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cerOAHHllIHHe peanHH qexocrrQ­ HO npoB03rnarueHo TO 0 'IeM rOBOpHJIOCb H P O ero npHe3Jl a PYKO­ BaKHH H OHH HenpeMeHHo oKaJKyTCH B npoTHBOpe'IIHH C HOBOH OC PH­ Bop cmo KITq He TOJIbKO e J HHOrnaCHO BbICT 'IIHJIO B nOMep lKKY D HanbHoH JlHHHeii KITq o6'bJIBHBWeH CBOHM 06pa3UOM COBeTCKHe peC POPMHCTCKOH nOJIHTHKH KITCC HO onpep eJIHJIo nOJIHTHKY KITq peC P0PMbl KaK nOJIHTHKY pec pOpM MO I Ho KOHelffiO COMHeBaTbClI B HCKpeH­ 38Tb CKOllbKO MeCHUeB npoii p eT nOKa B K Iq B03HHKHeT CHrya­ Bee ocranbHoe - Bonpoc BpeMeHH Ew e HeJIb3H CKa­ HOCTH mop eH KOTopble Ha npoTlI lKeHHH J Balnl aTH JIeT nOJl aBJIlIIOT D HH nop 06HalI co3p aBweiicH B KITCC B JII06ble nOnblTKH peC POPMHcTcKoro TOJIKa HO B Jl aHHbIH MOMeHT 3TO npoH30HP eT - He HMeeT 3Ha'leHHlI fJIaBHOe 'ITO nocrre J BaAUaTHJIeTHero nepepbma B COBeTCKoM COlO3e 6yp eT npOp OJlJICaTbCH H pa3BHBaTbcH nOJIHTHKa HP M He06xo J HMOCTH nepeMeH CHOBa CTana oc pH1UianbHO npH3HaH­ 1985 r Ho 3TO HeH36eJICHO BDJlOTb p o nepcoHanbHblx nepeMeH eCJIH KoHe'IHO HOH COCTaBHOH 'IaCTblO nOJIHTH'IeCKOH JIHHHH KaKOBbI 6YAYT nepe­ peC POpM fyCaK bHJIJIK H MHOrHe p pyrae 'IexocrroBaU KHe PYKOBO J HTe- MeHbl B KaKOM TeMne B KaKOH o'lepeAHocTH H B KaKOM KOHTeKCTe JIB 6e3ycrroBHO OllHUemop1IlOT npoillJloe a He HaCTOJllll ee 3m nep­ OHH 6YAYT npoBo J HTbClI nOKa He lICHO - 3TO 6yp eT 06CY lKAaTbClI COHaJICH H3 p pyroH nbeCbl Ho ceii lIac nocrre TOro KaK OHH caMa H CTopoHHHKaM peC POpM npep CTOlIT OCTpble CTOJIKHOBeHHlI C HX npo­ npHCOe J HHHJIHCb K HOBOH coBeTcKoii nQJlHTHKe OHH BbIHy lC J eHbl THBHHKaMH B qexocrroBaKHH npofiJJ eMa ycrrO lKH1IeTClI ew e H TeM 6YAYT cblrpaTb ew e O Il llH ManeHbKHH Bop eBHJIb nocrre KOToporo 'ITO Y Hac Ha npoTlIJlCeHHH p OJlrHX JIeT CTOPOHHHKH pec pOpM nop ­ TOJlbKO H Ha'IHeTCH rnaBHoe npeACTaBJleHHe BepranHCb KyJl a 60Jlee JlCeCTOKHM npecrrep oBaHHHM 'IeM B cocep ­ HHX CTpaHax 3TOT KOHC PJlHKT P OJlJICHO 6Y J eT pelllHTb HOBoe nOKQ­ JIeHHe a He pec pOPMaTOpbl 6O-x rop OB H p eii cmOBaTb 3TO HOBoe DotteMY'TaK ocroPO llo nOKOJIeHHe 6Y J eT B coBepweHHo HHOH CHTYauHH