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Director of Central Intelligence, NI-IIM 79-100213, Iraq's Nuclear Interests, Programs, and Options, October 1979. Top Secret.

lllrttlor or C tntral lnlrlllarnrt _ ' •- • ' - ' ' m 7 -i• '7 - 1nJ• 1' ' f • 1 - •••••·if ' • •f • •· PC_ •' • • • r_'• •• • S ' '' f _ ·1· • · • '1_ i b 1 - · b 3 c · • ·- Iraq's Nuclear Interests Programs and Options lnlttaRtnC ' lnltlllllffltt Mtmorandum j · '• · c1i-1IIAUJ d001 J llkf --1P1 J c 000 ' -· ' • - 'f Warning Notice Sen itive ntelligence Sources and Method WNINTEL NATIONAL Unauthoriied 0i cla u Criminal Sanction DISSEMIN TION CO NOFORNNOCONTR CTPROPINNFIBONLYORCON- REl ••- l BBREVI TIONS sable to oreign Notional eleou ible to C trocton or Caution-Prop let y lnlor tion Involved NFIB Deportment Only Diueminotion end htroctlon of fo mation Contu lled by OrlginatCH Thi Information Ho• Been Authorized Release to IRAQ'S NUCLEAR INTERESTS PROGRAMS AND OPTIONS lnfnrmallnn avail11hlt• a uf I ktollt' r 197h was U'NI Jn 1hr prrparallnn nf 1h11 mrmnriandu' ' C01102734 FOREWORD lrarii nuclear intentions cannot be gau1 ed with a hi1th degree of confidence because the available evidence is fragmentary and in most cases ambiguous The judgments advanced in this memorandum are thus lar11 eh• speculative in nature Nonetheless thry are p e 1rrally consistent with the thrust and conclusinns of t'hr broacl •r country ass •ssment presr ntecl In NIE 36 2-l-i9 Iraq's Role In the Middle East This memorandum was prepared under the auspices of the National lntelli1tence Officer for Nuclear Proliferation by scientific and political nnah·sts In the Nnticnal Foreip n Asscs ment Center of thr Central lntelli1tence Agency and In the Defense lntr lli1tr nce Agency It was coordinated with NFIB representatives in the lnteragcncy Intelligence Working Group on Nuclear Proliferation Ill Top' Stc N _ r- ' · l ''' 1 ' I ' CONTENTS · - FOIIE 'OIID Sl 1 I IARY A - D KE Jl D IF STS DISCl SSIO Tlw Poliq· S llln lru1i' Sw lt ar Pr111uam F11tnrr lm -nli 'l ancl Con tralnts i II C mdmions arul lmplkatimu Hi A r EX Tlw lr iql Atomic Enrnn Cnmmh lon ·· '• 1 - ' ' ' ' ' 5 5 · - · roved for Release 2013 07 03 Ill C01102734 • ' I ' • 4 • • ' •I • ' ' • ' • ' ' ' ' • ' L SUMMARY AND KEY JUDGM£ NTS Wr hu 'r no hard evl1irnce that lrnq has drcldrd actually to Rl'fllllrt• nuclrur wl'apons We believe however that the Iraqis huve al lrnsl d1•cldrcl lo 11111 tlwmselves In a position to do so by developlnR a r1•l11tlwly si•lf-s11fflc1 •11t nuclrar hase that could produce such w1•apons evenlu ilh• Strnn11 Rroumls for this conclusion are provlrlrd hy Iraq's S -curlty concerns rc ional ambitions as ertlons of Intent to match lsra1•1i nuclear capabilities and demonslratrd lnlNesl In lechnolORles and materials that would be needrd to devcl1 p an autonomous nuclear wrapons potential At the same time the wlde-ran1dn11 nature of Iraq's qm•st for nuclear technolORY URRests that Ba11hdad may not yet have a flu•d plan for achicvln11 the latter Roni If Iraq undertakes lo build nuclear weapons the Rreatesl technical prohl 'm II will face Is likely to be the acquisition of sufficient fissile· matrrial Four approaches would seem to be open to It dive slon ofthe hi11hly enriched uranium HEU that the French are schedulrd to supply ns fuel for the OSIRAK and ISIS research reactors development of indi11enous means of prod11cin11 fissile material diversion of 11l11tonl11m produced In a nuclear power prQRrnm or al'quisitlon of flSs ile material from a forel in sour e Of thew only tlivcrslon of the French HEU or acquisition of fl sile material abroad would offer any hope of succes before the mid-to-late 1980s - If as expected the French do provide HEt but no more than an Initial -loading for each of the two re carch reactors Iraq might be able lo divert this material and build an air-deliverable nuclear weapon by as early as 1981 althou11h the 1983-84 period would be more likely If spare loadinR were also furnished BaRhdad ml11ht be able to build wvcral sur h weapons In the same time frame Diversion of the HEU could not however be accomplished without tcrminatlnR or consplcuomly violating International safeguards - Alternatively the Iraqis could load natural uranium plates In core positions In the research reactors and reeover the plutonium that wns produced But this edrcmely difficult technical operation cuuld not be accompllshecl surreptUiously and It would take at least two years of around-the-clock operation to acquire enou11h plutonium for a sln11le nuclear weapon - It Is ver- unlikely that Iraq could build a producilon reactor or --·7 ccntrlfuRe enrichment fnclllty-or beRtn rllvertln1t the 11lutonlum • • ' ' ' ' C01102734 1irt1tl11 ·1•d h1· lhP flr I nl ii 1111111111•11 tH1w1•r n•11l'l11rs-lw•lort• ih1• ult• I llKO - lrnq' d111nc·1•s 11f nhlai11i111 fissil1• mulniul ftom n 11n•ll n sour ·•• nn• prn r lll'fnrl' tl11• mid-ill80s 111111111111' slh1h1h• l 'lil'r nwr tl11• lo111C1•r run lrnr1i 1l1• •lsinr1S 'llh n• IH' 'I In hn ' fnr hnw fnsl 1111cl h1• whnl rouh• In 1111rs111• 1111• 1111 11•11r w1•111Hm 011111111 will il1•111•11il In 1111rl 1111 cl1111wsli 11ml lnlt•rnullnnnl cirl'llrmlanc •s lhnl urt• s11l1il'd In d1an1C ' In 11111· cnsl' ll111Cl11l11cl's 1•slim111t•s of 1h1· cnsls risks 11ml r •lurns of vurinus ·1 11rst• s of ndinn will l 1t• h m•cl nn ils nw11 1 11rllc11lnr pl'fc1•11lin11s U11d1•r mnsl fow«•1•11hl1• cnmlit1011s hnwl'v •r lrnq 's inh•n•sl In il1 v1•ln11i111C 11 cnpnhilih· In pri1tl11c • 1111cll'ur w 'npons will cnnlhlll ' In lw susluinrcl h1• sccurily cnncrrns rr1dnnnl nmhilions and recn1tnitlnn thut ils n il w1•11lih uncl slrute11ic lncntinn Rive ii cnnsicll'rnhl ' IPvnul 1• m• •r Its 11rlnl'ipul 1111cl1•nr s111111lh•rs At thl' same limr 1hr lrnqis will Im cnnslruhll'cl h1· - Apprt•dnllnn tlmt nr11· nhrnRnlic n hlnlunt dre11111v1•nlin11 nr confirmed violntinn nf lh 'ir nhliRnllnns 11111ll'f th • Nn11-Prolifl'f• ntion Trt aly NPT cn11ld rcs11lt in tlu• el's nllnn nr s •v1•rt• curloilment of vital forelRn ossistnnct' for their nuclear 11rn1tram· - TIii' rl'l11tl'cl prospect that In the neur-to-miclcllr lt•rm 111 l1•asl nn s1• ·nnc nry s11m11il'r would h · willin11 or nhlr• In s1t•11 in 11ml fill till' l Ull - TIii' posdhllity of prl'rmpliv ' uctlnn hi' lsrn1•I - Thr• risk in 01111 •r im1H rtn11t nntlnrml l11INl'Sls for l'xi1m11l1• 1h1• chn11ct• thni th1• rPnctions nf nrhthlH1rin1t stnlt•s could rffrclivr•h· frustrutc lln11hclml's lnnl cr run