' ' _ ' D l v ' STRJi rn nc lMPUCATlONS OF RDTt E RESTIUCT ION no lhacilo to bo d- cilo iiid 1n t • 111 board re u r6c Uon on 1 1 ll now we-11pon • QOCUon ta that Aldiounh l LC l'OU•th - Dy11ternc i dcv lopm nto mi lht ret u•d or cvon dtap tho daveloprn Rt of thoaci eapona and c11p i h1Utiaa - Mch are prov-oc i u e and up t th i 0 tt-11t t £ic b IAncr • ouch r1u1tnc tioa11 rrua ht abo limit llu1 a Uty oi lho o nt11110nuu o the • old wi u• o mplerne nt chtinc -torS11Uc 11 into tho i r e11ratenic forcl ' nru hu ·eo whlch lil'Ould hAd to zi more iitti b lc cltu o t i on 11 lld th1 111 a policy of bl 11 n ket re11ti'ic't ion• on Che davelcpment o new wc ic p ti a y11l n G could ituH dut11bdii inn er-am or tho t'CII Urtet i o n ci rdou 11ny pro oi new w tpon •Y•Eem d'Jl'l'clopmenu ahol lld be 11 e lc c ti v ely appU - td only to th c d eYdo pm eat l tho ti -' a p or i • y II t nn And irnprovcima nt In exhUna oy tcm1 which care e ither provocative Ot' o h r• 'Q'lGe o o cbUbe the atutcc i c b llance Thi11 c01 1c huton wUl ahown to ba vaU cl ln cha oOu i Uoru1 in hich I no Um Lui ti on a on d v di't•r oym' nt 01 mh-ollq11 u hto And 2 fJotn • t lJ ON 11to a rc e to Umit the in c oC their -· D forcoo An uch mAlnl n11 a Chuh· de1urt-nt cop ibabty A Th• Stra · Arm• Rae and the D lJvelcipmcnt of octrt Str- to3h It L• d•tt'i cult to know- th pred11 u-111on 11 bt'hln 'I 01 dt'vdopme11t of naUon t doctr'lne Th1 tollo na r gHphci attempt to ·n t1on Ute th ae-q un 'tl l ch11nc11 • tn 11 r-att ai c •Y ttom• 1n • lo1t1t al manner ln th arm11 ra1 e _ _kh hat1 Cl XUlled •1nt q 1he JU' n rni ll•f 1he cold wai- each 1mpro cment in 'lrol'a i pon c i bHiua-11 bu chC 1 1 d a rupon•11 fl om the oppone 1u 1n the form of now w-e nG - uh lmpr- ived c p a b hu Ctl Thua a •pi r4hne lc d noloc c11 l AC'mo rA cc h 111 T t llluhed LO WhLch the -S lp ' 1 o•uc b lmbcl' w i m tho r np-ona 1 0 U- ' 11up aor11oni f11l hter an d tht1 M tio h Z hRhh r- W l ll tn turn a n •pon cict to tho up r-aoruc bornb- ir ht l h m11 1 11 1-ll ' Ou II t c hn 0lo 11tc al r- - 1 ' devclop 'd mtc one botwo1 n tht • •n· b h y ol 1h rnuuJ 4 '0trt' HI • 4in e l u ack i and thi tr offenu c c 11p a bthuc-11 a 11n •I t-nf 1ny m u 11lled Th - U ral U S • 11 c d 10 o be do ployo d lhct Atl io D m J Ttlnn J wf'r e g l crvoi ntc muodc a hi 'h h 11 d a ___ __ _________ _ _ ' tia 1i11-c 1 -Jlli _ •• _ - _ 111--- · ··- ·· ---- r · - • - - · - 1 i - · · - • 5 7 - i-r- ·-f i t · I• rc-lc ti01 tima of l Sc tnl nula4 Theoo n ullea c 0 1 l be fat 1led and launchi _d - i be-tween the 'tm• t n mv bomb ra cro1111ed th DEW Une a nd the time thf'y r-c u -h d the ndo oile 1it o ollnd thue1 wcr-c- 1nu·viv4bh in the ftu e of bomb r o t ck Hcrc o wt r u 1 1 manned tho Soviet IC BM thrHt dGvelope'd thca m us- i iUea wua -eph1 ccd by hc rdened nnuUea deployi d iu h i r-dcncd riUosi TI- i quiJot for urvh· bihty hd io lh dcvelcpmont o rh• Minut crnAn mi aail '1 irhich wa o amaUer· oohd luttled mballe 11lh 1 1 4hOtt t a ct i on ti mo and t ho Polan• rnu10 de rwh1ch u·hiev d Uo - u -v vabllity by oubma rina e1in3 Bcrcauac- o l the 111dt oI in dfu·Uvo d e f enu aa li nat the b a llhtic ml1i • dUe· the- U S daptC d ol polt Y oJ df't -rr I Cct 11 a R• delenae p0Hcy whe reby ii cl- irl' -tf'n-ed with 1uw Cept4ble mu aivo p olf I U6I J1 nai k t-r- f'V 'nl uf hu -'1ot r1t••u m retdiAilOn n lhci Wh h th U S mt4-llilc bui '- 'P wll a in reGponoc tc the dev-uloping USSR mu1ul thrc L Uic gl'O lo'lttl U s t l'ly iJppc a r•d to be provo ' u ve to the USSR o nd wu mt oUc orcc g im thQII inte rprct d by theu- rntbU1ry ludeu l S Th u the Sovielll apparently cono id'el'e d thcil' m uile force u 0 detni-ent 111 in41 an attn ck br the U S on the USSR and a DLh 1 uon of mu uat d e rr ncc ac llmot mG 11ai-vt- ut ai k ia -c o uuderC d o Howev r- thq S ivtcl mh •tle11 d f' pcnded upon •« r q of location 1ol e i at aur-vtv 1btlUy l' ther than upan h 1u•-Jneu The Sovu t 1Tnaule11 wer-e df' lloy tl wtth two l i h r-w lo compl e i and two niuoil • to a launcher the11e c-0 0• ple • i icl't ll ic comple l •• d 1 bout -4 mde• ap a t • J formed roup ot three It -• f i u• j l n hu1 H1u 11hOn i weU-pl •ci -d I• mt nrn l 11 r- w -llpon 'Q'vtJld J tf ch'lrd' ' nf'G aCe ·1 wdve Sovtt t mt• 11 d 11 innc·e thf' l thal r-31di u• of' a l-rni j bomb with an ov r -prt