APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE @6NOT DISCARD - - N- Y’ – See Memo ADLA 81 142 dtd 4-30-81 from R H Miller JB” $ JAF 5-6-81 # — F -6 %-- - M - --- 4 y 49 Ul -- -’-’--‘--“- - UNCLARIFIED Submitted m Q 2 E i by Stafford Dirsctor L’ warren em 9 Repor Report M D eea ● O e _ __” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Z fi 7 2VLW’%I 2 J ‘— g - VERIFIED 2-SD _ — — ‘- ---- Submitted lssus’d” g ctob r z Novsmber 17 1949 9 9 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Co fly U S P tom D shields ‘ arrenl irector$ Pr John Z F30w’ers Deputy Dr Paul R Fearson Director 4 Acting Chief James McCcrmack Jr atomic Us Ir Carroll Tyler L Los Xcrris E Eradbury pr ’right H Langham Dr l erry p- T L r klalph 0 C ranklin 1 4 Medicine and eB 2chioY LOS Alamo$ Fe Los Leader Y w 3 ‘f 4-6 M xico Operations A1 mos Medical ivision 2 App icatiuns Los 41aIros LabGratGry I ivision sion 1 Office NZW 7-8 k exico Scientific Researcli Laboratory Alamcs o a Cratory E-l Scientific os Alamos k 290r Lory Scientific %ith 13 of fcI an U S i r of Laboratory l irector Health iJniv rsity Dr iv”sion D 10 Ogy Santa Director ea th and Commission Scientific ‘Jhipple hipman Energy Medicine i itary i lvlslon Director Manager AlamGs r of firid Gen ll vision B ol ogy Warhcit Intarnai t t mic Chicago I irectort Energy COII I 3ief L ibrzry Inlorr ztlcn ranch T ch icsl Flvlsl n CME Distribution Library ‘lirectarls Office ● 9 ● ● 9 9 ● ● - 0 - 0 - 9- ● ● O ● ● ● ● 8 ●“ ● ● ● ● ● ● m ● A L7- c ‘-” %% 3 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE y L ‘ C 1 z — - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE “ % 8 - ● 1 mm ● ● ● ● ● se ● ● ● $ ● ● ● ● 0 ● ● ’ ● ● ● ● ● S9 ● 4 The have •rea been aining surveyed tivities outside and 1948 thi area is From the the survey it the digestive been found tween 519 ----- vilian and biological been fall-out of the found in wind and sand indicate two found of that most to soil a part all of have Of the a ac- Soil the the profiles Portion with in rem- a tran- miles inches particularly were A study Area UPPer water 100 the The along first For the Detonation aspects outlined the miles coarse Crater for Crater Bomb Trini- greatest collected in activity in neutron-induced radiological was assays found that No samp es of of 402 activity small when substantial significant samples of from tissues present indication differences tissues animals in 8 cows was of in the be Chupadera Los with accumulation could the during associated tissue activities from purchased collected found i esa be- and Area Angeles has 64 from ci- sources exceeded plants dera the Atomic has by Fenced from No Within L the First the are spread tract comparable f Crater the radiological thirty-two first deposits outside 1947 to the being t’ater Region both by of the is affected northeast of activity activity “ from out survey ty Mexico due extending detailed The h’ew radioactivity sect in A$STRACT the the with level where ncl scme nificant taminzted of of the areas maximum S Region of compared of in activity to the of be Lhose from include outside the of found in the crop uncontaminated s 8 ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ☛☛ ● ● the regions ash direction Cou d in Other activity the activity ash dis sec gm uptake beyond in when Trinity dis sec gm above localities differences the 5 0 activities Sesa found fence ● 9 w ● O ● APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE plants showing the Chupa- Crater drift p ants areas was Xo from sigcon-’- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE THE 19u8 AREAS RADIOLOGICAL IN NEW FIRST AND lOLOGICAL MEXICO ATOMIC 1 AFFECTED BOMB SUR Ey BY OETOHATION INTRODUCTION -f ● ☛ ✌✎ ● ✎ ✎☛ ✎✍ - ● ✌✎✎ ● ✎☛✎ ☛ “ ● ✚ ● ● ● ● ● ✘ ☛ “ 9’ ” - #’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE THE ‘F APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE f INTRODUCTION J - 1 1 Trlnity Immediately made a wind frum col - I New c atr The ingly in project at atic 1 2 This To vertical the probability factors are ingestion what Do increasing In addition kept in mind the degree important in enter UP as food biological The training 2 The co ection 3 Rer oFulation 4 Indivi ua systemr ‘A amogordo now or radioactivity specific and a exist grade more radioactive problems fall-out areas con- materials distribution in picking this low Energy this man both the up horizontal and soil radioactive materials and process a metabolic directly thus cycle frcm further the whereby sc il or radioactive ma- indirectly concentrating the through activity and princil’al of tasks certain usefu to c ther uhjectives have been pers nnel of data li itary L efense and organiza ticns level 1 4 other beta-f amma The in hazard to”c’ur 1 plants Accord- conduct of to Crater activity effects__----’ Atomic to hazards the the of into either plants are other fixation Angeles into re- possible the objective down affecting are animals the 1 3 are Los conditions irradiation widespread broken and extent picked C and of as low-grade that result products as are 4● a is extent factors well To 3 tcrinls estimate fission as initial objective What 2 at war radioactivity well authorized California principal as to Commission The what by of future years of radiochemi- uncertainties amounts as of under Many and the at 4 am0s GrOuP region down- quantity time exposed area the that Bomb Los in assignments successive Energy Atomic the considerable other at constantly Atomic vver-all taminate what to in 1 the was arise in First following distribution area the radioactivity a study University of s ctlonn may the the study the for of precise of months accumulated pressures animals 1947 the checks systematic in end plants and the present detonation during spot extreme re gcrding Sei - zero a more meined of number point the and Mexico large prcvcntcd on following Frc gram the of and the devastated popu atiorl part res onse of to the ‘1’rinity cc ntinugus Region exposure to irradiation was laboratory carried as cut by two grcups one in foJlo s ● ☛ ● ✚✚ ● ● ● ☛✎ ● ☛☛✎ ☛ 4 ● em APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE the field and the OW i’ ’ ’ ’ 4 O - ‘ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC s RELEASE ● “ ● ● $ ● 0 00 ICc 3 Kermit H David B 5 W F I unn 6 argaret 7 Frances 3 D S 4 W Radiological Radiochemical I aboratory Technician Technician H Field Larsun B Punn Supervisor Lint Consultant Warren Bixby cItanY Metabolic History 13irect %tany Consultant Electronics Consultant Surveyor R B Cowles Consultant Herpetology K S Norris Consultant Herpetology 3 R G Zwiefel Consultant Herpetology 2 1 A J Van 2 W R Dawson Rossem Consultant Consultant Ornithology Mamrnalogy 3 1 Kermit 2 J d W F from and this H Larson Blume Dunn obtained ----- Senior Laboratory 1 data of Lewis 2 3 1948 Technician t firoup The History Party David H L Group 1 5 crmit 2 Group c ●O 0 ● ● C ●● section Botany Laboratory Koerner Tr r4s2ct sections R ● Soils Assistant Senior Analysis ● ● m ● Metabolic Assistant Ilunn tq fkzor o Associate Larson ersonnel 1 chj f’i Leitch 4 FI ld Bcl lq ysl R’ L ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 8 ● ● CJ ● James O ● rr Albert ● ci -o ● ● ● 6ea e ● 1 2 ● both the Biological re ort as Field Ilirectqr Consultant Soils Soils laboratory Survey and will be field reported aspects in of the subsequent follows -9 Radiological 3 Fliologica l Survey - AnimaIs Biological Survey - Plants 5 Gansral Survey ‘ I 6 - $ 1 -laragrcphs maj or section to figures and plates shc uld be 3 filed are noted in Discussion this report facilitate are that inside t e are summary numbered cross-referencing nuinbcred the and two Lack In ccrtsecutively principa consecutively fc r maps of the addition the whcle re ort ccver b 6b @i 9 Sbe ● ● ● ● m s ● ● 0 ● ● e ● ● A#l s%l 00 c ● 3 L b 8 ● ’ ● ● 9 ●o “ m ● 9 # ● ● - FOR PUBLIC I ’”” ’ ’ RELEASE ’ ’ ‘ ● ● APPROVED u“ Ssa within all each tables report Figures It and APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 6 ● ☛☛ ● s ● ● ● ✘☛☛ ☛☛ ☛ ●● 0 ● S s ● ● ☛ ● ● ☛ 9 ● ● ☛☛ ✎ “ w -4 THE 19L’s PA CIOLO l AFEAS IN NEW FIRST 2 CAL ANI 910 LO SIC L MEXICO ATOMIC LFFFCTED nY SUPVEY OF THE OiJ PETO ’ATION FA lCLOGICfIL SUI YEY ’ “ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ----- ——--- ‘--”- -n L j’i w Ji jjj l- - ‘ ‘_J 1 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 2 1 The Area in primary Sew tamination to First is the ‘f’rinity to the to existing and the description Area the and the and area Grey Hills con- fall-out to during tke this of five Region the Oscuro considera- field the into PeGion of dyt subsequent divided Plains Trinity area Prior obtained is the radioactivity characteristics Rolling three remaining 1945 of remaining materials results physical and of 16 active this Red following levels other Survey approximate July and review hlesa the Detonation in Chupadcra ” 194% l a i o$ gical define observations well venience to determine products of ‘th oi waa Atomic fission tion it Yexico and the of purpose survey For con the VIZ t areas regior s the Mountains$ Reference should he made maps Figure 1 Outling Map Figure 2 G neraI f connaissance Figure 3 D tai led of Contaminated Lateral Map Area 1 Radiological Survey ap lovography 2 2 v tion of of 4800 and erosion made fore The the north This the site of feet in the age ditches There ate are wide in the as area to subdivided area on and its an three some 600 any extrapolaThere- entity base into water fate extending the by accelerated- influence as that site by ele- elevation surrounded formed consideration depressed Area 4 fourteen-sided around Unfsnced the fi e of the arez s feet miles as in to Oscuro Moun- follows di meter at in were three approximately 2SO0 Ckater this the to Area polygon Ar a around flows Fenced given a minimum valleys direct a maximum detonation system the a with of contamination further e evation oscurok and arroyos have detonation The Fsnc d The erzge drainage feet the diameter 3 ‘The is mountains plains basins deep defined the Crater T e 2 is of region The be from rolling small radioactive should east to many features Region and 1 many the region ranges feet with various Trinity tains are hills regarding each 2 3 8GO0 There eroded These tion topography approximately feet ridges of The the Fencecl west Because constructed large region of the above mentioned rea and of this prevent Fenced playa approximately has its finally to arroyos north is heginni g terminates feature the excessive more than Area in Yany OO Q feet ten the feet Trinity smalIer at in present APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE bzse drzin- of and of west diverti Region channels the a playa flool ing deep The t$e Crater c ften twe $ty which termin- lead into these APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE r b 80 LLIXG PLAINS REGIOH ’ ” “ “ 22 - 8ackgrou nd ’ ” “ ’ i ’ f” rvsy ’ “ - ’ “ ” ’ - ” f “ Io “ ”’ - 7 ’ 15_ ‘-% __-l -- ‘A To Carrlzozo % - 8 1 13 -7 #’ l-r “ ” ’ ‘ ’ ” -- 16 % i Sen” Anton to - Trafissct Prlcary “ 23 ------ 1’ - C cl --- 3 ● 6 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● —- —b ’ ‘a’” M - — - -’--’ ” ’ J” ’ ’- “--’ 1 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - “ $Aiilii i ‘ “ j c 551 t ● W ● O ● ● ● ● ‘$ principal the general ● 2 4 The of 10’w The general Red and hills Lion is slope Gr y six to is Hills beginning approximately t e 5 5 in ------ the approxi mately””6300 or the Region about miles O ● west Figure miles north northerly” teq r$ l p is the in this direction defined of of occur southwest 4 9 # elevations and i ● 8 facto”q ofi w o i po tan - u l- ps terrain region ● uti%g to a ali’ ontlri% arroyob ● as that Crater extending The direction series maximum eleva- feet Figurs The 2 The vation northern of northern the forzed curos nd t is drainage and formerly t is marily 2 6 flowing The the east is across terminating west F ’anso mberg of deep the the Ranch feet wide red in composition the in a network tke the “fIA s ’ zzny color to principal The and fGrmation arroyos nc rth vegetation the 13s- principal of the Grey is is over ten i sa is defined as that abr pt elevated APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE feet depcsits ccmpbsed grasses Chup dera esa endqluarters Iluvial The Tf-I e as Cfiupac cra the anch le- has of the channel places survey with the Burslum present this tip of west a aximum of northern influence to The with in sa me f forced Rang included side of finally southaast also system ecause cutting are is of thg ountain feet t ie ncrth twenty-five oscuro draiflaze on system from Hills is principal region of the oscuros beginning the znd of r y 7800 the channel Hills in of drainage deep half -li ls kze and approximately tip Red Red tl limestone pri- RELEASE APPROVED - - FOR PUBLIC $“ ●☛ ● ☛☛ ✎✌☛ ☛☛☛✎ ● meximcm are of very pine steep ’ are on the is mesa-like is beans and 2 8 Soils of the area well ‘hich most are of several and cultivation - However of there West oats the crops There vegetation on juniper and areas small Cedarvale beyond Crater part areas pinyon ‘Xtends the mesa princi al The defined There and the of the the juniper throughout millet of Surv y d factors should will affect pointed out necessarily one or all is it soil that apply of soil plutonium that be not any the Ar a Since including the It where Region for North within is northeast are corn by ● ✎☛ of Cul- are some culti- north and east being oats mil- corn of survey miles grasses region contaminants exist lain$ soiJ hills This formations there this the certain gions sparse another let this very principally Claunch now mesa-like on in crops remaining IO of the meadows Rolling the of characterized grassy formations crops view is depending vated open approximately