rCRlnnnl nmhilinns Whil ' thr lrnols nll 'lousll' lwlicvr thnt thr lrvrl of politlcnl 111 tl military risk 1mncinlrrl wilh thrir currrnt puttrrn nf n •llvily In thr• nuclrnr lirlcl is ncceptnhl • thrl' lmvr rxhihilrcl n 1ur•111t•r cl1•11n•1• of prnitmnli m nncl flcxihilll1· In lhrir lort hm policy hrhnvior nv •r 1hr 1111st sevl'ral years that Slll l ests that the1· arc not In any particular hurry In achieve their more nmhilinus ohjectivcs They nrc thus likl'IY In fnvor 11 cnvcrt nn1l rrlnllvch· measurrcl nuclenr w1•npnns rr•st•nreh 111111 clrvrlopmPnl 1•1fnrl which if ultimnt 'IY cnllrcl upnn In 110 so cnulrl reusonnhly 1 - rx1wctcd to prrnluce several dt•livrrnhle wnrhr111 s hr•fnn ii wns uncovered This woulil rule out conspicuous shnrtculs rnlnllini i diversion of French HEU or misuse of the snfrl uanlril rr•actors us unylhirnt mnrr than mrnsmrs of ln t rrsnrl flnrrln11 somr unfnrrsrrn chnni ir in thr Ml1l1IIP Enst milllnr1· or 110111 lcol 1•nvlrnnmrnt thnt hrmri 1111 nhoul n mnrk1•1l shift In l n11hcl1111's currl'nl unlici 's 11rlnrillrs nncl urrcr11llons of risk wr la •lif•v1• Il al ii Is 2 rop 004 l _ _ _ _ _ _J 1111likt•h· thul lri111 wlll 11llt•11111I In hullil nu ·h•ar w1•a11 111s h •fnrt• 1111• lult• l lSOs ' 111 tlu• lnlt•rim how1• ·1•r 1111• lrnqis 1· 111 1 t'Xllt'• lt•cl In p •rsisl in tn·im In a ·11uirt• ull th ' nt'L'l'ssarr skills la 'ilili •s arul fissih• nrnlt•rial uruln lhP 'm•t•r of tlu•lr llt'11 ·1•f11l 11111'1 •ar 11r 11 n11n If ·11a11htl11il foll11ws this t•nursi• nf ndlnn II wlll 11rohi1hh• ht• su1· ·1•s• f11l In tlt•lnrhm 1111 ' wrluus suppllt•r 1m•ssttrl'S hnth W1•slt•rn nrul Sn 'il'll m· ·r th • 111• t Sl' 'Prnl r1•ars Tiu• tl1111I d1nrnd1•r nl its n11d1•11r pro1 ra111 Is hnw • ·t•r likt•h· In lwconw 1 •ss and lt•ss amhhu1011s us ii 11ppmad1t'S a c 1pahilitr to huild nucl •ur wt•at tms Tiu• lsr u•lis murc-n ·c•r art• 1ik lr lo raisP rnorp urit_•nt ulnrms os soon as tlwy l'llll makt• 11 plu11sihl1• 1·11S •-holh to mohiliw lntrrnutional pr1•ssur1• 111t11insl Iraq anti lo justih· In acl 'allCI' any direct action lhr ' 11111 ' d •citle tn tak1• But t' 't'l1 ii the lrnQis munal c to tin no mort' than In avoid prornkin1t lsrad or thr Wrst for four or fivr 'Pars tinu mi1d1t work to tlll'ir 111l 'anl 11tt• Br tlwn tho ' muy no ln111 1•r hr so clr1wnclrnt on fnrt•i1 11 n11cl1•11r nssistann• nml th • lsnwlls ml1 ht flncl 1m•t•mptiw intn 't'nlinn poli1ieallr ancl militarilr mun• 1lilfi -11h 1 Ahho111th WP cannot lnrPcast wilh nm· cl1•1trt•1• of c1111fitlt•nc1• just how th • lruqis wn11lil l1t•ha 'I if thrl' act11all1' acquiri•cl 1111dPar wt'llllOllS clurin1t thr cnmi'n1 clrcadr wr clnnht that lhrrt• wn11lcl I • major clrnnl PS In 11 t•ir nwrull fnrrhtn policr ohj •ctl 'rs Bn1d11l11 l ls 'lrt11nlh· ct•rtaln In n•main stn rwh• nntl-lsrnt•li It Is also likPII' to hr at mids with n 1111111l •r of Arab gcwernmc-nts uml le • pt•rlPnce recurn•nt periods nr knsinn iu Its rt•lalinns with Iran Ev1•n ii lrn J ac Juln•cl nnclrar wrnpnus wilhln Ih1• nrxl ft•w r1•ars pnssc sion of such nrtlnanct• would not h •lp In lsnlnlt• Ellrl•tlnn Prt•siclrnl Snclat r hrlnll B11'thists to 1 n vrr rlsrwhcn• In the Arah world Nor would ii rncl fnrch 11 i xp nilnlion of trlhnl or Sl'clnrlnn 11nr1• t lhat Is cmlrmlc to lrnq On thr othrr hnncl 1hr Aruh-lmu•li cllspulr wnnld prnhnhly h1• slRnlflcnntly 111ft•d1•cl l'nhcrmnkrrs on lmlh siclrs nf tlrnt 'utl woulcl i11v1• In rt•ll lnk llll'lr mllllnr ' plans and strnte1t ' However lrn J 's ncqnlsll Inn of nnclrnr wrnl nns wnnlcl not necessnrllr i slablish n stnhll' balance of lrrrnr In the l ·liclcllr East whrrr lnclclrn s that conlcl tri1 11 1rr lmstilitirs nrr common 11ml l •w lrnders ha 'r much uncleislnncllnR nf 1hr cn 1s1•1111rnc •s nf uslnR nudPnr wc-a1 0ns Th • lmplicntlons for US pnllclrs nncl lntrrrs s of the Judgments ncl 'nncrcl thus for 11ncl1 •rscnrr thr wrnknrssf's of the existing lntrrnn• lional nnnprnli Prntinn rpglme In view of the lev1•rn1 1t• thnl lr1111 cun hrinll In lwar nn Its prlnchml nuclf'nr snl plirrs th • drnnct•s of hrrnul 1111 1 tlnwh· coop rntlon In cl •n lnll llnRhcln 1 furll11•r Wl'llllflflS·llllllllcnhlt• 0 • - ltl1rn111 h a prr l111uh ln lir 1 1t°'I unliL h· 11n11thn l · ln1111wul Iii al mhtl11 rirnmpt ll 111 h iul In an ·lrr tf' ih n1wlf'at v rar- ru Hrnrlahlr v 1 11hl hr Nwrrl 11n111hUlun fnrrht11•J1l• l111·NI fl ilr malrrii l fop 3 Stc ot- roved for Release 2013 07 03 of 11 uh111111li al 11urinlily nf __i ·····1 11111tNi11ls 1t•c-l11111l11111· 11ml •••111hmlf'nt ru111u· Imm 1•••r lo fulr tl1•11••ntlh111 1111 th • nult•rt• 11 th1• ilt•m or knowl1•d111• c11nc1•rn1•1l Tiu• 111111lic11tion hy the Unitt•d Stnlt•s of lwa ' ' pr1•ss11n• to St'L'llrt' s1ll' 1 t'INll l'flllion wlu•tlll'r or 11111 it Wll ohll il'II hi' luw to do sn wnul 1 P nhahly cr1•ah• t·1111sicl •rahl1• friction in ih n•latinns wil h II numlx r ol lls prlnch111l parlrwrs In llu North Allnntic Trrnl1· Or111111iwlio11 NATO 111111 thr Or i1111l1 111inn for El'llnomlc Coc pcrntion nnd D1•v1•lopnwnt OECD -1mrlicul 1rly with Frnnt·r uml ltnh· SinC'I' vi111lrnns lrchnolnllY clrninl efforts could he quitr costh• 1ml still in u rqunh• to krr11 Iraq from ocquirinll nuclrur wrnpons hy lh1• l 11 • IHIIOs ii it wishes to clo so thrrr will he a clc•ar nt•rcl for parallel plforts uim ·cl 111 inclirrl'lh· inllurncir11l the securi11· concrrns milinnnl 1to11ls uncl lorrl in 1x11iq· nhJt C'tivrs that promise lo I•• thr pri11111r1· cl •lt•rminnnts nl IK1th I tlu dr1trce of 11r11rncy tlrnt th • lrnqis 11ttnch tn ilu•lr nucl mr w1•apons nmhitions uncl 2 thrir hehnvinr ii nncl whrn llwy cross the wPnpons thrcsholo Prn1irl'ss townrtl a hrnadh· nccrplt•d prnce rttlrm •nt In the Midcllr Eust will J pnrticularly · important in this connrclion IM'cnusr If thr Iraqis ncquin• 11 1111 1 ur w1•1111ons capahilit1· J forr such a settlement is achieved ll1r cl1 •stnhili1 iru rffocts of their accomplishment will he llrrntll'-ancl perhaps cl isast rnusl 1·-mnl nifircl roved for Release 2013 07 03 • ' · I ' ·• ' •' -- t • DISCUSSION The Policy Setting thr ·unllnult · nf lf'utlf'rshh1 huri ilN n rM4•nllul In thr formulatlnn nrnl lmr lt'mrntutlnn of lr111·1•1 11 mhlllou s 11lum-hnth dmnrdlc untl furrhm-for lhr rulnrt- I lnu1°J 1111df'1 U llml1llh11• Art' m uula ruwth of Ill drtt•rmlnuthm lo 1• tuhll h und c t't•nr • ll 4•1r rH II mu · r · 4 Th krv 1 1 10111 In lrort lnrl1111ina tliit«• rein • furi't' In 1hr A1ul ·orlcl Jru tl lf'1 uln1 hu •r 111r1I A hut In 11111 Ctnmln•'s nnrlt'or am- crum 