APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE • •• ••• • • •• •• •• • • • •• •• • •• eee e ••• •• ••• • •• • •• • • • • •• • • • •• ••• •• •• ••• ••• • •• •• ••• • ••• • •e- Uttctua • •• • •• • • •• ••• • • 0 - 282 •L t- -- 5 2 r- m 0 00 ' co r- 0 - f 0 0 00 M M a M t • 1' l' t · ' ••• • ••• ••• ••• • ••• • • • •• • • •• • ••• •• ••• • • •• ••• •• •• •• •• •••• f ' • •• • •• ••• • • •• U NCIJ ffED •• RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -- · • • • • • • • • C • • 0 • • • • ' UIClAffffB • ••••••• • ••• • PUBLICLY RBLEASABLE FSS h 9' -tJt- z 21 tJI ns-1snate • CIC-14 Date Jf lt -'jj U RF POlXf 232 RADIOAC' L'IVITY M1 ASUHF ti tF i'I'S AT THE lOO TON TRJJ L aalflllleat Oll efla1111111 11t UNOLASS ll' ED llf Per D lssolv i ng _ -·-·---· ALDR TID-14QQ-S2 Sept-Oct 19Z il l1Y REPORT r OHK DOXE BY - - -·-·---- IUtllorib' If the t1 S Atomic 1 n ITIY Oommfllloa 1 REPOR' l' liHU'f'TEH BY LISRm #tkJ40 tµ d • tl I H L Anderson v Cannon T j 1' l loagle no VERIFIED UNCLASSIFIED r I Ke hn S Katcof'f k-Jl 2f lfrJP- • Miskel w Sugarman _ f insber ' SaPPline _· -- -- C -J --- II- Ander son T Fermi n VERIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 7i 4'-IJ-79 ayiiJ f«llr f 4 ¥--1 -94 Nagle Per J Ta bin T 5 J Twombley G Vveil UNCll SSfftEO UNCLASSIFIED • •• •• ••• ••• •• e • •• • • e ••• • 1 ■ e• • • • • ••• •• • • • • ff ••• APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - • •• • • ••• • • • _ ••• • •• e • • UNCLUSlFIED e • •• • • ••• 2- • ••• e • e e -- - 3 A 3S'l'RA C T · d buted irwldo 100 tcma of' ILE About 3 30 gam i ri s iit du tfl I n-o thi w diirtd buted in the pilv nho 9G i c id s of fLwion b J- t 'l'h explosion crl iB' eo v n i tf lr _ _ 6 f o' i n 1 u --ed w tth that of o u l Hquot of the original solution a ad t V 'f ls foµnd chat tho frn c ion of x-ad i oa t ve materiu 1 de poait od in the ground wn a on found ci it·-actly fter the ahot i t o height of 1 foot abovo ·tho grow1d could bv - -- - · - ___ _ _ •- • r-- - - - ------ ----- •• •••• • •• •- ••• • ••• •• •• ••• • • • • •• ••• •• •• •• • ••• •• • • APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE UNCLASSiffED s- - - r UNCLASSIFIED APPROVED FOR • o• •• • • ••• • • • •• •• • PUBLIC RELEASE • -- •• • • - • • • •• • ••• •• • • •• t G 0 • • • • § ' UNCLASSIFIED RADIOA C'flVITY ME' P SUREMEIITS AT Tl IE l00°•TON TRIAL Dhrnolut l on of Hanford Slug - - - ---- · _ - - ----- - --•--· _ The Illnf'ord aJ ug which wo n obti- dns ld LB x 10 14 fii lBlorrn p ' ff charr e 1 45 OH April 12 reported to have und rgone about ll 18 B s cond i'or an af i'ecti vo tirno of 116 days prior to it _ diu rte d u trnlution 1mo succesaJ 'ully carried through by the che nin i ry team t 'ith tho piling of the H F e nd comploted April a-tl rted May JI 29 A A r econd dummy dioBo Aving wo 3 This included a trial pumping of the eo h1tion into tho auro n i'inoJ trc na t 'er and dinsolution of' the active nlug was started May 'l' lle The solution was pumped hYto the pile in tho late afternoon of' May 6 after the datonatora were in plac o A check of th6 iovel at 'I'he proc idure l7 -3 hours Ghowcd no leakage up to that time l'it 13 to Projoct TH circular 11 • oloaely that outlinod in tho April 19 i nemorandum ri11ddi tion A atninlcse Bteel dissolver waa used side n concrete pit ht n ving three foot thick waU a i nc h02 of lead This we a aet in- The pit was cov'9rod with seven The alug wac 111 dmitted into_the disnolvet' through a tTm inch curved tube into a bed of dry ico d uring the dissolution The same tube was u3ed as a le ad out for the gas evolving A 1000 foot lead pipe vma used to vont thane gei aea and ·che rate of diaeolution could be followed by observing the colorE ' i m2 ga1 1es discharging from th end of this pipe throuGh a telescope A condenser had to be inetalled in this line to prevent corrosion of the lead pipe by hot nitric v por• The coating on the dug -m s dissolv6d using dilute nitric acid and mercuric ion o s catalyst 1rnlf was