plains tivated - for is locality mesa outcrops mesquite of the the and some the of Beyond Vaughn and Many feet vegetation hills range 2 7 7000 The covered grazing approximately ✎✌☛ the reservoir will be helpful characteristics any in the as conclusions soil-forming form factors to the to re- they drawn unmodified of from other differ re- from this area 2 9 ly Soil is the pendent the by each and Tariops character and relief of of factcrs will exception be “SOIL AMD DC fillTUCMT and gi% en The of considered which and OF time t in has which YEi BoeK ASRICULTURC rsinfalI rainf ll briefly iloes or of effects the vegetation been not require ACRICULTURC w8 sy2 4 T m in 1I already interde- influznd of time rainfall is turn These of relief rainfal the subseque t minerals Agriculture the of and par nt inter-reactions of effects modifies and of the chara ter character temperatllre Yearbook are name- the and factors regarrling the on rocks These the ‘The particu firly MEN In factors mattsr weathered time naterial area organic wholly runoff parent soil-forming and or is and tc o rzphy 2 7 climate factors the these general other summary by of through the a given deterinined five t pogrzphy the drzinage of effects partly soil-forining The 2 2 and this through ences part of modifying ien” of actions fragmented influenced “Soil end-product combined mat rial as an modifies in the soil-forming paragraphs with the paragraphs discussed amplification 938 ● 949 Us Opt APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ——__— ——— s t hree i ountains and 3 the 2 1 The and may complex Oscuro part Map older be considered is overlain the mentary recks are ant to er rocks pebbles this sea the ing pnd erosion fcrzeci consisting eastern slope ‘P e i northern to feet il ‘Grry T - e lece Its to ME RIo R I v TMC T7cE R1O PA”TIV CGUVITTIC over EC is were The complex and have sedi- been resist- rocks the more smallrecent stream of these beds and 1 500 is onc approxlmate y of Red the is red Hills C upadera composed of the surveyed 2 complex called sandy the NVC$71GA710 l is T lt M PLANNI GVOL L’pper De- were Chupadera shale There and are north- referred five mi es west e re flanked an complex of to the both consisting in character from a part less of RIo IJ Pc# 201 I P the uplift- sides formation a mesa the the location armvaries e shale rocks northern other vsrying s ndstones feet JOINT the to Psrmian on to age pre-Cam- and due the and while These WASHINGTON the sandstone the Cambrian age Paleozoic limestone deposits Upper and early overlying mostly P srmian Mcuntains in 1936 this saA 4oI I ATIoNSL of lime- from place than 5b@ formation BISIIS Rtscuaccs D c IN WS511GA71GNI PLAMN1N6 qCC10N4L of shale l all the down laid surveyed are J01 4r G ANOC This metamorphic in in during the red area and GICKbL included sea sandstone orm ticn JRL OC this Clscuros grcy s uch were the Abo tliickness perhcps c Ml Zi and the during which C lupac era age resistant rocks granite granodiorite rocks these cider and igneous and these are the during report Hills ” Lateral Group These granite Basin crystalline of the location and quartzite and place C scuro the Detailed the of duerto Magdelena are From outcrops the this Gf gypsum 9 --- in peak the the schists of rocks Sand$ttine in of Hills’t stone the localities del exact with history in took bo the chiefly from are’the of T le such area Finally periods The O area deposits that Jornado See grouping find Palezoic hlountains vofiian 2 13 the The this formed to s n i ting ● W ● northern part sandstone highlands been ● ● for limestone rocks formed the early complex of geological possible of invaded C scuro by ● cover called outcrop have is sea forrati n - it formations igneous masses of schist gneiss F complex of the pre-Cambrian thicknesses have deposits The as by and A brian large and al uvi l the the are in subsequent Today 2 12 with erosion rocks two ● I esa inside crystalline rock of Chupadera area included of tip 3 composed face the the this by intruded of Figure a are origin northeastern of age west Throughout In rocks Mcuntains being the Survey Pennsylvanian the 2 southern Radiological - s si de n scuro ’ 0 c ”qsl@e ed 2 10 ● ● ‘jpc @’ F D V S 9 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 9 I ffAsMl scTom lMC N VOL 202 P UPPER 1938 Rlo G9AwCC NATIoNAL Bk%ltl REsOURCCS O c l- 1“ ‘ w ●✎ ● 0 0 ● e ● ● ● ● 90Z ● m ● ● ● ● ● ● ● 9 ● ● ● ● ● ● om ● ● a ●O● ● ● ● m ● ● Ul o $ Tfpq ● 9 L Jd APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE —- x — — ●- - -km — — --—_ — — j - Y% w’ K %q% r - % - t - y’ AA - —--%” - ‘“z - ””” ’ “ ‘ --’ -- ‘ ’ ’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● ” ● 6 i% i J cL 4J ● ● M ’ ‘ c 4’ ● ● ● T le northern tip th recedins sea the result ue rto of thi o” a l a’ which ‘inv ed tk and Grey the asin Ilills is of studied in xixing of z 15 rirl the The inches In as of Monument Experimental Table west Dange Of re the Sed of is this commonly considerable from year to rains are and pcint and snd the climatic ‘1 for The present soil of place estimated 6 to 10 in the approxi- Gran Quivira and are sh rt given I arcial area ‘ data place F ct- being data San to as midsumr er winters C l unch selecteo area in classified the fall-out the degrees torrential with Blngh2m Socorro snow the varied an Van “ within alluvial from are Trinity all the is from hot the recks climate year or long this of the which all and weathered Region of differences from In been sec irientary are and naterial hzs “C1imate which what considerable derived of miles periods characteristics bei g summers Agriculture and Eccause approaching zre winter Illustrative thirty tional gentle Mountains recent are parent Tri lity varies The sunny Yearboc k and the r infall mostly mately there Oscuro saline there or area if yh b asin ● C 8 e characteristics pr se geologic the that basic ignc6us thunderstorms znd the area Climate of evident fall-out the c nd part resume cf the and flats ” becomes it the Pleistocene calcareous I rief composition SO1l S highly from deposits the alkali this surveyed the now or From and during “salt c211t i 2 14 erosion Its %cc a of Pasiu’’ia the Nc Jornada presented in I r atest pr5- LcIy rcci pi- cipitation --- --- -------- g uo 2 CL VOL U TALC Lt WASMING7SN lCAL NO DAT 13 1947 ---- 92° 70 70 3° 91° U S 1947 DE nlu Enr l on ug ---- 1 51” C 37” 00 u 7 n c9uucnc1 D c APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ——— — -— -—— ———-- 1 3fl 10 73” A ug 2 01” 1 26n Sr c1 s s CXICB OF in MO hrs or 3 s3” ‘6° us NC 2$ 13” ---- 57 10 SL’UUSRY tation t A TM cm au 9 E fiu APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Station Date Jorn2da lug u7 Exp”fl San Me an Temp Elevation CZC5 UO Martial yea Grsatast prc Prec ipi - ci itat ion in tat ion ZU hrs or mot L 60° 2 69” Iou” 3° 7 C6” --- ---- 77 9” 1020 58 7° 79 2 --- 53 10 l 3° ufjja 77 5” 0 Icc” go of August l ean’47 ua l s 2anq H @ t e 0 72” kug --- --- 1 61” Ju 9 8 31” 570 2 67” 0 99’ Ilgo 0 84’ 0 2 ’ l i an Aug fu7 socorro Auam u8 Puring 2 i6 the 1 48 the periods in filled the ke during carried runoff che ges are occurring the of “flash both l$ the large sand clay l omb explosion and and of this partic es red of the three across the rains 194 did and clay area due Znd sand wzter fission which all obser- This means erosion and deposited roducts of Crater In di merlsions of months occur 194S to sinilar fall-cut subsequent obser ed of amounts in and owever surveys ccntinua y 1947 wcs flood” Report arroyos the survey one Pre iKinarY vations deposition of only sur ey oted 7E 5 and reby plutoni- um 2 17 Temperature” 2v2i12h e of vaporation ation in fbr th at th Jornada has a direct and leaching 2xc593s Jorcada d l bearing percolation precipitation Experimental ’ucrto asin the in soils amount In In Tlble Rznge far in $fcath r sxc eds the T l II Tct rscicitation Ev2porztion and ZGr crith for lornzda Exccrir ntal 11 of rainfall this it is Station which area the sssn that south of is factor evapor- Trinity rainfall San Temp ratur Pange - I u7 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE —— ______ _____ ———— _____ - - — —— —— APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE tion of of downward radioactivity t-scent may as be larly in if dration processes this area 2 19 Y ind fine particles scant ing in dunes a short distance collected The radioactivity one fro % per cent caying soil as observed a guard this of is end usually matter reveals and t $rjt area the greatest fence source color of contributes is cr thus have hold- wind holding from up bErren such dust ercsion large the Crater west of the crater fence found in any sample of 1948 A primary pick dense mesquite slower climates are of contain tl-lere that normal are Yinds evidence soils dry hy- the humid more feet very hydrolysis is of in this desert ’ ind-bJou n 100 the scanty more are chemical Thus srezs is about desert modifies the the the content mnterials in from There is dust rate vegetation i3ingham o itside organic xa ination where shack Soxe in them in of be in thus fission to factor place west h att r vegetation vc etation in and expected areas soil collected Organic slow transport nearby of size at important and of Area was prccess soil of while prcminent th particu- lime processes most during soils material parent regions very the the humid be of ic common salts near the surfnce Sa e cu tion vzrriEtions of a found surface The other cf might an the solu l profile examined warm prcceed to Trinity particle the soil particles the is is of on place weathering erosion vegetation the in they proTiles of soii are hetercgenity rapid chemical than the and carbonization of of the accumulation concretions taken with very of locations has dehydration and a tyPica carbonization are area hot in erosion Hydrolysis weathering regions region several associated part no lime lower in no lowsr addition the ther fore and the In observed so 2 18 in psriod as well in leaching See only of org anlc practically soils or nic or ZI GO frzctiGn matter all little little purctgraph a small such of Is de- Pesert rr att er F C evidence 1 of due to the 3ny or- pbrt 3 tion znd through water i ch erosion pberroxena 2 tlieori innl as 1 rtidistribution dcl csitioo of fissicn APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE activity products to and vind APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ $ ● - ✌✎ 8 8 ● an their and Qr tion relationships ● ●☛ S ✚ b t $ O ● SO rO # enqe diffusicn ● ☛☛ ● subsequcnt i ☛☛ ● ● 9 C ● of E FERINf AL 2 22 3urvey nstrum nts sance Survey and the find P OCEDURR5 fn procedures Detailed ateral the bcth General Survey al measurements 263A Al readings l econnaiswere inade - Victor en Survey Meter G M tube in cpcratcrls the soil surf ce ‘i’he iastrumcnts with the che held the Model were approxim tely henc one taken inch with above - vey as well %urce In The the field hclders These and ation instruments at The is survey the the were Buttons at beta in for mede meter m on the milliroentgens ------- the - as hcur - — ----—-— on staikdard end of _____ mr hr Figure the mg 5 sur- D adium oper tors tube checks ranges mezsuzed APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ——________ for three End per 1 09 sensitivity begifining gamma stcrting inc octrinetion mounted of in a St mclard instrument each and illustrated before using also Marker as o lerators survey operstor radi tion expressed radiation was 13cor zach checks totzl of calibration a ium of by end grcvided the sources calibrated the initial sensitivity on other were as Navy were x20 O or each by the xo X2 O c ayts op- several APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE r 9 ● ● S ● e ● - — ” b 4 5’ “i - - j B 5 Figure B- 2 23 SUr V Y mined as not in with Soil Background lateral tions in Sol point Sr me the t imation reading instrument assure the reading operator was to primari y the the deter- was the that with Y xico Kew nd backgrou taken were in due a The readings and at of the sensitivity and in judginent the background reading practical each to Ange csj background most necessary background Los obtaining tube p robe shield approximately incre se was twice in cosmic ra- elevation instrument the Measurement lackground instrument cbserved 2 24 of tuft Background The diation A side view on a grass as contaminated that of lnstrumsnt frequently clc ed Technique of a re ding to which wh fc r the instrunents$ dial hetwcen taken ch this to be twice the was arbitrarily the radic logical selection ’ere the in the ternina e rcasc s he differences was selectd differences re adij gs in due as survey ol tai ing instr ments observed of variaoperators a background to the zffect of tem- perat-ure isns al 2 25 the estimated lo’ ed by eral nrea of a detailed survey surveyg Ilighways t O Group 85 and fs SUrv y cc nt minotic n reconnaissance general ing R5C0flnai anC a of the groups of one 6 I with covered fnore pproach significant individuals the area ea y to reconn issance general two - yes ln s ‘ wj - ’ a practical north was and were east of ‘ ” 1 gen- ustWO 2 tlLi - 31 3 f l- the Socorro ‘ Gqollp 1 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - the assigned i r-n’ ’ti r’ nin ls ‘ 1 2 itl$ made For regions each surveying ri qF ED “’ - yqq ’ ’’ ’’ tiw iu ’ J - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ ” - - ”’ ’- ’ -” -A C 8 S covered the Vaughn and ticulorly back in general survey inside back were 3q0 to the Thi$ east tending recorded north started at the the were points were Reference Line laterals three rezdings at least every o at least three of at e ery north to mile par- on ap this Figure were 12 the of the mile the 2 9000 extended beta and arrcyos estimated a vailabJe 90” right and a d gc 7 a rcdiation l%ese pcssible