11rr muclr hy nr 1l1 t'Ud1• ur 111111rrt't' rolt tl Jnt rnul luhillh· rld1111 oll m•n rrr'11lrnl S 111 lom I h1•01·n Thr tun lllnn nl wt'uhh Ami mnr1• rt ·rnlh· fort11ll11m rrvlun11l dr ·rlr nwrr In Juh· lrnm nillna lnrmrr rrrshlrnl llakr In npnu•11U In mO 'I' t_lu•lr cmmlr ' from r mltlon of S ul lam lid nr t RU smnothh· Sa l lnm ·a1 parrnlh• 1••lillcal holnlln11 In nnr ol 11l 1anllal lnllnrnl'f' 10001• ovrrrractrd tn ma RMllnns h • Ollwn In thr fia'thl I Ad1lt• ·rmrnl of u lir0 1d nudr-ar C'll Ulliillt · Is opp Ir• lrail •nhlp thal 1 hold Inna nvrrdur party rlrcllon to •nllr rrwmlrd by 1hr Iraqi c 'rrnmrnl u prrrrqul• lrv lllml1r hll urcr 'llnn In tl1r prMltlrnC' • fir nut oulr •II•• In lnllillnwnl nl lh 11hlm•lr nhJrclh·r ll'lllnnnl nmh I 1111 hr IM•lirvr I lhr nlrnrd hi• •11 •1011 h111 lu J1 1•mt1n · 2 Hurrhu1 cl11m - 11r 11phrav11I Ri11rh l1 ul'• nrw 11rnmlnrm·r In rt lunal arfuln I• nut lilc ly to lwtrumllnry Thr nation's drt-nalhs arr lmuulh· ha W d Oil rMrrvr will lut al lrc I ll11011Rh tltb crnh111· and will P 111r«' ll11al11hd N'nnnmlc lml V nclPnC'f for tlw fort' W t 11hlr future• Oil rt-vrnurs havr In foC I htmfl ' I lrnm ahnut $ hlllion In 1973 In nvi•r SI hill inn In 19 A Much nl Ihat a ldn unol lnromr hu hN-n u I In lmlld Iran' armt'tl loi'Ct'i tn h olcf' thrlr J IJ r Ill thr tlmi nl th 1973 Aroh-hra 11 wor-an I lurlhrr P pan lon Mntl modt'rlllzallnn a - planrwd Othrr aswh rrlrvant lo lr11q'1 pursuit of a arratrr volC't In rt glonal 1r d Klnlml alhln Include a ub tanllal populallon an amhltlou llloracy pr0 ram a relalivoly hiKh aK1kull11nl polenllal ron1iderable · Jnllurnco wllh radkal Palcsiinlani and a lrAl Rlc locallor Moreovrr RaRh• dad has bonelitrd Imm a rlr ol rrcrnl devrlnpmenls lhnl hnvo weakrnrd the pn lllnn nl rnosl nl Ill vrlnclpal rl'Klnnal romprtllors Iran Saudi Arahla SHI• E«ypt and Turkry 3 Polltlcf'I Lradrrthlp Th rapl I r rnwth nl lraq't n11tlonal poWrr u i N n In parl altrthulahlt' lo thr pnlltlcal klll detrrmlnollnn ml harrd ldrnln1d· cal prr pecllve nl lhe leaden who a mrmhen iii 1hr ·ncvnlullnnnry Ci mmaml Connell RCC currf'ntly prr hle ovrr th rountrr'• hiKhh· crntraliird Ra'thbt rrRlmr They h• vC hrld powl r fnr 11 'Mln· In a 'fllintrv whrrr lndahllltv lnlrl1111r and vlnlrnc-r hin duarot•lrorbr·tl 1hr ollllral IC'f'OI 1hrnuahn11t mMI or lhf' 2oth ttnlury Thb b lllf' lonRMI prrl_od of rnntlnu• 0111 rulf' 11lnC'f' 1hr Jr11ql monnrchv wu n orrthrown In 10- 'J-ff Evrn lhn11ah tlir potrntlal fnr trm11il1• rC maln11· UWtl tlu t•11IMHl1• ni 1 • • a pr1•tru tn rrmm•r othrrs In thr IM' 'rr slmrlurr wl111 • ln ·nltv hr donhtMI S ulcliam 11pr rIu1 In lun-r f mrraNI mm thts 111mnu-r'1 rvrnt1 r lirmly In churKr Hr will prnbnhlv lw at lro t trmpnrarilY lbtractr I howrvrr hy lnlrrnal lf'Ct11l11• mo I• 1 rs 11• 1 aui trd by a hnndl 111 nl close ' ' ' and h caclcNI hr hnlh A pnwrrful i-uuty 011uml7Atlon A i n Pf rYUl 'f wc irlty apparalui Sa ddam'1 primary do-mMtlC' 5eouls hrsldrs rrmulnlna In pnwur art' t ronnmlc rlf uflkltncy and ablishmrnl nl Jla'th1'1 1ndnli m Enl•r«em nt nl lndlvldunl frrr lnm I• nnl rm11hosl1 rcl Hb carrnt-and-ilk-1' approach lo Knvr rn• Ina hos pmvL-d rea nnably cllectlvo but e n lhe pr nl hiRhly crntralizrd rl' 71me cannot ma k the V rsbtr nt strains that ari ' t from trliRlnus r thnlc and ldroln1dcal division will lo J q's hcter0f crto0us ocirty - Rathl•t rlrc1 1i nmaklna ii hlRl ly prr onallr J nnd 'rrllvr Littlr Is known ol 1hr actn•I mrchanlct nl 1hr decl lonmallnR t•l'OCl'U or th role nl SN' 'Ondle ·rl 11lv1'rr Saddam almo I crrlRinlv nerds and k advk• lrnm nlhru hut tho cnmposlllnn nl hil Inner clrrlr of cnnllrlnnb rmho'11y d anar aC'C'O Jin« lo thr topic undrr romlder•llnn Thr rrcrnl political tnrmntl In Roahdad may lnrlucr Saddam to hrnadrn 1hr lrcl•lnnmaklna procrs nmrwhat thnnKh ho b unlikrh· to crdr any •lanllicAnl aulhnrllv In hi• UilflnllnatM fl Fnrmuldllnn and lmnlrmrntnllon qf Nucl ar Pollcu A• Chairman ol thr Iraqi Atomic r nrr11V C nmml lnn ilAEC Sndrlam h lh• kry li•nrr whrn II romM In t UMtlm1' nf nuclrnr poltcy IA EC Orpuly • ' lf oil itu·umt• 1• td1 'r11r tlu• lr u1ls un• Inn prn 1llu11 lo·l111r l1o1irmun 'Alwl 11l-llllnm1 I la1ol1 1nl a11 A11u-rh· t11• 1 CliH 1h tl M ·it•nll t u111I il r c•olor Hu '1hht 11t 1m1Ut'' tlu• «ha ·-to tla · 11di ·lllc• • 11f 1hr IAE tu 1 h1111urla11t · 11ud1•ar orr1 •h1I arr l u'th l'urtr nu•mlw •r atul 111 uh 'm In lrn ·t•· duw t•n11m•1·ti11m wllh 1111' M'l'ttrih· 11ul lnh•lli1 11•m· • nvl • ••· At tlu- 11111 politk •I J · ·I a hamlfol lh• •ol11111·11 11rr ummatul 111111dl 1111•111hN'who al hold imporlanl mini tt•ri 11 uul 1 1 'th ' uh· IMl'i nrt• 11r11lml1lr 1·11n i11h1•cl on 11ud1• 1r 1 ulk · Tlu•'-f• lt•ml •n h1rl11tl1• ll t 'kt• 1t 1lrm1t11 In it lhr 1l1i111 nl-l uri l11lni11r llnhlf'f Sa 'tlun SlmLlr arnl l rf •t1S4' Uol ih•r i 1111 rn Klul 'rnll h T11lfal1 Tlw 1• t•1•11ti11n in thh MUlllHl' - 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l11hor1 1hlt ' In 1r u1 ht ultl ht llrO Jk' 'llU A rur r 111inadh-r· nu- uml lu l aln lr11t1I t••Nnmrl ln HII• 1·lt•11r•r• lah tl t llh uml 1lh-d111Jru holh lll lr III arul In llw Sc1 ·irt Union JH l1r1•1imlm r ' Ur 'nrk r ir th•· Ht t ur h C -utn Ttnnallhu south or ll111tlula1I OJI 1hr Tuuh u '1· umu• I ''n tutlt'il In IHHO ·hilt• thr ha11l-So •h-t t·omtrm·tlun c ·untrurt wut J lmc m Eothth CI EJRhl l l'Url lah•r th ·h•ls cnmpl1•h-tl im tallallnn ol · an IUT-2000 'humlrnr l tul n-v•urd1 rc• u•tnr whic-h 1111• ttulh · 'rnl t•rltl al at 2 M 't nw 11 ·11lh thr1mull 11111 a 111011 • t r1•f f•ard1 urnl lrulnhu 1•H11rt w u h11 u11t Tiu• St ·h•ts sulKt'flUPnth · u r ult tl thiJ rPat·lor uncl ih vm •••r output was lnrrr1uNI ln 5 jWt in mi•I 1 97S 111 21 Tl11• lorilit1 - l••inR pr l 'id sl Iii' tin• Itnliau arc• ·lu Cl11lt'fl In ht• c•nnmlc•lf-cl h ' lnh• IOkO 1•h1• riulin• ·lwml tr ' lul - ·liirl1 b ·1lrt• icl ' In· 1111•ruth111-l1u h1- •n tlw l·au • nr -nmc• l'onn•rn IN't ·01 · U will lu-lp lht• lruqis lo d • ·t lo1 iLill un I h'C 'lmi 111 -s n 'inl·iah tl witli n•prnc ''· In thh 'OntU'C'linn n ilmnltl 11111 1 lhul ilurliru1 in t•urh· rnso liCltnt•' l N lruols un• lah't'I In rt'1 'f'l •t• trulnlnR ht raclinehrmlrul u nlr l 111ul 1 ulio ·J1 mbtn· In lluh· ·at tlu• C u '« in Nurlt•ur 1l1 • 1rd1 t•ult•r or th • 01i1ltuto Null111111lt• fM'r l'E111•r io Nm•lrarc• C'l E'I 'hilt• tin• Italian daim that th1•1· ha ·r ru 1llnwn lruqi n-c111Nl i for rr1 mt•• N'iina IN'hnolnst ' IM'r 11 anti for rnrldmwnl t f'lmul• il ' us w1•II th • Pll ·ha5 11't'I