJIbTaTe 28 29 feHepan lIIeH 06paTHJICH K CCCP 3a npHMOH BOeHHOH nOMOl l lbIO npOTHB J pyrHX KHTaHCKHX BOeHHblX q eOn an OB BoeHHocnY KalI HX H KpynHbIe aBHaUROHHble COe J HHeHHH B KIDKAOM cnyqae BOeHH bIe CTOJIl HOBeHHSI He npHHecnH n06e lJ y HH O 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Kynb J Ke 7 rpaXQJ aHCKOH BoHne B HcnaHHH B 1936-1939 rr ITpe J naras nOMOW b CHHb u 3HHCKHM BOeHHbIM q eOn an aM KaK B llHcan N aM YnaM COBerCKoe npaBHTenbCTBo MeHbIIIe Bcero lJ yManO 0 TOM 'lT06Dl npeBpaTHTb HCnaHHIO B CBoero carennHTa 8 nocKonbKY B CCCP o6ecnequn ce6e lHaquTenbHoe BOeHHoe npHcyTCTBHe B paHO­ TO BpeMH CCCP nbITallCH 3aBOeBaTb J OBepHe BenHK06pHTaHHH He KOTOPbIH HMen 6bI BIDKHoe CTpareruqeCKoe lHaqeHHe B cnyqae H cl paHUHH H COTpY J HH1J3Tb C HHMH B uenHX C03 J aHHSI aHTHq aIIIHCTC' BOHnDl C HnOHHeH B 1932 r MocKBa BOCCTaHOBHna OTHOIIIeHWI KOH C rOMHHb J aHOM HaXO J IJ u HMCH y BnaCTH B ITeKHHe K nery 1937 r BCHqeCKH KHTaHCKo-HnOHcKHH KOHq nHKT npeBpaTHJICH B HacTOHw YIO BOii Hy MOCKBa J enalla Bce BOlMO KHOe 'lT06bI COXpaHHTb B TaHHe CBoe KOallHUHH HcnancKHe nO J J epX HBaTb KOMMYHHCTbI e lJ HHbIH q pom nonyqHnH YKalaHHe C pecny6nHKau u aMH B COCTaBe copoKaTbICHq­ B aBrYCTe CCCP 3aKnIOqun naKT 0 HeHana J eHHH C HaUROHallHCTuqec­ yqacTHe B rpaXQJ aHCKOH BoHne B 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napTHH BoeHHoro CHapH lKeHHSI B Hcna· HRIO B xO J e BOHHDI cPpanKHcTcKHe CHnbI nOTOnHnH HnH 3axBaTHJIH pHnbH COBerCKHX 6oM6aP lJ HPOBW HKOB H HCTpeooTeneH ynpaBnHe­ HecKonbKo COBeTCKHX CY J OB npH 3TOM HMenKCb qenOBeqeCKHe MU KaK yrBep ocb COBeTCKHMH nHnOTaMH- J 06poBonb u aMH lKepTBDl fepMancKHH BoeHHbIH aTTarue Ha6nIO J aBIIIHH la COBeTCKH' yqaCTBOBalla B BoeHH bIX J eHCTBHHx Ha CTopoHe KHraHCKHX HaURO­ MH BOeHHbIMH nOCTaBKaMH B HcnaHHIO npHBen TaKHe J aHHbIe 0 HHX HaJIHCTOB B J eKa6pe 1937 r BonbIIIoe qucno BoeHHbIX caMoneToB 164 CY J Ha J ocraBHnH npHcnaHHbIX CCCP Ha u HOHanHCraM 6Dlno c06pano Ha 3aBO J e B YPYM1IH· Jj 1935-1939 rr H3-la PH J a nor x HH u H J eHTOB B03HHK' 242 BoeHHblX caMoneTa 703 apmnnepHHcKHX 0PY lJ HSl 27 3eHHTOK 731 TaRK 1386 rpYloBHKoB 69200 T J pyrnx BoeHHblX rpy30B 29125 T 6oenpHnacoB a TaK lKe na yrpo3a coBeTcKo-HnoHcKoH BOHHbI ITPOH30IImH J Ba KpynHbIX 28 049 T KOHq nHKTa - Ha 03epe Xacan nerOM 1938 r H B paHoHe XallxuH·fo­ 325 T Me J H u HHCKOrO 060pY J 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Ha lOr OT MaHb'l l ypHH Ha'IaHaCh 6oPb6a B HH u oKHTae B 1947-1948 rr 6hmH nOnblTKH BOCCTaHHH B UH IJ oHe3HH Ha c DHITHDDHHaX B Manan­ 3HH H B HeCKonbKHX paHOHaX HH u HH 3aps u yaepeHHOCTH KOTOPblH no6e u a Mao npH u ana MHPOBOMY KOMMYHHCTH'leCKoMY IJ BH l eHHIO B03MO lKHO CTan OCHOBHhIM lPaKTOPOM peweHHS CTanHHa nOMep­ lKaTh Hana IJ eHHe CeBepHoH KOpeH Ha KOpeHCKYIO Pecny6lIHKY B Ko e HIOHS 1950 r IIy6nH'lHo o6'bsBneHHhJe rocy u apCTBeHHbJM ceKpeTapeM A'IecoHoM MHpoBhle 060poHHTenbHllle PY6e I H CIlIA He BKnIO'I8lIH KopeIO 3TO nOIlTH HaaepHSKa 6bllI0 u pyrHM Ba lKHeHUIHM lPaKTOPOM CTanHHCKoro peweHHS Tpy u uo nOBepHTh lITO KpeMITb n03BOJIH TI 6hl IIxeHbSHY aTaKOBaTh IO lKHYIO KOpeIO eenH 6hJ npe u no­ lIaran MomHblH BoeHHbIH orneT CIlIA KOpeHCKaJ BOHHa B ropa3 u o 60nbweH CTeneHH ' eM rpa lK­ IJ aHCKaJ BOHHa B KHTae 6bllIa npOTHBOCTOSHHeM COBeTCKoro COlO­ la H COe IJ HHeHHllLX IlITaTOB Pa3 u elIeHHe KopeH caMO no ce6e 6hllI0 34 pe3YlIllTaTOM 6opb6hI Me l Il y CCCP H CIlIA 3a BlIHSHHe B MHH Cpa3y lKe noene no6e IJ bJ Ha IJ HnoHHeH KopeHCKaJ BoRHa 6blCTPO nepepoena H3 lIOKanbHoro KOHlPnHKTa no nOBO u y Toro KTO 6y u eT npaBHTh 3TOH CTpaHOH B CTpaTerH'IeCKOe conepHH'leCTBO CBepx a ep­ I 8B BaUIHHrTOH OKa3llman nOMep lKKY pe I HMY JlH CbJH· MaRa aBH eH BoeHHO-MopCKHMH CHITaMH COTHSMH TaHKOB H BOHHCKH­ MH qaCTHMH KOTopllle HaC'lHThmaITH 60nee 200 ThIC BoeHHoen a­ mHX CCCP npe u oCTaBHIT apMHH KHM Up CeHa TaHKH BoeHHble ca­ MOneThl H BoeHHhLX COBeTHHKOB IIoene MHOrOKpaTHbIxnpe u ynpe lK­ u eHHH lITO nepece'leHHe aMepHKaHCKHMH BOHCKaMH 38-H napanneJIH BCTpeTHT conpOTHBlIeHHe B Hos6pe B BOHHy BCryDHlI IIeKHH Han­ paBHB B KopeIO COTHH ThJCS'I BoeHHOcny l amHX CnyCTS TpH ro u a H DOcne rH6elIH MHlIlIHOHa CnHUlHHM 'IelIOBeK 6bllIO u OCTHrHYTO nepe­ MHpHe nonO lKHBwee KOHe BOHHe H YCTaHOBHBWee B Kopee cTarye­ KBO 60lIee HITH MeHee aHanOrHlJHblH ee u OBoeHHOH nonHTH'IeCKOH CTPYKrype KopeHCK3S BORHa 03HaMeHOBana Ha'IaHO HHTeHCHBHOH xonO IJ HOH BOHHbl Me l Il y CCCP H CIlIA 6hIcTpoe H npoCToe npHMHpeHHe CTano HeB03MO lKHblM AMepHKaHcKHe o60poHHbIe paCXO IJ bl BO BpeMS KopeHcKoH BOHHbI yaelIH'IHlIHCll 60nee 'IeM B TpH pa3a H noene ee OKOH'l8HHS COKpaTHlIHCb He HaMHOro 'lHeneH­ HOCTb BoopY l eHHblX CHIT CIlIA B pa3rap KOpeHCKOH BOHHbl BbIpOclIa C 1 46 MITH 'IenOBeK u o 3 64 MITH 'IelIOBeK COBeTcKHe BoopY lKeH­ Hble CHITbI TaK lKe 3Ha'IHTelIbHO yaeJIH'IHlIHCh B xo u e KOpeHCKOH BOH­ HbI B03MO lKH0 Ha 3 MlIH ' enOBeK KopeHcKHH KOHlPnHKT 3Ha'IH­ telIhHO YCKOpHIT YKpeWIeHHe HATO H TaKHM 06pa30M onpe u enHIT 6y u ymue OTHOWeHHS Me l Il y CIlIA H CCCP KaK u nHTenbHbIH 3acToH B EBpone H ps u nOKanbHbLX BOHH B u pyrnx paHOHaX MHpa pa IJ H npH06peTeHHS reorpalPH'IeCKoro YCHITeHHS nOJIHTH'IeCKHX npeH­ MYmeCTB K 1953 r noene BOCbMH lIeT DpomyDllmaHHH H 3KcnepHMeH­ TOB n06e IJ HTeneH BO BTOPOH MHPOBOii BOHHe B MHpe C03 u ancs HO­ BbIH 6anaHc CHIT U COBeTCKHH COI03 H COe IJ HHeHHhIe IlITaTbI 06­ lIa u aJIH s u epHbJM opY l HeM H orpoMHblMH apMHJIMH COBeTCK3S 3KOHOMHKa K TOMY BpeMeHH u OCTHrrra u OBoeHHoro ypOBHS aBO MHOrHX ceKTopax npeB30llllIa ero COe IJ HHeHHhle IlITaTbl npo u e­ MOHCTpHpoBanH peUIHMOCTb npoBO IJ HTh nOlIHTHKY c u ep I HBaHHS KOMMYHHCTH'IeCKOH 3KCnaHCHH B nI060H qaCTH CBeTa a CCCP no­ Ka3an H HaMepeHHe H cnOC06HOCTh 6POCUTh Bhl30B npeBOCXO u cmy 35 CIUA B paHOHax npHJIeralOllUIX K COBeTCKHM TeppmOpHJIM B OCO­ 6eHHOCTH KOHYpOnHpyeMbIX MeCTHblMH KOMMyHHCTHqeCKHMH pe f H­ MaMB II DEPHO ll nOBOpoT K TpeneMY MHpy 1953-1964 IT nocne cMepTH CTanHHa H AeCTanHHH3 CCCP BHeIlIHJlJl nonHTHKa COBeTcKoro COlO3a cYlUeCmeHHO H3MeHHJI8Cb BKnlOqaJI HOBbIH nOAXog K pa3BHBalOIr HMCJI CTpaHaM COBeTCKHe nugepbI OC03HanH qyO npou ecc geKOnOHH3 oTKpbm OrpOMHbIe B03MO K­ HOCTH wm nOnHTuqeCKHX 3aBOeBaHHH H npegnpHHJlJlH HecKOnbKO HHHD HaTHB no 06xa KHBaHHlO paHee ClJHTaBlIIHXCJI peaKlJ HOHHblMH H8D HoHan-6YP KY83HblX nHp epoB Ha BnH KHeM BocTOKe H B 1O K­ HOH A3HH no cYlUecmy COBeTCKuH COlO3 OTKpbln wm ce6JI TpeTuii MHp 3Ta nepeMeHa B 06pa3e MbIcneH H BHeIIIHeH nonmHKe KOTO· paJI HaMemnaCb B 1953·1956 rr no cYmecmy 6blna B03po KAeHHeM neHHHCKoH TeopHH e J HHoro C PpoHTa HalJ HOHanHCTOB P83BHB8lOIr HX' CJI CTpaH C OOBeTCKHM pe f HMOM c ero peBonlOlJ HOHHblMH aHm-3a­ nagHblMH u enSMH 06xa KHBaHHe MOCKBOH CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa B nocneCTanHHCo Kyro 3py HaqanOCb CMan03aMemoro KeCTa B HIOne 1953 r npegcTa­ Burenb CCCP B 3KOHOMHqeCKOM H oolJ HanbHOM OOBeTe OOH oms­ BHJI qyO CCCP BHeeeT 4 MnH py6neH B nporpaMMy TeXHHqeCKOH no­ MOIr U P83BHB8lOIlUIMCS CTpaHaM 3TO 6bln nOBopoT B MHorOnemeH ooBeTcKoH onno3HD HH nOH nporpaMMe U cuman 0 Haqane eepbe3­ HblX yCHJIuH CCCP B TpeTbeM MHpe B aBrycre 1953 r ManeHKoB BbICK83an 6narOCKnOHHOCTb HH J HH U BHpMe B gOKnap e Ha eeCCHH BepxoBHoro COBeTa B ceHTs6pe 1953 r 6hm nognuCaH nJITHJIemHii ToproBhIH goroBop C MHgueH B 1954 r AC PraHHCTaH CTan nepBOH CTpaHOH TpeTberO MHpa nonyqHBmeH noene BTOPOH MUPOBOH BOH­ HhI KpegHThI OT CCCP B c peBpane 1955 r 6blno OmJIBneHO 0 nep­ BOM KPynHOM npoeKTe ooBeTcKoH 3KOHOMftqeCKOH nOMOIlUl OgHOH U3 H8HMeHee pa3BHTbIX CTpaH MHpa - 0 cTpOHTenbCme B Bxunau MeTannypmqeCKOrO KOM6HHaTa B HH J HH CTOHMOCTblO CBhnue 100 MnH gonnapoB B HIOHe 1955 r npeMbep-MHHHCTp I1Hguu Hepy HaHec HCTOPUqeCKHH BH3HT B CCCP CnyCTJI HeCKonhKO Mecs­ u eB nocnep oBana IIIHpoKO p83peKnaMHpoBaHHaJI nOe3gKa XpYmeBa H BynraHHHa B 11Hguro BHPMy U AC PraHHCTaH Hu oguu H3 3mx Ma­ HeBpoB He 6bln BOCnpHHJIT KaK Haqano oopeBHOBaHIDI Me KJJ y CBepAAep K8BaMH U KaK yrpo38 HHTepecaM CIUA HJIH 3anaguOH EBPOfibl• Ilrul eBponeHCKHX AeP KaB OKa38nOCb HeO M 0006­ Ir eHHe 17 ceHTs6ps 1955 r 0 nOgnHCaHHH goroBopa Me KJJ y HaJJ Ho­ HanHCmqeCKHM pe f HMOM eruneTCKOrO nugepa Haeepa H qexocno­ BaKUeH 0 nOCTaBKax ErunTY BOOPY KeHHH Ha 250 MnH gOnnapoB flo 3TOMy cornaweHHlO KaHp nonyqan HCTpe6menu OOBeTCKoro npoH3Bop cma MHr·15 H MHr-17 6oM6apgupoBIr HKU IfnlOlliHH-28 cpeguue U TS Kenhle TaHKU apTHJInepHHcKHe opygus nOgBOgHble nOgKH H TOpnegHble KaTepa gBa 3CMHIiD a H 6oenpunacbl 1 3 Qc pH JJ HanhHO BoeHHblM nOCTaBII UlKOM 6bma qexocnoBaKHJI HO qepe3 HeCKonbKO MeCJIu eB Haeep npU3Han qyO neperoBoPbl 06 3TOM oornaweHHH Ha caMOM Aene Ben CCCP H3Becme 06 3TOM gOroBOpe BhI3BanO rny60Kyro 03a60qeH­ HOCTb B 3anagHblX CTOnHD 8X BoeHHble nOCTaBKH 03Haqanu HOByro rOHKy Boopy KeHHii Ha BnH KHeM BOCToKe H yCHnHBanH HanPS KeH­ HOCTb B 3TOM paiioHe - 06 3TOM npe uynpe KganH raponbg MaK­ MHnnaH H Il KOH IloCTep llannec Ho CT8BKOH 6blno HeqyO 6onbmee qeM ooxpaHeHHe pemOH8nhHOro 6anaHca COBeTcKHH COI03 npeogo­ neB CAep KHBalOllUIe creHbI BargagCKOrO naKTa 06pamn nOCT8BKH opy KHJI B 3 l c peKTHBHhIH HHCTPYMeHT nOBopOTa perHOHanbHOH HanpIDJreHHOCm B CBOIO nonb3y CeHTS6phCKoe C006Ir eHHe BbI3Bano 3Hry3H83M p8 J HKanbHbIX apa6CKHX H8D HOHanHCTOB Beero 6nH KHe­ BOCTOllHoro pemOHa U OTKPblnO J JIS TpeT ero MHpa anhTepHaTHBY BoeHHOH 3aBUCHMOCm OT 3anaga XpYmeB CCPOpMYfiHPOB8n HOBhIH nogxog K H8JJ HOHan HO­ oCBo60 J HTenbHhIM gBH KeHHJIM B TpeT eM MHpe Ha XX C'be3p e KnCC B 1956 r OR rOBOpHJI 0 B03HHKHOBeHHH Ha MHPOBOH apeHe rpynnhI MHponlO6HBblx rOCYA8pcTB EBponbl H A3HH npoB03rnacHB­ IllHX HenpHooeguueHHe K 6nOKSM npHHJJ HnOM CBoeH BHeIIIHeH no­ nUTHKU • HenpHooeguHHBIllHecs rocyp apcma ooBMecmo C OOlJ Ha­ nHCTUqeCKHMH CTpaHaMH 06P830BanH IllHpoKyro lORy MHpa XpYmeB geT8nbHO omscHHJI 3H8qeHHe geKOnOHH3 roIJI OOBeTC' KOH BHeIIIHeii nOnUTHKH l1POHCXO J jJIr uH pacnag KOnOHHanbHOH CUCTeMbl HMne­ pHanH3Ma SBnJIeTCS BCeMHPHOUCTOpuqecKHM oo6blmeM nocneBoeHHoro nepuop a 36 37 HaCTYmm npeACKa3aHHbIH JIeHHHbIM HOBhlH nepHOA MH­ POBOH HCrOpHH KOfAa HapO 1 h1 BocrOKa HanpaBJIeHHH COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCraBOK B CTpaHbI npHHHMaror rperhefo MHpa H pa3MephI 3THX nOCraBOK HeCOMHeHHO YKa­ aKrHBHOe yqacrHe B peWeHHH cYAe6 BcefO MHpa CraHo­ 3hIBaIOr Ha nepeMeHhI B nOJIHTHKe CCCP noene BRTCH HOBhIM MOWHbIM paKrOPOM Me l JJyHapOIJ HbIX or­ 1955 f no 3rOfO BpeMeHH BoeHHble nOCTaBKH B crpaHbI rperhe­ HoweHHH••• ro Teneph HM He H KHO HATH 3a COBpeMeHHhIM o60PYAOBa­ MHpa fibIJIH He3HallHTenhHhlMH H npeAHa 3HallaJIHCb HCKJIIOlIHrenhHO COIJ HllJIHCTHqeCKHM CTpaHaM fJ1aBHhIM 06­ HHeM Ha nOKJIOH K CBOHM 6hIBWHM yrHerareIDIM TaKoe palOM COBepHoH Kopee KpynHoe YBeJIHqeHHe norOKa ofiopYAOBaHHe OHH Moryr nOnytIHTh B crpaH3X COUHaJIH3Ma Boop eHHif He paCnnaqHBaHCh 3a 3ro HHKaKHMH 06JI3areJIhCrBaMH no­ nOCJIe B HenpHCoeAHHHBIIIHecH crpaHbI HallaJIOCh 1955 f l 5 JIHTHlIecKoro HllH BoeHHOfO xapaKrepa CaM paKr cymecrBOBaHIDl COBerCKoro COI03a H APyrHX B AOnOJIHeHHe K npoAOJI l aBIIIHMC1I BoeHHblM nOCraBKaM 6hlJlH 1956 f B I1paK H I1H 1 OHe3HIO B 1958 f 1960-1964 rf erne 11 fOCYAaPCTB nonyllHJlH CTpaH cOIJ HllJIHCTH1IeCKOrO narep1l HX forOBHOCTh nOMOllh B ErHlleT CHPHIO H ReMeH COBerCKHe BOOpY l eHHH BnepBhle CJIafiOpa3BHThIM crpaHaM B HX npOMhlIWIeHHOM pa3BHTHH nOCTaBneHhI B A praHHCTaH B Ha YCJIOBIDlX paBHonpaBIDl H B3aHMHOH BhIrOAhl HBl1JlerCH B fBHHeIO B cephe3HOH nperpaAOH Ha nyrH KOJIOHHaJIhHOH nOJIHrHKH 14 coBeTcKyro BoeHHyro nOMornh 16 llaHHhle 0 ee pa3Mepax BaphHpyror AHanofH'lHhIe ofiH3areJIhCTBa B nOMep KKY HaUHOHaJIhHO­ oCBo60AHTeJIhHhIX ABIDICeHHif HMeIOrCH B OTllemOM AOKJIaAe UK Ha BceX Che3Aax KTICC noene 1956 f a raK I e B MHOrOllHCneHHhIX 1959 f B HO ofirna1l CYMMa COBerCKHX BoeHHhIX nOCTaBOK HenpHcoeAHHHB­ IIIHMCH CTpaHaM B 1954-1964 ff npeBhICHJIa 2 1 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB Kpyrocrb nOBopora coBeTcKoH BHelllHeH nOJIHTHKH no omoweHHIO 80% KOMMeHrapIDlx COBerCKHX CpeACTB MaccoBoH HH POPMarum H B K CTpaHaM rpeThefO MHpa HJIJIIOCTpHpyerC1l TeM lITO OKono HayqHhIx pa60rax COBerCKHX aBropoB TIoene cornaweHHH 0 BoeHHhlX nOCraBKax EmnTY BJIH fCHHi COBeTCKOfO BoeHHoro 3KCllopra B HeKoMMYHHCTHqeCKHM rOCY 1 apCTBaM Korophle 3aHHMaJIH HHlITO l ­ 1954-1964 fr npeAHa3HallaJIOCb BocroK OKOJIO ABa JmaTH JIer ocraBanC1I neHrpoM COBerCKHX