HblHeillHee nOJIO lKeHHe p aneKO He H J eanbHO HO OHO cyw ecT­ BeHHO OmHlIaeTCH OT CHryau HH 1984 r H Jl aJICe OT nOJIO lKeHHH B C03Jl aeTCH BnellameHHe 'ITO COBeTCKoe PYKOBop cmo H36pa­ JlO no OTHoweHHIO K qexocrroBaKHH a B03MOJICHO H no OTHoweHHIO qexocrrOBaKHH JlHWb HeCKOJlbKO MeCHUeB HaJa nOCKOJlbKY nOTep­ K P pyTHM BOCTO'lHOeBponeHCKHM rocYJl apcmaM n03Hu HIO KOTOPaH neJIH nopa lKeHHe YKa3bIBaBlllHe Ha nOJlHTHKY pec pOPM rp03Hw HM J lI1I Hero HaHMeHee pHCKOBaHa OHa KaK 6bl KOJlHpyeT COBeTCK '1O nepcToM H npeAYDpe lCJl aBlllHe 0 B03MOJICHOCTH KOHTppeBOJlIOu HH nOJIHTHKY p o Pa3YMeeTCH cHTyau HH B qexocrroBaKHH Bce ew e OTJIH'IaeTCH 1985 r BblJICHJl aTb KorJl a cTapblX PYKOBO Il llTeJIeH CMeTYT C nQJlHTH'IeCKOH cueHbl 3aKOHbl 6HOJlorHH HenocpeP cmeH­ OT npoHcxOAJllll ero B CCCP TaM OTKPblTO rOBopJIT 'ITO nOJIHTHKa HbIH HaJICHM J lIH Kap poBbIX nepeMeH COBeTCKaH CTOpoHa OKa3blBaeT peC POPM HaTanKHBaeTCH JIHWb B oC06blX crry'laJlx - KaK B Ac praHHcTaHe H BO BbeTHaMe Ha conpoTHBJleHHe H 'ITO He06xo Il llMO 6opoTbcH C npoTHBHHKaMH TaKOH nOJlHTHKH B ITpare lKe Bee BblCTynalOT e J HHOAYWHO H nOTOMY n03Hu HH 'IexocrroBaU KOrO py­ BepoHTHO TaKaH n03HUIfJI 06ycrroBJleHa KOBop cma He y6e lKAaeT B CCCP HCXOAHblM nyaKToM peC POPM 6bm HOCHTeJlbHO B03MOJICHOH H npOp OJIJKaeT OCTaBaTbCH KpHTH'IeCKHii aHanH3 6peJICHeBCKOH 3pbl Ha3blBaeMbIe C06blTH1I B ITOJlbWe H BeHrpHH B B qexOCJIOBaKHH JlCe Bce npoHcxo Il llT TaK 6yp TO nocrre 1969 r B OnaeeHHHMH co­ BeTCKoro PYKOBOP CTBa no KpaHHeii Mepe ero 60JlbWHHCTBa OT­ BaKHH B 1968 r p eCTa6HJIH3auHH COBeTCKoro fiJJ oKa TaK 1956 r H B qexocrro­ Bce ew e nyralOT ero H He 6e3 OCHOBaHHH CTpaHe He npoH30illJlO HH'Iero 38crrYJICHBaIOw ero npHHIlHDHanbHOii 113-3a conpoTHBJleHHH HOBOH nOJIBTHKe fop6a'leBa B CCCP KpHTHKH B COBeTCKOM COlO3e HOBylO nOJlHTHKY npOBO J HT HOBoe OHa B nocrrep Hee BpeMH crana Op HOBpeMeHHO H 60nee pa J HKanbHOii PYKOBOp Cmo napTHH H rocYJl apcma nepeMeH B Bepxax C 18 1970 B qexocrroBaKHH HHKaKHX r He npoH30illJlO H HOBYIO nOJIHTHKY B H 60JIee OCTOPOJICHOii Bo BHeWHeii nOJIHTHKe ero 'Ipe3Bblllaii H0 CMeJlaH HO 'IpeBaTaH 