lrulnlr1R will huvr r rmw r1•l1• 't10C'f to rr11roc '1 i ln dwml11trl' hm fwt•r c NEN anil lruc1I M'h•ntbh clbc•ns 'iC'tl a rmml11•r of 1•ntM•rs rn J urhul 1hr rtut r 't•an r tlu• Tm ·uitha Ct•utn° 111w•rulhm lr1u1I aL·th·lllr5 In tin• nurlt•tar flplt 1- Jimilt't'I to hn ic rMf orch tralnlMt th - prnduC llnn 11r i'«1ln111 tin• Mluhlhhm••nt or a mrclkul 'f'J111 f nl S 1l1mri I lm111tul in HnRltclatl to uw th • holop11' aml th - Corrnutinn of a rohalt lrracl itlOn unit for clia5lnn IIL· uncl lllf'raprntll purp r-KM J -·hlt•nl C or morr amhiti1111 uud tr ohj -i tivM lw can to 'llrfoN' ahout mhl-lH7-I iim·•• thrn lra11 h n ueth·t•h· srnnrht tn inC rt•nw nudt•ar contncb ontl 0 1pc•rutiun with olht•r umtrh4' In th • prorc- ' ·hiU hnc- h11 1 'n •• C'han1u tl with 't'd G -m ufll' Indio l111huul 1-·um · • t nn ula E•nit ltah· Japan thr l'SSR one Swr lrn ond O 'Prturt hu •f' brrn mn li' to W' ·t•ral ntlwr ronnlrh 1• 111irUh· foc·U'« ll nn rr11mc·t• inR ll't•hnnlt ' In Mnr tn7n at ·h t u ur tlltrt nll ' lnlPmlNI In IN• thr Ur I in un nnmial •rlr 1 or lW•mlnau O indntrd with 1hr IU7H nudt 1r ar urrmrnt hrtwN•n llah· a d lnu1 O Rrrf'nl Trrnd and l rrf'lnr mrnt Thr nu 1 hwifll-anl d1•vp opmr11b to rmentr far from tl1h hur t or lnh•rnulJnnal aclh·llr hrl 'r l'lf rn 22 Iraq lo al o orqulrlna • limih I copahilit1• In M- ·rral otl1t'f Wmillvr arrus For rxamol th IAEC currrntlr has a Mmpntrr hardwnre- and Mlftwarr 'ar ahilih· ulrquah• for thr r hm or al lra lt rrlallvrh· 1111 ophi IJrntrtl nudrnr 1•a1x n1 nncl It b r lnnnlna In 111mr 11lr IIA NJUIJ1mrnl lr11111 M lrnthh ha 'f J r rn t111h·ln11 lawr bntnpt• Wpnrntinn anti fmlnn lrchnnl oalr In ltoh· ond 'Mt Grrmany nd whilr Iraq 1J0 not f't ha 't' a iihtnifiC anl hlsth•r•rilmlvr manufochn• - Tl11• • rc't'mrnt rondndNI with Porl• In 19 fi umln whid-1 thr frf'nch ''ill lru 'hlr Iraq with a rt•M•urt •h rrul'lnr rnm11lt• Jlalh•mMI uhN llwlr ' f Wt OSIIIIS uml kOf k 't SIS rrartnr t'nrnpl • nl Sndal' - Thr nttrl f mrnts slant'1' I with llah · in 197fi ancl H ' ij nnclrr whll h thr Iraqi• will oht aln a radio-hntu1w· lahorntnn· ia r1uliOC'h1•mirnl lahnutoo· a 111•1 fohrll·allon fR ''llt ' n muh•rlnl tma f11• rllll • and a t1111rwnll 'r nh kal 11lant lnt'hulinR wurrht111't uo t _wor lmfl'o • Tl ' 1 11 -un roff • numlM f nf r1r l111h· dn•lf'N nn fi Arwll Vlfflf' 1lr1M'tur1I ntmp-nrnh ' lwfo1 hullt for OSIRAK anti f'lhrr rr1rl1Jf1_ Cmlit for l nmldnt •·•• •·lalntt'fl lw • f ft'Vlomh· unlnnwrn f nrh rnvhonmf'ntalhl 11nop •hlrh 'IINI tlM Tin '· Mil hlantl ralattrnph a lhf' ratnh· t that trl1t11 NI tht- r m 1 'f' SntwtJw ff I• 1hr r rl'Vhl'f' of O'ilft O r11m1 • inf'11h tf r prnfr lnnal hm 1l -m m1tratnl l 1M 11hntM1n tlir_ mr f n ilnao·•l 'Jll 11lullc phh·n •n l thr pl11N Mf'nl of lhfi rh1ra' ' hl 'r INI In •·lrl rir a I lnr idnn th t thr altar •·•• f'IN IIINI h · loi 11 • a nh 1'w1 fu hm•·rvn II • PSW'•tt 1h11 no hart r ·hlrnrr ha t_ n IUK'fWN NI lo All tlw r nrw lacilitiM will J mJ atrd with thr Sovlt •• llflpllrd ' l 't r rarC'h rrnC'lor al thr Tnwnlthn C rnlPr • Orhilnal plam l 1ll1 CI fnr complr Unn or lrur1's 40 l lt rf aclor c-nmmonh· d11hhrcl OSlltAK oml thr llfJO k '1 ISIS noit-l oth l l•m I op V't ID' 'fl al • n hwlmtri1I rl1nl • In I a S l'IW'•tm•M wh r ulM1Dnll•lr th v 1 rih'lnn 8 3 c a udl ·1• lnlt•n•sl m nul'l •ur wc•upons l ut slm•f' most of tl1t M• urt ul 1 ronslstrnt with U·• h 1ud's P 'nw1 tl lnh•n• lion In hrr llM•Jr horn tlr111•111IP11C't' nn fnrrhm nudP11r as hhmrr h ' thr mhl 191•Hk tlw ' ·1rnnol ht• t'Onstrm tl us 1 ronr or lt11t1I lntr11tlons In lt• •t•lnr a nuclPar w1•aix1ns cutmhllih· hul or t lhtK '1 J ahilih· ln lrul'llon Is urulc•r ur wllh '1111 tKli 1 ' uuhta m·t• nn u I mu• umis manufol·lur• inK fol'llily al Al l kamlarl 'ah that will 1111 llll't' urtlllrn· und 11mn11mltlo11 up to 130 mm In ruli11't r 2 11 lra c1'1 future• 1 laos ind1ul1• tlu• at· 111hlllon ur al 1 • ut unr m I 1xK ihlr ns man ' as four -1 -c ·trk pown reuelurs lkl lula I Is nt'ltnliullna ·Uh '• ' C Prman ' Huh · aml 1- runn• for II flfX t 't m1•1u1walt c•lc-c ·lrie pnwt•r n•uc·tor lhut h to 1 huilt m•ar Samnrra It h i t11mlah I thut uwurcl ol 1111' rontra I will 1 - mrulillmml upon ORrt't'fl'Wllt h ' thr hitl 1 -r to supph · hwl for 1111• rt•al'lnr as wrll Tlic• drchlnn on who will lmiltl thr n•ac-tor hu IJN'n fn'tponrcl W 'rral timM most re-• rrnth· until 31 Dt'l·•·mh r 19 9 In part lhi lml-olrna• aln• ma - b ollrilmtohlr lo lrailimale 11rh· ronC rns rai I by the th Thrc' ' Ille bland accident The lraqb dalmr J a much Jast sprlnst Howr 'rr it ls also lrur that thr tlrla ' can J r plollr l lo Ra•hdad's acl ·ant iRl ai a mt ans of imlucimt all lhrtt cnmprtilors who probahh• hf'lir ·r lhal winninR thr S amarra oonlract would a hr thl m an imide track i thr hitldinst on on ' futur ' rrat lors to hf morr fnrthrom• inst in thP lmls of nuclrar assistant'1 thr ' art willinR In extend ' In anv O ·rnl furthrr d la 's mnv hr r prdrd and II rems unlikrh· that thr Samarra rradnr will J oprralinnal hrlorr 1hr lal• 9 m 21 Tf'dtn ral Ob1taclr1 to Wf'apon Drt• rlo mrnf II Iraq umlt•rto M to dr • -lnp nm•lror w1•opnns the• Krr•h I trdmiral prohlc•m II will for• will proh• ohh· I•• a · tnl•lllon ol ullil'irul 11 11 molc•rlol Four a1111rondu'5 art oprn al lt asl In tht flt ' to naalulnd di 'n•io cl the HEU In the lurl to he supplird by FranC't' tor 1hr OSIRAK and ISIS rrat'lnn df'vc-lop-R rnl of lmlhlrnous mrnns or pmludrut fis ilr ma• lrrial tli 'rrsion nf plutonium produced In • nudrar powrr prORram m acquisition r fi llr material from 11 forristn urCf None of tht'Sf' J O o ihle palhs sho '·s an ' grrat promiSf' in the nrar futurf' 111m 27 Dlvc•rslon ol tlu• Fn•nch would lw• thr slmpl t and mmt tlirf'C'I rc111h• to n limitNI nnclrar capahlllli· 'hrn thi IIEU will lw-romr avallahlr I nol clror II unlikrl ' that thr lurl will J_ sup1 lircl 1 rorr romplrllon of the roatlon C' omplellon wa orialnalh· schedulrd lor 1981 but could rasih· hr drla vNI h · a 'r11t or more Thr amount to 1 suppli I bat'° undrar 1ml will ht• al lrttst 23 kilt Krams that is I J 5 kilottrams for nn initial lrnulim for ra ch ff Bt'lor ' Thi woultl IN snUiclrnt for a nuclrar explnsivr rr spt1rr lo ulinJt are provhlt-d by th Frt neh as much as l O kllooram rouid roncri 'sbh· h• made avallabl• C'nouRh for wvrrnl nuclrar wrapnns • Tl1e HEU cnuld Of' livrrtrd hrforr thr furl Is lrrncliatrd in thr rf 'artnr or nftrr rt'moval and stura«r In a coolinR pond for Sf'Vc-rnl months 10 This path lo prolifrration mav th 