junipers end cases In trails on w’ater normal soil washouts were cases of of the back Laterals escarpment ———___ _ Point feet refer- Transect a minimum bei lg were depc sitsj It silt rctutize were on depos- be pointed reading on nd right takerl tzken should a 9 12 the Point ith necessary ----APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘T left prevented Eurro Primary readiags sand detours the this Cibola Fursum 4930 From ex- the Little the zvery From’ fence the points feet coarse these At Bixby into and fa -out established crater were Crater eleven every following In mile USed the wzs Pcint Crater first whenever some of the total under that 0 2 north the Trianglzlation the $illiam Vr within points south were 1 of Line engineer Marlier Peak mi es geference ci il miles marked thirty-two Transect Oscuro rnr hr tufts distances right Reconn issance first icen ed for tnzrke’ reference however Genera triangulation miles of a North ten 9 5 points out F z h The Section other cPFrozimGtely grass the Survey by approximately its on A Primary if Forest Point e a16n ll iw ty 38 a le$ %tje ery wet ”ta e t All readings obtained areas contaminated detail through Xational ence more Latsrai in line gdOxl rii adinlgs C cover surved 56’ SocWrf13’ i3ingh are Cetai led 2 26 from area 10 used the rigkt thereby line and APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 2 Lead 3 Tube 4 FUC Shield i’ictoreen hat ’logue h odel No ’G-10 AI-14$$ 2 2-3 g cm of 51 5 dis sec with with a decay rate ‘tandard ‘ 3°8 Since severs Counting procedure cneral 4 2 29 assayed in for the radioactivity project whichever occurred employed Such laboratory as times ing the with by are by counting urmium oxide used the reported beta assay disintegrations per olld per were on determined be corrected 2 30 Countifig Procedures known that soil the mineral nutrition of exchange base which be exist other cations This is and any fission originally 2 31 two is to ‘J ith other s sGciatcd plants clay products in fractionated with —— in were report At determined a dish reported in us- identical terms of Self-absorption so soils the mind that data activity reactions znd was are ncces sary p rtic cs the data of It is an fission the zicrons rather clzy phenomenon nzy its by reactions crystalline conceivnbJe het’ i’eeri could for that being that the tcke a r ethcd indicated e solution exchange excllcnge than of Substitutions therefore develop we Cations soil calIed the is OX-I the anions clay products to it source part soil the are soluble the 250-15 J in as with on chemistry a principal serving bonds clay soils is properties or soil based spots” these xere indivic ual is associated valence it dimension fact ‘exchange and In APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE — - counts analyzed this xas prepared are of pnrticles phase u bclznced t is clay characteristic on Of be screened 1000 being systems results SamPlas This the common fixed materials dis sec g Soil of water the for to procedure paragrphs was were screening counting AJ1 gram for se-called are due structure if to the oc had zero- m ss with the of samples particle of in attracted t this which representative could the stanc ard sampIe of samples samPles seconds subsequent of for all SOO for in thousand possible importance geometry effective as Codifications determined the those rapidly first modifications all as window piece ctel- niilir g some uniformly ic s activity istri- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE The ed maximum using the percentage th soil ‘neref fraction crater fence from were made on alJ re the ● s” typl aL l ld firQpj a assays particle of ● i qo as samples obtain- collected fraction size also of outside 250 zicrc s znd less 2 32 The surfzcc following znd 1 is profile The fractionated t ta fraction and or seconds whichever 500 2 33 The follcwing collected 1 parts for prepzr tion Fenced was greater tliCiXl 2 smaller the 150 S $o znd assaying of r rea dried at than and lIC S C less for 16 hcurs anfl than 250 microns from the less %y sam ’led curring approximate been t e weighed activity out determined fGr than 1000 250- c unts first ade in the abCYC i roced’ re for sam- Area sample and less fraction ted was 150-250 into rnicrclrrs four p rti- microns 250-840 and samples were prelared frcm each of the three ra ges of extent it Soil cf beca e radi actisity h ing gamma rere microns l @OO-gram DQt9rmination the occurred were Amicr ns Three accurately and dried-field particle-size 2 34 beta Fenced entire ranges greater the samples vdificzticns in The cle-size work the sample T Jree l 000-gram rnicron soils outside field two used screening 2 ples procedure samples into suitable the i i done value Packqround Activity re liGcont l tination due necessary of Since soils befure natural to the bomb In to determine there is available it APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE the is determine in amount nc of to fall-cut the det onetion ra ioactivity order of the area Trinicv naturally-ccrecord only more possible This of this to Y as dune APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 2 36 Extent sance and area of mil s of activities on a grid corded ion of the scale Map fi d activity In Figure 1 as inch inside readings 2 roils filed inside sents the remaining been as the General back cover activities in with as less the The 0 1 than It in is the Table on 111 This Ma of the basis grouping ’etailed 845 in 0 5 this initial color Radiologi- square obtained scele that the area were The thirty-two divided see rr hr emphasized path first redaining Reconnaissance miles appropriate 31 Reconnais- the square the Table Figure cover by 1130 includes gi en 1 mile of as arbitrarily contours baci surveyed estiraated which areas summarized map is has four area tutal Survey Crater into is TLe Methods Lateral levels Survey which Survey 13etail d northeast activity in Coriteminat De t ailed the of cal of mile are inch area reI repre- maximum fall-ou III Extent and C sgr s of Activity found by th D tai led Lat ral fladiologlcal Survsy Total 2 37 Beta and Gamma mr hr twice points the normal $cuar iles wig - 0 3 0 3 - 0 6 0 6 - 0 9 2 1 0 9 - 6 4 3 7 Confirmatory terminal Activity samples of the field 241 38 of laterals soils and where Background were plants the 263 A collected Survey Veter at gave the reaclings values Tabl IY Ccnfirnatory $oil S27p19s Col19ct5d at ths Terminals cf Latsrals I 2 ‘1 5 1 L13 n 6 7 3 0 fiifficult difficult II 12 difficult 13 Jo to to cross cross s 2mpl to cross m - - ‘“ da APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE zck rgund ‘ ” - r tiiid APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE # 2 9 3 5 3 ‘ n 3 R m 5 U U w “ n 5 0 n 5 0 “ n m - w R U n 6 0 “ 6 G “ 5 9 5 1 R “ 3 8 “ 2 7 n f 3 2 “ 2 U ‘ j ur R 1 6n 2 L m n 3 s U 3 n “ R n R n m m n n n IT 1 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ----- ———— _- ________ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● e ● ra r y ● B ● ● ● ● Comparison th n mr hr 19US the long to Distant frOm Four vs principal arid C q t Plus ta tS 7 in I mm ”A tivltl s ths Transects All activities and Gamma gqg ‘i3 7 T-13CT- so- C 25 T-19CT- $ - 2 IG O s T-130T- T- R j- 0 s 21 9 0 s O I9 O 3Q 3 CG 7 60 O s o T-15 - 0 s 3 TT- zc- T- 80- TTTT- 1751 125’ 5G- l fjt 75f sc50 80- 80Centsr 25f of 251 12 5 0 s 0 s O SS O S 0 s --9 S T- G- T- O- 50’ G s T- 0- 75’ 0 s T- 0- 1001 T- C0- 125f 17sf 00s 0- 225’ 0 s 0- 30G’ 0- Uoclf 0 s l cg TTTTTTT- 0G- 5oof tjCIC’ 0 s 00s 0 s 0 s T- c- 10’ -1 11 ‘ 3 I ’16 TT- 3-12C’01 C- 1 9 T-zjcT-27CT-z7f T-27cT- 7cT-27C- Fsncsd Arsa Established Expressed in I UT ss mr hr Gamma j l 0 0U6 6 01L 3 C I3 1 10 1 50 1 6Q 0 s 0 s ------- 2 26 U 3C 5 UG 5 60 l o lu S 0 s 0 s G S --- 6 5 0 s Illag f5 9 0 s 6 s 0 s 0 s ------0 s C S 0$s 0 s0 --- 17 9 0 s O S 0 s 17 9 11 7 7 7 IU 6 2 5 1 9 I u 2 57 0 15 c 1 40 3 00 U ---- Q fs i c 2u O ” ‘5 I 1 5 2 IG U O S Q S 0 1 I 5 2 1 2 3 7 0 s ----p $ 0 3 U u 13 3 Q S s s 0 s 0 s APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Comparison of Lhe In mr hr t 19u$ Along Distancs from to the Four Principal and C ntsr Pzta i9U$ Center T 90 Eta plus GJrma Activities 19u7 in the Fenced Area vs 0 O S 25’ 17 6 0 s Transects A activities and Gamma Established Expressed 9k7 O S --- 19117 as sug 15 9 mrt hr Gkama 19117 11 u 10 8 --O S 0 s 18 6 T- 90T- ‘9l3- 0ss 0 s 21 1 0 s 0 s O S 21 4 0 s T- 90- 00s 16 9 T- 90- 0 s O S --- 1s 5 O S --- 1- 9G- 0 s --- TT- 9090- 5 3 0 s 1 2 0 s T- 90- 5 k 7 -- 3 0 5 2 0 5 0 s0 2 1 I u 600f 19 1 O S I 3 2 2 90- 8001 17 1 @ 69 909Q- oGo 3 6 200’ 3c- Voof c i3 C C33 T- ’30- T- SG- TT T- O S 2 9 0 0 G 23 1 9 f u 6 P C3C C C Q7 0 20 C IU 2 6 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - — — in APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 27 Plats ORIGI LL 6LLST PATTER OF I T llNITITE DEPOSITION t Q - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE —- ———- — —— — APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘ - i i I APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE — —— ———— APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - Plate EFFECTS ON photoqr ph taken OF OPIGlfl L 2 EROS IO dL FACTORS TRINITITE approximat ly -4 DEPOSITION one year afttr d tonationa ‘ —_ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘j i 2 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC- RELEASE — APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Figure 6 Accumulation on Floor oust of of Sh ck bard 2 $i It is apparent from ZDd contaminated soil this weathering process such a size water a particle T is ilutlcjn ctivity sl ii will whxch just 2C d is being that it cause WII1 Figure observations tr nsported more continues outside in these a will be sprc cling tend to the crater more of itssen frfice of the the and results outside the the easily dctei-rli ed in 7 - at I er 3 -— by Lut AS become transported activity trinitite fence will ccntamlnatiun as the crater trinitite APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE — that t le unit September of wind and s2 ne tire area The $ t is APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ”- ——— - -—- - —— --------- — - ----- —- — — — - — - — I I -rY ’ I - --- 1 ‘--” ------- x I ‘“- - ’ ’ I ““ ’ ‘ ’ ” - “ “- - ’ — — -- - “ PUBLIC APPROVED FOR RELEASE --——— ----- — APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE — 1 ’ — ---–---- -JJfKL - -- ’$ i r I u 2 x - -— - —— ’ “”- ’” ‘ ‘ “ ’ i “ “ ‘ ’ ‘ ‘ ’ ’ ’ ” ‘ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘ - -–- - - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ ‘ d 0i6 o -J o— -—_ - d 0 010 I tiO TRACES AT 0 8 OF MILE JiCTIVITY ALONG THIS L NE — — - “ Al ASPHALT PROFILE 204 FEET A2 193 A3 135 T30 TG T6 ET C SAMPLE APPKCXlk T 1 FROM CENTER TFIAhJSEGT o DRIFT LIiES” Tc $WECTED i947 RkLAIVE ESTABLISHED t APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 1947 ---- - ” ’ ’ ’ ’ ’ —“ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --- —— —I f - - —- ---7 ---- -___ -- _— --- “- o- -j - J Io - I i — —- -’ 1 f I L 1 NO Ti ACES AT 0 4 MILE OF ACTIVITY ALONG THIS LINE I I T 7G R 4E T 7S R 5E s- — - — LEGEN13 7 1 ----- ’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - i ------- % “d” “ ‘“ ‘ ‘ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - ” r’ ” $ ● ● IJ S” i - Beta from and th Exprgssed 66o 87 0 87 0 82 0 21 6 8 8Q non 8 37 7 56 Depth lnch s T-9o 1000 this 2 44 in 1000 hoped will The 45 activity at surface 39 2 23 f --- pattern snmple with the still 50 This is atypical data at various In cases line and antin 21 2 2 32 1 95 IOZ2 6 50 5 90 c2 2 25 1 61 0 64 G 23 non non none Zero 14 along of has snm es the “ in the four acti%”ity with re2test containing “ “ actzvlty 1000 Lf drift of c ail ble ‘amount progressively the in the deeper the fall-cut activity is the profiles and fzll -out sa m les The t’nis responsible this atypical the f ur actisity ti d erea in T-O at isotopes for alc ng gacrra of explanation Zero and T explanation on some froi beta the words true of feet prufile” other the depthS all pattern particularly are distribution tie contaminated 54 frc m of deeper collected ‘nc rinal feet T-27G IGCG Ft neutrcn-induc d distribution the in basis probably samples shen the a thecrctica is 2 49 that 57 5 53 C 600 non 23 5 9v 7 7 57 %6-C at nons T-270 6 C Ft 59 7 50 collected activity profile is 59 7 1315 Cln feet 135 l oo 4 18 in 0 51 --- QgQ 0 51 similarity 66 7 72 4 21 4 samp es 21 2c3 22 4 approxitnati lg be 9 66 9 33 7 35 noes --- 3 21 562 6 2G gamma inches tivities 9 92 n n --- 99 3 T-270 ZfJO Ft 4 65 se-called adia s 10 2 dcpt i paragraphs t lree i 72 1 21 5 32 I 4I 0 74 17 8 7 65 7 24 7 10 72 -9G 200 Ft o c spproach the i3 1 T-180 1000 Ft Ft 600 3 f 9 5Q Z5ro-Nass Gram 54 65 2 Ft 5 4 profi e TLe ess 7’-1s0 23 6 i 23 distance Ra ials Ft CJ 23 q activity par ui 2 45 8 15 8 T-9o 600 1 89 and Zero Ft 8 5 2 32 beta 200 18 2 2 9 3 of Ft 97 4 non tC 200 98 6 none U 4J’IL FD ● T-180 12 3 11 5 non res119Ct S 0 Second 34 12-14 a ● S from Psr C 57 O 9I 4 25 have zt Ft non Radials oisi T-o r-c -lo 1 -lz The less lumtisr and oisintse-mClOnS as 6-8 2 43 WV 9 60 o-i I-2 2-3 3-4 V-6 6-3 g-lG IC-12 12-IV O 3amma’ eti v ’ty in rofiles Col Iected and in the Fraction 150 Microns Lr a T-o bdwt Ft In ● ● ● ● Fencsd Profii9 Activity ● ● the - See firsC 7’-180 profile the T-90 time It for the is ac- distriblltion possible sutron-induc d is found Activity in three in pro”’il s’ the Crat r ‘take L l vidcnce for neutrosi-induced Z ‘ ’ k“ r o I phalt ro n und riufi O S a 84 1 t t J i ci 5 ‘ ’ ’”’ “ A e --------- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE wzs least at stripped ’11 a znd gives depth Radial the the of square yard i profiles taken distribution the three 3ircie%z o in of