dianolV 'ld wU h concentrated nitric acid _ After heatine coil wro pp1 d e round the -a j sqol-rer or the scli ttlon Wi F reduced by Th6 slug it- l'he reaction was controlL d by a is solution was CC mpleta the acidity the ·a i'ov 'aJ HtYon·or formic acid in order to minimize APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE • •• • • • • • • ••• • ••• • • • • •• • • •• UNCLAS ltltD ••• •• • UNCLASSIFtf£i Au F9· • •• • ••• a 0 • e • ° ·' i poni ible jnjury to the LI• in case of' t Jlc i k 'l'ho volvme of tho solution ln thr dLa uol VfJJr -wHu iwcerta ined by mcnnur ine the l l qu ld height by racarw of a bubbUn1 teohr i qus The liquid VJM1 IL 'f o by fin t p m1ped lnto the saran tubinp which wnn thnJa dod throue h tbi J stuck of tho tnbo rrn d thon applying prem ure behind tho Uqnid tlVG Cl at i ne 'i no r 11 n recoi vc d mor 0 than ·two daily dos on 'l'ho re dfo tion at the bairn of the toworc ai the plaee v1hor0 the primucord ccnncctione ere not over exposed llero -1 1 Dbou1 15 R hr but only 05 R h r made t10 that the i1Gn work i ng The wind bleiw away fcom tbe d lseolvor through moat t l' ' 1_·2 oi' th-31 DUt ffat i on and no considerable men mt of radioact l 1re as 1vru1 det octed ut t 1c · r ork £c1' Ja • mr 10 m1 samples of thP solution were withdra m before p1m1pin6 thn ic o1u t lon into the pile About 16 l itc s of the solution were puI 1ped into the pile a bout 2 liters wore left in the dissolver rom moosurementa on thecc sumpl s the 1 ct tvity o t the 1 mluticn in t rn pilo 16 li tt r13 on May 7 W B 330 gamma curies curi 01 1 and 1000 beta curies ' l 'he v hole solution conta i ned 3' 0 c i m' l - 'l'heato numbers are somewhat la r-ger than had been antici pated 300 gar ' la curies but somewhat le rn than was calculated from the radiat on ll og of the slug 500 gOJnma curies w Crater The force of the blast diuplaoed a considerable amount of earth and looeoned it sufficiently so that it w s not too difficult to sketch a profile of the cr ter aurl _ looaened en rth dcnm to the hard g r tllnf• Sll h f pi ofile is shown in Fig li this profil it can be APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE From APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE • • • •• • •• •• •• • • ••• • •• •• • •••• • •• • • •• • •• • • •• ••• • •• ••• •• • •• ••• ••• •• ••• • •• • •• •• •e • •• ••• ••• U#C IUnJ 5 ea bout 86oo cubic reat The total volume of displat ed or looae 'led earth was more than th lln 9500 cubio feat_ due to the lowered density of loosened earth dopth o f the ero ter was a bout th or te r edge VJas 36 fee-to 4 The JM rlm um foot and the diameter 1 1 crosa the hig heet extremity of' Thua while the bltu t gouged a hole of about feet only a Lout ho % of' thi s earth was displaced outside the crater 5600 cubic Taking L9 as the don£ity or compacted earth trJs- givea about 8 x 108 gre ine as the amount of earth thrown out of the crater 1'h force or the blast pulverized the earth so that it was easy to distin guish the regions so af£ected It was round by 6ieving that this pulverized earth carried moat of the radioactivity Smnples taken at 20 40 and 6o feet by driving a 1 11 ID pipe through the loose layer to the hard earth had about 16% of material which could pnsa a 200 meah sieve This fine me terial had a specific a cth·ity about 3 ·i imes a great as the c ross sam ple This in probably partly due to the gr r ater area which tho fine dust hRB f'or coll cting radioactive material and partly due to its form ntion near the surface whero it is more exposed to the radioactive nl t terial •hioh is thrust dov n upon it Only a small part of this fine dirt could have come from the crater £or the opec1fic activity of the fraction which passed a 200 mesh sieve decreaaed by a factor of 3 in going from 20 feet to 40 feet and by another factor of 2 in goixigto 6o feet - f If a U the fine dirt came from the crater the aotivi ty would have been uniform It was also interesting to study the vertical distribution