YCH­ HO MaJIoe Mecro B 06rneH KapTHHe COBercKHX BoeHHhlX nOCTaBOK JIHH no corpYAHHqeCTBY C HaUHOHaJIhHO-DCBo60AHTenhHhIMH ABIDICe· HIDlMH B rpeTheM MHpe BeneA 3a EfHDTOM noJIY'DtllH COBerCKoe AO op e CHpHH H ReMeH CHPHH 3aKJIIOlIHlla cornaweHHe C TIparoH mOHanhHbIx KOH pJIHKraX 3a npeAeJIaMH rpaAHUHOmthlX B HallaJIe 1956 r H B Mapre Ha'lllJIHCh nOCraBKH opy I ID qepe3 1955 f TIPH XpymeBe CCCP HallaJI yrBep l AaTl CBoe BJIHJlHHe B pe­ rpaHHn POCCHHCKHX BoeHHhIX HHTepecoB TIo KOHTpaCTY co CTaJIHHCKOH Emner nOCKOJIhKY CHPHH He o6naAana fpY30BhIMH nopraMH 3poH B 60nbIIIHHcTBe enyqaeB CCCP npHHHMan CTOPOHy HeKoMMY­ npHrOIJ HbIMH WJH nOJIyqeHIDl Boop eHHH AHaJIOrH'lHOe corJIawe· HHCTHqeCKHX pe I HMOB O 1 HaKo Macwra6hl COBerCKOfO yqaCTHH HHe fibUlO 3aKJIIOQeHO C ReMeHOM KYAa cranH AOCTaBl1JlTh opY l He B KOH pJIHKTaX CTpaH rpeThero MHpa B paCCMaTpHBaeMhlH nepHoA 1956 f l £exoenoBanKHe H COBerCKHe BoeHHbIe COBerHHKH OCTaBanHCb BeCbMa YMepeHHhIMH B OCo6eHHOCTH eCJIH yqHThlBaTb B oKrHfipe fihIJIH HallpaBJIeHhI B EfHller CHPHIO H ReMeH AJIH HHCTpYKr no ofiparneHHIO C cOBercKoH BoeHHoH reXHHKoH H 06yqeHHIO mUlO- rOJIl KO COBerCKoe opy l He B AeHCTBHTeJIhHOCTH HCllOJIl 3yeMoe B 60eBhlx AeHCTBHHx TaK COBeTCKHe BoeHHhle nOCraBKH apaficKHM CTpaHaM nOCJIY I HllH OAHOH H3 npHlIHH HanpJDKeHHOCTH nepeA TOB ne6IOr MOCKBhI B POJIH nOCTaBInHKa opy I ID Ha BJIH l HeM BoCToKe OTKphlJI HOByro 3PY B coBerCKoH BHewHeH nOJIHTHKe 3KCllopr BoopY I eHHH H3 COBercKofo COI03a H crpaH BocrOllHoH 1955 CY3nKOH BOOOH OKTH6pb-H01l6pb 1956 f OAHaKO BoopyaceHHH nonyQeHHbIe no 3THM nOCraBKaM He HCnOJII 30BaJIHCh B XOAe BOOhl TOllHO TaK l e TameH H rJDKeJIaH apTHJIJIepHH nonyqeHHbIe OT CCCP r 3HallHTeJIhHO YBeJIHlIHllC1I TIo YTBep l 1 eHHIO HeMeHCKHM HMaMOM AxMeAOM OCTaBaJIHCh 003 ynorpe6neHHH BO CrOKfOJIhMCKOrO Me l 1 yHapoAHOro HHCTHryra MHpHbIX HceneAOBa­ BpeM1l nOfpaHH'lHbIX CTOJIKHoBeHHif Me l 1 y ReMeHOM H AAeHOM B EBPODhl noene HHH 38 39 1957-1959 IT COBeTCKOe BOeHHOe YlJacme B KpH3Hce B Komo or­ paHH'IHJlOCb B OCHOBHOM nOCTaBKOH H3 HHX KOBoro 5 JIeT3JIH 15 TpaHcnopTHbIX caMOJIeTOB non cpJIarOM OOH a TaKlKe nOCTaBKaMH CTpeJI­ op ' KIDI MocKBa AOCTaBHJIa 300 TaHKOB H HeCKOJIbKO MMfoB AJI KHpY BO BpeMH ero KOPOTKOH nOrpaHHtlHOH BOHm J C MapoKKo B 1963 r ororaKO KOHCPJIHKT 6blJI 38KOHqeH cnHlllKOM 6bICTPO rr n H Toro lIT06bl 3TH BoopY KeHWI CblrpanH B HeM cymeCT­ CaMYlO 3HaquTeJIbHym coBeTcKym BoeHHylO nOMOIl b H3 Bcex CTpaH TpeTbero MHpa yqaCTBOBaBlIlHX B KOHcpJIHKTax nOJIY'IH1Ia 1958·1965 HH noHe3HH Tyna B rr 6blJIO HanpaBJIeHO Boop eHHH 1 MJlPn n OJIJIapoB 3TO Boop eHHe nperor83HaqanOCb IJJIH no p KKH CYKapHO B TpeX CYMaTpe 1958-1960 KOHCPJIHKTax B BOCCTaHHH Ha rr B 60Pb6e npOTHB rOlIJIaHACKoro npHCYT­ 1961-1962 IT H B fpoMH ManaibHlO 1963­ CTBWI B 3anaroroM Hpmme HOBaR fBHHeH KaMnaHHH 1965 nOJlyquBllIeH Ha3BaHHe IT llpH 3HaquyenbHocm COBeTCKoro BKJI8A8 60JIbIIIaH lJaCTb COBeTCKHX BoopY KeHHii He HCnOJIb30BanaCb B BoeHHbIX n eHCTBHHX BOCCTaHHe Ha CYMaTpe - HaH60JIee Cepbe3HbIH H3 Tpex KOHCPJIHK­ 6blJIO nOA3BJIeHO rJIaBHbIM 06pa30M op eM KOTOPblM TOB - CYKapHO Y Ke o6JIanan K TOMY BpeMeHH a BoeHHoe BMellIaTeJIbCTBO HHAOHe3HH B OCTaJIbHble ABa KOHcpJIHKTa BbIpa3HJIOCb B HecKOJIb­ 1960·1961 rr COBeTcKHH COlO3 npHHHJI yqacme B KOH­ CPJIHKTaX B Komo H B Jlaoce Pa3MepbI COBeTcKOH BoeHHoH nOMomu B o60Hx cnYlJaHX 6blJDl YMepeHHbIMH OAHaKO AHIIJIOMamqeCKoe 3HalleHHe 3THX C06bITHH 6blJIO n OCTaTOllHO BeJIHKO YlJaCTHe B KOH­ cpJIHKTe B KOHra HalJaJIOCb JIeTOM 1960 r •• Korna MocKBa npe rr n o­ KHJIa nOMep KKY npaBHTeJIbCTBY llaTpHca JlYMYM6bI B JleonOJlbn ­ BHJIe IJJIH nOA3BJIeHHH cenapaTHCTcKoro ABH I eHWI B KaTaHre COBeTcKoe yqacme HalJaJIOCb non 3rH n oH OOH no OKa38HHlO nOMO­ mu JlYMYM6e OAH8KO npeBpamnocb B ororoCTopoHHee nocne TOro KaK npeMhep-MHHHCTp Komo BbICKa3an Heyn OBJIeTBOpeHHOCTb nOMOJUblO OOH COBeTcKoe yqaCTHe B 3TOM KpH3Hce peKJIaMHpoBa­ JIOCh XOTH Ha caMOM n eJIe COBeTCKaH nOMOIl b or anacb rnaBHbIM 06p830M nOCT3BKOH rpY30BHKOB CTpenKoBoro 0pY KHH a TaK Ke npen OCTaBJIeHHeM TpaHcnOpTHbIX caMOlIeTOB B p83rap KpH3Hca JlYMYM6a B pe3YJIbTaTe nepeBopoTa 6blJI cBepmyT Hero 40 BbIcnan COBeTCKHX npen CT3BHTeJIeH AaJI H3 MocKBe B03­ MO KHOCTb BnepDbIe npon eMoHcTpHpOBaTb CBOH CHJIbI B cy6caxapc­ KOM KOHcpJIHKTe npenOn 3B acppHKaHCKHM HalUfOHaJIHCTaM 3anOMH­ HalOIl HHCH ypoK COBeTCKoe yqacme B r CKoH BoiI He B Jlaoce B 1961 1960­ rr TO Ke 6blJIO BeCbM8 YMepeHHbIM - BOeHHaH nOMOIl b ooo e Jlao orpaHH'IHJlaCb nOCTaBKOH CTpeJIKOBOrO oP ' KIDI Ha HeCKOJIbKO MHJIJIHOHOB n OJIJIapoB ororaKO 3TO 6blJIa B03MO KH0 H8H60JIee ycnelliHaR B nOJlHTHlleCKOM OTHOllIeHHH nODbITKa BoeHHoH nOMomu npe n npHHHTaH npH XpYIl eBe COBeTcKHH B03AYllIHbIH MOCT BKJIlO­ quBllIHH caMOJIeTbI nepenpaBJIeHHbIe H3 Komo n03BOJIHJI ooo eAH­ HeHHOMY cPpomy pa3rpOMHTb nOMep KH8aeMble COeAHHeHHbIMH ffiTaTaMH CHJIbI reHepana ClIYMH HOC3BaHa H n 06HTbCH KOHTPOJIH Han 80% TeppHTOpHH CTpaHbI K MalO 1961 r 3a HeCKOJIbKO MeCHAeB n eHCTBHH B03 n yIllHoro MOCTa llOJlHTHlleCKHe nocnen CTBHH 3THX C06blTHH OKa3anHCb Qpe3BbllJaiI HO BbIrOAHblMH n nH MOCKBbI Coe­ AHHeHHbIe illTaTbI npeKpamnH nOMOIl b «IlyMH HoC3Baay lITO BbIHY­ AHJIO ero COrnaCHTbCH Ha C03naHHe KoanHUHOHHoro npaBHTeJIbCT­ Ba Bnocnen CTBHH 1962 r l eHeBCKHH n oroBop nO n nHCaHHbIH B HlOJIe rapaHTHpoBan HeiiTpanHTeT Jlaoca 3HaquTeJIbHO KHX onepanHHx He60nblIlHX n eCaHTHblX OTPHAOB B HeMe rr n eHHO KOHro HecMoTpH Ha Heynaqy KpH3HC B KOHro AHHeHHOMY CPPOHTY 06pa30BaHHOMY CyBaHHOH «IlyMOH H llaTeT BeHHylO POJIb 60JIee qeM Ha npeeMHHK 60JIee KpynHble nOCT3BKH 0p ' KIDI CTpaHaM TpeTbero MHpa COBeTcKHH COlO3 CAeJlan B cne n ylOIl eM ro n y Korna B pe3YJIbTaTe BOeHHOrO nepeBOpOTa B ReMeHe 6bIJI cBepI'HYT HM8M AxMe n YCKOpHB BoeHHbIe nOCT3BKH ErHnTY MOCKBa no cymeCTBY nooIl pHJIa Hacepa BMewaTbCH B r CKym BOHHy Me K D y HOBbIM pecny6JIHKaHCKHM npaBHTeJIbCTBOM ReMeHa H nneMeHHbIMH BO K ll H­ MH - CTopoHHHKaMH HMaMa OAH8KO nOKa Y BJIaCTH OCTaBanCH XpYIl eB COBeTCKoe YlJaCTHe B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe 6blJIO KOCBeHHbIM H BeH BOeHHaR nOMOJUb pecrry6JIHKaHCKHM CHJIaM oCYIl ecTBJlHJIaCb Qepe3 Kaup Ky6HHcKHH paKeTHbIH KpH3HC 6ePJIHHCKHH KpH3HC H PHA MeHee 3HaquyeJIbHblX BoiI H H KpH3HCOB YCHJIHJIH HanpIDICeHHOcTb Me K D y CillA H CCCP H C03A3BanH BnelJaTJIeHHe lITO MHp nepe KH­ BaeT HCKJIlOquTeJIbHO onaCHbIH nepHOn 3Kcu eHTpHllHaR yrPO K8m­ maR MaHepa nOBen eHHH XpymeBa yCHJIHBana 3TO Bne'llameHHe 41 H 3aIIaA TaK I e KaK H BoCTOK HCIlbITaJI HeKOTOpoe o6neI'1l eHHe KOrAll Xpyw eB 6bDI m nEPUO ll 3apo I J eHHe COBeTCKoA rno68JIhBoA J OKTpHHLl 196S-1972rr CBeprnyT KOJUleKTHBOM J OBOJIbHO yHbDIO Bblrns neBlllHX aImapaTlIHKOB O J HaKO OKa3aJIOCb 'ITO COBeTCKaJI BOeHHaJI aKTHBHOCTb B CTpaH3X TpeThero MHpa npH Xpyw eBe 6bDIa llPHXO J K BJIaCTH Bpe JKHeBa H KOChlrHHa B OKTJl6pe 1964 r ropa3 J O MeHhweH no MaCIlITa6aM H HMeJIa ropa3 J 0 60JIee YMepeH­ nOXO l e 03HaMeHOBaJI HaqaJIO TpeTbeH lj albI COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro Hhle 1j 0PMhl lleM B nocne J OBaBlllHe ro J bl llpH Xpyw eBe CCCP yqaCTM B KOHIj JIHKTaX TpeTherO MHpa Ha erne He o6naAan J OCTaTO'lHhlMH BOOHHbIMH B03MO I HOCTJlMH BKJllO­ MapTe XXIII C'be3 J e KnCC B 1966 r Bpe JKHeB BblCTynHJI C He06blqaHHO pe3KHM H npoCT­ 'l3 II BbIrO J HhlH 6aJIaHC crpaTerHqeCKHX MepHhIX BooPY'KeHHil J JI II paHHbIM 33 IIBJIeHHeM nO J TBep I J 3BlllHM cOBeTcKYIO nO J J ep I Ky B BHymHTeJIbHOH J eMOHCTpaIJ HH CBoeH MOmH 33 py6e JKaMH CTpaHhl Ha HOHanbHO-OCB060 J HTeJIbHblX BOHH3X PaAHKaJIbHOCTb peaJIHC­ COBeTCKoe PYKOBO J CTBO He06xO J HMoCTh THqeCKOH nOJIHTHKH HOBoro PYKOBO J CTBa npo IIBWIaCb B rOTOBHOC­ H3MeHeHH II noro nOJIO l eHH II J llJl npH06peTeHH II MOCKBOH Me l J y­ TH OKalblBaTb MarepHaJIbayro nOMOrnb J 3 I e BOOHHbIM npaBHTem cr­ aapo J Horo BJIH IIHH II OqeBH J HO cpaBHHMoro OC03HaJIO C TeM KOTOphlM nOJIb3yeTcJI Ba u lHHTTOH TOMac BaM H KOHeepBaTHBHhIM pe JKHMaM TpeTberO MHpa ecnH 3TO lIDIO aa nOJIb3y HHTepecaM CCCP Boo «p OTHOCHT HaqaJIO COBeTCKHX YCHJlHH no npH06pe­ B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH 3KcnOpT opY'fCH II B CTpaHbl TpeTberO MHpa COCTaBWI npH6nH3HTeJILHO 6 5 TeHHIO rno6aJIbHoH BOOHHO-nOJIHtHqeCKOH MaHeBpeHHOCTH K aaqa­ MlIP J · J OJIJIapoBj ny 1960-x rO J OB COBeTcKoro COI033 llaKHCTaH MpaH erne eeMb CTpaH CTaJIH rronyqaTb opY JKHe H3 IO l HbIH ReMeH 31j HOIIHJI HHrepH II KHop H Yr3HA l He60JIblllHe nO l epTBOB3HH II nOJIYTBlJIH JImnb nOCTeneHHO K KOHn ' J eC IITHJIeTHerO npaBJIeHH II Xpyw eBa CTaJIa JICHa He06xo J HMOCTb B 60JIee nO J BH I ­ HhlX H rn6KHX CHJIax KaK J JIJI ymep f J eHH II COBeTCKoro npHcyrCTBH II B OT J 3JIeHHblX paHOHax nOJIHTHqeCKOrO COnepHHlleCTBa TaK H J ll II B03MO JKHOrO HCllOJIb30B3HH II B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIj JIHKTax B KOTOPbIX 6bDIO 6bI He e­ JIeC006pa3HO npHMeH IITb yrP03Y HeMe J JIeuaoro MepHQ­ ro HCTpe6neHH II 18 HOBaJI nOJIHTHKa HaqaJIa npuaOCHTb 3aMeTHbIe llJIO J bl JlHWl K KO J eCHTHlIeTH II O J HaKO pa3BepTblBaHHe COBeTCKHX Me l l OH­ THHeHTaJIbHbIX JI J ePHblX paKeT 3HaTBITeJIbHO YCKOpHJIOCb rrocne KYWHCKoro paKemoro KpH3Hca Ko BpeMeHH OTCTpaHeHM Xpyw e­ Ba OT BJIaCTH lIHcneuaOCTh COBeTCKHX Me l l OHTHHeHTaJILHhIX 6aJI­ JIHCTHIIeCKHX paKeT nO'ITH B TpH pa3a npeBhlwana 3TOT nOKalareJIb 1962 r 200 no cpasHeHHIO C 75 TaK I e MaBPHTaHH II H Hapo J HaJI pecny6nHKa KOHro 19 HOBhle COBeTCKHe JIH J epbI J OKalaJIH CBOIO 6oJIbwyro no cpasHeHHIO C XpymeBblM CMeJIOCTb B HCnOJIb30BaHHH BoeHHbIX CHJI H nOMOrnH J JIJI npH06peTeHH II nOJIHTHqeCKoro BJIH IfHH II B TpeTbeM MHpe MacwTa6bI COBeTCKoro Boeuaoro yqacTM B JIOKaJIbHbIX KOHIj JIHK­ Tax Ha npoTJI JKeHHH TpeTherO nepHOAll 3aaTBITeJIbHO yseJIHlIHJIHCb no cpasHeHHIO co BTOPbIM nepuO J OM B 1965-1972 rr COBeTCKHH COI03 pa3BWI H paCIlIHpWI CBOH rrporpaMMbI BOOHHOH nOMOmH ycoBepweHCTBOBaJI B03MO JKHOCTH MOPCKHX H B03 J yWHhIX J OCTaBOK H J 06WIC II nporpecca B pa3Mepax H KaqeCTBe CHOHX y J apHhlx CHJI COBeTcKHH Ij JIOT yseJIHTBlJICJI H paCIlIHpWI reorpalj uqecKH CBOH pyrHHHhle onepaIJ HH XOTJI B B03­ MO JKHOCTJlX J eMOHCTp3 HH CWIbI CCCP Bee erne 3aaTBITeJIbHO OTCTa­ BaJI OT COe J HHeHHblX IIITaTOB J OCTHrHYThle HM ycnexu C J eJIaJIH COBeTCKoe npHCYTCTBHe BO BpeMJI KOHIj JIHKTOB B reorpalj H'IeCKH OT J 3JIeHHbIX paHOHax ropa3 J o 60JIee ornyrHMbIM llOCKOJIbKY 3H3TB1reJILHaJI qaCTb BHOBb C03 J 3HHhIX CWI He HMeJIa cyw eCTBeHHoro lHaqeHH II J JI II o60poHbI CTpaHbI Hallp3lllHBaeTCJI BhlBO J 'ITO OHH 6blJlH C03 J 3Hbl J JIJI YCHJIeHH II BJIH IfHH II KpeMJI II H3 co6hlTH II B OT J 3JIeHHhlx paHoHax MHpa B no l e BpeM II COBeTcKHH COI03 J 06WICJI cyw ecTBeHHoro H3MeHeHH II MepHoro 6aJIaHca C CIIIA 42 43 YBeJIH'lHB paKeT C 1972 r CBOH 270 Me OHTlrn eHTaIlhHbIX 6amIHCTHlJeCI HX apceHaII 1965 1500 HCXOAY JIOI aIlbHOrO I OH pJIHI Ta XauOH nonyqaJI opY KHe H OT B IUlTaH OAHaKO nOAaBJIJllOlUaH AOJIJI BoeHHoro CHapJI KeHHJI 6hUIa lJHCJIeHHOCTh COBeTCI HX 6amlHCmlJeCI HX paKeT Ha noll ­ nOJ1ylJeHa H3 COBeTCI OrO COI03a 1I0 aMepHI aHCI HM pa3BeAhma­ nyCI OBhIX YCTaHOBOI B BOAHhIX JIOAI ax B03pOCJIa co 120 AO r AO 60JIee lJeM 560 1loCTIDKeHHe J4l peI THB­ Horo JlAepHoro napHTeTa 003 COMHeHHJl yKpellHJIO YBepeHHOCTh TeJIbHbIM AaHHbIM Ha npOTJI KeHHH no I paHHeH Mepe 1971 r Ce­ BepHhIii BbeTHaM HeCMOTpJl Ha aMepHKaHCI He B03lJ YIDHbIe 6oM6ap­ COBeTCI OrO PyKOBOACTBa H C03AaJIO COBeTCI OMY COI03Y penytawno AHpoBI H HH pa3Y He HCDhITaJl HeAocTaTKa B op 6oenpHDacax CBepXAep KaBhl IIITaTaMH 3TO CHH3HJIO PHCI OBaHHOCTh COBeTCI OrO BMewaTeJIhCTBa TpaHcnOpTHhlX cpeACTBax HJIH APyrHX BHAaX BoeHHoro CHapJI Ke­ HH JI 20 MaIlOBepoJimo 'llT06hl 6e3 COBeTCI OH BoeHHoH nOMO­ B JIOI aIlhHhle I OH pJIHI ThI nOCI OJIbI Y COeAHHeHHhle IIITaThI ytpa­ lUH CeBepHbIH BhemaM B COlO3e C naprn3aHCI HMH CHJlaMH lO KHoro THB pemaIOlUee JlAepHoe npeBocXOACTBO BPHA JIH CTaIlH 6hl npeA­ BbeTHaMa CMor OAep KaTh no6eAY B BoiiHe CTOJIlUeH Ha OAHOM ypOBHe C CoeAHHeHHhlMH npHHHMaTh MaCCHpoBaHHhle I apaTeJIbHble MephI 1I0CJIe BH3HTa npeAceA3TeJIJI COB eTa MHHHCTpoB CCCP KOChI­ rHHa B XauOH B peBpaIle 1965 r 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlJHJIaCb BOeHHaH nOMOlUh CCCP CeBepHoMY BbemaMY MOCI Ba H lIeI HH CHa6 Ka­ JIH CeBepHhIH BWTHaM opY KHeM H AO 1965 r HO nOCJIe Tom I aK HeCMOTpJl 1965-1972 orpoMHble pa3Mephl nOMolUH BbeTHaMY B rr COBeTCI Oe PyKOBOACTBO B TOT nepHoA He 3aTpYA­ HJIllOCh B npeAOCTaBJIeHHH B 60JIbllIHX MaCIIITa6ax Boo eHHH apa6CI HM rocYAapcTBaM H He npeI palUaJIO BoeHHoe BMemaTeJIhCTBO B APYrHe CTpaHhl TpeTbero MHpa COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbl npH npe3HAeHTe ll KoHcoHe CTaIlH 3HalJHTeJIbHO YBeJIHlIHBaTh CBOH Ha3eMHbIe BoeHHhle CHJIhI BO BWTHaMe COBeTe­ Ha EfHDeT HaKaDJlHBaBllIHH COBeTCI He Boopy KeHHJl 60JIee AeCJlTHJIeTHJI nOCJIe CY3UI OM BOiimI nOTepJIJI 6oJIhIDyro HX 'laCTh B 1967 I aH nOMOlUb CeBepHOMY BWTHaMY pe3I 0 B03poCJIa BCTynrreHHe meCTHAHeBHOH BOHHe C 3paW1eM B HIOHe COeAHHeHHhlX 1IITaToB B BoiiHy I pynHoro MaCIIITaOa npeBpaTHJIO HOCHOCTH 3Tom I OH pJIHI Ta CCCP He CMor HaJlaAHTb B03JJ YIIIJlbIii r s-3a MOJIHHe­ AJl I AOCTaBI H BOOpY KeHHH apa6cI HM CTpaHaM AOnOJIHH­ lfHAOI HTaH B rnaBHYIO apeHY conepHHlJeCTBa CBepXAep K3B H HHTeH­ MOCT CH PH POBaIlO I HTaHCI O-COBeTCI Oe COnepHHlJeCTBO 3a BJIHJlHHe B TeJIhHhle nOCTaBI H 1 TIJI B03MelUeHHJI ErHOTY ero nOTeph AOCTHfJIH Xauoe Hecnoco6HOCTb OO30TI a3HO CHa6 K3Tb CeBepHbIH BwmaM nyHI Ta Ha3HalJeHHJl y Ke nOCJ1e npeI paIUeHHJl orHJI B 3THX 06croJl­ op eM CAeJIaIla 6hl CCCP YJl3BHMhIM AJl I 06BHHeHHH co CTOPOHbl TeJIbCTBax KpeMJ1b KHTaH B He KeJIaHHH nOAAep KHBaTh HaUHOHaJIhHO-oCB060AHTeJIbHble 6eCCHJIbHOH PHTOpHKOH Pa3rpoM ErHDTa CTaII AJlJl CCCP I aTaCTpo­ BhIH eH 6bIJI orpaHHlJHThcJI rpo3HOH HO ABH KeHHJl H Morna 6hl nOAopBaTh COBeTCI HH npecTH K cpeAH KOM­ pOM MYHHCTHlJeCI HX napTHH BO BceM MHpe Ha caMOM AeJIe conepHH­ MOCI Ba He CMoma B KalJeCTBe OCHOBHOro COI03HHI a apa60B nOBep­ AJl I AJl I BCTynrreHHJl B nOT KOH pJIHI T B POJIH nOCTaB­ Hyth BCMTb XOA co6hITHii H BepHytb ytpalJeHHhle apa6cI He TeppH­ lJeCTBO C lIeKHHoM B03MO KH0 6bUIO ropa3AO 60JIee Ba KHbiM CCCP paKTOPOM COBeTCI oe BJlHJIHHe B KaHpe 6hIJIO nOAopBaHO nOCI OJIhI y TOPHH HeCMOTpJl Ha meCTHJIeTHHe YCMHJl OAHaKO B I paTI O­ IUHKa opY KHJl lJeM COnepHHlJeCTBO C BamHHrTOHOM HO B TO Ke BpeMeHHOH nepcneI THBe 3TO nOp3 KeHHe CTHMYJIHPOBaJIO BpeMJI 3Ta BoiiHa npeAOCTaBHJIa 6TIeCTJlIUYIO B03MO KHOCTh BbIHY­ paCIIlHpeHHe COBeTCI Oro npHCytCTBHJl Ha DJIH KHeM BoCTOI e 1I0 3 pe3I Oe AHTh COeAHHeHHhle 1IITaTbI cKoHUeHTpHpoBaTb CBOH CHJIhI Ha BheT­ SaMe laHHIO ArmHH3 HaMe H nOHm Ha rpaHAH03Hble pHHaHCOBble nOJ1HTHlJeCI He HMO­ COBeTCI O-efHDeTCI He OTHOmeHHJl lfHTeHcHBHhIH nOTOK COBeTCI OM paJIhHhle H3Aep H 1 TIJI 3aIUHTbI CTpaHbI BTopoCTeneHHoro CTpaTe­ rH leCKOrO 3HalJeHHJl C HHJI B 1965 r 1972 r Py6HHIlITeiiHa DOp3 KeHHe BHAOH3MeHHJIO nOMOlllH nOCJIe HIOHhCI OH BOHHbl BOCCTaHOBHJI BoeHHbIH nOreH aII ErHDTa H O l K8HJI B3aHMOOmOllIeHHJI Me KJJ y 3mMH CTpauaMH Ha H AO nOAllHcaHHJI lIapH KcKoro MHpHOrO comawe­ Bcex ypoBHJlX 21 COBeTCI HH COlO3 AOCTaBHJI B CeBepHhIH BWTHaM MaCIlITa6ax H BoeHHble COBeTHHI H XJIhIHYBllIHe B ErHneT nOCJIe op 60JIee leM Ha 3 COBeTCKHe nOCTaBI H opy KHJl B orpoMHblx MJIPA AOJIJIapoB 3TO 6hUIa I pyIIHeHmaH I OH pJIHKTa BO MHoro pa3 npeBoCXOAHJIH JII060e Apyroe npoHHK­ COBeTCI aH onepaUHJl H npH TOM OAHa H3 HaH6OJ1ee ycnemHblx no HOBeHHe COBeTCI HX CM sa npeAeJIbI EBPa3HHCI OrO MaTepHKa CTOH­ 44 45 MOCTh BOOpY Kemm nOCTaBneHHbIX CCCP ErunTY B 1967-1973 rr•• COBeTCKoe BrOp KeHHe B qexocnoBaKHlO B aBrycre 1968 r aa npeBhIIII3J1a 4 5 MnpA AonnapoB KorAl Hacep nocne WeC1'H ll HeBHOii BOHHbI BhIBen CBOH BOHcKa HeKOTOphIMH CTpaHaMH TpeTberO MHpa no SToro BrOp KeHHH 3ana o H3 AeMeHa CCCP MrHOBeHHO 33J1onHHn OOPalOBaBWHHCH BaKYYM B OCHOBHOM npHAep KHB3J1CH MHeHHH 'ITO HOBoe COBeTCKoe PYKo­ B3HB Ha ceM ponh rnaBHOrO nOCTaBlI HKa oPY KHH H onophI pecnyG­ JlHKaHCKOro pe KHMa CaHbI OpraHH30B3J1 OhICTPyro AOCTaBKY no BOACTBO Y Ke MHHOB3J10 aran HcnOnb30BaHHH rpy60H CHnhI no OT­ HoweHHIO K CTpaHaM BOCr01lHOH EBponhIj OKKynaIJ llH qexocnoBa­ B03AYXY H MOpeM Ml1foB H TaHKOB nOAocneBWHX BOBpeMH '11'06101 cnaCTH CTonHUY AeMeHa OT ceMHAeCHTHp HeBHOH GnOKaAhI KHH BbIHyAHna 33J1aA nepeCMorpeTb CBOlO r011KY 3peHHH Ha u eJlH H 3aAa'IH COBeTCKOH BHeWHeH nOJlHrHKH H 3aMeAllHna H oe3 roro poHnHCTCKHX CHn I1CTHHHoe 3Ha'leHHe SToro KOH pnHKTa YManHeTCH repHBIIIylO TeMDhl pa3pHAKY Me KAY BocrOKOM H 3anaAOM qexo­ BcneACTBHe ero M3J10H H3BeCTHOCTH HO rpa KAaHcKaH BoiiHa B AeMeHe ol lna nepBhIM cnyqaeM KorAa COBeTCKHe CWIhI cnaCJlH naIJ llH BhIXOAHr 3a paMKH AaHHoro HccneAOBaHHH O ll HaKO B BoeH­ OT HeMHHyeMoro BoeHHoro palrpoMa HeKoMMYHHCTH'IeCKHH pe KHM 3Ta BOHHa 6hma TaK Ke nepBhIM B nocneBoeHHbIH nepHOA nOAT­ KaKOe-TO BpeMH Hcnoprnno OTHOlIIeHHH CCCP C 33J1aAOM H C cnoBaKHH He npHH8AlIe KHT K rpeTheMY MHpy H noroMY ee OKKY­ HOM OTHOlIIeHHH MO KHO H 3AeCh npocneAHTb raKTHKY aH3J10rH'lHYlO n03 1 e Hcnonh30BaHHOH MOCKBOH B A praHHcraHe SneMeHT BHe3an­ Bep ll eHHhIM npHMepoM Y'laCTHH COBeTCKHX nHnOTOB B 60eBblx HOCTH B03 D ylIIHbIH AeCaHT AlIH 3aXBara H YKpeIllIeHHH KnIO'IeBbIX AeHCTBHHx B KOH pnHKTe B TpeT eM MHpe Bpe KHeB H KochIrHH npoHBHnH nOnHTH'IeCKHH nparMaTH3M n03Hu Hii p3J1bCH pHKaIJ HH npoChGhI B cnyqae C A praHHCTaHOM - 0 nOMOIIIH H C03AaHHe paSBHTHe nOCT paKTyM AOKrpHHbl BO BpeMH rpa KAaHCKOH BOHHbI B HHrepHH 1967-1970 rr KorAl onpaBAhmaroIIIeH MOCKBa nOAAep 3J1a I eAep3J1bHOe BoeHHoe npaBHTenhCTBO npoTHB COIJ 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ll Ba o u aTH CTpaH BKnlO'IaH ytBepAHBlIIHMHCH AHfiJlOMarH'leCKHMH CTaHAapraMH npeCTH Ka H pe­ qexocnoBaKHIO HO He or CCCP Op HaKO mum BenHKOOpHTaHHH nyTaIJ HH CCCP Aon KeH 0YAeT OKa3aTb nOAAep KKY STHM pe I HMaM eCJlH OHH OKa KYTCH nOA yrpo30H H COBercKHH COI03 npoHBHnH rorOBHOCTb CHaO KaTh HHrepHIO 0PY­ KHeM BO BpeMH rpa KAaHCKoii BOHHhl COBercKHe nOCTaBKH Ha'la­ JlHCb B aBryCTe 1967 r H npoAOn K3J1HCh CHHTepB3J1aMH BeCb nepHoA TaK Ha3hmaeMaH BOHHa Ha HCTOIIIeHHe Ha BnH KHeM BocToKe 1969-1970 rr AaJIa Gecnpeu eAeHTHhIH B nOCJleBOeHHhlH nepHoA BOH m t IloMHMO CTpenKOBoro oPY KHH H TpaHcnOprHblX CpeACTB CCCP nOCTaBHn HHrepHH TH KenyIO apTHJDIepHIO HCTpeOHTenH Ml1f-17 H 6oMGapAHpoBlI HKH 11 1-28 3ro Obma nepBaH KpynHaH BoeHHble COBeTHHKH Ha Bcex ypoBHHX IllIaHHPOB3J1H H rbIJlOBbIe onepaIJ llH CCCP no sKcnopTY 0PY KHH B paROH Caxaphl B A ppHKe H XOTH laroc 003 COMHeHHH BhmrpaJI ObI 3Ty BOHHy H 003 COBeTC­ Hhle paKeTHhle ycraHOBKH H BeJlH paKeTHhIH orOHh no H3paHnhCKOH Koro 0PY KHH rorOBHOCTb KpeMnH OKaJaTh nOMoIIIb I eAepanhHO­ MY BoeHHoMY npaBHTenbCTBY HHrepHH npoH3Bena nOJlO KHTenbHOe Bne'laTJleHHe B 'IepHOH A ppHKe YKpenHna COBeTCKHe CBH3H C Aep­ KaBlIIeHCH Jlpe ll e OT'IY ll eHHO HHrepHeii H nOATonKHYlla JIaroc npHMep npHMoro Y'laCTHH COBeTCKHX BoelDIocnY KaJIl HX B 60eBhlx D eHCTBHHX COBeTCKHe nHnOrhI Aen3J1H 60eBhle BbIJleTbI COBeTCKHe onepaIJ HH COBeTCKHe cneIJ H3J1HCTbI 06cnY KHB3J1H npoTHBOBo3 o yw­ aBHaIJ HH HecMOTpH Ha CTOJlh sKCTpaoPAHHapHhle YCHnHH npoAOJl­ 3J1HCb H ohmH S p peKTHBHhIMH H3paHnhcKHe B03AYIIIHhle HaneTbI Ha Eruner H MocKBa nona o ana H3-3a SToro BnpoCaK 6oJlhwe 'IeM apaobI K cepeAHHe JleTa 1970 r KOH pnHKT 3aweJl B TynHK '11'0 K nOJUlTHKe HenpHCOeAHHeHHH KOTOPOH OH npHAep KHBaeTCH AO HbIHelIIHero BpeMeHH 46 47 03HatJllJlO no cymecmy TaKTHtleCKoe nOpaJKeHHe EI'HIITa CTaJIO 3aMeTHO 'ITO Hacep BatJllJl nOHHMaTb orpaHlflJeHHOCTb B03MOX ­ HOcm COBeTCKOH nOMO H A1l II no6eW I HaA H3paHlleM Co BCTynne­ HHeM Ca l aTa Ha nOCT npe3H l eHTa ErHIITa nOCJIe CMepTH Hacepa B ceHTH6pe 1970 r nOJIBHJIHCh npH3HaKH nOCTeneHHOro 1JhlCBo­ 60 K l eHHH ErHIITa H3-nOA BJIHHHHH MOCKBbI 9 aBryCTa CCCP H Pa yro BanpJIx eHHOCTb COBeTCKo-emoeTCKHX OTHOllIeHHH 1971 r COBeTCKO­ nOADHCaJIH tJ oroBop 0 APyx 6e BOCTOIIHOM llaKHCTaHe ero nOADHCaHHe YCKOPHJIO pa3BHTHe KOH 4 JIHKTa HIl rom cot JIa TeJIhCTBa H BpeMeHHo 3aCJIOHRJIO nOWIHCaHHe B aBrycTe HIl rom H coTpyAHHlleCTBe XOTJI nO tJ roroBKa 3Toro HallaJIaCh tJ 0 KpH3Hca B KHTas H 'ITO HMeeT AOCTaTOlIHhle rapaHTHH HeBMewa­ ChIA COBeTcKoe opyX He nOCTynaJIo B HHAuIO B TelleHHe Bcero ro rr a H ofiheM 3THX JIOCTaBOK pe3KO B03POC B HOS6­ pet nocne BBOAa B AeHcmHe B03AYWHoro MOCTa H3 CCCP H npOOhI­ 5 erHneTCKoro AoroBopa 0 Apyx 6e H coTpYHHlleCTBe H XJIhmyBII JHii THJt COBeTCKHX rpY30BhlX CYAOB tJ OCTaBJlBllIlIX OKOJIO BCJIeA 3a 3THM B ErHIIeT MaCCOBhlH nOTOK COBeTCKHX BoeHHhIX BoeHHoro cBapS' KeHHS' He3aBHCHMO OT Toro XOTeJIO JIH B tJ eHcmH­ Cne aJIHCTOB K TeJIhHOCTH coBeTcKoe pyKOBO tJ cmO HH D 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CTOHMOCTb COBeTCKlfX Boopy eHHH 3KcnopTHpOBaHHbIX CTpaHbI TpeTbero MHpa B OCOSHaB 0llH60lfHOCTb TeCHoro cOTpyAHIDleCTBa C He­ 6yp f ya3HO-HaIIHOHaJIbHbIMH JIHAepaMH B 1950-x H 1960-x rOAax COBeTCKoe PyKOBOACTBO B3HJIO Ha Boopy eHHe HOByIO CTpaTerHIO B 1970-x H 1980-x ro o ax B HeKOTOpbIX CJIy'laHX KaK HanpHMep B HpaKe CHPHH H AmKupe OHO npOAOJI f aeT nO llAep f HBaTb HeKOMMYHHC­ pe f HMbI COIIHaJIHCTIDIeCKlfX OKpaCOK Toro WIH HHoro CBoHCTBa Ho ceii'lac Kor o a Bce 60JIbille OpTo­ AOKCaJIbHbIX MapKCHCTCKO-JIeHHHCKlfX rpynn BOSHHKaeT B paSJIHlfHbIX 'IaCTHX A3HH H A PPHKH HOBbiM meMeHTOM COBeTCKOH CTpaTerHH CTaJIa nOMOIIIb KOMMyHHCTIDIeCKHM napTHHM B lfX 60pb6e sa BJIaCTb B CBOlfX CTPaRax 26 B 1973-1977 rr COCTaBHJIa npHMepHO 16 5 MJIPA AOJIJIapoB • lpyrOH aMepHKaRCKHH HCTOlfHHK Orr eHHBaeT CTOHMOCTb COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro 3KcnopTa B HaAe f HbIMH TIDIeCKHe JIbI - 1974-1978 rr B 14 8 MJIPA AOJIJIaPOB IIo nOMy HCTOlfHHKY COBeTcKHH COIOS 3KcnopTHpOBaJI 60Jlbille 60eBbIX Hcrpe6HTeJIeH 60MOOp o uPOBIIIH­ KOB TaHKOB 3eHHTHbIX H apTHJlJIepHHcKlfX opy o Hii qeM CoeAHHeH­ HbIe JIITaTbI sa nOT f e nepHOA - BoeHHbIe nOCTaBKH CCCP BO BceM MHpe npHMepHO Ha 10% npeBbICHJIH aMepHKaHCKHe HO CCCP npe­ AOCTaBJIHJI CBOHM COI03HHKaM ropasAO MeHbllle ycnyr no 06cJIY H­ BaRRIO TeXHHKH H 06yqeHHIO BoeHHoro nepcOHaJIa 'IeM CoeAHHeH­ HbIe JIITaTbI CTOKrOJIbMCKHH Me AYHapO D HbIH HHCTHTYT MHPHbIX HCCJIeAOBaHHH B ny6JIHKaIIHH 1982 r TaK f e yrBep f AaeT 'ITO Co­ BeTCKHH COIOS o60rHaJI COeAHHeHHbIe IIITaTbI H CTaJI KpynHeHIllHM MHpOBbIM 3KcnopTepoM op 28 IIa u eHHe lO f Horo BbeTHaMa B 1975 r H 60JIe3HeHHaH nepeo­ rr eHKa HaIIHOHaJIbHblX HHTepeCOB nepe l HBaBllaHCH COeAHHeHHbIMH IIITaTaMH COS o aJIH Me AYHapO D HbIH KJIHMaT B KOTOPOM CTaJIO B03­ YpOK npenOAaHHbIH COBeTCKOMY COI03Y B ErHnTe 6bITb MO­ f eT CTaJI HaH60JIee Ba f HbIM CTHMyJIOM nepeCMOTpa CTpaTerHH COBerCKHe HeYAa'lH B CYAaHe raHe HH J OHe3HH AJI l Hpe H KOHro TO f e 6es COMHeHHH CbIrpaJIH CBOIO pOJlb OAHaKO H3MeHeHHH B COBeTCKOH nOJIHTHKe CJIeAYeT paCCMaT­ pHBaTb rJIaBHbIM 06pasOM KaK TaKTIDIeCKHe OHH He 03Ha'laIOT lITO B 6YAYIIIeM MOCKBa CKOHll eHTpHpyeT Bce yCWIHH Ha nO llAep l Ke paAHKaJIbHbIX HAeOJIOrIDIeCKlfX J BH f eHHH H pe f HMOB COBeTCKoe PYKOBOACTBO OCOSHaJIO 'ITO no cnoBaM COBeTCKoro KOMMeHTaTO­ pa 60Pb6y C HMIIepHaJIH3MOM BeAyr pa3JIIDIHbIe COIIHaJIbHbIe CH- MO I HbIM COBeTcKo-Ky6HHcKoe BOiiHy AHrOJIe B Ba f HOCTb BMellaTeJlbCTBO B rpa f J aHCKYIO aHrOJIbCKOH rpa f AaHCKOH BOHHbI 1975-1976 rr BbIXO o uT o aJIeKO sa npeAeJIbI OTHOCHTeJIbHO YMepeH­ Horo cTpaTerH'leCKoro 3HaqeHHH 3TOH sanaAHoa PPHKaHCKOH CTPaHbI 3TO 6blJl nepBbIH H AO HaCTOHIIIero BpeMeHH eAHHCTBeHHbIH HC­ TOpH'leCKHH npHMep AeHCTBHTeJIbHO MaCCHpOBaHHOrO COBeTCKoro BoeHHoro BMellaTeJlbCTBa B KOH pJIHKT B IO f HOH Caxape 60JIee Toro AmoJIa JIe I HT a6COJIIOllIO sa npeAeJIaMH TPa u HlJ HOHHOH SOHbI COBeTCKlfX WIH POCCHHCKlfX HHTepecoB KpoMe TOro B AHroJIe BnepBbIe l JIH nO llAep l KH pe f HMa - KJIHeHTa CCCP - 6blJIH HCnOJIb­ 30BaHbI Ky6HHcKHe BoHcKa 54 55 fP HCKaJI Boiiua B Aurorre BerraCb Me l pY TpeMH COnepHH­ 1978 rr 6bIJIa 3uaqHTerrbHee qeM KOHiPrrHKT B AHrorre Boiiua Ha­ qalO HMH HaIQfOHarrbHo-OCB060rorrerrbHbIMH ABU I eHHHMH COB eTC­ qaJIaCb HacTynrreHHeM COMaJIH rreTOM KuH COlO3 nOMep I HBaJI HaH60rree yp6aHHcTUtleCKoe no 11 yxy H rryq­ CHaqarra JIbITaJICH nOMep l HBaTb TeCHbIe CBH30 0 C COMaJIH Ha npo­ 1977 r COBeTcKHH COlO3 llIe 11 pyrux OpraHH30BaHHOe MapKCHCTCKoe ABU I eHHe MTIJIA C TH I eHHH MHorux rreT 3Ta CTpaHa 6bIJIa 6rru3KOM COI03HHKOM CCCP KOTOPbIM Y CCCP cy eCTBOBaJIH MHOrOrreTHHe CBH3H COBeTcKHe H C rreBbIM Pall HKaJIbHbIM pe l HMOM nO IJ IIOJIKOBHHKa MeurocTy nOCTaBKH Op HH MUM r Oll HaKO 11 0 XaHrre MapuaMa B 3iPHonlUl IIo-BUWlMOMY B HaqaJIe KOHiPrrHKTa COBeTCKoe op He nOJIytlarrH 06e Bpa l l1 yro e CTOPOHbI IIocrre OT IIOPTYraJIHH 3TH nOCTaBKH He HOCurrH MaCCOBoro XapaKTepa BbICbIJIKH COBeTCKUX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB H3 COMaJIH B HOH6pe 1975 r HaqaJIHCb B aBrycTe 1974 KOrll a Aurorra 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TaTe qero KpeMJ1b norryqurr He06bIqaihIo BbICOKyro CTeneHb npHMoro MIIM 6bIrra ype3aHa KourpeccoM• no rpa l l1 aHCKOH BOHHbI B Aurorre crra6bIM MeCTOM B COB6TC­ KOTPOJIH Hall X011 0M BoeHHbIX 11 eHCTBuH KOM CTpeMrreHHH nOBrrHHTb Ha HCX011 KOHiPrrHKToB B TpeTbeM MHpe COe11 HHeHHbIe IIlTaTbI He npe11 rrpHHHMaJIH cepbe3HbIX nOIlbI­ 6bIJIO He l erraHHe KpeMJ1H 11 OnycTHTb npHMoe yqaCTHe COBeTCKUX TOK conpOTHBrreHHH HJIH npe11 0TBpa eHHH COBeTcKo-Ky6HHcKoro BOHHCKUX COell HHeHuH B BoeHHbIX 11 eHCTBIUlX COBeTHHKH He B COC­ BMellIaTeJIbCTBa H BoihIa B Ora11 eHe He npHHecrra cepbe3HbIX Me I pY­ TOHHHH 3aMeHHTb 06yqeHHbIx COrrll aT a apMHH 60rrbllIHHCTBa CTPaH Hap0ll HbIX OCrrO I HeHuH 3TO 6bIJI nepBbIH crryqaH B nocrreBoeHHOH TPeTbero Mupa He cnoc06HbI 3iPiPeKTHBHo ocnorrb30BaTb COBpeMeH­ HCTOPnu KOrll a KpyIDIaJI COBeTCKaJI BOeHHaH onepaUHH 3a npe11 erra­ Hoe op e I1cnorrb30BaHHe Ky6HHCKUX BoeHHocrry l B AH­ MH BOCTOquOH EBPOllbI He BbI3BaJIa OTBeTHOrO BoeHHoro BMernaTeJIb­ rorre 0 nOCrre11 0BaBuntii 3a 3THM TPHYMiP MY MUM OTKPbIJI COBeTCKO­ CTBa co CTOPOHbI 11 pyrOH KpynHOH 11 ep l aBbI IIOTepH COMaJIO B Ka­ PYKOB011 CTBy HOBbIH cnoc06 YTBep l 11 eHHH COBeTCKoro BJIHHHHH qeCTBe COlO3HHKa 03Haqarra YTPaTy KpYIDIeHrneH COBeTCKOH BoeHHOH B KOHiPJlHKTax B OT11 aJIeHHbIX paHoHax - npo ycrroBHH KOHequo cOTPyll HUtleCTBa KacTpo 3TOT l e npHeM KpeMrreBcKoe PYKOB011 CT­ 6a3bI 3a npe11 erraMH BapllIaBCKOrO naKTa Oll HaKO 06 HTor Ora11 eHCKOH BOHUbI OKa3aJICH BeCbMa norrO l HTeJIbH'bIM l1 J1H COBeTC­ 10 pa3 BO C ycnexoM HCnOJIb30BaJIO ABa roll a CnyCTH - B X011 e Ora11 eHCKOH Koro COI03a HacerreHHe 3iPHOnHH B BOHubI COMaJIH OHa ropa311 0 60raqe norre3HbIMH OCKonaeMbIMH 006rrall aeT Boiiua Me l pY 3iPHonHeH H COMaJIO H3-3a Ora11 eHa B 56 1977­ npeBbIllIaeT HacerreHoe ropa311 0 60JIbllIHM BrrHHHHeM B AiPpHKe XOTH yqacToe CCCP B 57 BoilHe Ha BpeMH OCJIO KHIDlO ero OTHoweHl J H C nurOH apaOCKHX BoeHHhIX J eHcTBHH KHTas KpoMe Toro MocKBa npo neMOHCTPHpQ­ rocy naPCTB nOMep JKHBaBWeH COMaJIH B HTOre 3TOrO KOHCPJIHKTa BaJIa nOMep JKKY XaHOSI YCHJIeHHeM B nOM paHOHe CBOHX BoeHHQ­ 3cpHOnIDI npeBpaTHJIaCh B mme KHorO COlO3HHKa COBeTCIWrO COI03a MOpCKHX CIDl H J HIIJIOMaTH'leCKHMH rrpe J OCTepe JKeHIDIMH KHTalO TpYJJ HO YCTarrOBHTb HaCKOJIbKO KpeMJIh rrOBJIIDIJI Ha peweHHe 3TO oOeCne'lIDlO MOCKBe HOBhIH HCTOtJHHK BJIIDIHHH B paHOHe Kpac­ HOrO MOpH H TaKHM OOpa30M 'IeHHOe HeCKOJIhKHMH rO J aMH KaHpOM B Te'leHHe 1JaCTHtJHO KOMneHCHpOBaJIO yrpa­ parree TeCHOe COTpYJJ HH'leCTBO C HapO D HOH lleMOKpaTH'leCKOH Pecrry6JIHKH i-teMeH aTaKOBaTh i-teMeH B cpeBpaJIe 1979 r KaK C006W aJIOCb OKOJIO 1 TbIC BoeHHbIX COBeT­ HHKOB H3 CCCP HaxO nIDlOCb B IO JKHOM i-teMeHe B TO BpeMH H OOJIee 18 MeCHll eB nocne rr06e J bI 3cpHorrHH B ora J eHcKoH 500 KYOHHCKHX COBeTHHKOB Y'lHThIBaH CHJlhH 'lO 3aBHCHMOCTh BOwe COBeTCKHH COlO3 yqacTBOBaJI B Tpex KOHCPJIHKTax B TpeTbeM lO KHoro i-teMerra OT COBeTCKOH 3KOHOMH'leCKOH H BoeHHoH rrOMOW H MHpe B BoeHHoH oKKynall HH KaMrry'lHH BheTHaMOM B rrocne nOBaB­ rpYJJ HO rrpe nCTaBHTb 1JTOOhI a J eHcKHH pe JKHM XOTH Obi He rrpOKOH­ weM H3-3a 3Toro KpaTKOBpeMeHHOM BbeTHaMQ-KHTaHCKOM KOH­ CyJIhTHPOBaJICSI C MOCKBOH npe JK ne 1JeM npe nnpHHHTh ny aTaKY cpJIHKTe H B Harra J eHHH lO KHoro i-teMeHa Ha i-teMeH CTomru a Carra Bo BCSIKOM CJIyqae rocy napCTBeHHbIH nenapTaMeHT CIIlA BhlpalIDl r IIepBhle nBa KOHcpJIHKTa MO JKHO paccMaTpHBaTh rrpOTeCT rro nOBOpy POJIH COBeTCKHX BoeHHblX COBeTHHKOB B nOM KaK rrOCJIe J CTBHe yxo J a CIIlA H3 BheTHaMa yCIDlHBwero correpHH­ KOHcpJIHKTe BoilHa 3aBepWHJIaCb cpaBHHTeJIhHO OhICrpO OTlJaCTH OCeHhlO 1978 1JeCTBO CCCP H KHP 3a BJIIDIHHe B IOro-BocTotJHoH AlHH KOHCPJIHKT OJIaro napSI nocpe D HH'leCKOH POJIH Cay noBcKOH ApaBHH a TaK JKe Me JK ny D BYMH i-teMeHaMH HMeJI rrpH'lHHOH rro KpailHeH Mepe OTlJac­ BCJIe J CTBHe TH CTpeMJIeHHe COBeTCKoro PYKOBo J cTBa BepHyrbcH Ha MH KHeBOC­ rrpasHTeJIhcTBa i-teMeHa B CaHe TO'l HylO apeHY rrpo J eMoHcTpHpoBaB CBoe BJIIDIHHe rra C06hITIDI 3HeprHtJHOH B arrpene 1978 nOMep JKKH COe nHHeHHblMH IIlTaTaMH r B pe3YJIbTaTe KpoBaBoro rrepeBopoTa B Acp­ raHHCTarre ObIJIO cBepnIyTo rrpaBHTeJIhCTBO rrpe3H J eHTa MoxaMe na nyCTh H rra nepHcpepHH noro perHoHa 3 HOH6pH 1978 r 6bIJIO no nnHcarro comaweHHe 0 COlO3e llay J a H Ha cMeHy eMY rrpHWen npOCOBeTCKHH pe JKHM BO maBe C Me JK nY CCCP H HypOM MoxaMe J OM TapaKH JIH J epOM cppaKll HH KXaJIK B HapO D HOH BbeTHaMOM 3TO nano XaHOIO He06xo n HMyro Mepy ysepeHHocTH H 6e3 COMHeHHH rro J TOJIKHYJIO BbeTHaM rra rrapTHH 3TH COOhITIDI rrOBJIeKJIH 3a COOOH POCT COBeTCKoro BoeHHo­ WHpOKyro ro rrpHcyrCTBIDI B AcpraHHCTarre Pe JKHM TapaKH BhI3BaJI I1IHpOKylO BoeHHyro orrepaIJ HIO npOTHB npoKHTaHcKoro pe JKHMa IIoJI IIoTa B KOHcpJIHKTe KOTOPbIH nOMOW HHK rrpe3H J eHTa CIIlA rro orrrr03Hll HlO MYCYJIhMaHCKHX rrJIeMeH B CeJIhCKHX pmOHax CTparrhI BorrpocaM 'ITO rrorpY3IDlO AcpraHHCTarr B O JKeCT01JeHHyro rpa JK naHCKyro BOWY HaII HOHaJIbHOH 6e30rracHocTH 36urHeB B JKe3HHCKHH 1978 HalBaJI rrepBbIM rrpHMepoM BOHHhI Me JKpy COBeTCKHM COlO30M C HIOHH H KHTaeM rrocpe J cTBoM J pyrHX rocy napcTB 29 HeHcHo nOCTaB­ HarrpaBJIHJIHCb B AQ raHHCTarr JIHJI JIH CCCP opy JKHe BheTHaMY BO BpeMH ooeBblx neHcTBHH - CTaHU8 MH B r 60JIhIlIHe rpyrrIIhI COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX COBeTHHKOB COBeTcKoe nJIH nOMOW U TapaKH B 60Pb6e C rrOB­ rrpHcyrcTBHe rrOCTOHHHO yseJIH'lHBaJIOCb KOHll e KOHll OB BbeTHaM H 6e3 Toro 06JIa nan nOCTaTO'lHhIM 3arraCOM npH'leM KaK coOOw aJIOCb HeCKOJIbKO COBeTCKHX BoeHHbIX cne u ua­ COBeTCKoro H aMepHKarrCKoro TpoQ eworo 0py JKIDI PeWaIOw HM JIHCTOB rrOrHOJIO B pe3yJIbTaTe nOKyweHHH B rrepBhIH ro n rpa JK naHc­ CPaKTOPOM B 3TOM KOHcpJIHKTe CTaJIa COBeTCKas nHIIJIOMaTH'leCKaH KOH BOHHbI B ceHTH6pe 1979 r rrocne Toro KaK JIeTOM rro BceH r Coe J HHeHHble IIlTaThl rrpH3­ cTparre OhIJIO OTMe1JeHO YCHJIeHHe orrrr03Hll HH B D BOPll OBOH nepecT­ HaJIH KHP 'ITO TaK JKe B03MO KH0 Cblrpano POJIb B peweHHH BbeT­ peJIKe ObIJI y6HT TapaKH MeCTO KOToporo 3aHHJl XacpH3yJIJIa AMHH nOMep JKKa XaHOIO B J eKa6pe 1978 HaMa OKKyrrHpoBaTb KaMIIyqHIO 3TO JKe npH3HaHHe rrO'lTH HaBepHH­ 3aHHMaBwHH rrpH TapaKH rrOCT rrpeMbep-MHHHcTpa XOTH AMHH Ka nOBJ1HHJIO Ha peweHHe IIeKHHa OTBeTHTb Ha 3axBaT XaHoeM rrpo nOJI JKaJI rrpocoBeTcKHH KYPC no MHeHHIO MOCKBhl OH ObIJI 'Ie­ IIHOMrreHH KapaTeJIhHOH 3Kcne J HII HeH Ha TeppHTOpHIO BbeTHaMa Ha­ pecqyp He3aBHCHMbIM aero penpeccHBHbIe MeTO nhI yrrpaBJIeHIDI 'laBWeHCH 17 cpeBpans 1979 r CCCP CTaJI ocyw eCTBJIHTb B03 nyrrI­ Hble rrOCTaBKH 0py JKIDI BheTHaMY y JKe 'Iepe3 IDITh JJ HeH nocne Ha'laJIa 58 crparroH cnOCOOCTBOBaJIH ycyryOJIHJlaCb Bce OOJIee KOHCOJIH nall HH 01JeBH 1 HhIM OIIII03Hll HH pa3JlO JKeHHeM CHTyaIJ IDI acpraHCKOH npaBHTeJIbCTBeHHOH apMIDf H ee uecnocofiuoCThIO 3ammuaTh pe KHM OT BCe fionee rp03UOrO nOBCTaHtIeCKOrO JlBHX euIDI 24 l eKafips CCCP nepenpaBWI no B03 l YXY B A4 rauHc1au KpyDHbIe apMeHcKHe coell HHeUIDI a qepe3 UeCKOJIbKO ll HeH COBe1C­ KHe MOTocypenKoBble IJ HBH3IDf nepeIDJIH cOBeTcKo-a4 raucKym rpauHUy fnaBuOH IIenblO COBe1CKoro B10P KeHIDI 6bl1l0 YC1auoB­ neUHe B A4 rauHc1aue 60nee nocnyumoro pe KHMa I1HTepBemnm B A4 raHHcTau fibIIla nepBblM CIlyqaeM KOr l a COBeTCKHH COlO3 oCYlUeCIBHII npHMoe BTOp KeHHe KPYIIHbIX coe­ ll HHeuHn CBOHX Boopyx eHHblx CHII ua TeppHTOpHIO cypaubI 1pe1bero MHpa qHcneuuoCTh COBe1CKHX co n o aT nocnaHHbIX B A4 rauHc1au B 4-5 pa3 npeBblCHIIa QHCIleUUOCTh Ky6HHcKHX Boeuuocny Ka1UHX yqacTBOBaBWHX B Kou4 nHKIaX B Aurone H B 34 Homm 310 B10p­ KeIDfe MOX HO paccMaTpHBa1b KaK anoren l eCS THIle1HH 03HaMeUQ­ BaBwerOcs aK1HBHbIM BoeHHbIM npHcyrCTBHeM CCCP B cypauax ypeThero MHpa H ocofieHHo COBeTCKon BOBneQeHHOCIH B ero KOU4 ­ JIHKTbI KaX e1cs ueBepoS THbIM Q106bl COBe1CKoe PyKOBO l C1BO peWHIlocb ua C10JIb pa l HKaJIbHbIe H PHCKOBaHHbIe l eiicTBHH ecnH 6bI OIIbIT Bcero npell Wec1BoBaBwero l ecS THIle1HH ue y6e1J HIl ero QTO np0H30IIIIIH H3MeUeHIDI B MHpOBOM nOnHTHlIeCKOM H BoeuuOM 6anauce PacTYIIlau yaepeHHOCTh COBeTCKoro PYKOBQlJ C1Ba OlUyIUa­ naCb B ero 3auBIleuHHx 0 MOUUiOM nporpecce l OC1HfH '10M ua1J H0UaJIbUo-ocBofioll HTeJIbHbIMH JlBHX eUHHMH 0 Bce 60nee 6naro­ npHHTHOH pacc1auoBKe CHII H 0 KopeHHon nepeC1pOHKe B Me K­ IJ YHaP0Il HbIX OTHOWeuHHX OAHaKO COBeTCKHH OIIbIT B A4 rauHcTaue uarIIHAHo npO l e­ MOUCypHpoBaII noreUIIHaJIbHbIe TPyAHOC1H K010pble K IIY1 CBepx­ l ep KaB npH B10p KeUIDf B CIpauy 1peTherO MHpa nPHME'IAHHJI Istvan Kende local Wars In Asia Africa and latin America 1945­ 1969 Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SIPRI In Armaments and Disarmaments In the Nuclear Age A Handbook Atlantic Highlands N J Humanities Press 1976 174-5 2 B H JIeIiIIH CO'l 4 H3 l '1 T 31 CTp 124 3 TaM lke CTp 207-208 4 TaM lke CTp 216-217 5 CM Harish Kapur SoViet RUssia and Asia 1917-1927 A Study of SoViet Policy towards Turkey Iran and Afghanistan Geneva Michael Joseph 1966 6 Joseph E Thach Jr Soviet Military Assistance to Nationalist China 1923-1941 Parts I and II Military Review August 1977 72-82 and Military Review SePtember 1977 49-56 7 Jepe600 JIbBa BaUHlUTeuna 8 9 RaymOnd 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Vladimir Dedijer Tito New Hbl COIJ Ha lIHCTH'leCICOli 0pHeHTawm HeKOTopLIe ocOI5eHHoCTH nOIlHTH'leClCoro York Simon Schuster 1953 p 322 pa3BHTHlI Me l JlyHapoJlHaR lKH3HL CeHm6pb 1973 r CTp 38-47 13 Donald Zagoria Into the Breach New Soviet Alliances in the Third Oles SmolanskY The Soviet Union and the Arab East under Khrush­ 26 chev Lewisburg Bucknell Universiry Press 19741 30-31 World Foreign Affairs 57 Spring 1979' 738 CM TaKlKe Francis Fukuyama A New Soviet Strategy Commentary 24 October 19791 52 ff 14 Opuna 15 tPeBpaJIJ 1956 r 15 SI PR I 188-189 17 A KHBa YICa3 pat' CTp 38 28 U S Arms Control and Disarmament Agency World Military Expenditu­ res and Arms Transfers 1968-1977 p 155 Central Intelligence Agency CroKrOm MCKHA HHCTHTYT MHpHblX HccnenoBaHHA The Arms Trade with the Third World New York Humanities Press 1971 pp 16 27 Arms Flows to LDCs - U S -Soviet Comparisons 1974·77 Washington D C SIPRI The Arms Trade Register Cambridge M I T Press 1975 1978' Frankfurter Rundscheu March 8 1982 CM TaIOKC U S Department SIPRI Yearbook of Armaments and Disarmaments Cambridge M I T of State Conventional Arms Transfers in the Third World 1972-81 ' Special Report No 102 Press 19761 220 29 TenCHHTepBLIO no ICaHaJIy CBS 8 HHBapli 1978 r Thomas W Wolfe The Projection of Soviet Power Military Review 18 February 1969 64-65 19 20 SIPRI The Arms Trade Registers National Security Council memorandum No 1 ony6J1HICOBaHHl lli B Congressional Record May 10 1972 21 Alvin Z Rubinstein Red Star on the Nile The Soviet-Egiptian Influence Relationship Since the June War Princeton University Press 1977 xi 22 Henry Kissinger White House Years Boston Little Brown 19791 913 - @ OT PE aAKaHH tPepeHij Kocez GTaTlJR tPepeHija Koceza nOCBRlI #eHa u36upaTelZb­ HOU petjJOpMe U BbZ60paM B BeHZpUU 1 OTOpbZe COCT JI ­ IZUCb 8 UlOHR 1985 Z U npUBlZe1 IZU BHUMaHue cneijuQ Zuc­ TOB nOC1 OlZb1 Y RBUlZUCb CBoezo pooa 31 CnepUMeHTOM U36upaTelZbHOU PftjJOPMbZ B CTpaHax COBeTC1 OZO Tuna H3BHPATEnbHA sI PECI»OPMA H BbIBOPbI HOBbZU 3a1 OH 0 BbZ60pax 6bZIZ npUHRT B BeHzpuu 22 Oe1 a6pR 1983 z OH COCTOUT B clZeoYlOlI #eM 1 B o6R3aTelZbHoM nOpR01 e 6a £n oTupyeTCR HeC1 OlZb1 O 1 aHOUOaTOB PyKOBO lJ HTeJIH nOJIbCKOH H BeHI'epCKOH KOMM 'HHCTlflIeCKOH 2 Ha MeCTaX c030alOTCR CneijUQ lbHbZe 1 OMUCCUU naprHii 0 3TH Y3bI HCrOpHqeCKOrO 6parcrBa gaBHO Y'Ke IIbITllIOr­ OIZR ynp0ll #eHUR U36upaTelZbHozO npoijeCca CH nO lJ pax arb lJ pyr lJ pyry qerbIpe ro IJ a Ha3a IJ Hpy3eJIbCKHii 06e­ 3 nOIZUTU14eC1 Ue U zocyoapcTBeHHbze lZuoepbz U3­ maJI B nepBYJO oqepe Il b KOHe o ce6e a He HaPOAY - qrO B IIOJIb­ 6UpalOTCR B rocyoapcTBeHHoe co6paHue no oToelZb­ IIIe 6y lJ er BocnpOH3Be lJ eH Ka IJ apoBcKHH pe l lM nO lJ 06HbIH roMy HOMY o6l1 #ezocyoapcTBeHHoMY cnUC1 Y KoropbIH 6bIJI lJ 0 HbIHeIIIHero KpH3Hca Ho nocrre nOHBJIeHHH Co­ 4 TOlZb1 O Te 1 aHOUOaTbz B rocyoapcTBeHHoe co6­ JIH IJ apHOCTH peaJIbHbIM nOJIHTHKaM H3 BeHrepcKoH COUHaJIHCT eC­ paHue U B MeCTHbze opzaHbZ BlZacTu 1 OTOpbZe nolZY­ KOH pa60qeH napTHH 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