1s 24 Iraq will oln·hmslr ht- hra 'ih· lrprmlrnt on foreiRn support for lb nuclrar prostram fnr mr tirm• tn 1mr l asthd ul Ii howr ·er ma inR a 'IRornm rllnrl In alter this siluollon in part h · rndinR tis scirnlists to morr than a hair dn1rn fnrrian c-nuntrirs for tralninA anJ in part thromth an aRRrt i 'r and strnc-roush· fuml ·d 1 roc11rrmrnl prORr tm thal has C'f1 'f'rt'tl 'Vrrrthlmt from rt'at lon to prrci on shOp t t111ipm1•nt Act'f1rtlimt to the Iraqi official who h In eharRr of his couutrr's Urd1tlimt powf'r plant r roircl Iraq b 'W'«'klnR In ac11oin• itll thr N1ui11ml'nl_ aml trchnnlog ' it will nt t 'CI to ·achit' 'f' nurlrar lntlrr rmlt•ncr h · ahout 191-lfi u • Ahrr th lnlllal J llvr-rv nf I kllnitra1n nf l'F ll fnr thf' ISIS rr-ar1nf hm ·r -rr adrllllllfli l lflldlnp pm ·idNi lw 1hr l- «-och •·ill mfll•hh· N1r111 1 nf nnh· US li1Jt cum1 nf Jlf U fnr lhr SlflAt • Thr numtw-r nf nut 'lrar wr11rwm1 lhat rould I• rnmtrurlrd •nuld drf l'nd l1pnn 1hr n111ur - nf thl-lr' dMl1tn anti 1hr drdl'M_ vlrld Titr¥ lal tnr1 wmdd aho drt •rmlffl' th ltthnkal dnirahlhtv nf 11n11h dM·k-r nr _ -ip n r rndu 'Nl-an lmpnr1anl mn1ldrraUon fOf' J a1hrt1d hN-ault' 10 ·h a tNt wnul l lnwalVf' cnn1idrr1hll pnlltk-11 anti mllllarv rhk lr artlcularlv If Iran had fl t vrt tockrOrd 1nv 1r al'T' nudr•r wr11pnn1 for purpmn n dt'lrrrrtK't' Utr of hlf'I that had l'IN'n lrradlatrd In the- OSIRA r - rtrtr would rompllrat •·Hrwin dNiln and hhrit'allnn and rNfurt 1hr numl -r nf nuf'lrar wl 1pnn1 lh-sl roul1I 1 r luc'NI Imm •- alwn quanllh uf 1hr lorl rff'ln11l111inn ol II ' furl-• llfN'aUlhtflar ' 2 5 In sum likf' thr politic-al and •cnnomlc lnclka• tors «li u w•d c•arlir r a numhrr or thr trchnkal 11s l C'ls or Iraq s nudt'ar prot tram arr su1utrsth·r of • 11W' lr•ril• hnr aln-ad · drmnn 1r i1 '1 thrlr «-adihf In r plnll th prmfll 't nf th S mana n-ac tnr C l'lflhac1 In rffnrh In AC'flllirf' w-n llh r trr-hnnlfll • arul malrrial In Ar ril li r 'R fnr •-•mr lr '·hrn Japan l i1I nn thr r rolrc' t anti ff ' I In 111ri11I · la mitMlrm • nl d r rnrklw-il uunlum nrNINI In furl 1hr rrartnr un lrr an lnh-ftlflVrfn• mr11lal lr1tnar1h HfN'm nl 1hr trar1h 1 kNI thr J• fl#lirv In find Mtffll 11'1 -' In unhl ufrt111r1h nn 1tu1 ful I l • r1rh IIN aU f' 11f mf'II Ufr th Frrnc h arr rnn1hirrln1 hut arr JmlaNI inlilirlv In lffl l1 if 1hr lra111t nh --c-t 1trrn1tn111h·- ll·m1lil makr thr HF LI mn-rr difflt'nh tn Mndlr hut •·nuld n 1' affN I 1hr n11mh nl nuc-lru lhrir lnahilll In fumhh rnrkhrd manlum nn thrw- frrm thr Ja _ tul iu ntl · •llht-lrf W Imm th hhMln1 nn lfw S m1rn ' ' •rapnn1 lhal wold h • ma lr from h 9 ttlp 5 IHL roved for Release 2013 07 03 L___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ lu •• m l • t- ·1•11 U hl1111111lw tl wnc• t1H1 n I I ul hm• ll -l ll11u11l'iul uhl In rdurn h11 't' '1•r tlu- 1·lut111 • i 11ml Palhluu woul1I •• illnu lo llffl 'itlt• lrtHI with t•ltlll'r I I El 1· 11r c•11rkl111wnt M·n·l1·1• 11 w1111lcl -I•• 11n1l l1•in11lh·ul al 1 1 It h hiw hh· 11111ik1 h tlml l'ukl 11111 t•uultl ur rndd Ut'1't'tlt• In sud1 u r1•11111• t In I IH• u •ur fu1t1w l'mln llu• n 11' I 011thnhlh· uc 1111111tlom tlw Pukl h1t1I pl mt will nut pruchu-c• urril'l••1d 111• ll fur u ih11d1• 1111t'lrur 111° ·kt• IN•fon• tlw t•arl ' UIHCk Puklsl m wuulcl _lhw nut l111• in n pmlllnn In 11rnvhl1• st1t·h si•n·h'f• l1i1•f11ri• Ilic• mhl- lm«k u1nl·1• 't•n ll11•111m 11 't f ' li111lt1 1 I h ·111111• u thr1•al u t•urlr ' I0 I uwl 11 lll 1 •11ui11 um• u luuM - 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-urit · 1uaal rallll'r Ihun lrt•allna II D i an rml In it •lr In tlll'ir UJlJ rnarh lo 1111• Thir«I 'nrltl rnr f' ampll' lht• Srwirts tailor tlu•ir IIUC'lt•ar J llliC' ' torn tlwir rt•lntinn i with 1h1° huli ·hlual ronntn· cnnc-Nnc- I llillr thf' ' shnrr lr ·rilil'iw tllt' nudt•ar prrltlrams nf such thrP lmlcl i tuh-5 a South Africa hr lt'I Pakistan ouul Hrn1 il lht' ' un• willimt to nrt 1u a SllllJllin-ulhf'it undt•r 5 'lft•stnurthln Iraq l lh ·a Jntlia nncl Cuha Tin• Scwlf'ts OllPRr• •nlh· ·i •w tlw trumfrr nr nudt'ar h' 'hnol lRr anti nrnh•riul In frh•rullr N 'S os n nwan of ud1h• •lnu lmmrcliatP polllkal arul «' ·tmnmk IM•ru•fll 'i whill' Ruin• ir11t i Jn1f' nhility to 11r1• ·1•1d nr drl a t' U 'tlUl lllnn nr II mwl nr wt•u1 nn ca11ahilit ' h ' lhr rountrh•s t im• 't'fnt tl ll II m• likc•lr lhrrrlnrc lhnl 11 11 r So ·lc•I• lll ' 'Omr ronvinrt tl that lrnq b s •rlnmh· w« kinR to dr · •lnp n capal Jlil · to h11Jl1I nucl •ar _wrnpon 'i lhr ' will prl 'alf'h• attrmpt lo slymie thh rfort Tht- lra11i prohahh· r l 'l'l as mul'h 1ml cnlculalr that Mmc-nw wnuM nol prr s its oppmltlnn to thf' point nf ri lnp a r1111t111t• or rf'lallnm for pnr or lr IIIR an lmporhml Arah nlh• ·H wPII as ncrr In gas aml nil nf'f' lrd to fill lnnR•lrrm So 'irl rnrrRr rir ' ls In an · cvrnl Mmcow· n ilural prrfrrrnC1' will he lo rrmain In thr b ickRrn11nd encl 10 lrt 'f Jlrrn nntlnns rsrlf t 'inllr tht• lJnih t I Stairs Ink • 1hr IPntl In rlf'rtlnR nuhllc prPi surr on Iraq - i Shnulcl lmcow comr tn thr roncluslon thnt thr r tr rn alli '° wrrr unahlr to tnkr r Hf'C'ti •f' action aaainst ahclad it mhr ht df'C'idr In pl i •'a more ncli 'r rnlr F vrn in that 1• ·rnt hnwrvrr lls options woulrl 'illll I•• limilNI hr lh hrntulrr lnrrhm r nlkr C'ftnt't'rns Tlw w wonlcl ·irtuall ' prN lttclr takh1R 'mllilar ' rco• nnmic or political slrt1' hnrsh t nonR h to ru•rc-l if' a d oehl 'r lnflurnc-r on thr firrrr1v imlr1 rmlr•nl lrnqlr roved for Release 2013 07 03 H HaRl1tlad ·ill l t• parlkularh S4'U ilh·t• tu th1• rt•acllnm of l- rancr and llah· lo its mn ·t-s in tlw nudrar rtdcl ht t•a11w- it hJs turnt I to lhmt• two t'flunlrit-s as Us prh11ar · sourc 'S nf thr t QUipm •nt and h l·hnoloscr ii will rirt'tl In ud1lr ·t• a mfXlt I imlt•1 t•mlf t1I nudrar l'a1 ahilih· hr th«• mhl-lo-lah• IO i k l'aris anti Honw al lia ·r sold 'ila nifkant litllllllh-s nf un• ·••ntional arms In tht• Iraqis ·lio art• inlt•nt on rPdtu•• hue thrir 1IPJ 'rult•11L·1• un tlw l'S n in this fi••ld 51 At a n•st•nt tlw Frt•nt·h mcl llaliam a1mar1•nth· tin not JM'rt't•l 'f' anr ' 111 'indn ' 'itlt•nt'f• that lru«1 i St't• imt to dt 'PlnJJ a nud •ar wf'a1xms C apal ilit • U thrr 5houl I st'f' sut'h ·p •iclrnn• h 1th countric•s woull IN• fat'f'tl wilh a painful dilt•mma On tlw onr hand tlwlr 1mhlkh· 1 roc lain1t ti urul Jhll'l'rl'I ' lu•ltl cm1rrrn o ·t•r 1hr clanRrrs it1lll'n•nt in m1rlt•ar prollrnnllnn would 'lrtualh· didalr omP drmonslratinn of dis11l •a liurl' wilh lrn 1's l t•h a 'lnr On thr ollu•r the• nt'f'tl In prolf' 'I ot u•r important politic-al and -conomic ir1t1 •rMts in Iraq as wl'II as in the Mid llr F ast in swnrral would ani 11 aRainst a forcrf u rrspnnsr 49 Thr Italians maintain that thrir r porh nf nu ·lt•ar NIUipnu nl matrrial and trclmolORr arc- ml jt t·t In itrkl NPT anti IAEA saft tuarch-and arr ·finlimu-nt on lmt nrh•r -uaranlN i not lo comtruC'I nud • u ••1plcKh·r tlt• ·kM To nw lttilr«'1- howr ·Pr f'ffc' tin• anti uniform impl •mrntation nf thi i policr h i i lw •n im l •d I hr hau nH'ntatiun nf rr pom ihilitr · aml hnr 'aucralk complt• Ui1• •• 52 Thr pot 'nlial slrrns clh of naRlul ul's harp aininR po ilinn i li illuitrat• I hl· tht• follnwhtR consiclt ral ions - 50 Fnr its part Fn•nch nuclc•ar t•1r ort polkr has undrnznnr a lllarknl cnan e undrr Prrsidrnl Cir card Since cominJt to oUkl' in 1974 GiSl anl has rr 'rrwtl lhc• r •lath·rh· permh Si 'r prniliom of prr 'iom Frrnch Kt1 'c•rnmt•nts with n f «-ct hoth to Rrnrral pnlicr and to spPcUic projt ·h In thf' prot' 's i h ' ha 'i imhm- I lht Frr11 'h hun•nurr in· with a nrw nwnrrnt i of lhr damtt•n ancl r -spnnsihilith6 1i a 1C'iatrd with r portinsc nudrar trchnnloi · and m 1tt'rials A kf r 'lrmt'nl in Gi ·ard's approach was his tablishment in 1976 of a prMhlPnlialh· chairNI inlrrministt'rial conndl to pa iS nn fnn•hm nudf'ar polic-r l'ncl«-r his ac'-ais thrrr ha ·r lw f'n two IPcisinns In l loc k tllf' I ' h · Frrnch lirms or nudt•ar rr-proccs inJt focililif ' i lo forc•hm rountrirs in onr Casr to Pakistan in the other significant Ir cnnusch In Iraq 11 Somr- Italian nffh-1211 hu--r- t utl - 1frmnn tta Ni rrim-r n at 1111 thi- prnllfrratlnn a pr c1 nf ah·· nm·lr-ar ulr In Iraq anJ a l flmmilmrnt In ac-1 In tMlt aln 11t11lifrratinn ri h llowf' 'f t thr rtlrt'mr- wrakrn• t1f lhf' Italian Gnnrnm nt lh lmprotali 'f' nnl In Jr nr mlltf' C ahiflf'I unih· h · PfM dna JM ivf' 11 nM 11 fl nuom link to llalian ttthniral nHil 'ials and lhf' lac-k of aartt d inff'fnalinnal standa«h fm nudt ar r- on 1 etmtml iall IHU M-1 that f'fff CliVf' Italian ac11i n tMltklinic hnplrmf'nfalinn nf thi- d 11 •·Ith Iraq t not lili r-lv In lht- ni-ar lf'rm n C lwar I al 1 lnlf'r ·f'nt1I In Vf'ln ht- ull' nf a IP n•1INI a raphl rt•at·lnr to lra11 11at had hn-n apprtwNi In l9i-t h · hf' t w-n r imf' Minl fl r JaC QtlM ChiraC' Thr ft'at-lor In QUM lnn •·u • lf't ' r-lfklrnt plutonium prnduttr of 1hr h'Pf' uw-d lo ur pnrt tht ftl f'K'h nu 'lnr •·l at nnt prrcram To avoid anlaanolrimt llw- lr af b thr Frr-m h nfff'tNI tn huild thrm a nudf'u tMf 1rrh t't nlM-and to wll lhrm Fra ·s m I VIPhi llc-atrd _ a c-h tf'ac-lnt IM' OSIRIS-as c-nml' f'm afinn Thh i ffflf' of tht- tf'aYm thal thr Fm'lt h ff'f I Iha lhr · c-annnl tf'nmlnn- nr rrukr- malnr chancr- In thl' OSJRAt iOSIJIISI 'Alr HtN'mml Ill' 19S0 ahoul 2 5 ll 'rot'nl of 1hr oil lhal Fran rom11111 s 11nnuallr wil h • imt nrh 'I from Iraq Tht corr •ssx mliml fomr • for Jtah· Is Ii prr -c•nt Iraq howe 'f'f is ha ·inR diHkultr ffl aintaininR nil outnut I currrnt l •vrl 'i nml ma · hr M-r imz an rx •u • In il ii h •ii ports to a nrnior customt•r - Thr Frrnch and Italians art• •nclc-a ·nrh1R In l t c• ports lo-Arah counhir i In nU •t thrir sharph• risinR oil import hills and Iraq providrs a Rrow• inR markt•l In nart ic1ilar 1hr Frt•ncll arms irulu 'i• Irr r 1tc•t ls In cn11lnr«- from -thr lJSSI a l trllt' sh 1rr or thr muhihillion-dollar lrac1i arms markrt u - Iraq ha 'i $IO hillion in Eurodollar as b 1l ut C'an hr rmplo '«•tl aJ hnth carrot nn I stick Vhilr nrilhrr FranC'f' nor ltah· 15 a major mone · markrt a numhcr of l a linR French han s arc hea ·ilr dcl 'ndcnl on Arah capital and petrodollar clrposils - fiaJ hclad fhu1rrs importanth· In FranC r·s lamer rUnrh to rrMtahlish ih former inrlur rltial k»i• lion in the Midtllt- F mt Paris srt'm li ronvinccd that ran is «-mrrsr inJt as a lrading rr R innal power ancl the French mar he ·illinsr to sr n to ronsid 'r ahle lr nscths to avoid jcopardizinsr the nichP thrv have carvrd out in that arra - Similarlr Italian intcrt' il In mnintalnlmz Rood relations with Iraq may he reinfoi-cr-d by foar that strains in th rrlatinm ouM tul ' 'rSC h· aUe Ct Rome's crucially· important lid s wi th Middle East oil suppliers in genrral •• In 197'4 fr nrh pnrh In fra11 Wf'N aim-cl al l ' 00 million llall•n al S 12 million · 13 l Th • u•c onl 111ut1• lli that tlll' Iraqi ul' liL1•h lu rnr s- - 1 rommun c•nmity townul lsr 11'1 1111' 1• lt II nr r 11lnit lllt'ir 11• ·rr uu• urth ·h·-11 iflll hoth tltwah uul lh1• t'lup n ilinn tlu• t·un· is IILrly to IN• limil1'fl h · IWh hro ul iohil1ilimt m·tun 1 hl uulid11111•nt -to lMKtpo1u• •lu- In lli al 1 111111• 1111I l'arh dr1 hlt• lh 11 ll nihclml t• m 1111 l111tl rr ·rr-tl1hh IN· i rt1 tlu• IJt•m·rH thr iluultt a t•ll 1t lo tnillintb• tlw la111 uu• 10· lr 1ql lntn • h wllf'n tlwt tla ·onlf' E ' 'U 11111111 11 Bn5tlu a I fllll l ullow fnr tlu• rUt•l' I'S uni 1 11 lhh· Sn 'it'l t•rfurl ln stiU •11· Fn•1wh 11hl ll 1li 111 r•• 1ln• II 1nuhahlr It- it'i llnrifk't h Sllt'l't' 'itli rr M•c·t lo llu• lir l uliit·rth·t• with 1111 11·a li111i 111-11rm·itlhuc a th111lat1•1I c•Jrlin it t 1lt• no J rl t'ia1itont u·tiun that cli r••I al_l l 111ht ulM111t tllf' mllil in· nafuu• uf it ultimuh• lnt1•nli11n in tlw nudrar fit-Id Tiu• Jrnqb ire• 1uuhal1h· 11• 1 l'Onfidrnl hmn• ·1•r al uul thPir ahilih· to l'nntrni tlu• c-on Nlllt•nr r-nc-r tl11• «111 11 d1aral·t -r or tlwi 1111d1' lr 1m rnm i i In bet irrc•trlr ' 1hlr t' IMK 'tl It i i at l1•a it lif ihlf that 1- ranef aml llo1h· will I 'flffiJX•ll1 tl to imtX'n J nul' t if not all form li nf ct1llahorntlon In tlu• rmc-1 •ar firl«I In that t• ·1•n1 U w111drl lw• mllik1•h· that t'ithn otl1e•r 't• tnn i 111pllt r i or hr will IN• w111ina to ll'Jl in lo 1hP mp Al tlll' m•• llmt• llu• tlc•stn'f' to which hact mar he uhl1• In prr 'rnl adn•rse• fort•hm rradinn i tn ib nudl 'ar plan i frnm dama tins ih intrrMb in nthrr h•ltls is d •arh· likt•h· tn clc·p •ml on circum ilant'H I hat will In -om • r tlf•nt al lt•ai t Jx lwrnml iU control Thu i tlu lr CJi i will h wr mnrl r1- 1 n In if'i•l to a ·11itl hrimtlrut muitns n a ltt'atl for · ·rr 11 'Par -that i rlot until th1•r ha 't•Ja icl l'nn hlrrahly srn1ml1•r lmuulalinm fnr tlu• ad1it' 'rm1•nl of tlw currrnt nuc-lrar ancl forrhm pollrr sto 1k ur nr r 0 - 1•111•ral r1•lol'l 11u-1• tu han• mililurllr •111 ili ·1• m rumnu•rl'i ilh· ·al11ahlt• uul'lc•ar h'i hnnlt r for r •ar or lnrnt•lt•rtn l 1111a u• In rn1tln11ul int r1•1 ts - Mure• SJlf t•ifi ' 1 ·1•r iiiin11 ln•it1for ·1 CI hr •onsht1·r• 1ti1111 or liLt•ly ucl 't'fSf' Jntn mllonal ft'fk'rt'IIS• dnt1 1ii In cl •lilu•r 1h•lr lwlpil1R unothr•r slut - to n1•11uir1• a 1111d1•ar '1•a1 om t• 1pahili1y 11 '1•11 thr • 1iilal1• 1i IN•nt nn u·r111iri11R md1 u c- 11ml1ility ior llll'm i f•lw· han• Rnotl L·au • tu wish In cli liit flllfaJtt• whlt-r prnlifl•ralinn - Unwillin n•• s to 11- 1 -t with arn• rc lllrt'f' i for r t 1m1 le nuda-ar matnials 'iJWcialilt' I t'fJlliJlmrnt ancl d illrcl JX-r llnnt•II nt C Cl1'CI lo fulfill uatinnal nudt•ar l oals r ussn rm t t oh1•r apprni I of llll' t• th•nt or tlw l i hlillU'f' tlmt tlw lr uJi i t·nuhl rra onahly 1• p1 't In ff'f'f•i ·r for tlu•ir n11dt•ar cmJRram from r prriPnc- - c I lru• 11pit1R t•111ml it' i wnultl trml In n•infnrcr ll1r anr11m1•ub for pm tpnninR thr la · or rt ' knnina · Frw tlu c nimtri - m11ltl m 1lc r mort• than a maniinal --onlrihulinn to tlu• Iraqi proi tram and for ' uinu rr a -Om mMl nf thnw th 11 cnultl rnnlriln1lr mnrr wnulcl prohahlr 11ffl 't' unwillimt tr- clo -1 artil-111 uh' nnC'f' Rasdulad' inh•nl to cll' '1•l11J a ' IJ 1hi1i1r In huilcl n11c-lrar wPat•m wa c-lc•arly r tahlidu-cl AlthnuRh tfu lraiJI will II • uhlP In nU •r rconnmk Im •nll ·t' i aml in tlw raw nf l'nkit lar at 1 •a I pl '1 upnn hoth ludim l orul iml nr P 01·1 - n 11Hi l HW'I fn m -uf l an tlll'lllirNo roolil 1 - 011•1•lr- m -11h 1I 111 II' l lrnt In d u'l l linf' IMffcll 1 - 111 11 1 hnnlnc ml m 11 i -l frnm r n lfki l n11rrM- 1n Niru u·h in I M-r in• i l1 tlwl 1'tl M t1o1d1111 11 1 f 11111 1 lrnn mil i11lmcu - h 1111 inlt l1111t·h • 11 -rntiH•t ha - ih l ul tllf R intn 'I 111 i114 ip1hif lr 1mulr r11 u f J 111 wl11m - 1 In unr l' 't•nt lrm1i t•Unrh to datr lo t ap 'f•nml lllf or nudr 1r n i lant•f' llllJM' lf to llll 'f' irlclioel M 'lllll r1•tttrm lla1tl1rlatl 1• 1wrlrm-c• with an· lnflia-whkh ii thr Tliircl 'nrltl' i moc t i nr hii tkah'fl nalinn in lrrmc of n11cl1•ar t ·lrnnlr J ty 01HI is a lMllrn• lial YlnrN nf hnth rl'prot• i imt an«I nudl' lf 1• nlo- i ·1• ll't'lmnlost '-PTO ·hlN a nnlahl1• ra in point Tiu• twn t·onntrh ituwcl 1 hilah•rnl nt1df'ur c1w11lf•rntinn 11 t rt'f' nll'nl m fart·h l Jj hut ht• h1•ru•fits that Im · • flnw - 1 tllt'rrhnm for Barluliul have lw- •n • ·rn•ly limil _J hr SP Ddhl'li_ lnni t t laotlh1R nncl riJthl tM11icy of nnl trandt•rrimt 'W'Oliilh·1• nuclQar IN'hnnln o• to ntlu r t•mmlrit' Thi i prohihitinn lms In fod 1- - •n Ui s lit I with p utir-ular trhuu•nn· lo Iraq nnil nth •r Arnh ilalt'1'i for fr 1r that Pl'lki l tan mi ht hrt'f1mt• tht• uhimalr IM•m•r ida rr 5fi Al pr nt 1mlian nndtJr 'OOl rralion with lr u1 apprars lo l'H ' rMlrkh' I to an c- u·hallRP uf h•ntish and th pro 'ii inn or opportunilif for lr iin hut al thr nhahlm 'At lmic nr • trc h C c•nh•r llAllC m•ar l 11mli 1y 0 1hr 1 3 forrhm d1•itlblc who rt•• - ·i •NI lrnininR nt IIAUC In HJ7i four wt•rr lrnqb whn wf'fr Ri 'rn C11t1r in lnw-trmprrnturr phrsi uranJ• um analr i I rt artnr 1 J - i i ancl nl'nlron rl«•frac-lion A fifth Iraqi whn otud t tralnlnR in hNl ' '•watrr 1•1 1rnliun Wll toM that hi i i rnJ c 'lf'f ·pr01 rnm wonltl nut lw• ··rt• i ilil · IM•t· tlt'lf' uf 1 lhor 11n liJ m ut 11u• lir l ' '•Wnl •r plant wlu•rt• hr widuoel to tmh· ' In llw 1• ·1•111 11ml llw lmlinm h1•t·nm1• t•11n '1111•1'tl lltal lrm1 u' ndh·1•lr •rlimi In tl1• 't•ln11 11 11111·lt•1u 14 1lSp St ret ' 'fop S1u11tl 7 t·a11 al1ililL '' l 1•ll1i w1111ltl uluu t · ·rt ainlr 11 1••r11I or luu1 h nirl 1il lh ulre•uch· limih- 1 1111d1• u •• 1111p •rntlu11 Ith Ha l11l ul lriu1i t't·111111111h- i111l11t·c•m1•11h 11r 1m-s 11n• thrlr uliilih· lo ahl lr1111 rill IM• 1111111 1 llmih tl or lint' llnw In 'flllU' 1'1u• l ru1ilinm hn 't• r •ml J off lr1111I t•11ln•ull1 ' f11r n ·l t• w11rklm c rrl 1th1nd1i1 I l 1wf' 't•r llu• • lm 'f' m n- - 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f nr lllf' h•lel ti for i nut lrnnwn 11 udulml h11' h11w1• ·1•r llf pruat•lwtl lw1lh llrniil urnl T11rL1• ' In r • 1•ttt1l munth u·llh pmt muh fur rmd1•11r t•1w11w•rntlnn - 111 much fll'lllt ·r ur tlu• f• f'lllllllrlt• I hnnHIIII' h11m i 'i Flnalh· tlwrr l ii l irnt•I h t·nmhh•r Thr rbk lhnl hn I ' or ntli •rwl • lru •nullnu tll'llno c·1111ltl rovokt• a 11rt-t•m11lh-1• ulliu-k from tl1111 qunrh•r hn ulrr•nil ' hrrn d1t•1I 'l111 1h1° thr •d10l I or l rn •ll t11l1•rnnr1• hi un• c•l1•11r 1h lruqlJ 11111111 1 1·1•rl11lnh· n-c·o mb1• that lhP 15 roved for Release 2013 07 03 1 'T s tt -- --- _ 1 - - - - - - - - - - -----J duru1rr or holh c ovrrl aml we-rt 11lwllro l Jntrn·rntinn Is vrrv r••ol Conclu1lon1 ond lmpllcotlon1 IWI Wr hovr no hnrcl rvhlrncr thut lru t h ' •• ·rt tlt-chlrd to lt'flllirr nudrar wf aponJ Nonrthrlt-s Iraq's ltt'Urit ' roncrrm rt itlonal umhltlnn ll5 W rtlnns nl hitrnt to niokh hrorll nu •lror cnpul1llltlr and lrmon5tratrd lnlrrt•d In ttthnolosdt s anti matrrh1b that woulcl IH' nerdrd to dr ·r-lnn an autonommti 111 rlrmr wt'apnns potential proviclt• strona rf'ason to hellrve 1h01 11••hil•d ha ot lra t drcld d to put ltwll In a Jl'l llllnn lo pmdurr nucl u ·wrnpom1 IF It rvrntuallv dMlrN to do ' hv clrvrlnpln• r allvrlv wll ulllclrnl nuclear lnd111lrlol h• '· 117 This concludon Is consistent with whot we know nl the o erall p llcv environment In Iraq lla•hdail's politkal and milltanr mntlvf'S for punulnsc Heh a 'rourw art slrona Thf' hiahl - ttntralb NI nuthoritar• Ion fla'thl t polltlcol svstrm lnrnlnt - thr lroql lrad •n a11aln t public preimrM and racJlitalM mnlntrnanrr of lhc- nrcMui'y dPart''f' of M Crrc1 · AH Whlle the Iraqi ohvlou lv hellrve t hot the lrvol ol pnllllcal and mllllorv rl k aS nclat d with their currt-nl pullNn of activity In thr nuclrur flrhl I ncct•plnblr thry have r- hlhltr·d 05 notrd rurHrr a Kr•alrr d 'llree of pr••matlsm and llexlhllilv In their forrhm 01ic1· hehavlor ovt'lilhf' pint vrral 1·r 1rs that that thry art' not In am-• l tlrlkular l11irr1 · to nchirvr thrlr mnrr amhltlnm ohJtttivM MorNlvrr lra J'5 top lt•1ul1•r Drf' 1 roh11hly nlrrnrl · wrll nwur lhnt ovrruR 1trM1lvr pur1111t of thr nuclro r wrapom option cnuld hr hiKhlv co11ntrrpr0 lucllve In trrms nl It rffocl on other · and mnrr prt S5lns c m1llnnal lnlrrMt5 5URRMh Thov are thus likely lo lavor a covert and rrlallvrly mra5urt'd nuclrBr wr apnm rMf'arch anti drvrlopmrnt rllnrt which II ulllmotrly collr I upon to dn '°• could rrnMmahlv l f' f'll prctrd to' produt'f M 'rral 1lrllvrrahlr warhrad5 hrfore II wa5 unrovrrNI 69 Thr wlde-ranRIOK noture ol Iraq's qu -t for nuclrar trchnolostv 5URS C b Ihat Rn htlocl dOM not yrl hnvr a lhr I plan for achlrvln• lhl I Hl•h-profllr 5hnrk1115 lnvnl lnA dlvrnlnn of Frrnch IIF L' 'or furl 5u Ht11llnn In 5afr51 11artlrcl rrnctou wnulcl hnwt' 'f'r m In h - rulr I out n5 nn •lhlmr morr lhnn Mt rr virl 1ulnrlliN und 1wn'f'11llnn of rllk WP- lwll •1• llu1I II Iii unllkrh• that lroit will uttem11I In mild nurl •ur w1•01 om l••forc- 1hr lute 19HOs •• In thr lnh•rlm hnwrvc-r IIH lr11ql1 'an 1 - t'll'M'l'h' I lo pt rsbl in trylnR to Ol'flUlrr oll th• IU'rr urv skills ludlltlrs uml 11 •11• m11h•rlul nn lrr thr l'fl 'c r of thPlr 1x•nrt•ful nudc•ur 1n° r11m 71 II RDRhdad lnllnw thl rounr of ocllon It will prnf ahlv l f' surl'C SSful In -clrtrrrl1111 an1 · srrlnus su1 pll1•r pres urt'S holh Wrslrrn ond Sovlrt ov •r the next wvcr I ·ears The duol chur11ct r of lraq•s nuclrar pr° ram 11 howrvrr llkf'ly to become lrs and it amhlanou a5 lht• countrY approachr a capohlllly lo hullcl nuclrar wraponl Thr br lt-lb mnrt-ov1•r ore likrh· In ralw mnrr ur1trnl alarms as soon u th ' ' can mokr a plau lblr ca r-holh to mohlll r lntrrnollonol prrssure aaulnsl Iraq and to Jmllfv In advance an ' direct action lhe · may decide to toke 72 Althou•I· the pmrnt llmlts of lsrorll lolrrancr Wf ffl I rt•aMJn l lr tn o· •imtm that lhrv will dblncllneil lo rl toklni anv rrollv dro tlc action unlrll 1hr1 · are convinced that _Iraq Is on thr vrrar of acnulrln1t onf' or two drltvrrohlr nuclrnr wrnpons Hrnre rvrn lhoua h rorly Iraqi cllvrrslon ·of the lnltlol 111pplles ol Frrnrh HEU would hrlnR thr hrnrll to hlRh lotr of oh•rt It ml hl nnt trlKirr on arr unknown II lmmrdlatr prN mptlvr ft JlflhW IM-CouM- Tri Aviv could count on somr deloy hefore Ra•hdod would hr ahll to construct usahlr nuclrar wt'apon5 from the moterlal 73 At thr amr tlmr howrvrr hrarll perrrpllnn ond npllon will 1 ollrctrd hv luh rr cl onRrA In th1• r 'lllnnol and Klohal pnlltlcomllllnrv rnvlronmrnt In conM't1Urnce If the lro Qlll Imply monnae tn avolll r rovnklmt hrarl or thr •wrst for four or flvr yt nn llmr ml•ht work to their advontaRe Rv then th•v mn1· nn lonttcr l f' M 1l« 1 f'ndr nl nn fnrr hm nuclrar • 1 toncr and 1hr Imel mlKht llnd prrrm11tlve lnlrrv ntlon pnllllcallv oml mllllarllv morr dllflcult 7 4 Ahhou•h wr cannot lnreca I wllh any d l rre of ronll lrnce J11 t how the lm1I• would lx havo II thov ulually acqulrrd nuclcnr wrnpofl I durlmc 1 he C'Omin i drcnrlr wr douhl thnt thrrr would hr mnlnr rhnn«•• In tlu•lr ovrraU lorrl•n policy ohjrcllv • RoRhdnd 11 vlrluallv crr1oln tn rrmnln trnn•lv nntl-hrarll It b also likrlv to hr nl f1fiil with a n11mhrr ol Arnh mrl'l Ulrr 1• iO ll frrinR M mr unforr n chanp e in thr Mid llr Eut mllilnrv or pulilknl rnvlrrinmrnl thnl hrm1A hl ohnul ti mnrkNI ihlft In naizh lncr currrnt polkh lop Ahhm1ah at prrvlrnnlv lmllcalNI unlilr t'IV ann'ht-r tlravrl mf'nt'lhat ml1ht r rnmrtt n111h1bd tn l 'N lrralr lh nudrar •·r1pon1 llmMahk- wnul l N1vnl IN111hlllnn nf a 1uhdanth1 I qn1ntllv nf forr an r rrwhlrrd flullr malrrlal 16 cc _ raa swttw 4 - 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ur 1111• 1• hlim i11h•rn 11i 1wl IUIJll ffllUf'r tli1111 n•l iffll' 111 ·h•w ur lln• lt• 't'r t •· 11ml Iraq l' 111 l1ri111 t lo ' 'ii 1111 Its 11ri111'i11 il mu·lt•ar Mll'l lit·r 1111' d1 1m·1•s ur liro ul uml lh111•h t·1M•IM'r tti11n 111 1l1•11rit11 r l udul ul I llw 1l1• rr1• uf ur1 tc·1wy tlmt tlif' lrm1is at1ad1 lo lllf'ir nul'11• 1r wr tpons 11mhiti11m uml 2 tlu•ir lx•ha '• iur ii mul lu-rt lllf'r noss tl1t• w1• 1J e111s thu•slmlil l'rti trt'M• luwuril u 1 ro ullr u•1 ·1•ph•1I IH·1tt·1 wtllrm ·nt 111 1111' Mhl1ll1• Eu t will llf• 11urtk11l1trh· lmpurtunl in lhi'i t•11111u 1 ti1111 l c•r 111i 1• iF 1111' lrn 1is ut·quirt• u 1111• c- 1• 11 w1• 1po11s 1·u11aliilllr li r sud1 u s1•1tl1•1111•11I Is o1d1h• ·1•1I tht• tl1• t il1il 1i11 t•Ht'dS fir llll'h' lll't'lllll1Jlish1111•11l ill h · u n•111h·-u111I 1H·rlm11s tli 1s1r1111slr- lnrthn m• 11w1111o•a1111lkal1l1• m 1ll'fi tl i 1t•d111ol1 uy uml 111nu ulfl1•1I 1md1•r t uulitnt of tlll' t·n11 •c111 •11n· uf 11 i11i 11111•l1• ir l' lflllfl 17 C01102734 J - - - • -• ' i'· - ' ' f ANNEX I THE IRAQI ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION ' ' 2 llrvnnd lhrlf' •nerol llr w• knnw vrr1· 11111• alMHtl 1hr nl 'rallnns nf 1hr IAF r or Its sulNlnlinolo r1¥'ard1 C'f'Olf'r IN' photc- ra11h and map tlowevf'r II has h n rrporlrd lhol Dr JaTor Ja'for Iraq'• hrsl tralnrd m1cleor phy1lrlsl hos •n•oard In weapons• rrlttrd rr rarch pouihlv no mnrr lhan fra 11 illlv •huliM and lhot hf harl l N n oulhorhird In lahl 1 a stall nl nuclear enalnern lo as isl him In lhls rllorl 1 I lr11 1 '1 nudrAr pnlldt-s urf s t•I ll ' PrMhlrnt Sutlclum l1111nvn In hb cupacltv a1 Ch11lrman or thl' lnu1I Alnmlc Enc-ra 1 Commlnlon hul thr cfa 1-tn-dav ocllvllh•s of lho l U' C are manoar I h1· IIIP 0 •1mlv Cholrmon Dr 'Alxl al-Ranaq Hoshlml Thr IAF C hu four comr nnrnb - Th• Ollir• of Polich•• ond Pr011roms Is rMpoml• hie lor coonlinollnK lhe r nrch 1oal nf lh• IAEC with lnrolRn lmtltulrs It olso molnlaln 3 The amounl ol fundlnR for IAEC Is unknown but II may be llnanrt'd thrnuRh lhe Trade n ulallon Council In tho Mlnlslr1· ol lnduslrv and Minerals The f drnt of miH rtry lnvnlvemrnt in thr nnclrar pr flram Is unclrar 11111 II ha h n rrporlrd lhal lhe Mlnl trr of Drfrnsr hos • rrprr 0nlotlvr In 1hr AF CO rurrrnllv hrlirvrd In be Hunan 'Alxl al-Khaliq 'Ahd al-Ghafur 1 Thi mlRhl explain whv II was Defense Mlnisler Tallah who alter vlsllln• Po•ls annnuncrd lhat lhe French had plrdRrd prnmpl replacemenl ol lhe damaRrd OSIRAI rroclnr cnmponrnls contact wllh the International Atomic Enrniv Aaer1cv - The Ollie• for F ducollnn and Trolnln I In ehnrJte nf plannlna and orizanl1 ln11 Mucatlnn · couues 1 nd lttturrs for IAEC rsnnn I -The Office for Adminlslrallon Is re pon lhl lor K'Cllrily and all adminlstrallve aflaln - Th• Olflc• lnr Prnlc•I• 1hr lar•nl and mml lmporlanl IAF C cnmponrnl Is rr pon ihlr for lhe ronslrucllnn of all nrw huildinR for nudear prn t-cts lncludin1 nuclrai rMt-arch and pow rractor prnJ -cts It Is alio rHponslhlc for thrrevlew of comlructlon hlds and cm I «-sllmatM of nucll'ar proJf-cb· 1 Dr Ja'far hrad1 th TuW1llh1 NurW1r Rl'Vurh Oonlrr'1 0 lflt'lnd · w al 't lln r a lfflfflt nl Nurlf'tr Ph 'tln Ill• harltarnund of f'•PMH'nl f ·wnrltln1 In lhfo Fn-nch nudHr Nt1hlt1hmf'nl • 19 roved for Release 2013 07 03 20 C01102734 l q ' 't ' I I' • roved for Release 2013 07 03 ' • l'•a 'I · ' • ' L • i' · ' ' ' ·· i ' f •• •' I • '' ' t '