profiles beta taken Tne the center end gamma at 135 asphalt layer of cleared this activity 193 and 204 carefully area with respect feet from Table to Zero alcng T-0 Table VII Activity as Beta and Resi@ual utran- nduced from under Asphalt in SoIl Prcfi 1 es Taken lnD les Gamma Layers Found A S P -l93 A S P - 35I D pth In inches d s g -Zerr ssss A S P -ZO4I d s g 0 149 o 8Q 7 2-U 127 2-4 84 7 - Z ro-mass 82 7 7 60 4-6 92 4-6 70 7 71 8 6-9 g-to 59 5 6-9 36 9 5 5 2q 3 9-12 18 0 0- 2 1s 7 The identification ity reported port when 2 46 of as the the the on surface are dark 2 in and 3 fect 4 of spr pd dependent $7 p 2te thl $ It 4 in this the lutic n zn to t e all erial C activ- later re- in of the surveyed Pncl a of west first the the which to 3 rious found deposits found These sizes usually mr hr total on Laterals evidc nce of how Contiaus ly the in beads lccation will the snd the the rctcr 1 the ccuse sprczd pl ysical is efa princi- Pcvever at this spreac ing o f fzns ‘We in in the be time # activity ● $ 8 ‘ 414L 61 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE $ are rfl inQge terninate i resc’nt eventually characteristics alluvial all nay —-—— water activity zverzge is are erosion new ewilibriumg specifically If north sand ateral per vegetation activity this of tI e laterals five many fold at up showing the the fiaximum ta ten water arrcyos pl ya of Znd area frag nents sotirce hard Jore total coarse distribution principa to rate gamma presented represent photc graph that be and be the readings pattern amount trinitite may And cliwote Shjc ws plsya foctc r as of the hy beta the in ai u- snt very particles zn rei rescnted is 8 I%e Plate peci lly given is 13 9 Trinitite region are Figures This cln 3 this Another color terrfiin tc-rrain h wn z ea 6 will accumulated in rndir ctive J211y of ond for activities which radiation physicnl c f black sliape 5 or beads to in washes g ass gamma maximum found small green sp5ericzl beta the is responsible activity The are region isotope “ accumulated Crater existing this is Rsgion throughout in the neutron-induced data Trinity outside intc was this Crater estimates will n c ● X 1 ” of be the playa and deposited no clearly es- The i can be brc ught S # i --’’’-’” ““”’””’’” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 3 93 1 J- 2 95 -2 00 F E L j LATERAL 2 9 860’ w 1 3 MAXIMUM OVER “ I IQ J m -J” -” F a 1 zLo4 REAOINGS COARSE DEPOSITS “’ tJ i 01-’ gi q ’ c o ’-j I m - FROPJ ZERO FC UND SAND WATER CONTAIN ltdfJ TRIN1717Z I --- I 1 8 1 I 1 ---- LATERAL 4 930’ I - --- - - - I FROM ZERO MAXIMUM READINGS FOUND OVER cOARSE’SAND WATER DEPOSITS GO NTAINING TRINITITE -0 50 00 6 0 “1 5 ‘ j I 4 0 LEFT ‘3 0 2 0 1 f ES I FR O$%t P ‘Ei APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 2-0 IMBHBdb 3 0R’G”T 40” ‘ ”” ‘-O- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --r i “ Q MA s p o ----0 00 SHALE AND SOME RED SANDSTONE FIRST 1 I-loo 1 i3EU HILL i IN SMALL SAND 6 FROM ZERO 29 500’ _ “ “’ LATERAL -1 I 1 I VALLZY LATERAL 24 650’ FRofd AND PZtli3LES 5 ZERO” A ‘ - - tin” - %iI’ oo-’ f A U READjNG FOUND LATERAL 19 720’ FROM -J - ” - Ii 0 50 I FOUHD SAND ON LATERAL COARSE 14 79Q’ DkIPOSITS APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE FROM ZERO - ---- ------ “ t@ “ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ - ● ● t ● 8 - Plate OF THE 3 PHYSICAL CHfIIACTER TERRAIN EASTEFN iSTICS TRINITY REGION Photograph LOS courtesy Alamos APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● ☛☛ Photo ✌ ✌ ✌ ✌ of Laboratory APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE KS ’ “ %“ -’ --- - ’ ‘ ” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - I APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 9 S ● ‘ 0 ● ● ● 0- ● C ● S C ● ● ● ● S6 ● ● 8 ti ciAs’ fllD ● ● Plate OF THE q PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS TEFRA t ES TERtl TRINITY IN REGION Photograph LOS APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -— - Al mos courtesy Fhoto of L boratory APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 3 n ● ● ☛ ● ● ● ● s ● ✌✌ S 1 4 ● 49$’ ” ● ● 8s so 3 s ss ●a- 9 s ” ’ 4s 9 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE collected along Lateral Zk Mt Tabl Bsta Distanca Latsral and 2 49 In Gamma Activity Found in Collected Along lateral in Miles from Point Lsft Table collected on Surface left Per 0 2 0 3 0 46 the 0 4 65 S9cond Per 0 5 3 90 0 6 3 50 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 1 2 I U 1 6 1 8 2 0 2’ 2 2 4 2 6 7 92 6 60 2 08 6 48 9 06 1s90 1 51 ‘ 4 31 6 lCI 0 23 non 4 OG is presented same ‘ ateral the results end G3Kma obtained Reference ctivity Lateral 2 on the profile samples left” IX in Soil Frofile$ P f r nce 2 3 61 Coll cted on $ 15 S 5C l $ -3 non 3 ‘6 non ncn ncn 6 “9 nons ncn ncn9 ctivity 2 5G 2 27 so that regions in t ie collected Alcna 3 ccndary adfiitiolja Transect data Trinity along a would l egion see second trensect G6 Orion R9ference be Figure Line available the znd surface profile st rting at See parugraph through Latera APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE — Gram 2 52 C 29 rion3 1 5 Crater 0 64 Q-G 75 L______ of Samples 2 82 C 75-I 5 were ths Z Disintegrations Table S ta north 0 0 O I IX the miles Vl l 2 R9f r nc5 1 Y two ap ’-ci imtz te more Reference active samples Point APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Total Beta Depth-Inches 0 0 0-0 75 3 The -3 0 10 nons ‘6 none profiles soil taken development like on of very the known 2 51 as The ect are a summarized OiSt OCI in none 0 57 0 17 nons “ 0 53 none none 6 5 miles are and with sand the more the lower the atypical The other distribution of oi in vith lime these samples collected along 2 52 Rsd and - re s are cf c tained gh T1 ere on Point Disintegrations per 5 22 3 31 0 549 39 3 7 0 11 1 9 95 25 2 9 5 20 3 must is o ap arent trans- I per Gram 5 52 5 5 9 0 in same Second 6 27 12 9 Laterels this Surface Samples R f rencs Point 2 5 7 ILw what Xl 1 27 Grsy the XI 7 52 ccncretic ns six 1 5 re icns silt- to indicate 0 5 greater a four Miles 2 Reference activities with to for profiles 7 5 0 lcczticns were explanation 4 2 igher respect and t lere the 4 I O with present crust probably depths surface Table is 6 26 1 55 limestone surface which 13 5 3 5 The Miles nons TGtai Eieta and Rafama Activities of Along the Second Transect From Lateral Lateral 6 5 non Table from Miles 1 72 contaminated in q o 0 81 none under in Miles 0 70 fine activities 3 0 nGn2 region at Miles Sampl s Line 6 14 none surface ‘normal 2 0 miles this found Ti nsact Miles 4 0 loose -adioactivity is 1 0 at of crust inches $ ar d 2 2C 0 75-1 5 1 5 Miles for Profile Reference ar d “ a ma lctivi y Along tl 7 found were a pH of beginning Hills and order 7 8 pli ces due samples ccntent limestcne iad on th 10 to correl ticr 10 either 10 11 - itl- u’ater-Lcrne n a brown R gicn and 12 the surface soil collected silt deposits to in The red-brown color inches Oscuro Figures 9 end 8 -8 5 at of 11 13 arroyos -es et The give and the 14 or radioactivity recdings The the tc elevati n 1 Z a lm” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE in in terrzin Cscuro mr hr is ‘ ountzins and these fall-out very APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE “O Oo z a c x I ‘ EsTZR N E ‘FLOOR ED QF 5PJ13LL ALLUVIAL 0s50 OF SOIL x cc VALLEY GREY SLOPE 44 570’ r LEADING AWAY FROM OTERRAIN 0 00 LATERAL HILLS I TOO 9 FRfJi4 ZERO OS CUROS DIFFICULT TO TRAVERSE 1 I I 7 - l w K 1 G c iiC3 z p“ ‘m iJw ’ 1 - - - F - 0--- VERY H“ oti i4iLL-SHALE Li”f-i DEEP LE AND SANDSTONE- SOIL WASHOUTS 39 440’ LATERAL FROM $ ZERO - ’ ‘ - ” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE VERY SHALE xl- 111- 2 1 ‘—GRAZING LA-NO r ROUGH TERRAIN AND SAN DSTOPJE MANY RIDGES --4 LATERAL 13 69 700’ FROM ZERO b — F C -0 50 i II” 1- —--yJE- FLOOD I 1I LATERAL 12 59 250’ FROM ZERO PLAIN Ei - 6 000’ - -- -TERRAIN TOO DIFFICULT ● TO TRAVERSE 1 - t — ‘4@k@4A@” APPROVED ’ FOR PUBLIC RELEASE I APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘ uNcL# j F ED - ● C w -ii clsO o e$ ndita ● s ’ e st bli h i a general powever mum fall-out Len miles Figure occurred of previous with age 0 3-0 6 four ranch 22 and mum of 2 54 in The area about The in 0 8 soil feet The parent the had 1948 profile Harvey Fence for The this It is region most swa time to side is of nifc rm c rcu hcut In a the were 0 3 Gate Iai W activity 12 13 16 17 and ative the in the aver- 14 18 in area approximate most surveyed this conclusion but give 19 the 20 with were the 211 a maxi- is the I G the YII mi 0 0 Soil H 3 0 2 1s 5 9 72 0 72 non 0 23 rcd-hrc n Jepth Qf this Therefrre the reasl n as is 2s 48 tc is is se rer- ncted side of ob- li G 9 mi E dis s c qm 8 22 none 0 17 ar ey in pH dis sec gm mi f dis see gin Gate fioG drsinege The The Profiles Io le incll jg X11 non small the dis sec fgm of depth to point none east 15 Aug st 1947 gives reference profile northwestern 0 87 nons i e in penetration along Table soil Figures made m isture collected Five varies 14 6 0 36 none wards un nc n the area same assay Ranch c t - cr OUt is studies reason radioactivity light the 21 the is this dis s c gm the 15 for f sta and Gamma Activities from h Harvey FerIcQ 0 2 Yap than grazing The land Laterals Lateral profile samples H G profi e first Survey of principal Figures illustrate these For arvey Total the higher miles a the level Tabl The of on by material fallen curing tained for is square throughout inclusive rains radioactivity 35 obtained similar presented al north maxi- mr hr is At of Rzdio ogical approximately traversed are same east Lateral the area above mr hr descriptions the 13’ of f etuiled controlling 6700 found 23 are owners is the t is mr hr ele ’ation activities In There of di’”ect on- to ‘ the t z ● cover esa region range the llefer back Chupadera is in drift inside 3 2 53 trend is and color 4 irl hes into the lime normal JrC1fi e is why radic activity 2 nong non non mi” a small is text re re2cticn s x’ith res ect sh uld be was COlle ted valley szndy ‘rhe- soil to ebt ined to at tke ‘n t je fine sznd L Irc’ lg Isoi Icwer t epths yet T C a 7 88 b $ ” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE —- —--- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE r I EL G 800’-7 LiGki” oi ’—————m Bi30 J8i $OIL AND GRASS 9mw O ● ● 9 ● ““ Y$ ● w 0 s -’ “ $ io t- “ ““- Q 7 3 W - ●O ”” 0 $9 S d ’ Wbu ‘ 6 - ● ● -- - ----- 4 - -- — - 1 I x- _ L L’ i “2 - s b w - --i - j - i --— - — -- - ’ - - ” -’ IU Q - Ld2 tvu U ti - T 81 i- - “ _ -AL’__ -- 8 89 ●9 - ‘ - ’ ● ” J ’ _ ” - - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 27 w ” ’ s ALL w mfx FR_fxA HIGH READINGS Old GRASS TUFTS- SMALIRIDGES WITH GRAZING VALLEYS– SOME RIDGES HAVE GROWTH’OF JUNIPER Zz x’il i$ -r “-i 0 50 —AND - ’ COARSE GRAVEL GRASS TUFTS k c --”1 ● “ ● L t 3 _ — ------ “ -0 —– - - - I _ _ - -J APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● -1 z-’ -” b W - - - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE READING ON GRASS ROUGH TERRAIN HICYH TUFT$– ii i” ‘t- J ’i I - ‘La --- ● ✎ ✎ ✎✎ ✎ Ill ”” ” ” 9 - - c APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - rll I APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 3 - 9 ● ● ● ” ● ●’ ● ● a ● ● O ● ☛ ● ● U5 ● 9 9“ ● ● ● ✚☛ O ● O r% V ● ● ● ● -D ● ● O ● ● ☛✌☛ ● n ● ● ● ☛ Fi g’ “15 SOIL RECORDED Pro fils CHARACTERISTICS O scription $10 F LE - LOCATIGN No 751 - GEOGRAPHICAL ELEVATIOY OF - - Ssmi-arid NATURAL COVER CLASS - Old terracs bunch solL R 6 or low to PARENT E W upland c $siv - USE red - Grazio9 d s rt nsss Mnsi ty Friable 8 0 - r o- - -— 8 0 - --- - - — -● -------- — — —— —---- ——--— -- — a --— -- — 9 $7 - — i — APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE — ng - non% ALK4L Com$l ct Structurs roll - k ta orph PRESENT - Zonal - - Moderate MATEPILIL grass GROUP 3 EFOSION - 9-121 Primary - Yucca GREAT 35 % mark r CRA I 14GE - good DQeP FOFMATION - SLOPE - 5000’ CLIMATE OFFER “SSE s tion LA 4CSCAPE G20uNDWATER vOCE 1 c rock I APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE “ I ‘ c j F ED 4 “ ’ - ’ ● ● ● “ ‘“ LOCATION No@ ’Z ‘- ’ ELEVATION “ oopsr ill - NATURAL COYER CL4SS - ● ’ ‘ ’ - I escriEtion - ’ “ nd- ing a Roads Ciboza 1$’at o al Forest -’Rolli Primary - Serni-aridt CLIMATE ● 90 ● ● ng’’ -’’mesa toP - ” 1 SLOPE - 9% EROSION ‘ yod rat e l $ y - None ALKALI 0RAINA6E - 6eods b ps MoDE’OF’FORl ATION i CHARACTERISTICS ““ ”’ - ”- - 70001 ”” - Profil ” ’ LANDSCAPE 6f oljNn’dhTER ORDER unct’ion GEOGRAPHICAL i_’ ● ● ● SOIL - ● ‘RECQRPED - “ - lg e ● - PROFILE ” ’ ’ ’” -- - ● 00 ● O ●OO’ ● 00 ●QDt$ D ● 0 O • e ● ‘0 0 ● ’ ’ ● 9 ● r so ‘PAiEi4T MATERIAL - tamorphic ‘ock” “’ rass Bunt GREAT junip r L GROUP PRESENT cactus - Zonal - red USE - Grazing d s rto -- — 8’ @ Tsxtur 7 Structiti4 — loft crumb --- —-— m ell oft small rrq ---- -—— Compact n ss C ns ity t miscellaneous Rqotsf concreetc tions Perm ah llty actiofl — Moisture penetration to 6“ Low Organic matt%r co t%t Large amt qra small fragme ts Mod n amt of dissentlnatsd lime 9 0 f l ——— --- ——— Friable - Parsnt mat rial Fracturc d Wzath red m famorphic rock ’ ‘ ’ ———— fr ’gnwts strong dtss m natgd Iims ———-— -—-—— C c —-—- Many small 8 0 -—- --— i c y j G APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ 1 RECORCED Fig 17 SOIL CHARACTERISTICS Profile i escript ion PRj FILE - NO - ‘ mil LCCATICH GE13GFLPHICAL ELEVATiCN OF oRCER L lt ESCApE of Coop r Well - Rolling to hilly mesa EI SIC I- Modarat URAINAGE - FCRMLTION - Good PAf ENT - Primary ALKALI - xc ssive MATERIAL - - Metamorphic one rock - Ssmi-arid CLI14ATE NfluRAL north - 700G’ GPouN WATER MOPE 30 COVER - Bunch CLASS GREAT grass 3CIL — junipsr Gi OUP - Zonal pinon PFESENT - dessrt red USE - Grazifi -— — -—-—- T Taxtur Loam structure I 8 0 LOOSC crumb L zz -- -T— lrr2@ularsoft blccky ---- —-- F 0-- -—- — - - —— scsll neous otst Cwcr5ions Psrmsa5illty tc —— oistur penstrati n to I “c ow orcaplc mattsr conten t oderat ar ount of diss rnin ted lifi% ‘oot p nstration to 12” p ac ion — —— - -—-- - -—— oderat amo’unt of segr gat d lim9 - soft chunks G- - —-— — - — -— — --- — — -- 8 6 ---- I——-- I 1 — —— - —t --— ‘6 - a APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE L _— -_— — ——— 2——_— ————— 8 - — — NcL4 J F1ED J” —— - I APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Pro fils FF CFILE - HO GEc 2RLPHICAL ELE ATION 5 1 4 LOCATi t - NW of mil SLOPE - f P 140DE OF FGRMATION CLIMATE - Semi-arid NATuRAL COVER 5RDER CLASS profi Is Sk tch - - Ratliff - str m LANDSCAPE - 6500’s Gi OU 40WATER D5$criptlon flood DRAINAGE Texture pla n PARENT cactus CROUP fla canyon Cent19 ‘lcpe - Gully ALKALI - Good Second ry SOIL Headquarters EROS1ON - 3%9 f unch grass G“REAT Ranch - cn MATERIAL - Mixed PRESENT juniper - Azonal alluvium USE - Grazin - alluvial — — -— Structur ornpactn ss Ims ity Slichtly cloddy abl Ma-ssrv ofmall mlT —— —— - RQactiGl 8 0 –9 7 “- granular ” —- ql “Ill 4 I - -ii- - nd s tinct columnar ---- -- --- - b dsrat to strong segr $at d lim2 Occ sicnal angular fragmznt ” 4 A “ o” 111 -k- - ---Yassive - 3 o— “ - “ e ” 8 J ’ C % ‘ q $$$ - “ $ —-— 0 - -- - — Stratified ’- 4 ” $ $ 5 - ” ” - 1 I 7 ’ ’ A ’ q J LJ - - ’ - 61- — — — - 1 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE —— ____— - --— - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Profile PROFILE - ’ 0 6 - z nilss LOCATIOH GEOGRAPHICAL ELEVATION OF NW of LANDSCAPE - - DEEP - Semi-arid NATURAL COVER CLASS Rznch Alluvial - 2$ DRAINAGE - Bunch GREAT bstw en F ARENT 6R@Up rolling upland nills - Ron t MATERIAL yucca juniper low - Slight ALKALI - Good g ass s@lL fan - EROSION - S5ccndary FORMATION CLIMATE ORDER Rat iff SLOPE - 6500’ GF OUI CWATER MODE Description - Azonal - Mixed PRESENT alluvium USE - Grazing - alluvial — Profile Sk tch I Color ‘- - w 2 I Ercwn T xture — Compactnzss Dansity Structure Friable Learn $’i”” “ ‘ 1 % “ % ‘j 2’ ”” I “ - ___ -EYOW - ---- ——- I --_- - - 4 - 1 ----Loam -F rm- – ---LiGht clay Isam ‘F rm— - ---Lozm - —-— i — L---Firm P zty i - 7 -_— _ ———- - —_ ‘-8 - — —--— - — - — t 1 - — - — a —--- -— -- —- 8 0 ----- —— — -—- -— 8 0 j tf — —— 1 I ‘ z — -— — 1 1 ” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC ---- iod rat anount of s greg t d Iim RELEASE ——— uNcb 155J q - ’’ c ” Ul r m APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● ’”c b”’ ’ ● C ● ● ● ● ’ ““W $4’ RY 2 55 -ren The Atomic the of 13cmb has Crater for veyed in detail total beta 2 56 In gamma of cctivity of the scp are 2 57 in 0 6 crater For the ing most UFper a shack deposits 2 59 Crater tif 0 9 all being S ’ir d-blown does square atypical dust ave considerable sand were found 0 1 the cr profile sa p es the range range of active ac out- 1 130 less fence are and tGpS havdiscussed in and w’ith greatest found col ected particularly associated have mr hr the the indicated table activity the range of were water from have most crater are sur- 1948 the the First the having having mr hr and of remainder These of the the f cor it in Water activity outside Irea study indicate of the soil profiles of a portion collected the present in activity 1947 and 1948 is due to from the neutron-in’ uc- tion 2 60 Trinitite is sec lgrl ments re b thin The the we t hering crzter fence f trinitite gives zn is average progressing - the of large 1185 frag- disii te gratin APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE _—-— activity # - 4’ ‘7 of were basis to being the northeast mi es the wind from summer fiutside collected to the square miles depths by 1 JJ JJ - miles frond miles In activities spread were square mr hr lower ● y out cn 38 were Some ● fall-out the miles 2 14 3 7 thirty-two prepared mr hr activities at is Q 3 G extending first been square -6 4 inches c arse Fenced 4 all activity Regic the with part two Trinity gu rd mr hr existing The to mr hr surveyd the 24 ’I 0 6 fence activities 2 58 - transect The has LO due measurable during background -0 9 miles map Survey 0 3 a miles radiztion I etailed from side 100 A contour sctivlty of first along ● ● radioactivity outlined the of tivity remaining been and the the ● CC -–— APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE UCLA-32 THE IJ IVERSITY OF Atomic P Rsverly CA LIFO Energy o qox Hills Contract R l A AT LOS A GELES Project 31 California At-t q-i-GEN-12 W Oivisicn Div rsifi9d S9ction Alamogordo THE Problems Division 3sction Chief StzffOrd Chief Albert 19v8 RADIOLOGICAL ANO HIOLGGlcfiL sU YEy 5REAS IK PEW MEXICO AFFECTED f Y THE F12ST ATOMIC POMP PART L ” Wsrr n w 8s1 Iamy OF DETONATION 2 9i8il t ‘ 1 1 — -— APPROVED FOR —- -PUBLIC RELEASE — - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE K $ ttomic En rgy Wash Commissiont ingtonf 1 C 1 3 Rricl Gen James $ cCernlack r irectcr ‘ i itary Applications 4-6 T Lilslc n Mr C rroll L Tyler Los Vana er Alamc s 3r Scrris E E radllury r rl ht H Lzngh m# ci ntific Uirectc r Director Santa Laboratory Fe LOS Ci eratians Alamos Los 4 amos Lalxratc ry Medical Office Y W 7-8 Mexico cientil’ic FiesearcL $1 Laburetcry 10 11 12 13 Ufiiv rsity r Franklin JcLean cf PirectGr C 7icago ‘Tc xicity L2hcr3t rv APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE I -— ’ - - ---- - - ’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE P % 0 41 ST RI CE I lI TRODUCT id 2 RADIO LGGIC$LSURYEY Irafrodu t “ ction” Program Soils tile of g Survey General Surveyed Counting General Oiscussiono “Soil Crey 10-13 10- 13-18 Factors Backgrounds and 18-19 19-20 2e 20-21 21 21-22 22 18-22 Samples in Q- a ctivity the Secondary i ls Area 9-50 Fenced tfie Soil-forming and Soil Activity Trinity e ion 6-8 in along 5 Area the and Contwninmticn in the Fenced Xeutron-i tiuced and Background L ctivity for of Profiles Procedure Procedures of Procedures Survey Counting Extent Activity survey Determination Equipment Counting Area Instruments Recon2aissznce IletailedLateral Red Procsdurss Ex erim fital c Scope of Topography 29-31 ● 31-32 32-37 Transect the 2 -214 9 Crstcr 2Z-Q9 Oscurc F eference Flegion Lifie Chupadera Ve sa 2%-29 37-39 39-49 50 Part 2 -z Introduction s Experirr 511t31 Proc r ures collection of % nl Cattle of P2diological is u sil n lcc_rr2cy ctlvltlts of ● s Assays Data s 1’ ll ai jsls in inCattle Ecolc gical v-vi nce 2 unting between 13e12ticns ip Evidence of 6 6-3 S-7 ● ● ● ● ● 7-s 3-1’5 ’ ctivitics Jnimals Ss yofswlp es i3 diolcgical F sults of of ‘ olo ical -J7 17-1s 0 - and Activicies j ninals 20-21 in 16 22 18-20 2m2ge Survey Zi 21 21-22 22 i i zznrds ’ Cont rcin2tion l di tion sj ect s “ ● z APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE I 9 ● 1 S WK L4JSPI D ● s e ● ● ● ● ● T ’ LE Part ● ● 2 pa introduction ● ● ● ✎ ✎ ● ● ● ● “ ● 23-WI ✎ ● ● ● ● ● ☛ 24 ☛ ☛ ● ✎ @ ● ● ● a ☛ 2 -25 ✃ g psrimental Procedures Field Sampling Field Localities Sample ● ✌ ✎ ● ● ● ✎ ● ● ✎ ● ● ● ● ● s ● ✎ 2% ● ✎ ✌ ✎ ✎ ✎ ● ✎ ● ✎ ✎ ● ✎ ✎ ● ● ● 24-25 ✎ ● ● ● ● ● 1 ● ✎ ✌ ✎ ☛ ☛ ☛ ✌ ● ● ● 25 ✎ ✌ ✌ ● ● ● ● ✎ ● ✎ ✎ ✎ ● ● ✎ 25 ● ☛ ☛ ✌ ● ● ✌ ☛ ✎ ✎ a ● ● ● ● 26-36 m ● ● ● ● ● ✎ ● ✎ ✌ ● ● ● ● ✎ 37- o ● ● ✎ ✎ ✌ ● ✎ ✎ ✎ ✎ 37 33 ● ✎ ● ● ✎ ● ● ● ● ✎ 38 ☛ ☛ 39-39 29 from within of Samples from Crop Plants Assays General the along and ● Plants Trees ✎ Plants Plants Background from the Grasses ☛ Radiological Discussion ● Assay of ✎ Preparation I sults Radiological Plant Plants lleconnalssance Terminals the of Fence the of Primary Lateral Shrubs left the Laterals Trinity Transect 2 from the the Reference Farvey Fegion Gate ● ● ● ☛ ✌ ● ● ✎ ● ● ● Line Series m 39 39-$0 ● ● ✎ ✌ ● ● ✎ ● ✎ ● ✎ ✎ ✎ ● ✎ o ● ● ● ✎ ● ● ✎ qo ● ● ✎ 40-41 ● ☛ ● ● ☛ %2-Q5 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE po APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE E 19V8 AREAS FA 210LOC ICAL IN YEW MEXICO FIL’ST ATO%IC 39 AND RIOL2GIC2L i310LCGl CLL AFFECTED Y SUR EY THE S0 5 DET133ATiON SU ’’E’f - ANIMALS APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --- OF APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ ‘ 3 1 The primary r ermine the First objective degree Atomic snd Bc ci Sore three the different information A- amogorclo animal the completion External a Ecological 3 P adiological as Survey c f 4s2ects Assay since Collection of Small paragraphs the 3 3 and $lamogordo frcm these Per 411 locality the specimens cent f rmalin for shipment era data see Figure the twenty-three mary railsect Reference 3 3 ttls Seven Cibola Sumbers Lateral aticnal 18 and Forest 19 2 inside Slirvey of # nir al tc area phase the deof which Ilamcge Samples not during been the repcrted 1047 previously the exception collected Trinity to by er d fa reference project to cover Points the cattle the -out or preserved for Petailed and in analysis Radiological prifiarily accurately of After laboratory the see consultants areis air-dried either the back of with surveyed respect in the tc Pri- Line cows and in Since the one calf were urch sed regii n Qf general ti- ese the consu t- prcgram collected have were Reference fall-out summer’s l adi tiGn were the with given was PPOCEC IJRES specimecs in the material With tr ppin t ‘ c p Survey all while the that of dzta Lnimals or shooting ten 4 Section Survey fcl ows EXP RliIEYTLL 3 2 f Bf Evidence included Field in investigations 1 be lamogordo contamination phases will Fieid 19$8 of extent Following a s undert ck included the cf cattle had fronj Lateral been grazing t APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE T F eferel ce for Ccker i int varying APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE In v I“ ew tle rust of these be either and other considered external uficertainties in or light of internal to G neral radioactive Data on to variable the cat- exposure contamination ths Eight Cows Dresssd lb ‘ivwight w ght 2 i 4-6 y ars -935 q-s years 035 3 Y2arling 610 4 Yearling 615 ‘ 323 5 Yearling 6 5-6 y ars 565 935 70 7 %-5 months 8 2-3 y ars by Estimated inspectors ny N w M5XiC0 taken ‘Hot weightsn 2 s Calf 3 Q The not cattle given on $ief city y r ‘ “ exlco was found that the cncl packing Pro zest Gf was nd by the of size the descrik ed all and the for 252 210 153 570 297 the Schwartznan grcss in organ or Packing 3 Compa- either project the tissue or of tissue sam es to stored in in KlauLer of the 400 in being gru s dry-ice internally at that or by in fre’ zing trip icr te by Harry f-pint J’ en samp es ir until Br hzi deep lcckers tirlle consumption detail shipped rceze Gr Schwartzman pzckcd for D V Albuquerque public of inspected dee - Earry for 5fter slaughtering externally du licate packed Dr procedure permitted ere Sari ples during City -efcre 1948 srki gs representative being J X 1 Packing distinguishing cceptable usual Schwartzman Yovember by patholo y be the and detail represe ttative a xaxinum to $anitetion would by of and Prior the to morning of infcJr7 ec cattle Ranch brands sale Fepertment project the t e inspected out org n on of was of carried 511 removed project cow Klnuber ti e containing 511 3@9 slaughterin Coker inspected bill each pzckzges of aft r the Mexicol were evi ence Ccnpany Kiaubcr frvm Iii iJeCtOr NO cu htering Tew each ezt personn l immediately original afterncon and truc ied cattle the “ 437 skinn d were all weigkiing that was 4 buquerque Corspany the and respect 2 I were with unpredictable 1 A92 3s data all Express ashed os below radiological 3 s ti s rgafis say or of C LrCU$Sf’s S lT pl s ‘rev- t le laboratory ‘ r’rs -- e$ In t-z the v i hed -8”’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE various containers sam es to I APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘ $g nrceluin iiria lY of placed sshed in the ssheci in pyrex was sh beakers 41J count n$ terms of the ground are which level sample of the Howeverl activities 1 ● the determined counted without and into C tin containers plus difference transfer lid ar d %Jp ‘ j temiterz ture by aesample a # - r f i lZd’o%erh t k a te persture up 5 yj a ’l@ llOe z sh out the ash Samples while not exceeding 1-5 $ i with equal animal specimens equal to or scaler the to the For material one gram diameter 2 ash and so P$DIOLCGICAL the this made I on background ASSAYS APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE that low all very low the on the obcwnts samples twice back- cattle all ata would level samples level of ac- lev- repeated exceeding bec grtiund twice of the to background analyses irom reported from between samples were the the not sf of twice and are correction significant because procedure So as comparable magnitude than OF 11 riits the counts greater upon the results because counts aver ye actual triplicate RESULTS and shcwing colony of then scaler by Al considered decided unit exceeded gram greater different csses or are was of or to the were regard duplic%te per data and 29 second those majority equipment and 28 Only animal che per for same which with varagraphs between on repc rted available ground significance rojectrs In were carried see variatio s a of accurately practical animals served fron was involved This irid room weight disintegrations vizs tivities $’ # counting described zero-mass of out ● drie ’wv rr lghtj S to were weighed 3 6 el cooling dishes i f rnace porcelain for small muft e and deep in the b ah pr reweighed 2 $w reviously pyr cr After C were sam les - in 550-600° of or dishes W data be activity showing APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘“ qi sMi# ’ “’ Data on Activity Activity hbove no Soil mr hr Local i’ty Total C ollect d ShowSignlficant Activity @irds Significant Activity in tions Sscond Kg tno Showing Ci v Yane Disintecra Gram Ash raCzrcass S i ella HE sid of crater Calamospiza me lanoco-ys Chlorura Chlorur a fsncs I north mile of --- pssscrina crater I G-U O 13 fsilc -- - -Otocoris alpestris --- South cret r 2 5 of side of f nc fiil s SE crat r 0 20 I ackgrounc I 30 0 0 16 ludoviciafius --- 2 q 3 67 2 8 - s 4s Ps fts $ 73 6 sd3 o 20 6 ’s N3 iS 61 0 s 5 25 Fs --- --- --- 9m 5 s v --- --- --- Cho ndestes than I I grcmmacus --- Zencidura --- Lcnius klor 1 17 5 s 2 374 0 --- 2$5 0 --- Es --- Ic 1 --- y is used to indicate itii r th afitire eninal or The tsrm “C2rc2ssR portion ttierr of aftsr th dia stiv tract and otk r viscera hav bs n r i ov d less thcin tuice background bserucd cQunts S n t siariificant Valus Valu2 for for crop 6nly int stine cnly APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Lm ty Soilmr lhr L cicality y f712 0 7-2 5 0 @ 5- 7 I Activity r rcas$ d s# 1 in KemiLo D 70rus juv nllas 0 5-0 7 Cn midophorus G Juvsnlles$ Ozemidophorus Rackgroun Cnemidop orus 3 of LitI mi e 1s Ped Tank n ar Lateral R f r ncs Doint $$ Cret r Suard f ncs at Shack Road - adults o adults 0 1-2 5 2 0 5- 7 0 0 -0 0 Uta stafisburiunu C 7-2 5 0 tt a stansburiana 5 9 2 s --- ta stansburianc s L’ta c stun sburi na o 1 t st lriskuriuna I OIJ J s - crat r 0 1-0 7 0 0 2-7 0 G 0 1-0 7 hry osucla --- I Phrynosomu --- it J st nsb riorla APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● ●“ o a-- - ----- --- - “-’” -” --- -- 10 0 0 - ‘ f -“ - ‘ % Tot 4 77 - I’ S4 fob nalysis - - Ms s q@ ---- 6 1 z5 2 - rls tls --- 2 3 f ’ - 7 - -- e - - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 6 91 - - fq - -- - - Ns M us KS 23 8 1 z APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 2 21” 3 25 2 C9 ii art Cervical LYIT9 I 20 % I 2 585” 19 2 94 2 49 2 65 s 2 7Q 97 1 26 1 25 G 1 C 2S 0 31 3 73 0 72 0 51 ts G3 4 33 ‘5 25 4 2 4’ 5 25 3 618 4 55’ 4 8%” 1 61 7 39 2 E7 “3 24 2 19 5 %6 3 33 Q Z5 4 76” y is 2 79 V 22 5 598 3 54 2 6 4 13 3 SQ 3 73 1 25 I 77 5 CO 5 71 ” 3 Z5 0 55 oc’ 5 4 4 03 2 13 s C 2 ’ 53 --- 2 99 5 914 5 85’ % 5 3 12 7 27 3 Q5 4 55” 5 3 54 2 52 5 74 3 2 5 5 2 17 95” 35 4 ss” 3 70 ’ 2 P U 75 3 55 22 --- --- --- 1 - 1 61 c 7 $6” 4 $2’ 1 --- 2 27 4 27 c7 3 16 mg c y 4 57 7 2 ’ 5 CC c 5 5 4” % 85” 1 65 5 7” g U $s” 72” ”” 2 19 3 25 S C” q” - 2 ”6 4 3 ” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE --- Vs 1 55 G 35 5 s0” --- ---- ---- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE WKMSSIWD Activity n Kidney 3 97 2 87 3 73” 3 36 4 518 3 96 3 88 Adrena 3 I9 T rms of Disintegrations Per Second Per Gram Ash 1 Sample Embryo Muscle 1 63 8 89 4 5’ y 6 30” a f43 --- - 5 73 5 82 6 70 tis 2 17 4 36 5 92 1 98 --- --- 6 40 3 72 2 5Q 2 19 5 93 4 58 - --- 3 69 I 42 --- --- 3 06 1 19 1 73 --- 2 15 2 C8 0 95 j 2 02 f ” 2 39” 5 71 6 S1 J I --- 4 93 4 10 3 02 4 67 ” 3 7q 2 56 3 28 1 96 5 25 9 55 3 79 $ ● $ ” 3 62’ 6 38 marked with an asterisk Activities gr ater than twice background are based on obssrv d APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE counts which were APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Gram Ash I Car Pals Proximal snd of Pad ius C lc Ks shaft of fia ius 0 5s C’ ll ys CI 53 53 Cista nd af Fadius Ns KS G 34 lliIJm crast 0 17 ‘ 53 ’ s s 5 13 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE SummZ ry of for Pata of Tote I iscelleneous P ta nd Gamma kctiviti s Rio cc cai ampl s TYP5 of flt2109 Samplss P il’ ts obs rv d Ectivity Abov $011 mr jhr Locality asphalt On road I roils of wzst ackground Crat3r B t Latsral F far nce F asQ Camp miles at Point I7 Trinity of south Y pra Slop urro of 0 1 8 --- #11 idq orth - @e r or Elk psll ts slop of 175 900 fset on of fia R fug 12 5 1 P ak Oscuro tj6co fset North Oscuro Peek l vation iiorth 1 33 5 77 1 2 00 0 3-0 6 Backside of Yorth Oscuro Point Lateral R fsr nce itt 0 C5B 0 15 0 C18 iat-vsy Gate C 62 Trans ct F9nc 1 93 2 28 o l a 1 19 C 148 2 41 0 27 4 39 --- 0 37 8ka o 3 3 55 south l i7 0 035 0 143 0 C 2 than c APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE % twice 1 1 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● ☛ ● ☛☛ ✚✚ ☛☛ ● ☛ ● b e Accur3cy 3 9 the of radiological sider the ti is Counting Sate assay accuracy purpcse cf of Before the animal counting refere ce discussing it samples data to clcjse to the will the -report results the be obtairied necessary background of tG 1 made Jarrett in terns of counts per seccand @nstant equal to 1 645 fcr a 0 90 level ccn- Fc r level was in using the fcl- y 1 r e Error Q K of sig- nificance Cgunting rate in counts per second for sample b Cauating rate in counts per second for background t Tiine sample plus plus backgrc und o seconds in tb in 3 9 by The the From these of counting t lese Time d2ta lnrge xiiich includes sinc2 control to of counting background equ21 to 500 secGnd experim xts procedure quite equal ex eriments erro calcu a e the background used in for by in Table S 17i1 leS after er 81S0 wation above experiments these ‘ 111 Counts over the c n it correcting be are seen for cent of all fall wi t in anima this IOW fcr JCY lS summarized that - e in error background be ow saMples level APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE analyzed no advantage of counting Table of ‘ 111 counting 0 3 is C sCC J’c wcver would c- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ing an tc Gverage error a variatiori of throughout lf cnly of tail in in of the 11 which e sec limitations of the is data rG hly must be equivalent kept in mind ciiscussicns $m ll Lrrimels$ Since -it was equal to or greater considered zs activities the csunters rarliGlcgicaI Tables Q8 These observed thi’se sge background sults zpprGXiL ate y lS future all Activities that of would analyses and 111 IV be r ade may be on the poragraph than twice significant small summarized Table see decided animals as gi ”en as in 3 6 the aver- the re- given Table in de- IX 1X Sumary of Si gnificant Pata cn the Total Beta and Gaqlma Collected %rlng 4ctl’ ltles icunc in the %a 11 Animals the I 94and 1948 ’lamogordo Fxeld Surveys yG with fo w th xc GI lower TOt al nu mffer analyzed Type %’kn t ‘if ekIa ty activities than in Gfc l yt6 rr In ccrcass in which tract not analyze serrarate f y from cercass carcass 1 Gastrointestinal nc t received 2 4n lysis of qeptile were a kal yzea as lyzed lriolvldually 3 11 T ie analyses data f activities 11 “IiI in traft f Ralysls a Table deta group IX the IV In that an lyzed mammal bllt tfle not p05 Si131e sipce from each l cs llty that tract fc rmer indicate one indicate a strr JiIltestii 81 in and for znd feet or uf the carcass of th se 28 re i spection 23 wnxle of 26 c rres cjnding stomack s cif the anl mals animals available the APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE these were which data no significant “ animals ana- sepprate snowed etailed allima s ‘ for c ercass in ligher TebIes ilC- Mu4j’’ y”y” APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE G “ ● 0 5 be considered the tissues due to as as there might maccria s is no volved the any in accidental the significant ascertaining in was Table “the Great care practical IX for acti ities of without process the each the carc sses materiel taken the field three ‘ The of hich value for up small ’ icking the RY liimalS i ted to because cf zs re orted in explained of Of sand OnlY in in Cattle Tebles V z the VI if the the data on summarized in to nornz the gizzard Althowgh be li high consic ered soil samples l’ For some contaminated Table habit are must all with be calculations fence with much animals their in cantaminati n cletailec are of retained crater contact The basis is external clcse the found is within reptiles in on which 15 5$7 co llected habitat activities 3 14 art icles found their be as 3 % 4 7% aay in- actually found 7 3 c anlr als are 33 be radioactive of R e ti es birds not and prevent llaminals frequency those activities a to was 8irc s might with occurrence groups in trapping being xas of materials material collecting in the this of frequency of ac i’o’ ctlve if procedure soil as data of zg e y stor contamination adjacent metabolic C general sotme contamination From way The permit frorl 9 “e ’i-itin e corttanination shooting 3 13 positive from the together cows with com parable market The the than from data Tah e the scbject LO counting tc experimental tilat 3 15 tliere T e samples observed average VII both 64 are dpta are v31ues b chground are OW a ues necr errors pnd cf control cp arently in the no catt e in purchased so low that regorted as the as saai lcs observed Cm the basis 200 It for these per cent may be diff rences significant ixldicate Angeles aII background iiiUCli Los nu occuwu rea counts of cow APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE given samples “ l ese open in may errors concluded Jf the greater data between latic n from Table the radiclactive total be zpply 3’ betz matcri- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ✻✛ ☛ ● ☛☛☛☛ ma “ ● ✎☛✎☛ ● ● e lanogordo Activity TyP w of “SamP S No ● Control SamPIQs in Cisint 9rations Lv5rag2 itantj2 ● e ● - per Eo s con $amples P r Rang 9r m ash Skin C-4 85 1 86 --- --- lood 0-2 09 0 5W --- --- 5 28 7 19-7 39 25 2 7S-8 S9 4 69 G 55-6 40 4 JI 1 51-6 25 2 -6 29 5 51 --- --- --- --- 0-6 15 3 39 --- --- 0-7 22 3 21 3 93 --- --- --- 6 10 --- --- I C5-7 Q6 V 41 --- --- 1 q3-Li 2 2 84 --- ---- 1 04-7 22 4 57 5 3 9-6 Gl 1 98-V 75 3 23 6 4 3-6 21 1 91-5 86 3 37 I 1 63-3 2 3 97 6 3 ls-3 k3 5 39 --- --- 3 52 --- --- 2 1s-s 40 4 15 --- --- 1 1 s-3 05 i 21 0 35-5 s1 3 91 0- 34 1 53-7 37 2 00- 83 C-6 70 6 1 3W q 2c 8 7 2 --2 G2-7 17 2 2 -s 20 C-3 47 2 01 13 0-2 44 0-5 1 1 39 5 0-17 3 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 7 7 s “9 4 75 3i APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE If 3 was it such At the zted with tional light on Pf should be cate that active from of of future the fission materials such materials are a cattle on small seem as that soil available not ccntaminthat addi- mammals may throw respect justified at plant for appli- hcped with and drawing are is cattle not permit are It on time readily would explanations four work so found inv stigations until 3 2 which above cattle condition phenomenon traces dQes “’5 paragraph exposure tliat these materials postponed See av silable Additional problem ‘a’dsimil’ kio’n only says rad iczctive mals to this studies the tir e indi- assimilation by ani- z 3 17 Since UE some it of Gbscrved have tissues It matter uraniuri also of the for in Lef re this part to met oc s resent ill 3 13 data cOrlt fc’r inln t tl e lOr ini2jority of of locfilitics three which onimfi be samples stun 11 ‘lIle IS animals shoving which area within The area outside Nest of E lis Sore Of the reference birds oii e$feci l at be tlfe of of crater Lut 2 frcrii lose of livof Trinity Area may be occurring have to be Further is to is timp and Ictiviti s in which in relztion II 111 were activcompleted wc rk lest is “by shis f-iivals IY also the plutonium to and ac- Cn y t e Jegrde indicate collected tlje from”one zctivity Cllce adjsccnt to aFI roxi mately ttte animal activi- extent highest of the activities t jose radioactive that will Tables ra- possible naturally discussed in significant Lateral Ioint known the isotopes rzdicactivity The given are ‘fl e area scme and of radioactivity evaluated act can aS this pot ssi presence radioactive the prcgress contamination data 1 The net of by contain constituents normal from I OW in the normal quite plants or is b tue n is experiments 9 - 3 is to all rzdiurn the satisfcct crily these R l tionship It entire y even due presence series wt ether in the or deterxine these to that and can used likely dcc as ‘1 animals work factor rcq ired be the d itional seem be tissues Furtheritic re reported thorium in ohser ed ity also plant must e ement been would night activities this recently and cG nted of anima 1 and that known isctope cErhon ties is the dic ctive the which the y f’ r the are nh a’lej 3 single but data amounts this but of no effect obtained accumulation ing in significant data some time survey a all concerning The s ed br essentially eliminate present be -e be u avai aole J smal 1 mainrnals the” to s ’ ’ to was able conclusions cable as for was 3 16 ing form Exposure excretion zny a suggested ve tiai rfa $ in elready rsdioact’i the @ crater to fence 1 5 miles to the transect frOn CooPer ’el s APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE were collected et a APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE more extended range of bixdk ‘to n ‘ omp r son ‘clio ie inall c$i’tkd mammals and reptiles 3 19 Although significant associated the no with regions nina s case the all of suggests chance to the the the though slight latter in areas of not als yet the s lall of to Evidsnie insoluble tracts of irrespective of This the be attributed materials find scme that all t ere even animals of pure- incorpo- activity in active the con- materizls for The r aximum 6 5 x 10-3 north cover of ecolcgy of Siolcgical velues the SM211 in in the of Sylvilagus the be 1 2 x entioned miles west the rea some might be tr ct specinsn znd 1 4 hut near in this rcgzrd of Ljt’ci aJ 2 are of x t le t at lo- a number This collections t ie frcum crater controlled is possible of by that significance cbtained 1 this iitdicat es does t le digestive aot seem to alp stris lizard to be a cp roxilnately collected microcuries northwest that intervals indctc ir d qaivalent the of including area within data tocoris 10-3 of through at animals chmges evidence passing occurs less one It food However that or ‘ e materi- a number apparently vailable are one one at colli cted also re ion animals fence crater plant over paucity place no of of any ares taking digesti e for microcuries the small damage population devastated Trinity the ten in the 402 Surveys number out spread to of studies large usually Hazards rather a