19 orpoMHbIM PHCKOM HHHl llaTHBa UeJIh KOTOPOH He 60m we He MeHhwe KaK H3MeHHTh npaBHJIa MPhl B COBpeMeHHOM MHpe C TeM 'lT06hI JIHKBH J HpoBaTh 6peW rOHKH BoopY lKeHHH coxpamm npH 3TOM BeJIHKOnep lKaBaylO n03HUH1O CCCP IIOKa qTO He yseWla­ JIaCh ycneXOM Be3 COTpY IJ HHqeCTBa C 3aIIa lJ HhIMH rocynapCTBaMH fop6aqeB 3TOH UeJIH n06HThCH He MO lKeT a IIpaBHTeJIhcrna 3aIIa IJ HhIX rocynapcrn OTHOCHTCH K ero HHHl llaTHBe BeChMa Cnep lKaHHO 3TO nponeMOHCTPHPOBaJI B qaCTHOCTH BH3HT MaprapeT T3 ep B MOCK­ BY HaKaayHe noe3 IJ KH fop6aqeBa B qeXOCJlOBaKHIO He y IJ aJIOCh nOCTHrHYTb cymeCTBeHHblX nepeMeH H B OTHoweHHHX CCCP C KH­ TaeM BayTPHIIOJIHTHQeCKOe pa3BHTHe KHTaH TaK lKe He panyeT Tex B COBeTCKOM COI03e KTO paCC'iHTbmaeT Ha nOJlHTHqeCKHe pe­ PoPMbI H neMOKpaTH3a1 11lO 06CTOHTeJIbCTBa TaKHM 06pa30M npH­ 3bma1OT K OCTOPO lKHOCTH B 3THX YCJlOBHHX o60CTpHTb KOHqmHKThl B BOCTOl Hoii EBPO­ ne rne B llOJlbWe cymeCTByeT B3pbmOOrraCHaH 06CTaHoBKa a aHTH­ peCPOPMHCTCKaH PyMbIHHH nOJIh3yeTcH CBoe06palHOH aBTOHOMHeH 3Ha'iHJl0 6bI yKpeIIJIHTb C0103 IIpoTHBHHKOB peCPOPM H TeM caMbIM nOCTaBHTb 110 0 yrpolY cY lJ h6y 3THX peCPOpM llapanOKCaJIbHO 'ITO pyKOBonCrno Kllq 3aBHceBwee OT MH­ JIOCTH MOCKBbl Ha npoTH lKeHHH MHomx JIeT Bnpyr noqysCTBOBaJIO 'ITO H OHO MHoro 3Ha'iHT IJ llH MOCKBbI llonnep lKKa llpam Ba lKHa B ' naHHhIH MOMeHT IJ llH fop6eQeBa maBHbIM 06palOM nOTOMy 'ITO OHa C03naeT 6peDIb B psnax nOreHl llaJIhHblX npoTHBHHKOB HOBOH co­ BeTCKoii nOJIHTHKH fop6aQeB 3a IJ bIXaeTCH B reCHOM o6hHTHH Bpe lKHeBa H HHqerO He MO lKeT C 3THM nOneJIaTh - nOJlyqeHHe HaCJlenCTBa QpeBaTO onpe­ neJIeHHbIMH HenpHHTHOCTHMH onaCHOCTh Ceii'faC 3TH apryMeHThI BHJIHKa yxre He neiiCTByroT fop6aqeB fI HbIHeWHee COBeTCKoe pyKOBOnCTBO He KBJIKIOTCK coyqaCTHHKaMH npeCTyruIeHHH OHH He HecyT omeTcrneHHOCTH 3a OKKynal ll1O qeXOCJlOBaKHH B poBaHa 20 1968 r qeXOCJlOBaKHH 6bma OKKynH­ JIeT Halan H ceHqaC no y lKe HCTOpHH 3TO naeT B03MO lK­ HOCTh 06pamaThCH H C 3THM 6pe lKHeBCKHM HaCJle J HeM KaK C HCTo­ peeii Y lKe MO lKHO IIPHCTynHTh K o6heKTHBHoMy HCTopnecKoMy aHaJIH3y npa lKCKOH BecHbl yxre MO lKHO nasaTb