You always hear about the 'nuclear football ' Here's the behind-the-scenes story abcnews go com US wireStory hear-nuclear-football-scenes-story-101408000 The “nuclear football” is a bulky briefcase that contains atomic war plans and enables the president to transmit nuclear orders to the Pentagon ByDEL QUENTIN WILBER Associated Press July 18 2023 10 08 AM FILE - President Dwight Eisenhower tries his hand at the controls of the USS Patrick Henry ballistic missile submarine during a tour at Newport R I on July 26 1960 William Burr a senior analyst at the nonprofit National Security Archive at George Washington University says during the late 1950s Eisenhower and his advisers worried about the U S ’s vulnerability to a nuclear surprise attack So the president could make quick decisions on the spot a military aide started carrying a satchel of documents that would help the president communicate with the Pentagon or other military headquarters AP Photo CPG File The Associated Press WASHINGTON -- The most important — and mysterious — “football” in the world isn't really a football at all 1 4 Officially called the “ Presidential Emergency Satchel ” the “nuclear football” is a bulky briefcase that contains atomic war plans and enables the president to transmit nuclear orders to the Pentagon The heavy case is carried by a military officer who is never far behind the president whether the commander-in-chief is boarding a helicopter or exiting meetings with world leaders Beyond those basic facts however not much is known about the satchel which has come to symbolize the massive power of the presidency Let's change that William Burr a senior analyst at the nonprofit National Security Archive at George Washington University published a report Tuesday detailing his recent research into the presidential pigskin Among the tidbits Burr unearthed The football once contained presidential decrees that some in the U S government came to believe were likely illegal and unnecessary there would be nobody left alive to implement them in the event of a nuclear holocaust Burr who has spent three decades researching and writing about nuclear war planning and history sat down with The Associated Press recently to talk about his research and the nuclear football's history The interview has been lightly edited and condensed for clarity Americans increase spending modestly in Juneas inflation eases and the job market remains strong WHAT IS THE ‘FOOTBALL’ WHEN DID IT FIRST GET DESCRIBED THAT WAY In the beginning there was the president’s “emergency satchel” or “the black bag ” During the late 1950s President Dwight D Eisenhower and his advisers worried about the United States' vulnerability to a nuclear surprise attack So the president could make quick decisions on the spot a military aide started carrying a satchel of documents that would help the president communicate with the Pentagon or other military headquarters The satchel also included presidential proclamations — Presidential Emergency Action Documents or PEADS — declaring a national emergency and expanding executive power to deal with the crisis Initially the satchel and military aide followed the President only during travel outside of Washington D C Eisenhower passed the satchel on to his successor John F Kennedy and sometime in the early 1960s it also became known as the football perhaps because of the Kennedy family’s liking for touch football WHY SO MUCH INTEREST IN IT The explanation is the secrecy and the problem of nuclear risk and danger The idea of a military aide following the president carrying a locked bag with secret nuclear information is a routine for the modern U S presidency that has intrigued journalists and historians and the 2 4 public The idea that the president needs to be able to make speedy decisions in a perilous moment conveyed the ultimate danger of nuclear weapons That the football system has lasted since the late 1950s adds to the mystery WHAT GOT YOU STARTED My research at the National Security Archive has partly focused on command-and-control arrangements for nuclear weapons On command and control some good information has been declassified over the years But there are so many aspects to the nuclear problem that I did not look into the history of the football as early as I should have Unfortunately but not too surprising only a smattering of information has been declassified Even the few relevant documents from the 1960s are heavily excised THE FOOTBALL CHANGED DURING THE CARTER ADMINISTRATION TELL US MORE The football included emergency proclamations that as the Carter administration found out had not been updated for years And there was concern about the legality of some of them Also White House officials recognized that the comprehensive devastation of nuclear war could make the proclamations irrelevant By the early 1980s the presidential directives had been revised but how they were changed has not been disclosed Whether there were still worries about their legality is also an open question AND THE VICE PRESIDENT SOMETIMES HAS ONE TOO Americans increase spending modestly in Juneas inflation eases and the job market remains strong Apparently when Richard Nixon was vice president he was assigned a black bag The next vice president Lyndon Johnson declined a black bag When Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas top military commanders worried that the new president did not know what was in the football so they made sure that a White House military aide gave him a briefing after he arrived in Washington If any of the vice presidents from Hubert Humphrey to Nelson Rockefeller had a military aide carrying a football it has not been disclosed so far as I know But President Jimmy Carter was aware of the vulnerability problem and made sure that his vice president Walter Mondale had a military aide carrying the football SEEMS LIKE THE FOOTBALL IS EVERYWHERE AND NOWHERE HOW DID YOU APPROACH UNEARTHING A SECRET THAT HIDES IN PLAIN SIGHT You’ve put your finger right on the problem — everywhere and nowhere For example we can see the military aide carrying the bag behind Vice President Mike Pence during the Jan 6 2021 riots at the U S Capitol But its contents remain as inscrutable as they were 50 years ago The Archives' new posting includes photos of the military aide carrying the 3 4 football sometimes with the president in different situations From some of the photos you can see what looks like a little antenna projecting from the bag suggesting that it includes communication devices As far as the contents go some details have been leaked and some general information has been declassified — but very little in the way of specifics ___ The Associated Press receives support for nuclear security coverage from the Carnegie Corporation of New York and Outrider Foundation The AP is solely responsible for all content Del Wilber is the Washington investigations editor for the AP Follow him on Twitter at http twitter com delwilber 4 4