uure ol J pai a 11 10 000 feet A maJo r rn11u1b1hty in the hypoch •Lr ed fr- rn th«- 5•• ·uH nAL ll 1U nC'ct it •- p01 n o v1 D 1 n C ew o cvu•ed 'llh the de- el opntcnt l l'C r- 2 t whtch p f c•- im bl y l' I of 1T1utu l dt tcrr ne e Vt llled l he loc a tLOI Q o r 1 • the U • r- con 1he So-v1 et mu mad • tht m 'Uln t r- abh - tu U S h 11l et ulr e • 11nd uw11 li Ued their m u11 le tn h t rde 'l -d a nd du P r·eed l11 unch fac1 h u e-1 l 55 i-lu llovak' ' Pl' u- r • V 0 '' M1ht i-- - Str•lellY• qd Declr-U'I• And Con Qp a• N Y L%-l _ _ II _ 'IJ if _ _ ' 11'1 _ -1 - - - - - - ____ _ _ _ - - _ _ • - 4 •1 • ' • • D · Hcwavcu· • ci b o v c 1 00 pot ancre a n hudn_Q-110 h n f c1i110 bec g oi c 'ti' tho rudluo o tho Up o l tho crater - · b-ayond th a i'adh1 t of tho everpr a urc Uthe 4CCuracy yield i nd rellll bllhy of tho opp-oMnt•1 1 tnillCJilea contcuz cl tradg nl' o ouch a a to c 1unn o a tu Ih kUt prob a bi Uty ct a M 00 p II l ov a rp ro uu re t nc r 1 a ed ha t'd a r l n hl inaU ecti ve a nd othc r m lhoda eI bllUy mu11t be- oo lo it 1111 ou --i no c •1rvi va • Th n n tllY uu h 1 d i incrauint th• tNmh-¢1 1 of mu• 0Uce to m nt U n numorlc 11 l 11upcl iortty Ot d a vcilop inc l tc i rl llltl l baaina motbod o 0 uch c o lahd mobiUt y 1 1nd i'CG Cl mob Ult y 11 nd a p u o LA inn - Dauui a of th cftocUvr lnt i llCI th which o o w iro i bl c to implcm c nt tho doctrino of maD11 ho rcu aJlll tion it wu thou3hl thll l the Sovi ll mlcht a tompt a limitud milit iu•y provc nlJen '°' Thq U 5 11 anounc d in aad l %1 w-ould w 11 Ill to t %0 ne 'q' doc inG or controlled Ol' uelectivo rcop01uo whereby it poool blo to t up ind to llmited Sovl et nuclo 1 r pro· oc 111 i ona l11 ti Umitad - a y and thu a how au ' 1 ea0Jvo 10 employ out Q trat s i c l or-ce without Thl£i moc Urted doct dna ro-qwud gre 11ttu· QG ld blllty h1 lhe omma nd and Ontrol 1 1yi' ltem and ln m uno tllre cuna Thooc r-oqui r etnento Led to the dc l' l oprn M • it Minutclncvi t bly t 10 c c l -tlna a poeaiblc c 0nihc t to 1to ldtimn ic lunit D mll n Win a VI whkl'I u mn improved mi u lc WI th laru G r pa ylo a d pa bi Hty a n Q Cu r 11 cy of O -1 1u1 utictd mil and c 11 n b fi r ed a11a in a1 llny oC en pre oto r d tact' itoh Ao mo ro i nd rno r _ mi o iulu - ere dept yc by th ' U S aru USSR oomc t»rc ono behe -cd th t tho Sovu 1 mnuio o-rce ou ld dc t cl' tho U S nu a111lc fot e Eu rope II• l't 10 ponae 10 i use' the- c onv nuoa L m i l1Uu· v - u ac k on W otern 'ha Brth 11h hr•' • and b 1C'r- 1 ht Frf'cu h -11 rcued th C 1uncci- tha U • S waa uln•u•a bl11 to 11 So - t nuc l chi P au a di • - tJ S - r0u d o - i l tho USSR u ek ' ' ' 11 tern Eu rope n 0t uo iu • rate ate T htn both n u o 1 decidctd t o doveJop their ow·n d-ouu·r i t nt for l• 11 1 D rth11h fQr Uu p-il 'p O cl of cornmtttinci the U S to ih do t nnc a nd chc Fr tn h co h a v an u 1depon«iu1t nuc h1Al' Joetor • rent • Th i t to provocauon i 1i 11 i n•t wh t d- ' i111u · ' r-ot 11ha Uca1 w 'i u id be un Ju OU U bl o on m1hU rv 11nd h h1 d f 1ro1u 1d1 0 - -· Doc·i uu tho U S wao conearnctd t1 bo t thci dcncc l'll a nocuittJd th mdep1mclont nuclao r forcu o th i t tbo lmUndvo lo bci in a nude i t· w-u wbu h wci· rr u1 1t rt tc ipato tn w ould pa u out of 01 1 r hAnda into ho c of an Uy tho U S• i nnouncod He dopticm of n ccuntar-lo r-c o dactdnll in the An n u·bor ap-au h o Sact cUu•y c f Dcfen o Mc Na mo H • 6 In tbi t opeech the ui cr tuy Announced thllt the U S wl l o ma only A do p U ne USSR miUtary forc e o in Iha cvf't'U u a Soviet ot a poH q· o i nJ u ll y t 11 rite t - ll r ii nd ovoidinn atnk w 1 dvU 11 n r - - 1 fo Uon untuo drhl'Gh to U by lln attac on tT S popu• Lat l on a bonco • • t Q i r o gh-inti a poui blo 0pponc nt tbe •tMn gul lmllainAbl Q nccn tlv 10 rdta n from AtrU inJl ha inta1 dcd to muc 01 u· c Jo11 r o-•r t 1u10lvu to defend 4 U Cick and ' i ua ccuUnua tho c -edi Uty of 01 u• ciUeo ' 01 n• In thi II atat ment a Uc 1 in the v-enl of i n dc rr-ent 11t ' t1 ay Tho GU11cU '• m tement ihon o ouc·h a coua 1erforc ' ot t a v de n d 1 pon tho c hiu• nc·t nt a Uc cf the we i pono Q ·1u J ' bl e w tu c h 111 u h• s h 11cc ur 1u y fic tH itc tA ri c- •• 'd dhcUvc CQMmand 1ind t nntrol cha f c lci- ri tU c o howav ct f' o e- uctl y tho U' -re-qul red 10 hT pl em nt a tfrat i r ihuC' 11trtke C p iib illty l 'll do Uy it cou p t d With ar C'at 1 1 pe 'r1or-1tr tn nu mb r• Thi lo thle doc lrin --nay 'U b •nt rpre-t d by th USSR u rn tntanUon on thG r-t of the U S lo dcv lop A prc• 'rnpUvc ct l -1kt ' ' aip i l Hht · hl thf' li ht oC the ctt ri'C'nt ovi11t fore dC ploymC'nt th 'l r r 1pun• m_ y of •upon11 br- o 1ot k al1 ern atc b l1i111a acht rnl • Co 1mpro c •urvh· bd 1ty a nd i lao l dorloy mor11 n' a11llo11 11 th y •dopt Cha latter co11t•e • th n the at n• 1 11 m ay Ln tt'4UIOG B it • p 'l C 4' T 1chnoJ01 kAl fl'ln •auo·n S ot _C e 4b1l 1Ur1 and R1i 11p inae j ft _ _ 14 i C' 1-PIIIII u- i-_ _ - w w - ' - ' critetton l r thcit dyn tnli 11 of the continuin11 h11ng1u in thc i tr itl 'c c fo n ee o ' c on tcnd ina cipponen u deplayfl flt t Thio pro• t'aa of the -conhnuinc d vetopm n Ard et new wu pon 11y11tem c 1 Tho fl rat Le d to a number of pon1 blf nu 1 ' Hin11 La i 11p1 u hoK i rm• r te rilt lmptll to improvci t- ia O' tffl 1n hi ' h occh contender po1nUon 1 dAUv11 to th 11 or hia o iponont by cithc r dt pJoytna more weapr -1' 0 or we11poru1 of 1mpt oved ch - tct iatic 11 'I hu·c ll ta 4 numbor 0l waya in wtuch 1111 h 11n ill rm11 cA c c cAn devetop The i rcit ia thAt a 11 di aido beh vca the Lntenhon t o hi a opr onc n t 11 re a u rea 111ve and c ich 11ide 1 1temptG to butld up a c p abi lity are tcr than t hat 0 hu1 oppon11nt A 1H1co11d way h ono a n v ihich on ' con tend er hiu only incompLetc infor• m1 h 0n regi rdinc th othc r' 11 rllt cgLC ctlp a b liucit anJ ru1ponda on the b i111t• ot th mn t imum o tirn to of Mo opponenl 1 1J tt'en a lh A third way i111 ono in Mch on a 11ido lxiliav o lha tither to b l m1 r 111wa A nd i mpietn11 n U a deter • D nnt ponura l'ho implcmcnt tt ion 0 tha deterrent po4tur-q sa in tur-o ntH' - prl tcd by hh epoonent iu1 a l urth r- andu auon of a n o gsreaah·e intenhon llnd the opporun it Curtb r i c cderatu hul ru·mo bt1ddup The po a1bilniu of 11uch rnhin llllrpretcUon11 a ra l nhanced in n env1ronrncnt t n whu h hl •am we•pvnn • r I uo J C1 1rr c Ce- 1• 1 wc 1J ulCen uu e p1 1rp- t11e-1- 1 a uL the 4'1C wi th btllli 11-hc mia ath • · ft i• now ge ne ally t e-alu 1 d th U tn order to C bt n a d1 uwe a d v an lli1J C over on • 11 opPoQncnL one m1 u1 h a 1 th e ca1 4 ln hty a d •I rroyu Jt l no1111 h o 0no'• opponent'• nr tcRLC fon· • 10 roP dl lce the d m C' of• rr ta h • ator-y blo' tl to n ac e p l bl't lcv iol tp ab1ht y lmpli o th ncl ' 'UUy Su 't- -i of having A numcrLcal 11 1pcr1 o r1t ' rn C - h 'I' •y terttm and 01 1fh · 1 1'1t ll cu rillc ' ind IGat rtu u c •c11 p4b i L11 v ao that th cn m · • f H·cc an be dc11t ro d Furlhcrmor in t t d r or- au h 1u a t r$ 11u•1 i 1 · p a bd 1ty to ht' 0 111 dul u m1 1ot b c 'lJ 1 Cd U ona ud Uc- mi • 111 th other udc • Corc d to ita r lh' th · lu Qb1 ii n a h r•t nnk- 'llp 1-b -hty 1 rq lbLlLt ' of h i 1l for •cc to tho D ' _ _ __ -i 11 ' - - -- ___ l IM ----- 11 i• ill ·- 1 I'- f ' I I t' I l f 1 I f poull wh fe t- e ia a blce to uitun k 'I the othcir C •• Z i · Th re uc cf wh ich m ti y 'bo to out o nd the oppone nt The Uni9uc Wc a n e c cond ahatcnie a itu iUcn deter-rent u1 p 1bil ity n1Jmber of av• in blch one o i do c obt 'l in Urmt i iu· iko i p bUity ' ' e r ·'t f io one in which one o1de dt-vefopo a we i pon ay Hem of a dilrnent kind Such a a ituadon ic behe ved to h vc c1d11t d in Europq from the end o Wurld 'for- ll to about 19SZ when the Wc11tarn n i tiane poe 1•111u d - n c fiel t h--e rnon0poly of nudr 4r -«1e c pon i nd tbenby a-or a 11 b c to C1Uocllvoly dater Soviet a11era oi 0 by the thn i t of 1£rllQ acltlc nucJaa r n i ultuion Sucb ic o ltuuicri a d'Way oi i tranuent cne ba1 i 1 U1e lh opponent witho1n the nc c ap a biHty llleekc lo obt i in i n thci po11t-a'ar Of' l the ussa dLd i oc hin c to jGopa r diu thaii - ability to obtlti n nuc le r ' l t 11 poo4 i lc d thQ a u·w b Plll·n for the on trol of atomic wu pon C-l Ucd bcC AUQ C of thin naaon D lN O th a ussn would be fti'tinz up a de llll'e ol tc11 hnol011J ll l carity o thh tho U S il lt had 11 arocd l•• ht i B r-uch Plan The m Ain lfl fl QCc of t du 0loa ic aJ rity vc-n amonm ir lJin • 1ppean l an deq11 ue detor rent lo not o V1ub bto or tho uniq1 1a o p ln then it a pouut on by n aairr·n• il1VC pu lrer may b- dec i11 iv 0 1C i 1111 i i u11tc 1u pt uc th e c 1 t1u1equenc • ii to be n