or the activity of tho i'ine dirt Samples were taken from a series of layers at 20 f'eet eaot The 'tnblo below gives the f1-ac- 1on of' the 1rotal activity placed in the pile which wnc found per gram of dirt finer tr an •loo 4n•Gh • • • • •• • •• ••• ••• •• ••• • •• - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE • • • • • • •• • • • ••• ••• •• • • •• • • • • • 1#lJJ Uti o e - --- 6 SP CIJi'JC ACTIVI' 'Y - •--- --- - 1 OF DIRT FINER THAN 100 Llf SH ' 1 ' AKLN l' - 'l' 20 FEET Ea ST • •-••---•• •-• ---- -- -r Depth - - •-- -- ✓ __ ---•-'•• - - • · • - - • - - - - • - • ••- - - • • u ••- ---•• • - F'ntction of' Tot al Activity per gram on to 1 Jfl 011 to j n n 6 5 C 3n tc l _H i l to 6 fl J jJ to 12 l 2 X - c J 10· lO 10-10 1odO ao iO l J 10-10 • 2Li I 7 - Thoy show quite st · UdngJy that the hwrrp i i mples of high spe0ific t 'l Ctivity Lit the 1 1df' € of the crate is mostly dua to u cru 3hi ag of the ea cth in plirne by tb e blast and a genera1 but relr ti veJly BITL l-11 mo· em mt of the ettrth outward nd up 11Td The dirt i hrovm out by tho crD tfli - evlde ntly oontributee only to the topmost layer of this hWD p F't·action of Active liat irial on the Ground A racn tion r urvey around the era tor sho ed a f'a i r degr0 e of' symmetry in the distd bution of rad5 cactive matter AcGordincly snmples for estima ting ·t ht 1 fraction ch' radioactive material which clepost ted oa the ground nee ruy 'l 1re taken principally a ong two radii n direci 0d n rth the other west from the crater In order to in- clude all the a cti vity depoai tod samples vrnre rem r ved by driving s one inch JD pipe into the ground until hard eart 1 was rea ched the pipe nlcely wo grams The h rd earth served to cei p the end of The weight of thie sa mpie v as recorded and usun lly o mouhted to a bout This sample was thoroughly mixed and a flat pellet 1 8 in diameter was pressed from 19 grams of thie mixture Both the beta and the gamma activities of these pellets were observed using dural Geiger counters the gamrilf activity being observed i hrough 1 8'' o f lead -- Calib1·a tion of the co mting a rrani - ement was obtained by rem ov l ng an aliquot · f om the sample 4 • • • • ot the original sd'luUo m txillt tt -with some inactive dirt and pre•• •• e ■ ••• ■ e • ••• • •• • ■ C ■ ■ f APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE • • •• • • • •• • • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • •• • •• • • • ••• • ••• •• •• ••• •• • •• •• •• ••• - ••• • ••••• • •• • • •• • ••• • UIClASSfFU -1 parinp and measuriu g a 19-grrun pellet in the usual Ytay Thus 6 all activities were com •pared to a pellet which was known to contain 6 1 x 1o lO of the aolution in tho pile ' l 'hi s pellet gave 23 liOO beta counts per minute and 103 gamma couuta per minute in our geometry The fractiQn of the total activity deposited per cm2 at a diGtance r is given by - -Ip Fr - 12 XO ' 1 1o lO X 15 A where 11 is the ratio of th activities of the sample and standard pellets np the number or pellets which could be made from the sample a 1d A the area of' the ssm ple n this case 5 cl i2 The total fraction of active material depoaited in tho ground up to a di stance r is obtained by integrating Fr over the sur face of' the region in quen tiona Unfortunately the data scattered n groat deul and made an accurate deter' ' mination impossible In Fig 1B is a plot of the average valuen or Fr as obtained i 'rom the beta counts as a function o f the distance in f'eet from the center of the crater This data was fitted by two straight linee from Oto 150 feet Fr 506 x 10- 10 1 r 170 rt from 150 to 400 t'eet Fr 1 0 x 10-10 l O r 400 ft From these data the fraction deposited was obtained to be up to 150 feet 2 6% up to 400 feet •••••••••••••••• • • • •• ••• - • • •- UNCLL S fO The ·nroba ble error o f -these•r esu1i•s iti e i - o u t - • • •• • ••• - •• • APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE • • • • ••• • ••• •• • • • • • • • •• •• • • • • • • ••• ••• ••• ••• • • • •• • •• • • •• • • • •• • • ••• •• • • ••• 8- ra tionation among the Fission Products Chemietry in now under v ay to make a dete iled atudy of possible fractionation 0f'fects en the various fission products lio vever comparison of' the beta and gamma uctivities of the samples giveu information on thiB point The gamma activity is due chie fly ·to the Bo La chain and the Zr-Cb chain These c mtributo about 80% of the gamma activ'i ty but only 25% of the beta activity 'l'ha othor important contributions to the beta activity being Sr Y and Ce 63% Since the r tio or beta to gam 118 activities in the samples s always the oeme as in the at andard pellet i t is demonstrnted that probably no fraction9 tion takea place at la et uong these elements in question for this 100 ton shot In ouch a crude demonstration ·i he possibility of' compcnsatii1g ei'fects ia not excluded Hndiation Survey A radiation survey was made ·with a Lauritaen Landsverk electrc acopc e nd checked with n Victoreen R meter The results are plotted in Fig lC The equation -r hich f i ts the data iB up to 150 feet liumber or mR hr l2a6 l- r 170 ft Beyond 150 feet the radiation was below the senaitiv lty 1 mR h1 in both the north and south directions or the inntrument In the west direction the radiation at 150 feet was mR Hr and gradually fell to leH -than 1 at 400 feet It is noteworthy that the Oll rboniferous deposit lrhich appeared on the ground 140 after tne explosion extended out to feet Rvidently very little material is dew p oaited by the explosion beyond this distance -· 'l 'he data obtained from - h i i adi o tl n µur rc v can be interpreted to give the • • •• •• • ·•• •• ••••• • • raotion or activity deposited over tne grounu once a orrection for the absorption by •• ••• • ••• I • • • •• • e - - - - • • APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE _-·-- -··- -· APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE • • • • • •• • • •• • • ••• •••• ••• • ••• •• •• ••• • • • ••• • • •• •• •••••• • •••• ••• • •••• • ••• ••• • • • • •• •• • •• •• ••• ••• •• • • • • - · - · 9- - @ a t ' ith the same instrt W1ent tho ground is taken into account - ----· e tJ vas used in the radia tion survey U w s found that thC J radiation from a 10 ml e mpla of the solution in the pile of H E 16 liters was 110 mR br ut 1 metor 'l'hie is to be compared v1ith the radiation observed l foot above the ground which has a thl cknaas absorption coeffioi 1 t K and whose source etr011gth per cm 3 is d A of dirt having an From such a dis- tri bu·t ed sourc6 the flux of radiation is rl V - G cKd lf1 l e-Kdt dµ 0 while from the eam ple of solution ths flux ia Ae VS - F'or th clistr i-buted source d 41i' r2 was taken to be about 5 flil B cm2 and Kd - 50 Thus up to 1 hon tho integration over the surface was arried out we found i'or t he frac tion o f active m1 terial deposited up to 150 f'eet i t reasonable agreement vdth the result obtained by oampling • ••• •• •• • • •• • •• UN CL SSlfB •- • •••• • • •••• •• •• • • • •• •••• ••••• ••• • ••• • • ••• • ••• •• • ••• R • • • • - • - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ------- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE •• • •ii • •• • •• •• • • • •• •• • ••• • • • • • • • ••• • • •• • •• ••• ••• • •• • • •• •••••• ••••• •••• ••••• •• •••• •• •• ••• · - ' ' · •• ••• • ••• •• ••• ••• •••• • ••• ••• • •••• • • • ••• • • • • ' • 0 • ••• • ••• •• •• ••• •••• •• • • • • •• • ••• APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR •• • • • • •• • • • •• • • ••• •••• ••• • ••• • • • ••• • •• •• • ••• ••• ••• ••• •••• ••• •••• •• • ••• •••• ••• • •• •••• ••••• • •••• ••• •• •• ••• •• ••• •• •• • ••• •• • • • ••• • •• • •• •••• ••• • ••• ••• ••• • ••• •••• •••• • APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE •••• • ••• ••• •• •• •••• • ••• ••• •• ••• • •• •• • ••• • •• • • •• •• •• •• PUBLIC RELEASE •• •• APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE