Non - Responsive WHICH T PE HAS THE INTELLIGENCE J Gurin • •••• • • • 19 i NSA - CROST IC NO • 8 • i A J • S • • • • 22 I I lllllli' llO0Z 11111111 6Ofill 9lllli OOIHl'AE9RB flA IRl11• e see1e J r n sl' f i tl intl Aoorow rl f o r RPlf'nSP hv NSA o n 08-12-202 1 onrsllirnt to E O 1 2t _ MDR C A r _ l l0t11 FfOP f IR@DU'I' I Non - Responsive Published Monthly by Pl Techniques and Standards for the Personnel of Operations JULY 1977 VOL IV NO 7 TOP SB@Ri'f • I EO 3 3b 3 PL 86- 36 50 USC 3605 Autho 's abz idgement of a tatk given in Januaz-y 1977 to the CLA 's Speoiat Interest • Group on Tzta71Btation SIGTRAN • • I • I • •• - - • •• • • ost of eur r n slation pfObl ms • • the f orelp • invol•e ' two tlhguages l ngu g9 an Q lish • If•we v a piece of for 1an text fol example • r Russiu or • ' w vitevv t 1 ' 'Ji ' ' o11 - _F '·11ii • ppropritte tvoAanguage dictionary• EnglUhi Russi -English ett • • ' -er_e_a_r-e however many ift tances ih whffh we cannot translate i-ectly lr i m the f6reip • • A•situation very imilar to the above arises language to Engli5h but • go throv gh an • ill stupying the nonst iidard dialects of major intermediary languafe Thir is compaMble to • laltguaps From a pra ical if not from a the situation in -whJch you mi lht want tC1talk 0 -theQrettcal point of vi it would certainly a person who spe ks Polish You do not 1mo16 1'e iftadvl1able to study NeaJ Olitan dialect Polish But both pf you can dlrJ I yourselv s under- wUhdut s011e background in andard Italian stood in passable Gennan so ypu use German as • or•to •JtudT Munich dialect w hout knowing what we shall cal l Jlere a tgel language- • stahdalid Ge n At present a• lass is bein - The use of toq '1nguages very co n in • concfi ct in variant of • language research e5pecially when dealins • used _ __ _ _ All of the e with uncommon langua'ges in whi h there is • an excell•nt groun ing in standard T At little literatur4' i fEnglish • or ex le one rse is being planned to teac an o the bes available ic to students who have a background t1onar1es isL __ French e mos recent ins an r bilingual iotionary is _ _ ussiaA What follows below is a discussion of tool A somewhat different type of problem is en- • languages of the first type that is those countered when the t'llrget language is small • languages which do not have a close genetic reobscure and little studied but belongs to a • lationship to the language of interest The family that has a le • three most important of these are French German and Russian French is an essential tool in workin in man lan a es •• •• 0 urre tlf l _ _ _ Asimilar situation arose in tHe 1950s July 77 CRYPTOLOG Page 7· i j • I COifPHJIJPilll I k PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 1 EO 3 3b 3 PL 86-36 50 USC 3605 Fren h used to be of great importance in the study o f the languages of what was once French lndo-Chlna but today English-language woric on 1 '' p T - - u i Vietna111ese Cambodian and Lao aro far superior to tho e available in Fr nch Finally French is of onsiderabJ a infllortance in the study of • several lfngttages of the Near East particularly I - • De i te the fact that Germany lost her colonies fter World War I German continues to be an i rtant tool language nif1cent work ·-1 Portu uese __ ·---------------------Dut c'1 dictionaries nd arimmars are useful for the 0 • - tudy of Malay Jayanese Indonesian and other languages of th • outh i acific To my knowle4'ge Spanish has never been important as a l langU'llge but potential political dev lopments tould alter this situation drasticai1y SinC e the death of Franco restriction dn the use of Catalan and Basque have been tidually ea M d and newspapers and other priniec1 matter al e now being published in both langv ages There are 6 million Catalan speakers tq northeasteJ ll Spain around Barcelona and thre - uarters of a million Basques in the north atound Bilbao ioth groups have for centuries een tenaciously dedicated to the prescrT e third major tool language is of course vation•and perpetuatio of their language and Russian It is not at all surprising to learn culture and both have exhibited revolutionary that the Russians have produced a large number and xtreme separat-ist tendencies In the of eiccellent bilingual dictionaries in the languages of Eastern Europe such as Hungarian Bul- even t fa fragmentatien of Spain both Catalan and•Bli_sque would be of•interest to us and both gari'an etc but it is truly startling to learn wou1d have to be studiM in large measure through the extent of their coverage of the languages of thi IN'dium of Spanish In Spanish America Asi• articularl India and Southeast Asia One there are two major I ian languages Quechua the 1anguage of the Incas spoken by about 7 _ _ ' examine a large number O impressive ilJion people in Peru Bolivia and Ecuador 1ct1onaries of Hindi Bengali Tamil Sinhalese Thai Burnese Cambodian Chinese and other and Guarani spoken b1 most of the 2 million languages In many instances the Russian dieinhabitants of araguaj It is very doubtful tionaries are much larger and far more recent • h we er that e1th r f t ese will pose a probthan any West European equivalents In additio iem or us now or int he oreseeable future many of the Russian dictionaries contain an • The tool languages thus far discussed have added feature which greatly enhances their all been European bu Chinese and Japanese value a supplement containing a concise but must be reckoned as 1leepers -which sooner or very adequate summary of the chief grammatic later will become fully as productive as the features of the language under study Also if • languages of Europe And when this happens the fore i gn language has a complex writing ys- God help us • tern this is analyzed in detail For many• In the previous di cussion most of the emlanguages such as Bulgarian Armenian and phasis was on bilinguil dictionaries but there others there exists a specialized type of di are also many excellept reference grammars tionary called a phraseological dictionary courses and readers tn languages other than which as the term implies is more conoerne4 English Most of these are far more finite and with phraseology than isolated words Pinal y amenable to translatibn than the dictionaries most of the Soviet-produced dictionariis arj but they do present p oblems that do not occur beautifully printed and bound and by Western in ordinary tra slat 'n To take an example a standards incredibly c heap What has been said German-language rammar with which I am above applies to the languages of Eufope and familiar q turally compares and contrasts Asia not Africa Russian dictionailes ' f features ofl__ iith German so obviously African languages are few Amharic •SomaJi and any Engl i sh-language rendition must not only be Luganda and except for the Amhartc n t very a translation but an adaptation to make it suitimpressive But this situation wi l dotibtless able for readers of English In other cases an only be temporary • • otherwise valuable work might be unduly verbose and diffuse so what is needed is not only to Apart from these three major tqol lartguages a translate and adapt it but to submit it to a few other European languages have to a_ esser exprocess analogous to dehydration But all such tent functioned in this capacit I the early days of the Agency's • J the only use- translations are a makeshift the ideal is to ul dictionary and gra111111ar n I_talian There have linguists who are familiar with both the tool langaage and the language of interest l s now a good Jd1ct 1onary but it werp July 77 CRYPTOLOG Page 8 GO lffllHUi'Jllr L The point that I should like to stress in conclusion is that there is a sharp variation in our abil it to use the various tool Ian ua es is n 'ay e an extreme case b t there are eoough sjich extreme cases to make tl ings mighty r1 1ugh f1 1r the translator One wdnders how Nacnine toranslation would fare with pioblems of tfti tYP • • The solutieo of problems arising from our i ability to handl tool languages would seem to I either in'the direction of providing Russian tNining per ips ef a very special type to lingtfists specia zfng in i si an or African languages or of divertirrg ompetent Russian linguists to th study of ffs ian and African languages There are also very bvious implications for job de scriptions PqEs and recruitment • I EO J 3b 31 PL 86-36 50 July 77 CRYPTOLOG Page 9 · QQJfPIDIUflJl'1 h - -------- · - · - ··- -- --- Responsi v e ------------------------ ·· ----- - -- There is another possible reason Many h1g school and college graduates have in the course of their educnion acquired some knowledste of French or less often German because these languages are standard subjects in •many high schools and colleges But almost no 'body studies Russian unless he plans to become a specialist in Russian It must be stressed that the ability to use a bilingual Russian dictionary requires a rather good knowledge of Russian not just a smattering The readings given in a dictionary often consist fa series of isolated words with no context at 'hll Furthermore even with an abundance of time nd money it is almost impossible to translate J bilinguial dictionary unless those doing the translating have an excellent knowled2e of both languages e g Burmese and Russian something -hich rarely happens To illustrate this point should like to cite the word which QCCurs in a erman gloss fy I have been working on Tlje word is equated with five German words all of w llich are wi thou• context On con ting a GeJ'JIIBn-English diC tionary one finds ihat each German word is e uated with several • lish words • So ma mean Non - I CCNFIP6filll J l WHICH TAPE HAS THE INTELLIGENCE PROJECT CRISELOi A 5 tudy of Selectlon and l•t•ctlon J Gurin certain excitement seems to have been generated by a modest project devised in the Office of Research RS and under way in A6 It purports to discover how decisions are made either to retain or to reject inten eptect·conversations No doubt the excitement is related to the desire or even anxiety of those who are seeking some way in which the machine may help solve the problem of too much traffic for oo few transcribers Project CRISELOR CRiteria for SELection Or Rejection under way for several months is attempting to pin down the precise factors which enter into the human decision-making act in the hope that IIIUCh will be learned that will be of value in the eventual automation of some part of the process ized quite as carefully as this Selection rejection is of course a characteristic process in any situation in which 1118terial is being sifted for that proportion which is most relevant If the volWDe is large enough and time is short we resort to shortcuts looking for indicators which will permit correct decisions without spending a great deal of time in making the judginents In some cases the shortcuts are deliberately chosen and are easily identifiable but often we do not know exactly how our choices are made How does one decide that a conversation is of potential value Who makes the decision that causes one class of convtrsations to be retained and another discarded What part of the decision process is likely to be routine mechanical and precisely described The problem of discovering how we select or and what part inspirational instinctive and reject for intelligence reporting is certainly difficult to predict How IIR ICh of the process not new but perhaps it has never been scrutin- is left to the analyst and transcriber and how july 77 CRYPTOLOG Page 19 fJOfJlllltlf JIIIIL IPJRII I IIIIIIFRILIIINIIIS EO 3 3b 3 PL 86-36 so use 3605 88flPIB lfftlNB aa ich is dictated by rigid priority statements handed down from above It may seem odd that we have never examined our selection mechanism in this way until now but perhaps t he need was never felt so acutely Whether we succeed eventually in automating some significant portion of the process or not we should gain so lle useful insight into the process and benefit in so11e other ways as a result of this investigation July 77 • CRYPTOLOG • Page 20 OOWWJJHfl lff IIJ• ll I L l IEA SilL 111111 I Non - Responsi v e I UNCLASSIFIED c stlc Mo 8 The quotation on the nezt page 1as taken from a pub1 iahed woz-lc of an NBA-el' The first 1-stters of the '110RDS -r e1 1 out the author's name and the titl e of the wrk D'BPINITIONS A Medieval English style of architecture in which vertical lines predominate 127 116 174 144 B Antiquated 59 152 146 207 S 37 82 187 S' f C Experience 20 ffi 226 137 79 96 6 D Info 136 126 98 35 163 154 209 E Something that is supposedtto have a settling influence on straying husbands It's an old trick but it just might work P Prevaricator 74 219 42 27 128 18S 171 124 88 83 SI 216 fu 75 70 153 4 176 197 87 G excessively ornate or intricate H State a brv I One from Column 8 3 wds J When the guy in the fancy French 7 106 91 132 39 138 140 181 restaurant pointed to this on the menu and the waiter gasped Eez zat aU 11 1 sieur he answered And a cuppa coffee J 72 Low L Decide a matter in dispute M Engage in fondling and kissing N Where you'd go in Boston for real pasta faaoo l 2 wds o Miser P Polynesian wood or stone ima ge Q Why it's difficult for Middle East archeologists to agree on classification criteria 7 wds 43 215 109 177 130 57 195 190 119 148 143 86 41 90 23 17S 28 156 218 48 R Character in Mozart's 7'he Magio F1 ute s his girl friend has a very similar name Silly peevish person Brit 113 1S556 l62 July 77 • CRYPTOLOG • Page 22 UNCLASSiflED -· -· l 14 166 94 186 UNCLASSIFIED T Ancient language of eastern Asia Minor u Piece of music for practicing some special point of technical execution V Plurality of wives or husbands 111 Echo X More irritable 164 97 33 182 62 38 157 46 110 19 67 160 118 93 141 31 63 150 200 15 40 206 21 Y Divert z Hot wind from Libya that blows on the Horthern Mediterranean coast z1 Specific scientific phenomenon named usually for its discoverer z2 • Craving for candy 2 wds 6C 7J 8Q 9 Y 24 ll4 89 102 10 G 11 L 12 U 13 Z 68 Z 81 R 92 R Solution nezt month July 77 CRYPTOLOG Page 23 UNCLASSIFIED