fundun arntal u iom oJ h itornaHonal rr tl-lltiOM 9 enhar Germnny or th USS h ld be n the nut to ob1 un nuclea r w c i por111 and h id maint d nod tb a l mono Oly 1n tht citr 11 tcai1 a icu i non c h 1ude feeh t iar i obu in n'l 4 i i tor-c a 1uona enou ah to d etet hso oppclf t 'ni i M vc d i nd mAi n to irMtd can be coT o idc red Nb nee 1t u1 1mpou • le dcd aivo dv ll n l C ' r ita opp on n t --d u1 Ctmtent 1 jl rlth rn a 1 M un U b th is 1 Such a poanton if i c a · 11t bl a oa h nc 8'l i - i ic opiX ncrnt11 t c ri ncm - ' 'l J lO e111t abh 11 h ouch a ha l - lhe n e ach m u ot b 1 ure l t h 1 111 c c rt k e a n· o re improvemtl'nl v hic h r i i 111t ' r • p -ei c -d ao n Ut mpt to move 3 n y from lhu1 po11 LUon to a ht 'U c ri p HI 1Uori - _ _ 4 - --- ill-t _ t ' ill ' i m rlEl N • _ - _ 'W l i _ _ - - - r - r 1 - 1 c a l 1 t L l i • • -• •• 1Z9 D vr1h·umo ro Q l O oc-· both 11ldcu tn1 1 y m11 b co undart Aka c h11ni cui In tto or co ' r itr i tu ro wt deb • mU o c h tulco tho Wnn co and th1 1e d omoqctrc to -to ltci oppona at Tho o nro dJCnc l iaa in rc i china c nd mll l ntiiJnths ha lanced mut d-ater rcncc otit1 1tc0 ll Flroi io tho pl'oblcm th at tho c11tim 1 tu ohvh t c0n- 01 1 tblo cll Ucn mcy tli fe omoac opp oncn ta tnc U tho i b r tariatic 1 1 of tho c1 1p-0n ayotcrna ol a bly dlUcrcct L f t h it It doattoo o ch a cltw ition ·•· l Thh ta pll-rd c ul arly O Q Cb At tho pfooo-CLl limf I tho U' S m nin alhe1 1 1 •ldo a u c o ni idn· lr I I I l 11u riornv uf n1unboro oJ delivery ay11to-rno o i1b r a a the USSR m iWn4 a oupor- ority i n tho doUvorabZ o yield r wocpon In 0 u b i c ltu it ion aa cb mny mnin• tll J n that t ba atbo r poeooooac a pl'O•CmpU vc ca b l Uty da Tb a OQ cnd cUlficult y Lo the preoa1 1r a Cot lectui ologtcaJ chl e J• Th to may o rh o I rem 1 nu mwr of aourcoo i ncludlnc t he dHh' i- fo r lowcc- c oatc hnp rovcmcnto n P r ormanco nnd ourvh1 1 biUty ptc1111ur oa C 'luocd 0 · by c u 1t a in lUeo nd o p pon onto r d the ic11hc dc-adloe l c ntc-uUona 10 bH u tho ur i tcolc 'lnaUy rha ra ta the difflcuh y ol th mi1dnh l'preu Uon 0£ enemy Tho 0Jo-crdown n thi r1tle of s n ii • buif •fo J in a f'm 11 m •nt may be dU' to 1tc0n imk pre 1uu -o yet th a int nt to ri Ac h a fl rat rnrik t ipability i m i y GUtl exiot and U1 1 impl m ltation may he me-rel y po4tponcd I' '· a •r t a cl the dJl tc-ulU-c1 1 th t ' ie mut 11 l m 1111iv-c d ten-enca oa u ill UJD t H p r ovldco lln Y rnbrella undoi - wM h aare ulon by c inl •on• tlon u wa d iro cu n tx C 6 'l'ktl out 't lith teLotive lmpqnHy and thu• b icomcra lnclfac Uvo ln dctorrlna auch 11 c g r ouu n In Oqch ii 4atwi Uon an h Uy d u bt• na ih111 roaolvo of tho n a Uo po11uo11ina tho otntcak d t ln'l nt nQ ' cr a ato Ila tndo1 ¢nd1 1nt n uc leall' lorcoG to e ppear to bc i C'l ltl tudut whother uo Uy u11o ul o not eithor Ao a dcttcr r ent or to fore a tho rtu1 aU to uu ito otrl l• out togl WctQpoM 'f'hu4 tf ctlvci c ontrot of tha prir - pa I dctotti nt rnay DG ol tho hando ot Ua c nar A o tiafilctor-y i ol1al H1 of' thla 11Lt i4 Uo n h c J not All ye bc4 n lo md _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ - w _ _ ·- t l i- • -m tM _ --- - ----- __ - -- - ---------- • - - - • - - -- -·- I I lf r - - - - - - - - - - - -- - -- - - --- i 1 l· l ffl Ctc of F'Ut u -c Technolo ical Ocvelo ement J on Strat1 1g 1c Stob Uny C -- - - h fn e amfo ina po a oiblo a t l'tltectc attur iU On G U pp¢ U that ho onJy recten ably l t c b a ano h thb t of mutwil dQteucinco t eC hnol 01 ic il chan oa tviU bo a11 uct' ld t 'I 1t h1 on tbi11 b t iA th u Su teeu c i P-'bilUicc which m 11y be acquired throu h tc c hnoloclcat ch c llco indudo hnproved aurvinbtUW •a untc111c Corec liret au·ik a c llp lhUuy rie1 luccd c0Ut1to r- l d a m i cc ampz-ov d intc Ugcncc '1Ad COAlntoi-for c c C4pa l ll iiy I n e tu1mptina to a u u 1 theui c a biUtiu aa aU1hiL u1a o r doaubiltaic l H muot bo onoiuet d whetfo u· U Q lmpl ovomcnt can b-o inhn preccd by u- Inc-my • an impro 111d tint H r iko c apabUity it l 13 1 u b l llY th ct the opponcnf cnn rup md by th r t1o11tani n11 tho 11urvtvobUity cl the flr i lot-ecz lmprovnd OUE riva h Uty cf tho iin a tcBie lorca ii i conHdn d to b a t bU l '4-in a b CAu ao it rad •c u tho d na or rom a H r- • t a nJlUon lcu10 ptonc to lnwt b a p ro•e ' ' ptlve at r Uu can