eii H ee yqaCTHH­ KaM oueHKY CBo60 IJ HYIO OT HneOJIOmqeCKO-IIOJlHTHqeCKHX 3MOI IIH Y lKe MO lKHO palpeWHTh HCCJlenOBaHHe HneH HKoHueIIUHH npa lKCKOH BecHhl nOCKOJIhKY OHH 003ycnoBHO KBJIHIOTCH IIOnbITKOH pecpop­ MbI CHCTeMbI COBeTCKoro THna y lKe Mo lKHO CKa3aTh 'ITO 6bmo BepHbIM a 'ITO OUIH60qHhIM C nOJlHTHqeCKOH TO'iKH 3peHHH 3TO He TOJIhKO B03MO l O Ho H IIpHHUHnHaJIhHO coorneTcTByeT HhIHeUIHeii COBeTCKoii nOJIHTHKe IIO IJ XOny HbIHeWHerO COBeTCKoro pyKOBOnCTBa K CBoeii co6crneH­ HOH HCTOpHH 3TO BOBce He 03HaqaeT 'ITO BbIXOn qexOCJIOBaKHH H3 1968 r ryDHKa MOxreT o6eCIIe'iHTh rpyrrna peCPOPMaTOPOB BOJlb­ waK HX 'faCTh Y lKe nOCTHma neHCHOHHoro B03pacTa HeKoTopbIX yxre HeT B lKHBbIX qaCTh OTKa3aJIaCh OT TaKorO pona Kap bepbI qepe3 20 JIeT yxre HeJIh3K BepayThCH K TOMY 'ITO cymecrnyeT TOJIhKO B IIaMJlTH 06wecrna HO He B peaJIhHoii lKH3HH B TO xre BpeW qe­ XOCJlOBaKHH He MO lKeT BCTaTh Ha rryTh HbIHeIIllleii COBeTCKoii IIOJIH' THKH no Tex nop IIOKa npH3paK npa lKCKoii BeCHbI OCTaeTCH B nO IJ BaJIe Bo BpeW npe6bmaHHH B llpare fop6aqeB BeJI ce6H YaK 'lT06bI He HCKJIIO'iHTh TaKOrO Hcxona B 6y IJ ytUeM HH B O IJ HOM H3 CBOHX 0CPHUHaJIhHhIX BbICTyruIeHHH O l He ynOMHayJI 0 1968 r H qeXOCJIOBa lJ KaH CTopoHa B ero IIpHCYTcrnHH 06 3TOM rone He npOH3HeCJla HH CJlOBa llPH3paK npaBna IIo-npe lKHeMY OCTaeTCK B nO IJ BaJIe HO 6y IJ ytUee ero He 6bmo 3afu oKHpoBaHO npH3paK B IIO IJ B8 I8X HaM pa3YMeeTCH He H3BeCTHO 'ITO H KaK 6bmo CKa3aHO llPH3paK npa lKCKOH BeCHbI 3anyweHHoii COBeTCKHMH TaH­ KaMH H ryCaKOBCKHM pYKOBoncrnoM no CHX nop 6PO J HT no nO IJ Ba­ JIaM npa lKCKOrO H MOCKOBCKoro KpeMJIH Ha 3TOM eme COBceM He­ nasHO cneKynHpOBaJI BaeHJI BHJIHK - OH Tpe60BaJI OT MOCKBbl 6e30roBOpOl Hoii nOnnep lKKH ero nOJIHTHKH yrnep IJ aH 'ITO npH3­ 3a 3aKpbITbIMH lJ BephMH Ha BCTpeqe fop6aqeBa C qeXOCJlOBaUKHM pyKOBOnCTBOM Tpy IJ Ho O lJ HaKO IIpe J IIOJIO lKHTh qTO Me l 1J Y HHMH He 6bmo HHKaKHX pa3HomaCHH H He TOJIhKO no IIoBony 1968 r BOJIee BepoHTHo 'ITO 3a 3THMH 3aKpbITbIMH lJ BepbMH fop6a'ieB 0 0­ roBOPHJICJI 0 TOM qr06bI 6y IJ ytUee pa3BHTHe qeXOCJlOBaKHH He npo­ THBOpe'iHJlO era nOJIHTHKe paK npa lKCKoii BecHbI no CHX nop IIpenCTaBJIHeT HaH60JIhWYIO 20 21 OUDIOKH r op6aqesa He 60JIee CYIIleCTBeHHOH qeM HaJIlfIIHe 17 MOJIO ll e lKHbIX OpraHH3a­ UlIH Pa3Be B pe3YJIbTaTe 3TOro B C03HaHHH MOJIOAbIX JIIOAeH He Cy ll I no TOMY 'ITO fop6aqeB rOBOpHJI H ll emm B qexocnoBa­ B03HHKHer xaoc A 'ITO 6Y ll er ecnH B cTpeMJIeHHH 3aIIlHTHTb HH H yqHThma ll cnO lKHbIe npoTHBope'IHBbIe H ll eJIHKaTHbIe ycno­ MOJIO ll e Kb or TaKOro xaoca KTO-HH6Y ll b nOImler TaHKH npoTHB BHJI ero BH3HTa MO lKHO He COMHeBaTbC II 'ITO HeKOTopbIe BonpoCbI nOJIHTHKH nepecTpoHKH 06CY I AaIIHCb H B MOCKBe 3a 3aKpbITbIMH J J BepbMH 06 3TOM CBH­ SOJIee cymeCTBeHHOH OAHaKO llBJIJIeTC II ll PYraH oUDI6Ka ll eTeJIbCTByeT BbICTynneHHe fop6aqeBa B fIpare OHO 6bIlIO MeHee KOTOPYIO JIH'lHOCTHbIM no cpmmeHHIO C ero ll pymMH BbICTYnneHH IIMH H CO­ B ll ep KaJIO Ha60p 3apaHee 3arOTOBJIeHHbIX H OlJ 06peHHbIX 4 0PMynH­ nexaMH KIIq ll OCTHrHYTbIMH nocne POBOK 'lT0 qacTO CKa3bIBaJIOCb Ha CTHJIe H f HBOCTH TeKCTa 3ro qexocnoBaKH II BbIcTynneHHe HanoMHHaJIO CKopee rOp6aqeBCKHe ll OKJIa D bI npoImlo­ ro rOAa a He ero IIHBapCKHH ll OKJIa ll H 'ITO ypoBeHb f H3HH B qCCp OqeHb BblCOK B npa KCKOM BbICTynneHHH He 6bIJIO aHaJIH3a npH'lHH 3aCTO ll fop6aqeB ll onycTHJI B qexocnOBaKHH HeCKOJIbKO pa3 CBOHX BblcTYDlIeHHJIX OH npH3bmaJI cnywaTeJIeH rOpAHTbCJI yc­ OTHOCHTC II K 1969 caMbIM r OH rOBOpHJI HM 'lT0 pa3BHTbIM rocYAapCTBaM fop6aqeB 0 l HaK0 MepHT qexocnoBauKYIO ll eiiCTBHTeJIbHOCTb Ha COBeTCKHH apUDIH YpOBeHb f H3HH B qCCp ll eHCTBHTeJIbHO BbI­ KOTOPbIH comaCHO fop6aqeBY BbI3BaH TeM 'lT0 ll 0 CHX nop npe ll ­ we qeM B CCCP Ha COBeTcKoro TYpHCTa qexocnoBaKHJI npoH3BO­ CTaBJIeHHJI 0 COUHaJIH3Me OCHOBbmaIOTC II Ha TeOpH IIX 30-x H 4Q-x HT Bne'lameHHe BbICOKopa3BHToro rocYAapCTBa• IleHCTBHTeJIbHOCTb rO ll OB T e CTaJIHHCKHX BpeMeH He nO ll qepKHBaJI OH H TOT 4 aKT Ke qro 003 ll eMOKpaTH3aIJ HH HeB03MO lKH0 ll 06HTbC II oCYIIleCTBJIeHH II 1969 3KOHOMHqeCKHX 3aAaq fIpH'lHHbI noro KaK II y Ke rOBOpHJI nOMT­ HblX 4 aKTopoB co BCeMH BbITeKalOWHMH H3 3roro oTpHuareJIbHbI­ COBepweHHO HHa ll POCT 1JeXocnOBauKOH 3KOHOMHKH nocne r npoHcXOAHJI no ll ll eHCTBHeM 3KCTeHCHBHbIX a He HHTeHCHB­ RbI Ho B J J Byx cnyqa llX fop6aqeB C ll eJIaJI 3aJIBJIeHH II KOTopble MH nOCJIe ll CTBHJIMH qeXOCJIOBauKHH TeXHHqeCKHH napK ycrapeJI HeJIb3 11 He KpHTHKOBaTb H Koropble no MoeMY MHeHHIO 6bIJIH ypoBeRb f H3HH OCTaeTCJI HeH3MeHHbIM OUDI60qHbIMH C TOqKH 3peHH II ero nOJIHTHKH TaK BO BpeMJI cny­ BaKH II Moma H ll TH no co6cmeHHoMY nYTH K COUHaJIH3MY KaK qaiiHoro pa3roBopa co cTY ll eHTaMH Ha OAHOH H3 npa KCKHX YJIHU nocne npHXO ll a KOMMyHHCTOB K BJIaCTH B fop6aqeB CKa3aJI 'ITO KOrAa OH 6bIJI B fIpare B 1969 r OH YBH ll eJI HaCKOJIbKO cnO f HblM 6bmo nOJIO KeHHe B qexOCJIOBaKHH cnoBaKHH - CKa3aJI fop6aqeB - UHH Kopoqe - 6bIJIO 17 B qexo­ MQJlO ll e f HbIX opraHH3a­ xaoc TaKOH Ke xaoc KaK B roJIOBaX MOJIO ll bIX pe4 OPM 6bIJIO 1968 6bI A BeAl ecnH 6b1 qexocno­ 1948 r YaK H nOCJIe r TO CeHqaC 3KOHOMHKY qexocnoBaKHH MO lKHO cpaBHHBaTb CKa KeM C 3KOHOMHKOH CKaH HHaBCKHX roCYAaPCTB a He C COBerCKoH B qexocnoBaKHH 3TO 3HaIOT H HHKTO He yOOAHT Rapo ll 3TOH CTpaHbI B 06paTHOM JIIO ll eH • B qexocnoBaKHH C03AaJIOCb BneqaTJIeHHe 'ITO HeKOTopble 3ro 3a IIBJIeHHe C ll eJIaJI nOJIHTHK KOTOPbIlf Beero TpH MeC IIua IIBJIeHH II KOTopbIe fop6aqeB KpHTHKyeT B CCCP 3arpaHHUeH OH Ra3a ll 3a 11BHJI 'ITO ll eMOKpaTH II Hy f Ha COBeTCKOMY C0103Y KaK KaK 6bI He 3aMeqaeT HJIH CTapaeTC II He 3aMe'laTb XapaKTepHble B03AYX 11 He AYMalO 'lT0 BblCKa3bIBaHHe fop6aqeBa yKpeIlHT ll 0­ BepHe K ero HCKpeHHOCTH - H He TOJIbKO co CTopoHblqexocnoBau­ KOH MOJIO ll e f H coBpeMeHHoe ypoBHe B KOPPynUHIO 3aCTOH 4 aJIbCH4 HKaIJ H1O - OH KaK 6bI He BHAHT a JIIO ll IM CTpaAaIOWHM OT 3THX JIBJIeHHii H CBJI3bmaIOWHM fop6aqeB nJIaHHpyeT K 2000 r npeBpaTHTb COBeTcKHH C0103 B qepTbI 6pe lKHeBCKOH 3pbI - ll eHCTBHTeJIbHOCTH HpaBCTBeHHoe pa3JIO KeHHe roCYAaPCTBO C TeXHHKOH Ha caMOM BblCOKOM C fop6aqeBbIM Ha ll e KAbI Ha HX ycrpaHeHHe OH 3a IIBJI IIeT nOCMor­ pHTe Ha ycneXH BaweH napTHH H Bawero npaBHTeJIbCTBa YaKOM rOCYAapCTBe Y COTeH TbIC llq MOJIO ll bIX JIIO ll eH fIOJIHTHKY KOTOpa ll npoBOAHJIaCb B qexocnoBaKHH nocne ll OMa ll OJI lKHbI CTOJITb KOMIlbIOTepbI nocpe ll CTBOM KOTOPblX OHH 1969 CMorYT 06MeHHBaTbC II JII060H HH4 opMaIJ HeH H Ha KOTOPbIX OHH 3aHa eMY cMoryr ne'laTaTb JI106bIe MaTepHaJIbI Pa3Be TaKa ll nepeMeHa 6y ll er qeprbI 6pe f HeBCKOH 3pbI KOTopble fop6aqeB OCTpO KpHTHKyeT 22 r Hapo ll CTpaHbI He BbI6pan ll 06POBOJIbHO OHa 6bIJIa HaBJI­ 6pe lKHeBCKHM PyKOBO ll CTBOM KfICC OTPHuaTeJIbHble 23 r B CCCp 6bDIH pHBHeeeHbI B llexocrroBaKHIO H B 3Ha'DfTenbHOH IJac­ TH npHBHeeeHbI CHJIOH XOTH rOp6aIJeB nH'DfO He HeeeT 3a 3TO OTBeT­ CTBeHHOCTb 06J13aHHOCTb OT KOTOpoii OH He MO KeT YKnOHHTbCJl ­ aKTHBHOe CIIoco6cTBOBaHHe IIpeoAOJIeHHIO IIepelJHcrreHHbIx HeAO­ CTaTKOB peaJIH38J UIH IIOIIpaHHbIX PmmH OB cyBepeHHTeTa H YBa­ lreHHJI CIIeUH pHIJeCKHX ycrrOBHH llexocrroBaKHH Kor n a H KaK OH R100MUlJa AJleKCeeea CMO lreT 3TO CAenaTb rop6aIJeB IIpHlUnmmii HacrreACTBO Dpe I HeBa AOJI lreH peIlIHTb caM H HHKTO eMY B 3TOM He YKaJ Ho ecrrH OH XO­ IJeT H3Ge l llTb eepbe3HbIX IIOJIHIHIJeCKHX OIlIH60K OH He AQJI I eH o nOJIHTHQECKHX AMHHCfWlX B CCCP AeJIaTb BHA 'ITO Bce B nOJIHaM IIOpJlAKe H lITO npoHCIIle u wee IIOCJIe 1969 r 3acrrY I HBaeT OA06peHHJI nocrre 1969 r B llexocrroBaKHH IIpecrreAOBaJIOCb Bee TO 3a lITO eeii'l3 c paTYeT caM rop6aIJeB TBOp'leCKoe H KpHTHIJeCKOe K MOMeHTY pHxoAa K BJIaCTH MblIWIeHHe HHAHBHAYaJIbHaJI aKIHBHOCTb Ge3 JJ HpeKTHB CBepxy KynbTypHoe H Hay'IHoe TBopIJeCTBO IJeCTHOCTb HCKpeHHOCTb IIpH­ 1985 M C rOp6aIJeBa T e K Ha'l3 ny r OTKpbITbIe poJIBneHHJI HHaKOMbICJ1HJl 6bDIH IIO J aBJIeHbI Bep l eHHOCTb CBOHM yGe l J eHHJlM EcJIH 6bI rop6aIJeB IIbITaJICJI Ha­ IIOIJTH nOJIHOCTbIO yIID10 IIOA nOBepXHOCTh Hau HOHaJIbHoe HeAOBonb­ CTaHBaTb Ha Heo6xOAHMOCTH AeMOKpaTH3aUHH H Pe P0PM B Ilexo­ CTBO crrOBaKHH B 1970 r ero HCKnIOIJHJIH 6bI H3 Km H eMY PHIID10Cb 6bI pa60TaTb HCTOIIHHKOM HJIH IJepHopa60IJHM HeCMOTpJl Ha ero H penern03HaJI aKTHBHOCTb rpa I J aBCKHe BbICyYIIJIeHBJI TO I e IIOIJTH npeKpamnHcb OTKPbITO AeiicTBOBaJIa nHWb Kpowe'IHaJI rpynIIa 3a AOBepHe Me l J y BOCTOKOM H 3anaAOM H POAOJI I aJIH KOMMyHHCTHIJeCKHe y6e l J eHHJI H BbIcwee 06pa30BaHHe 3TO He 6opb6y 3a BbIe3A H3 CCCP HaH60JIee