by materials but histolc gical collected and the c f radioactil e sor e radiation as is total indicate lthough the a would were In cf Field handicap jed plant study 4 ar ogc rdo animals animals study the lrocess cfintlriuo’us collected In involves 1948 cc’nclusions also a were few areas yrars’ respect a any by several s culd activities cannot presence detailed genera was reestablis ifient mile the collections several control and Survey only survey the some of field permit reinvasion 3 22 of result to uncontaminated it h to From th t purp se of insufficient after cbtained this a As of been 1947 for representatives the time and active probable D smag undertaken in calities fence some the Aspects studied hase food proportion activities materials expect is of apparently small locality levels which in would at one of food however co ogical were any a significant radioactive It adiation has preserved 3 2 show during evidence have in are only show contamination one animals tract collected gross regioti of of small significant animals would vld$nc “ animals one uptake the contaminations show case all in collected ingestion digestive 3 2O any surface the taminated in animal continuous In greatest animals periodic rated of contamination that ly the collected did degree activities for crztcr ta one one specimen fence It stansburicna ‘ e c ’ oritain d ‘- ’-” ’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE $dtd Gf 6 7 X 10-3 ‘ ‘ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ ”’ ’ ‘i 4 J$t w a ● microcuries for the ent y Froni ards arising less than sence above from 0 01 of $ of da ’ the ● $ s r z n a 1 i r e passage of relative to the no estimate can be any animals collected ● ● radioactive frequency and as to in the the ti 4Cti FlED ● c ‘tfie’ io ogic’a the through insoluble made S ● th ’qu’e” ion’ f a ris s intermittent microcuries dzta prccess sure the c “$ “ 3 23 8 kaz - digestive trzct materials duration of total the occurrence internal A amogordc In cf of radiaticn rea abthis expc- Furthermore no sPe- cific inftirmation Therefore until volving to found must available for remzin concerning laboratory detailed continued those ards is exposure of field animals which ‘isc tcpes investigaticr s animals to the low are can lev eIs question be of of involved completed activity in- ccmparahle prcbable biological haz- unanswered SUN JARY 3 24 @f a of Field Surveys$ activities all Alamogordo and amma Evidence mall accunulsted anirals We have the was maximum activities to hiph soil regir n sA w significant insoluble and of case f r total the failing 19 $8 beta background when level present in digestive the tract Furthermore tc primarily did reach a maximum all from cf the arecs finimals of from re a- any ne nctivity a parent y invclves thrgugh i rocess tlhis collected c f materials the accurnu ation low arid animal were no times with tissue very f er levels radioactive twenty 1947’ values exclusil’ely always the that actkvity of in cc ntanination duration under alrncst during significant indicates nimals activity collected showed these far microcuries active ni gal of were t ive y 3 27 38 oril indication 0 01 A t3cugh animals associated substantial equivalent small thus nc 3 26 402 total ccnnot the e the intfir mittent di estive pnsszge tract deter ined on I e he bosis of of fr que lcy avsi able atR 3 2 Xo samples able si rjificont of iffercnces tissues samples of frcm tissues tl e in jctivities cows purchased frc m in co’Jld the the Chll a era Los fGU d Le csa ngeics Area arl l frum et cen 519 ccmPer- civilia-n scurces 3 29 Due tO ’- le cgurdu tivity presence t e ‘ rea levels or ICW and no ehsence levels tt e nbsence cc nclusicn c f cf biclcgica activities cf can found controlled be t - e nimals laboratory at reached haTards in in this the d ita tiine APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE fc r concerning contcminrtted frcm arees the such the ac- 1 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE J“ ‘ e ● ● - 1 JC ’ t 4 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE e 4 I This section determination of materials above and were Biological extent to factors objective which plants influencing of the had Survey were its function accumulating the group 24 primary In process this plant as following the radioactive addition to secondary the prob- alsoinvestigated 1 Region the the the primary lems of Fvidence or appearing 2 Factors of direct irradiation in their descendants c amaSe in plants in the Trinity Trinity influencing reinvasion the enllnal Role of plants in the metabolic SamPling assay at readily were esctr mede prepar tion one part of the In as Field of of contaminants to the Field % 2 14 3 cycling s EXPERIMENTAL devastated Zegion 3 c l the of site Localities eight ensra regions at so and that addition herbariu n the collected Plant soil were samples a comperiscsn plants were of collected their collected for rac iGlogi- radioactivity for cculd classification be a d specimens 4 11plznt given on specimens be uw’ the can be located with respect to 1 S ries ecomn issafice intervals P OCEGURES Ger era see paragrcph Fleconnaissznce APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 2 25 Survey 3amples for con- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘ 25 gste on the soil profiles north side was profiles of arveyvs taken samples of Banch Within all of a the as to 15- grass shrub point referexce 20-foot radius and of tree s series each of were species of these col- lected collected along the Control 8 calities which Sampls tive materia s were divided Other are roads Peqion These reported in were Tops 2 w been In the paragraph see north south plants were subsequent an lccalized into la Arsa running Pr aration 4 Y had Agricultural Claunch 7 tops a fcl owing and to specific Crop west of collected paragraphs aht empt in 2 7 of determine parts the were Claunch from a number this report whether Gf p ants or grass of lo- not radioac- samp es they fractions the ‘green upper stubs the leaf sheaths dead stems aiId portion and the the inflorescence basal portions frcjm previtius years’ which the cut Y Old stubs old Old roots a y roots plants were also divided and attached into leaves from to old the fractions as that some dead stetms indicated ic or growth rhizomes subsequent par- agraphs 4 5 Preliminary hering to reduce this contaminating nfished with zgitation rltl tilled mill using 2 zs’ by the plant the ind increasing surface the nd T is the to particles zshed 600eC all 3000 plant at fOOO ‘ ra shing in counting from scccnds for APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE mAerosol” ground icscrihed To were solution szm les ad- activity materials 8C°C -re iously or ilarticles thorough For hours for soil observed After overnight t we ve the detergent removed modified to the dilute procedur’ was time a dried for general I rocedure counting in of to a minimum were were et contribute scrubbing frsctions equi ment 2f factor soil fin l y might and vislb e water and indicated experiments in dis- a ’ iley 0 50@-grzm see outside inci-ezsed p ra r i ks the Crat tr accurzcy ‘ ’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ’ f 4 7 in results T of tables nin ‘aL le as XI able r aciiologic l assays of plant 1 beta cnd gsmnz acti ity in the materials in the are summarized plants from uncontam- areas Total XII C O 4r follows To ontrol inated the beta and gamma activity plants from the Ge l- onnaissance k le 21s he of XIII S1S e XV with n nitidu able able and gamma activity in p ants from the termin- beta fence of the XVI XVII and the beta Trinity znd fence of Total i’eta gamma the qa ma Trin ty and activity in F egion along ectivity in tt - QZ gam fia activity the ash radii the along T-O ash ar d T-9 I grasses T-180 Corzsfier zm of radii in Coris errlum of and from T-270 the Primary al ng Later- Lize Total beta and gamma cti ity in the P1ants ft 2 able of Totel Tc ta P efcrence Trahse al the within ‘ail beta Laterals ‘able nitidu Tots arvey the able XVIII Gate l’IY Tote beta and gamma activity in the trees and irubs Series Total beta and gamma activity in crop I lants 4 s ‘ 1 I I - - - - L ---- “’- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘ ’ “ -” - - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Agricultural Crops Activity Locality Las in dis sec gm Plants Cruces 4 “Cotton Fibers Bkg --- --- 6 83 --- 9 20 Oening I 14 Cotton Fibers 4 05 2 82 7 53 7 13 9 miles Crater SW af 1 F as wheat % f 7 69 1 36 1 26 3 00 g7 7 9 5 74 Covina Calift Oats youn plan San Cal Oimas if oats s Brcssica campestris 7 7 miles Cabazon 5 c ll s lannlng Sw E of Califo Oats of Cal if fiheat Barley youn plan Peas and locality 2 Th5s 7 W 2 --- 8 02 --- 3 75 z --- 9 52” 10 02 2 --- 3 61 2 Chaff Cilaff U Pods 8 19 9 75 2 91 9 65 9 67 5 72 5 68 5 12 3 87 % 7 15 7 59 9 46 ----7 1 1 4 45 1 7$ 1 36 Chaff 3 85 S 45 5 23 8 UI 3 72 i 73 0 97 3 36 ----‘-- ----‘-- ----‘-- ------- 3 12 --- --- - --- 2 U2 --- “-- --- Sulsola Califo 1 s5 s qark W lsavcs brznchlsts 014 I a”#ss br r chlsts ’ ocd arstow --- 10 3 youri plan 9 87 2 s Brassica canpestris ash pcsttfer wh at datts are w rs for grown I aves at and th project stems ● ✎✎✎ in corabinsd soil ccllsct d as ●✚ ✌ ✎✎✍✚✎ 1 - a ✜ ✎ - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE et single ✌ ampl ✚✜✌ s $ this “ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE t ference I I 7 5 to 27 on i e$ P S point Activity Rangs dis s c gm of Background ast of San i3ntoniQ st of 9ifl h m o’ ash to 6 7 Oslo tO 11s6 1 69 tO 10 75 380 2 to 13 35 U S miles 380 to SO milss on S 54 10 north of Carrizozo go to 9 34 2 s to 10 2 4 66 to 10 16 1 2 to 7 0 2 1 to 5 3 15 5 22 west Of claun es miles 42 und south ron Claunch 33 v J tO on to 3 7 2 5 miles miles ast south of of 7 miles Claunch on w st and M 161 10 7 10 II 7 to 25 mi s south of Gran quivira f 4 $ “ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE r“-- - UNCLMSIFIFD 1 _—— — — —-— — — ———— -— — — —— ___ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Table TOTAL RETA AvD CCMI SFWMW TRINITY lJ2r FAM A KI IDL Af ACTIVITY 1$ 71i E AS I 1 TI I N TEE REGION ALONG Radius T-9C csnt XV RADII T-9G FE ICE OF OF Ttt E t$ D T-27c Radius P r C rlt T-27o Lctivity ash ash 10 9 --- --- 10 0 Il 6 3 6 11 9 iq 1 65 5 10 s 0 2 129 7 Iq o 14 6 36 3 13 2 II 7 37 8 1 3 0 11 9 26 8 13 S 12 3 21 2 14 9 dis ssc r 11 9 10 5 9 04 13 3 Q 44 12 g IC C5 13 1 12 L15 f 7 5 i Ic s APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Activity in dist s cc gm y yJ Tops F t Point Stubs ash old soots 4 s30 Sporobolus airoides 5 s 3 9 --- 77 Q 5 23 2 9 96C 4 48 14 7s0 19 720 V 22 3 13 Z gq 2 i --- 10 08 3 airoides airoides 5 22 i 78 4 airoides 4 21 2 66 5 24 6s0 Sporobolus Sporobolus Sporobolus Sporobolus airoide5 5 02 2 159 4 3’4 4 U7 4 88 --- U lenber ia 29 580 6 6 3U 510 7 7 8 9 9 UrenQcea 7 85 3 34 V 46 9 26 2 17 2 62 4 17 4 Q 5 7 2 4 2 44 eriopoda gracilis 2 22 5 06 4 35 5 9s 3 92 1 26 2 62 4 46 7 8 1 7 2 13 5 07 04 5 17 3 22 3 s7 2 99 3 04 --- 0 q76 3 62 2 66 3 77 2 59 3 45 1 s5 Q Z2 4 9 3 33 4 93 2 93 gracilis 69 160 sporobolus Krightii eriopoda Bouteloua Aristida 15 51 660 5 160 ISA 90 660 16 95 150 154 39 66C 17 17s 04 160 0 3 560 3 96 Eozateloua gracilis Bouteloua graciiis $Juhlenbergia Torreyi Bouteloua 77 160 5 s8’ 6 5 8 72 - 59 160 14A 6 4 ----- 3 46 12 14 2 53 59 3 69 54 220 72 E60 2 42 --- 3 73 4 62 Y9 300 13 13fi 2 65 3 2 64 4 1 4 32 10 11 13 5 36 V 42 Sporobolus airoides Triodia pulchella kouteloua gracilis sporobolus contracts Bouteloua Bouteloua 13 arizonica tihlenbergia setifolia Bouteloua eriopociu 4ristida Fendleriana Bouteloua grticilis Bouteloua gracilis Spcrobolus neclleyi 4ristida Fendlcriana 130utelouc eriopoda Yuhlenbergia Tcrreyi 5 54 7 4 5 35 18 1 1 3V 2 6 $ 53 3 V 7s0 ---- --6 26 ---- - 2 3V 2 5 56” --I 7$ 0 335” 3 gq 4 288 7 62 I 73 6 71 --- 3 71 5 64 5 37 IJC34 12 61 10 72 9 07 14 53 1 73 33 GI C ia 12 2tl 10 79 13 ia 17 31 15 39 9 C3 3 01 5 2 n 4 -r 34 IQ O3 - 26 25 --- 21 30 CC 10 ”77 7 53 21 27 s7 q sp 22 224 21 IC 33 11 16 22A 5 25 Ic’ iy 23 23A 16 53 $ $6 IGA 12 t6 I 00 20 13 09 16 6 3 5 ia 2CA of Old 1 5 stubs t ew C ot$ N W and old stubs conbinsd 2 7Q APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 62 S 12 24 C5 13 5p APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ● ☛✌ Activity Point 0 5 4ristida glauca Sporobolus airoicfes Sporobolus airoides 4risticia glauca ScleroPo on brevifolius Bo telouG rio oda 0 6 SPDrobolus 0 0 0 1 in cIis f evl Rsf rsnc 0 2 0 3 0 4 ToPs Stubs 2 75 2 52 4 64 2 61 2 67 5 02 --- 15 3 38 5 04 VO13 6 9 s c gin old stubs 2 37 2 33 91 2 of ash Roots 2 91 3 90 3 98 1 6q 5 5 7 34 --- 7 15 W 57 0 75 5 92 --- 3 13 eriopoda Sporobolus airoides Scleropogon brevifolics Sporobolus airoides Aristida glauca ADorobolus Veaileyi Triodic pulchella Sporobolus Yeclleyi Sporobolus airoides Porteri uhlenbergi ‘ Sporoboitis ciroides 4ristida glcuca Aristida glcuca 6 18 9 98 - 5 19 5 36 --- 8 7 --- 9 0 1fjo57 --- 3 44” --- --- 2 6Q 6 51 9 53 --- 9 s8 --- I 8 Sporobolus 7 OI % 15 2 6 Sporobolus 6 46 2 2 Sp lrobolus 52 -- airoides Loutelouu 0 7 0 8 9 9 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 Aristicia 2 6 Irlcluc s Fntir Incltid s airoides airoides oiroides ir i te glcucu Uristida lor7 iseta old 26 0 32 7 22’” 5 07 - 6 01 --- 6 52 q 3 5 --- 4 C7 --- 5 %2 --- 62 - 3 3 ‘n 3 54”” 3 g cuce Spvr F’cl Is ristida 9 1 4 3 3 e2 I 7I and 13 2 i2 37 12 8 V V3 - 5 21 17 27 9 3 --22 2 7 6U 1 - ---- --- --- --- --- --- --- 2 1 ---- 2 59 ---- $ I st bs $ ubs 9 3 --- f 6 I 52 - plant old 75 roots APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ctivi y O q plant ‘w Juniperus --- pd w Crowth Recent growth Old r growth R srk Duff r ia Young “ c @ “Fat O z mi EC ash 0 9 nit 9 69 --- $ 77 g 33 9 55 13 2 31 7 79 0 41 6 1 1 15 1s 7 65 1 4 9 7 06 8 3 11 93 16 6 52 6 14 35 %0 39 7 11 20 5 5 19 25 22 2 3 9 29 3 16 35 2C 3 27 8 29 7 17 75 62 6 3CI 2 lanata tjld r stems st ms woody bas and Poots A triplex W of monosperma R rri s mi in dis sec gm lsavss ccnescer s 10 89 7 21 q 25 52 0 Pinus edulis 12 7 47 7 Coldenit hispidissima 51 0 52 3 7c APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE E APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘4 Soil Locality Plznt mi TyP 3 62 2 Omi i 3ni S E 2 0mi0 l smi S E Sor hun S t4ilo Z omit 2 0 i --- 6 26 7 50 1 35 2 c6 3 03 S Jzrretts Roots Activity Corn Jarf ttS 72 0 L v s Miscellaneous Activity d s g ICI 1 3 1 93 2 15 4 05 4 Z3 5 15 a $7 E - Y ‘ - 0 9 - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE 37 Plant 4 8 collec ed from the Atomic First tivity Romb found data considered with respect were in spacing of factors that the 4 9 ty by the a a factor Mojave 10 plants samples of the who demonstrated the in concentrations the plants from of Dimas crop the activi- 13arstow and Cabazon were approximately in which transfer amount of activity k iller a later series pctassium and ac- parallels cites of and berries plants in leaves of of shift and and If backof juniper activities ‘ 1 meris tem the a consideralde location soil plant elements increase rLature Hartt the the an San This by are in @f i plants shifting to fruit It is perhzps evident other plants collected being area Table XIII have talien m re the err extent to S FITT all from which plant which 41GPA710w on pltnts SOWC of nc t in ErFECTS S$I soil hzve hcen OF the 0T 5Sl side activity are on forced to use this of 5 0 figure is furnisites a ccnt rnineted area ha ’e UV IJPOXTME PPYs15L I ROWTP OF 9 399-451 the SUGAR the basis c ata for CANE 1934 APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE MD we of c n grasses pic iec the contaminated dis seC W hzsed and activity for these Frum it PL NT tif 40 A to data perimeter figure due the bcckgrcund the While high CONSTITUENTS we the arhitrari y the some evaluating pl ts’frcm en rncy less show In background sc mewhat will cc ntaminated d ata or plants jaterials activity nGrinel shc uld AWO that radioactive time 1 shown proper aS in show cclntaiacd show which background Covina shown Brassica increase exception 6ther first potassium uncant minated from been we the ac- bomb minerals of plants the the available to of the have of plants fall-out by as plant in discuss samples traces structure as data tend this and fruiting These the would The various potassium have for with are affected two the to not nutrients over growth from fertilization cultivated parts or with that samFles of the XI to three ash seed of fcbund 4 1o as ar flush Table other California of movement the these The a all to authors of in cf tivity They from structure arewas K O found necessary other possibility contribute in dis sec gm the the two Desert fruiting youn of be which in also parts will competition among also may Various in radioactivity contamiriated plants areas increase is series in increase There thorium from crop to t e been it pIants miminizing may have summarized proportional ground to cultivated plants considering Detonation$ in been grown Before known have so - % areas levels These” pack roundc zsh and esti fiating up U ON the radioactivity 7 f AESCRPTIO ‘ ’x’ ‘ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ly growing pzrts with s ematic tissue zs a n“ tcral Background higher C“ Ied T plant ES more well as protein fruits of These becomes dfi a a higher available content and considerable types may be vcrious values for plant by on or any expected background more of merito may the show be modi- following points 1 It may have 2 An additional to be loxered particularly for mature vegetative tissues radioactive their isotopes normal frm the re resents ash estimated paragraph has the been the level the line and backgrc u d f c xtcut t t if that ecti ity z tivitics iri been cent mede a more the or available a portion of radioactive of the Flants of the dry weight of ash is equivz ent In the get a general detailed of ma- this area the above to Table Cenerai about meter idea over of the cf ash T e p ant as cbGve detzil of as the gave sam- data activities particularly in in areas other These level a more In these of sarnp es well extent plant results samples this after the soil mapping zsh Some Re ion of survey the A detailed XII Eeconnaissznce radiological analysis reater values detailed will study of ccm leted of ih in scil level is secO rn In Latsr21s cn hc survey rcdi lcgiczl finfir att rv Gf naturally-occurring exchznged survey activities t Fz ck scr ed o t in to W2S f i scussecl usin terr s per uivira T rminels plfi ts rcwifig to in Gran show tb this ten majority cc Lawin ti n zbeve LateraIs in t e i2S - terals nzjority dis sec gm discussed frc fi the radiological the drift material Flents thc ught the of that of in with for in or presence require made 5 0 the was summarized Region re crted 4 13 of replaced 2connaiss3nc5 would but is dis sec gm attempt collected shown S’irigham along an considered plant readings been have ot belcw the 5 0 $ensral ths which also analyses of dry 2 25 to were ples t e from contamination addition be of be by Since level be may approximately dis szc gm see plants fall-out activity Grassss to suppressed the 4 12 of in uptake teria s 0 5 factor of backgrc und were plants # d ata cf rf the sh p ragrzphs bzsis of t e 2 26 detci ed instruments SirIce mi ht activity collectod at RS su ur cr zc 4 the for “ - -— — “s s it termina s of T lc t lese $ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE sI Irvey accumulate perimeter cl rcunc r-tci 37 plznts in $ J w’ Jyy j@ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE b -i Survey has shown qegion has the frcm this The results r dii of all the highest ere might of have that the been be Crater are still in Crater the activities wfi ile the and from of in general to of It results is the Trinity at can along once outside those within the ash ’ ithin the the not four apparent therefore of as ectivity plants below increese plants of znd dis sec gm these in instruments center well lcve interpretation fence surve ’ N’ the activities 5 0 the significant u tzke of representative XIV feet showing te d Final show Tables 300 within by ane yses than above area meesured to radiological crater the zs exFected fzrther actual L’ that activity sumrrierized pl nts prcjaci ed Tuble See center be made is ap- until these values have been reditiective 4 15 lected parts for ther corrected materiels r ss s along frOm the as previously these samples s mmarized 1 for in th the the plant primzr described are as given far nc Rtiferer ce see in of the aatural ly-occtirring ash Transect Transect Frimery concentration paragraph detail in Lina Line were L 4 Ta e The These data Points I to 17A iiost of the samples APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE from five assays XaY follows R fersncs col- into radiological ill XVI grasses subdivided these be fur- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE fixed to 4 i8 Tr the indicate old in more the rrraterial arid Shrubs that found dezcl of activity the well majority cf prowth older th Harvey above the and the data of Table Xl lII of fron this Further- shows more activity larger the branch of analyzed usu211y The diz sec gm level sa mp es bark Ser S ets 5 0 region ash the thzn wes younger -1 The growth surfnce since available t 4en ti e fcr @ Croir to The the A 1 inated ccntr l areas Jarrett Regions Table the results more thzt found 4 0 on the su gcst be is no the the of activity tcrmina s of adaquete y material 11X bears of XI the at data that with shows that zssay of these crop is no of of the from from the activity of as radioac- uncontcm- Claunch significant groups well fall-out plants crops two the time bark as a herence the from there between the for fall-cut the of out present comparison Tafile time more and difference plants found in Further- in the soil and the date mzy plsnts The Sc rle also the the the plants far so asszyed for activity be fcllo s 2S frcm at re ati6nship basis 1 ants radiological in urflm ri ed from of there the evidence p ant Plants that contamination wind material k suggests evidence fctund the evaluated plants Latera s uncontaminated cti ity in “areas Sbere until tf e is in n tura a more the froiil the Ceneral Reconnaissance ccmpsreble to that found majcrity of the samples bec kground detailed sttic y Eiut of APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE these in values bzckgrcund and the few Others cannc t ssmp es APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE t ““e ● ir th natural ly- cc’lrrin re icective materials APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE -- - 1 ” ““ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE eto ● i e% ● ik s TIJ lgqg AREAS 140 I IoLCGI lO O lCAL IN KEN FlpST t EY lCO ATOMIC 59 AFFECTED 130 48 GEVERAL CAL BY SURVEY OF Tiil DETG 4ATION SUM 4ARY APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE ‘i ● % 5 1 Faslly first atom and e- ” snding measurable Jomb detonation roughly erts oi south-cent a ucts t he except a junts at and of cre i n any near the for fall-out found more exico ofie radioactive still northea i Xew found The piece present to crez e continuously in permits 5 2 The the of this grazing activity out over ies of Here area t lere is near the from present sc ir e report ant the 1 nts attribute to such aver includes r d ct re Ss ecizlly iicve nc r r2diunctivc ● a - - still that about with remain 145 a few acres until point t lan samewh t excep- directi n deton tic n spotty per in tu as Cver any and hour increased the other readings much iew skin the the at as 6 5 enou h fenced-in surfzce rump in for their APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE cf the snd the that and 2ny t l ere vagar- during err art end night “burns” jresent fajl- fternecn material back the that n tcrials uring Joints cf elevation rac’ia ctive over great accumulation increased area e ncugh the is things t lis t e as higher hair the small radic activity living des- prod- relatively radioactivity su erficizl not are in is near was outside still are of indicating ata the fission general from the or white wide ces and c f in varial rles produce 0 ml es acrcss enclosing mi li-ruentgen plfi tl- ere spc ts fission few detonation area in 0 1 co fencs miles fall-out to shc wers this tqIliJTIC l cf a esa t e resulting r l n in ertainly c v er radi cctive a ted hour currents This than area steadily a%ount The less Uupadtira period there Crzter unre seneb e fall-out larger a miles evough and 20 ten the animaIs northeastward some not air out runs smaller reacLed per the and some from radioactive hezzrc rezson is fo lcwin drift vzry is b is diminishes e ning tled r picnts of this of activity milli-rc ent ens It area by Vesa except 5 3 pre timpticn are hundred amounts point strong Sets-garama Chupadera place only 1 lne the of the access tions a a throughout Zetonaticn an than in remaining set- cattle grzzing concentrations in the most the ccntamin- Crater p rt tissues a ’ of 4 Aree tc inacccs- ch t the p p ---- t’ - ’ APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE presumably part soil remaining places 5 6 e are not fission to being know products it about the in for of what what rates it th”y are exposed information in are will be of s 7 In addition kept in mifid our The collection well plants as Study and ill data essential sffect 3 bomb the fact the of rainfall years ‘ ater and before 7 zones with the that the dilution and chemical activity and next the rates and of in that is desert certain useful to nOthat not or Ii ring dtist at where T e have no contaminants of area a and histcry agricultural tasks man animals metabolic to te do radioactive and of distributed znd the t is lush it states so il wind-blown plants the the in animals of to in principal large the c f area reader fission areas other objectives have been perscnnel of to of different of tf e data Atomic Energy repopulation cf Military and efense organiza- Commission tile dev st tcd part of the Crater Region animals Individual and a arent be tc the nutaticn “%at products po ulation resp nse to antinuous tzx osure tO IOU’ irradiation beta-gamma It tive to 2 5 3 its very training ss all the and where of histGry peculiar of be The 4 level mindfuI or amounts metabolic of OW plant-root downward tissues considerable the number physical present the conditions 1 3 by the well naY on in environment equally products tions yet the awere the of characteristics percolate are accumulate a remaining soil will plutonium to as preser t We may the the the between amounts kn w be by-wind about responsible products because others much very fission the may re-distributed relationship -’$ich that reach ing 6 area products concentration yet dust the fission znd do wind b own pecullar materials some ‘ the the long-life active Y of conditions from this report inter retaticn rate are tlie in in what a as considerable be n f und amount in t e Gf t le field nd lants u -teie plcr ts’ of that snd cc ncentretion stor ge rates f redic’ac- - a’ct’e ’f’c ’rs ● APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE “ f ce f 1 - - y p — - ’ - - APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE Fixation 5 secondery neutron re ease of these of c iain reactions matcria s fi sionab e by various from the materiels soi as types various soil well including types by 2s a products tudy ion-exchange of of the resc- tions F 6 Leaching 7 Determination of radioactive of the soils chemical as anc a decontamination physical properties 4 - - - -- APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE method cf trinitite