ch- na a r 11pidty aod i i l l i k o and th u 11 mllku St 1r-vtv - bihty howt'V I melt'° a n i nvul neuble tot cc · ouddenly becoone vulnorc bta Improved ccura cy and Tara c t l« o hon 1ntcUisencc c a n d u troy thll' 01uv va bU ly a hardened cm pl a ced mi oaUe• Accor-di lg to lh above -Arsumant U toUowii th i nel ha r a•d ct o hould Attempt to h icrcta • the •dnt - • thtUI bility e l the oppon lnt• o fore • howev l on OHie may A••o th 5atnbit ncru 1ung the vulnt-J' l bitUy ol hn opp0n1H'l••o fo 'ca to uae hlrn lo Q lnCl r 1te the 11u rviv11 biH y of hn forceo and lhua ·r educe lha monvu cn• for p r • unptk 1 l ncz ci i ne of ouch ti 8 a mbi i f' i pond er m c ntetpret onf ' 11 ull ot n irh-11 t thot oppon n m a y l the- r o · - r How v r 41 h 11 tdc lln - i d d lU mp1 o me re-ue ht- t1urvLvehih IY ol th1 •1 l'illf'Ct fore ' ir d auch AU mpta ohou d bo l 1 tnpre ed u we ltpon a wM ch dqftn oivci and 1ot ibdi un An 1f 11u rV1v tl ahty 111 ac htov d wi t h bci c 211 nd uh ne l y pr o hic ed u1d deploy d o that t hci oppo nent lo l1u1u·e1 o tho tc o of the forcll' or LU accu r11 cy wh ch or1 ronu lum hQ m11 y b ' mcw ited to r·tAtt' 11 l rt er orcc- to a uur i h 1t1 ·v v¢ b1hty __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _M _ _ - WI _ - m - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ f 1 n r ' l - _ - r tr ·• I i ' • I · i r D A firot 11triko cll p a bUUy c p ab to of z-cduc1nc the d a m ai lrom rc b Haliol to i n i ccept 1 blr lc -v L la d 11d d dtl blU z ir g b-e 11a it orce11 lhc opponc-n1 to 1n1 r a A hhi force 11be· ind to dcpJ ey new wo pon11 which conUniaac tho ziune rncc An n ttempt t o develop c countcdotcc ci p f bility wou td 4 1110 l¢c d to c tp abUity for a Out t1tri ke i nd w0t1ld probAbty b thua nterpretcd by the enemy Coru equ enUy the develop nenl o 4 c 0untcr orc-- u p i biUty 1a con aiderf'd u b in11 dc ot th iUunc unl e H 11upp o rted b · c on- ·i ln g n a 1ior1•l policy ol nor n hich ucb cap bHity rn i1 y b properly c hoa n reg rdl - • oJ at bUity al ildnc 11 rin How •vcr there may itcu m11tAncea undt r mplic tionf fo -- elltllmpt e lhc uae o cuunteor-for c by th 1 S to r d l ·c d cim ge frotn t hoo c USSR lotce111 um in1na a USSl liut •tri k ' Accur- i t i u 1He cnct prev nto reGp0n11 e on th ' baoi 11 ol overeati• m11lco ol th oppon c nt • c bilitico ind in thia w y i o ota bilis D Ho'Cl Yel lntclU enc c- • a_ itht rina i iyotema have be-tn cr-itid i cd a i b inlit eat abUi1dnJI c u•e th y provide u r4ctinf1 1nlor-m 11H0n n 1 cuutry tor a pr c emptive otriJ e The ou b U inc u 1 to of he fiut dfec1 1 1re co u1Jder c- to b-e more i mport 11nt th l' I th c dntamU inn etteu o ihe o cond and hence intellii tcnc-e- 4athcfi ni sy at1 UJ1i1 rl onaider d II II ina •tab1lu 1 a i n u c Iona r- n F rom 1he- pr-ecedin z d socuuion h c n be con duded th t d1011c i m1 ro ·em nh whu h tend to Ln 'rea• h 11urv1 · a biht · of the •lr-4h•iti reta liafoqi tor • but wl ud do no• requ ir increaooi • in numl cr of 'caJxm1 1 d ploy d• and 111y•tc -na which mp -•' ·· - ttiform Uon l'e11ar rnlI the oppon cnt • fol' e •tructure ilu• l bih una- Th lr •hi ch mi1t t y eld A pr • cmpt ve e i t Jn · rn-ty bt- con ud r d deo t h•lu rnri •ubjt-ct to polky nd oth r On• 11 ider auo H b ·ond Now s t 1 lht 'Opt• of ttu • tu dy c-0n 1uder the dCecto of apedfie teehnol op i c l dovdop• mcnl • upon the ot ratt 1 c b l lar c i n an enYiron·mc -nl cf mutual d1U 1•tenco W1th i n th hn 1 h l'llJ u 11urnpbon• -' 1 givrn bov4 1 t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ a - - - - i - - - - ' l f --- ' 7 ----- ---- -- __ ---• i ' S 'h' ' ' ' - - -- _ _ - - ' · ff -c ' · ·· ·- J - t F r ' 5 • I M' ' l iJ 4 i LJ 1 - D Ulatlc liaaUo On·e1loomo nt c Poocl l Jo irnp t l- ct ioctll 111 b J lUot le inlootl11 ayl'llcimo hi ch ado lmp ovt d -1 ccu r c y ln ctcQ Occl C'-1 -vivabiUty mlcb m l Y be achkr d thra ah incua ncd i i 1 rdno 1111 l lnd mol lUey- u c do tor- m0hl Uty0 • len lcr rn cci i tc ilcd 11t0r 1 c o inn do rmcn t GUI to 11 u·ao P'-Yl o o d rnh11 1Uoc improved pcoo• tretioo tudo cnll m l FGUcc mth tbc olL fflo or l ccz-u n i-l p ot'form -n icci o f c utr·cii t m l o oUao imp rovcicl c on i tnll ld Qtld c·ontrol ayotarna tn rc uu d t i aaa • cd fl c x I ui rc 01 tcs a -re ru i Aceu l'll c y l nprovad Q c 1u•u flc l'l U to bo i1Jt4b Ua1na b u llUGO It 1ercu Iha cp On 110 to aUhor doploy mor-o mtuUu • to dav-alcp ci ltornato b a 01c Gch mo-o to r i u int 1 in u •A mo for- c 11 ti'll'viv it itity Hoaovcr lhla c·cuntoucd00 i1fut co np i tion m oy UQ uit 1 11 f'OOhton o 11roct n r • ot abHityD Tho d1tvol opm•nt c n w oJ na c oncopto ·u oi lld 31-Go i rnpl y tho d c pJ oym n of nnt mu 11U on in c JdU ion ro tho on Ga c qn• nt y dGplcy cd lll d t i 1 u1 D pP40 r to bQ pr•• ompUv lo th o ponc nt tav in U1a- couah1tmloatl o rol e oppon 11 nt a n t o in Iii pp ar nU y U tboy i ro o l ao bi i hl y a ccu rot a nnd i iffoc A Th i iti u·ca o r n1 c ur-4cy ctn prcvo o 'l ho Ft nAll y nc t cu od p rc empt hrq poll ill¢ ac-c-u l' ' l • m a y ri 'dU ' t01 t dllm•rte c 11 uaed by on 110 t roaaor U th at por Uon d hi 11 fo ce not Launched m tho f1 rn e t U e c iin t or-y tor- b be dec11trQyod by tho re t D U • lb rde r-t 2_ Thfl' h itd l'rJ o1 rnioai u -c n ldere d o bii ata bih11 irin bo c u a it me re• 4 • thG aur'-'i v4btU t y of th mu iU i f-fo cr v r • O Cf c U Yq harciii-nh g -•n only b - pr-ovided to a bou t 000 pe1 uvorpnu rc and if h r-dl nrn L u r11 quir c1 other crutu rnr 11 no 01 pi-r vldi nc 11u rvl -lisbil ay mu 11t GO' cbt i lu ch m4y 1-idud11 ri cthc d11fenoci y hU'n a or illtcirnah1 baalna Gc· h0mg 1L ii • I ii r r • ' 'I • ' -1 - 1- • I P 133 D -·' __- ·I· c l U11d1n tQ r ohiUty - J f ' -c Ui idcu·oao mollillty lo cob ildor d to be n i 1tractivc tn-rll nu ct cchJ ovin r f f· 11 1 1 rviv bUity b lcll u a ol t i o o tc aalvo c0n c t hnent vclumo 4f'fotdcid by t bo oi lln• At th prooonl t£ ma 11ubma1'inao enjoy conoldorob o r a aty aa tne t at cl Bocll ut ic i the coi 111tr11 cU0n of oubma d nu ppaare to bo r-ala Uval y cuy o mon HH there aet mil to litUo- da n cr of the covert de ploym o 01 o euh u1 r inc 4ti ua ch cd mi u Ue II · Dd c on11 oqu e nt tli l i m Ul- nll o ch1- 1vl na l IUr 'h L•lh u M i h · rnl 11tahi ti11m1t if adaqua to produ ction con• trolo tlro pt cqd on t h 0 aubronriMa d i dt-quato omn- d con1rc ta i b1aye1 prooont d ' 1 Mob ility L i nd mabUit y ill c om e tlmc a lhau h o f 1 1 c • mean d of pro- vtdi oa u i -viv a biUty bdc o ot t he hldina a forc d 4 H cvu h 11 difficuh to ha de n a mohlto oyctorn IM yond a bout JO po i and 1t may he pociaible ta 1 ccimplotoely b24' ot the 11 uc lo oC 1hJ ch hH m i 1111ilea l ll'CAt r ovorpt oaura -Clr t deploy 'Wllh 4 u'lothc' dl li culty with th r d mobile mluUo coti c pt ia tho f11cet that the a o 11y 11u1m a mo y be c 0 ' r t l y p r -oduc d l d d•• ployad And it ill diUlcu lt lor the opponent lO del rr u nc the threat hi ho y therefore rc11pond number o t miuUoo c QQ _ ruch -0 4ld Enu •c dnn the b i ici ol lln ovuc11Un- Uo of tho doatabiU intJ e• uh t ed nd Hi dd t • Mi b f i I u Enc i poul a tod a nd h iddcn mhuilu u dhu ned in Volu ma ll S4ct ion VJ appcu· to blt un cfCec th•o method of Lncr-e 1u1i nu lhc a u r vtv ' ability c tho miuUc iorco· How-even ouav•v a hUlty in th h con tpt mcy lxi obb Jncd by d aployin c tt t 11 r110 ntimbc- r ol doeoyo thu• cJvini h 1 appq4-nnc 1 cf a l rct i i l m i n y rno r a mi nil 11 th In o ro aclut ll y depl oyed Such a 11 yo tom o ccno-id•r·ed to b-o do11tll b U Ult i f it cauuo 't ho cnorny io conaido r h h • I I 1• I for co t1 1 bet vulneuble o atu1ck by th o c m i a aUt111 C· t -- - 0 '• -------- ---- - - --- --- - -----·-- -- - - u __ • -1'9' 1_ n _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ -·· - - I r Ii- 1 - 't·· I _ • I f Tho d1 1vclopmcn t cl poulbly be dc111t nb Uith ic c diveC · of o n3h tci re c VOf'V fornci yt d mJ u Ue11 may l i --ce yl03d mb11U1 11 could b-c u1 1cd for t he i •' ld - i rhead a multiple wuhet1 d or- to inc re c the penetrutlon Cll bUlty ni dncc • ci ctive ddt n11e 11y-1tem if 0nt1 eJdate t Slnc c in co ne r tl • 4 large mu•i le coua mor e 1b n omaU mt ilo but not prop c r tJo tcly i - one- would x pt-ct fc'lll'e' brae miaaih1 fo c- D fo rci W'OUJ d ulnera bl to h ct ot dke tb¢OO atvcn e pcuditu -c A 4lnot ll numcl'Q l lil • hiahly 11 'Curate lf bed and e U h rden1 d Hc iicci tho dcptor nent or ama U nurnbe-u of l r a c miuiZeo i n i t ed in1u Hati IOO u1 concidcrNl io b e duu1bUi1 1 n un Ze1u1 they a r-e auppleni nted by l l'CI numb or a of other- mi110 Ue0 • 1 dm they r-epr o nt pt'ovocative l a rcet11 C • Sm all IC8Ma Tho modvti Uon for th d vel opm nt o u •m4U JCBM m y b4- to taci-er11 1ct cu rvh- Q b l U1 • be nuoe the11e1 mi1 111ile• are t'll• er to htlrden r r ake mobile dciploy b the hlddcn end ncapaul cited mod or ·th at mo ' ' c 11 - 1 4- boucht for a alvcn b lda et tevet Thci 1 'ffecta on atabmty hn ah·n dy been dhou111-ctd nnd depend u pon th¢ method oC dcployrn nt Onc-- c -st bm ing u ct of 1J moll mbiaU' 'O io the duced ti t'-Ut with 'W'hh h tht'y tno y be c o v 'r-1ly pro • Pent'tnti on Aldo The t1 va ih1bUity oi t' frc-tiv pt nee r--11n0n udm ii s-'1 n1n an flC•tive dd n11c - t m may b n dC c t1v mc- i nc of dt'terrini d'le opµ n nt from aucmpUn- to dep loy an anU • b iillhtic mi i ui lc 'l y • c m thou1rht Ln the U S th• 1u thti 0Ucm1111 ihllit i i y i 11 11 It i II c uner- t the o d t lnt -c_-t 0 l'f if' t he d enc1e tind foreae-a i blc de fr i· · oy tem c an c onnte rt'd n r1 u hh ' oppon- ni --l o- _ 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 111'1 ' i - - - P J 1 •' I 1 D l I ' ' ' ' ·' • I i i iotorrcd from tho dovalopmcnt o l a n active bclU1 1Uc mlG aUo dC1fon110 oyo- tom tba atratotilc bclti r co ta not upocit Cc ecqucntl y tho dovalopmctit of dlecUve po tr tlon iud11 to-ndo to 1n bilbe the tcichnot0t ic '1 l u·mc r ic o Comm11nd inJ Conlrol Syoti m 11 1 Improvo d c·omrnllnd nnd coatrol ayoiemo with tCAtel 11ur-vi ' i bUU y tend lo incrc i OC the- QuravabUilv of the c -Uro for c n nd to b1crcuc the controllability of the mluUci tor c in o poat• U ck environ• mcnt th1 u cnh a ndnc tha etleclivene110 o the aut '•• ·•nR force- ln rc-t i U a - i to ry oir i1 c Hcnc c l mprovc d cm rn nd D n d cont r-ol oy • tcm11 at c c on o i de rc-d to bo 11tab iU 11ini lmpr·oved Ronp J lnc rccaed nr1ge on th'I rt o f lhe U S m 1 y iacru iu tt-le c r Jdibtlity ·o our mia iil n a11 u cd to dctoerrent aaatn4 otht r po-ta tu ch Commu n iat Chlna i i nd tht t I lnc r-c i acd r ctna e Cll n be conr Mcred 6 G o at'1bilh in4 davalopmcnt lrom lhct U S ct1tndpoint G rc0 tly lnerc oaed ranee bnpr-01te11 oui-vivAbUUy by Uowinu itu c-lt on a t rr r11 e from -t 1ry dircc·tlcn Jt wcvar r-4ne e 1rnprovemcnt in Sovier CBMa to intercontin ntal rarl ea uld ofre r-- i dnu1hih in11 thr-u t k lmpr-oved Ta r1tetlnn Fle x ibt lity T a r-gct ing fle i r ibiMy n the po11t- 1 tu1ck •riv ronment pro- vidu '- numb-er Q Advi lnta3e111 n u 1h 11t ihe hiih cal pr-iodty tar- c c u O C the enemy i-em n lnerabfo in 11pi1 ol wc-akeninc of th ' retaliator1- force alr1 c e tho t -0 rc- iUnlI luu 0£ th e rcitllli i t •v lor e c n be r-dated on tho bzu1la oC thoH mlaalle11 aurvivtnu n r11t '1 a trike Aho i t' Foct- 11 tu ck rec onna i 4I l1Gnte in orm Uon 10c 11 vAUabl th-11 eurvivina mI011U a can b-e Hn d I r I aa amat unfired 1Tna 11Ue i and th'-lt Uin I the p ilc-nlial ctui'l aec in aut i 1 uont A n'°xiblC t 11 l'tt hna CllP4bihty o d pendent up on Ll o cwd i ncc aya• att• h -· i m l'nd c ompu 1 eap i bHUleo 11nd c llo upon tho cnpa bUlU a o the c ommA HF j''I I 1n r1 t10ul 1L J J fr t·r n •' @ '· -· • - f J ' i-S'U · - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _t w i u _ _ t _ _ _ Q l U l li I 1- i- - - - - -- - t _ _ _ m J nc '4 _ t ll • - _ - _ ill ' ' _ -F - h - 1 - - - - - i p i #' i ·--·-- _ ----- - int rt•r -'i •· • I - • • • _ ' I · u id contrel oy um le dbli tar-gc tini in • t 4UII the capa bihh o B-cc u1H1 ol the dclc rout oi-co l n tho po ii -c ttuck c n'lll rorun c nt Lt 11 hould ·be con c d l r-t d a a o1t ib1U i - le -clcpm H l From tho pl'ci od ion du1i u l11iOD it ia c on cludcd th i t ini r u d h Atd n tt 11 widcl' ICQ mobility the d elopment o pen tr 11t 1on aida mp ro ed c orncnand a nd cont rol tnrtt e tintr fle ibiUty and e t-cnded r-•nte of the mi t ul e lo tee aH iend to c c e tho deterren t c ip 11 billty of the miu il e force 11nd 11 e utathely r itab l llr inc Noarly c ll of the 0 deva lopme-nta can be· 11 chie cd '6'i thout lhc da l'ol opa aQt o n c ornpld-cly new miuilc ciyatem b'f impr nrinet l uio110- aubayotema of the miuU1i t -cvcl' the davc loprnent or A ro o d rncbilc ICBM an ciicu ul tt d ml nil ci lb f IJ C ICBMa ' c'OUld all r-cqu lro the de'vclcpment ol i p i yl0 11 d muuUc nd om 11 U new miuile iiy tcm q c nd y m y o1 'tho d e a Uihili i t nt dcva lopm tftcll I 4 lh ihe po ui l e I new miooilo 11-y11-tema could b tdl t ly 11topr1ed l t I Con11e • u c ption o Improved a ccur-l cy could rnuictcd H the deY'CZoprne nt of • l Althouah the orb tt il bomh irdmen 11·y at m dciu not app a r- ta bt economicAUy le 1i 0 tblc with currently av U i ble 11' 'C hn oLo y there u- a numbe r o moti rlll On G tor th1 dc viel op m nt ot auc h lf ayat m whlc h 1n h-1de- fil'11t incr-e ned 11'-lr-vi v ibiltty of Uu • iet dia toT-y ore by b a1 nii 1i 1n 1-U ' 11 n d u ond i' 'du ced colLa t r d papulation dea th11 c omp ared Wlth thou • f a 1 would re cult Crom 11 n u2cl uoiina a l11nd-b a aed r iaU 1tory force For tx mp14 A Hl•Advi 11cd a nd I rrat ton al Att 1ck on U S b aud mi utteo And r DeD c ouliS re11uLt ln Almoat c ompl te de$truc tton of 'l he ttackcr ' 1 homc-l i nd b· - he o r-v '1 ' t U S r- U l1 1ory or e ' Ct tht-r ' J ld ht tl 'ne o m1Uion 1 of U S ca 1u tlti e o A umLla r- 1 tt tck on r c11 u lt In U S popuhnion de 11 tha 11 A thtrd U S 1paC c- b-4 d torC c would n u m 1Hv1S 11on 111 d ivcr1u i cauon o the threat whUc a fourth notLvA1iof tll th PQUtbHtty tha1 ponuv C ommand 11nd tO t ro l m11y more Cl co1 ly • ch t 'ved th n for c thrr IN1ing 1y mtem1 --- _ --•t __ _ __ _ _ _ 11-· t - ' - '- - - - - - · - - - -· - I li • P D U t e c ur rcady thouaht that n unmanned r t c lUtudo ns Lo not Uko y lo dcptoycd b leauoe ol h1 1 I _rc Uc biHty And nJ 119 cnu110 U - moy be •da Uvdy vuli 4tro blo to n tt mpt11 to oaeitc oi - doDl 'O lt Boc i De of t i p robl ma of rel Lo b Uf ty and vu nor'°-bUity en cClccUvo OBS ill con • I i - • 4idci-cd to bo c mc oned ayatorn deployed i n a h i c b QJU1ud0 or-b t p crh11 pe1 · '1-rl tho c ip a 2 llU icc or ov i o on or o oU•do anCO' tn lho ovont of ouad 1f i • aucb · ti yotom e a n bo nu1 do owl doady i nvulnc t a bto to 11 1uicl it may ropro- J ocnl an ott ctlvc deiu•Ten f orce nd 1huo mi nht b9· cona i doud a o a au1 b1Ua • L I int nt1u - co on tho 11tu t tlt laoC c L A nu a au I eU C M 14 oil 1t I r· - And A n1 i Sud 1l t t Sy · '1 AnU- b i lliQUC miuUe oyotoma all lnto t wo da a11ea P int dc£onoo oyct amo and U cll d frnao ay tom Point defc-nae •yotem11 ato t tbooa uacd to dd« -nd c oin4l e n ath 1-Uoa oueh aa l - 11 mLUUf l n 1 u chor o o comma Qd ccnu r wh ro 11 0 area dPenoc ay1non a arc uH1d t o dafcnd O Ctended 0 t c f lOt racai au h no tn orde 10 or l i rc or cren o Acdvc point deto n eo yotamo rn 1 1 nuun thci e u r-viv0 b ihly o erUkal lnnn U11iU0no ouch a o - om• mand c-enu • u 11 · t1cG nui y bo1 0rno 0t·tu1ctiv 1 40 tho accuracy of the o ppon ent•o miaoUGo inc·rciao lfl Ar·c11 ac - 'noe- 11yotemc havo bQcn criti1 l11cd 1 u1 b-Glna do atabUlainc C6u s e- th poooeoaor miaht be ablo to l uncb a prc • cmptlvo at U dt wNlo p4 rryin l mue-h of •h• lf'ffc Chv rrru U Uory Uon H i i vor oLnc-c it i • twn · d th 11 1 the a ' ay temo cDon caG ly Q-1 lt torod by the r 1t r1 kt OR l lll• hi 11 pop1d rel11 ti v' ty of p e netratloln a tdf Lt llipp ara t h6l active d efcnr ic yotc no c1 1nno 1 deduvoly do cat a ballu i miu lq llitt ack t t the preuont um Ha ¢iever tha d 1 Pt lopmenl of ouch i 11y11um doe111 lilt mu hua tho dove· iopmont of p nc traUon a id 'b y t o oppoMat AnU • oa1 Uhe 11y11t rna wQ1 Jld protablv de p loy d • c inm A n 1Uon - ould prob a Wy mah to contlnu tbo rc 11•11 rch And cu p Jora tory d ni lopmcnl cf thaao ayotcm11 J 1 1o l - · L l 0 ------- --• _ _____ ____ _ 11lt - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ·- ------- - -·---- -a I•-- 'I I i I orb U l bomb 1udme n t •y •Uf'mlll ialtholict b haro a a •'Hr tho 'JUtion ef uao of d a c0'y·t1 by 1h4 bomb 11 rdmant oyati m a riaoa l _ __ _ ht • _ -'t ' • a I he c i n 0 th - - I I _ - • r • _• J _f ' j • • t f • • • • r II · 1 - r_ 1 4 AICBH I Ln which n ur b tat b0mb t r lmcn1 ·11v 1 em ct i iutitutcd a major po ruon of thl' ' 4 Non we apon milna r y- 11pace •YU m 1nc lu-d e r - c- oon u • a ru e w rn1 ng a nri cornmun tc i han •ateUU 11 and • •U l'l lu - 1n • p1•ctun i 11ev J t••m11 The11 11yGlemo p-lrU-c uhirl y w n ing arid re·conn l 11U fh e ••u dh 1ea arl' ' nu ma u it 4 UUn u 1 dul i n priev ntrni pr · c r pU on • ne e oateUne affor-da on n o n 11 o tabLIU r t'l itc 0 li m uc11 o the oppon-- nt ' • foc- e •tr-1 iCl re o1 nd ihu 1 •1 bi h unn Th t- r -c c-orin iai • uc unq uifor-m 1t• • n rr lu l'ed fo i - 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