OTIJaJlHHbie oTKa3HHKH-eBpeH IIpeYBeJIHIJeHHe TaKOBa cYAb6a AeCJlTKOB TbICJIIJ IJeXOB H crroBaKOB H3 6oraToH IIpe l J e caMH3 J aTCKOii IIepHo J HKH COXPaHHJIHCb nHWb B CCCP IIpH rop6aIJeBe CTanH H3 J aBaTb IIpe l Ae 3aIIpemeHHbIe DIOJIJIeTeHb COBeTa pOAcTBeHHHKoB Y3HHKOB EBaHreJIbCKHX XpHC­ KHHm aBTOPOB MHOrHX H3 HHX Y l e HeT B l HBbIX B llexocrroBaKHH THaH-6aIITHCTOB H peJIHrH03HO-Ha3H J aTenbHbIH ypHaJI BeCTHHK Ire AO CHX IIOP He IIeIJaTaIOTCJI pa60TbI COTeH aBTOPOB TOJIbKO IIOTO­ HCTHHbI H3 J aHIDI JIHTOBCKHX KaTOJIHKOB XpoHHKa nHTOBCKOii MY lITO OHH He OTKa3aJIHCb OT CBoero y6e l J eHHJI 0 He06xoAHMOCTH KaTOJIK'leCKOH UePKBH H nHToBcKOro HaUHOHaJIbHOrO J BH I eHBJI pe pOPMbI CHCTeMbI COBeTCKoro THIIa 0 He06xoAHMOCIH l eMOKpa­ yPHaJI Aympa TH3aUHH 6e3 KOTOpoii IIOA yrpo30H He TOJIbKO COUHaJIH3M HO H reXHH'IeCKOe pa3BHIHe CTpaHbI BeCbMa B03MO I H0 IJTO IIO IIOJIHIHIJeCKHM co06pa l eHHJIM 3TO 3arHWbe 6bIJIO 06eCIIe'leHO pe3KHM yCHJIeHHeM IIpecneAo­ BaHHH Bcex BHAOB HHaKOMbIcrrHJl C KOHlI a 1979 rO J a 3a 5 JIeT 6bI­ JIH apeCTOBaHbI nOIJTH Bee aKTHBHbIe HHaKOMbICJIJlmHe H MHOrHe rOp6aIJeB IIpeAIIOIJHTaeT MOJI'I3 Tb 06 3TOM TaKYIO II03HUHIO B COC­ COIJyBCTBOBaBIlIHe HM Pe I HM B MeCTaX 3aKJIIOIJeHHJI y ecTOIJHJICJI TOJlHHH IIOHJlTb H l epTBbl IIOJIHTHKH npoBoAHBweiicJI B llexoClIo­ AO KpaHHOCTH Ha IIOJIHT3aKnIOIJeHHbIX 06pymHBanHCb 3a MaJIeiiwym 1969 r Ho npH3bIBaTb K Bocx aaJIeHHIO 3TOH IIOJIHTHKH POBHHHOCTb H no c ila6pHKOBaHHbIM IIOBOAaM IIOMemeHBJI B Kap­ 6 rIarocrrOBJIJlTb ee - 3HaIJHT OKa3bIBaTb IIoMep l KY MHorOJIeTHeii Uep 3aIIpeTbI Ha CBH J aHHJI C pOAHbIMH H J a I e Ha nepenHcKy C HR­ BaKHH IIocrre JI I H a 3TO IIOJIHIH'IeCKaJI OIlIH6Ka KTO 6bI H IIO KaKHM 6bI MOTH­ MR HaKOHeu - BaM ee HH AenaJI 1983 r B IIepMcKoM JIarepe N° 36 rAe HaxOAHJIHCb Bcero 60 IJenOBeK yMepnH AeCJlTepo C 1980 r IIO 1986 r norH6nH 34 nonHT33Ka 22 H3 HHX 3a IIocne J HHe TpH 1984-1986 rOAa OCTUWHMCJI B l HBbIX rp03HJIO BHe 3UH­ CHMOCTH OT pHrOBopa 6eCCpOIJHOe 3aKfiIOIJeHHe B 1983 r BO BpeM fI 24 l eCTOKHe H36HeHBJI Pe3KO YBenK'I HJIaCb CMepT­ HOCTb cpeAH IIOJIHT3aKnIOIJeHHbIX C 25