ijCsL-A cSk pfe ecX c Vu ftr i U-f LUi Vj 'Pt2 mvC ' ornlo LD_ •'•QSk Co i Xk t dj 3 iS Dv zX IV 0 4 M$f 2 z KAd • yJW _ vi t j J 'M b ubrdt I lA kjL n p a H £ p £ C U- K - gj-AZ-d P OCLA — lo- J u- l d c0«4 h A Po- -e O iS M$ kai ry 2vp £- d zM o- i-0 5±U#LA c f t v r v x i Do2 h 24 £ UL Z Oo i A£A-£» V • dO f hiCt j- I C 3 T W S £ OT -P 2 7- - 2Y H I f c u PVi r U fn t wc J 0 t-fi £ 1 Io II 13 X IH Uo n i y if M 3J 3 _ 33 3q 35 3i5 3 b x 3 1 cypa kn 2- ' y 2 ABSTRACT Plutonium has been found in soil and plants collected from various locations along the line of Fall-out for at least a distance of eightymiles j-ron the fenced Area Trinity Alair ogordo New Mexico The plutonium concentration in soil outside the Fenced Area increased with •Jistance from the Crater the maximum is at twentv-ei ht milec fr vn 7cm Alpha activity was not found in roden s collected in and around a activity was found in bone liver and con rem the Crater rind the renced Area in August 19U9 varied from a minimum of back' ' round micrograms plutonium per cubic foot activity varied from back micrograms plutonium per cubic foot r a two-inch seven hour rain during the night when and the surface for miles around was 0 m u f J -LI'HA ACTIVITY DUE TO THE 19H5 ATCMC BCMB DETONATION AT TRINITY ALAMOGORDO NEA MEXICO An Interim Report INTRODUCTION Assignments of the Alamogordc Section Atomic Energy Project of the University of California at Los Angeles included the collection of data which would furnish a basis for estimating present and long range hazards to man arising out of the residual radioactivity laid down from the 19hS bomb teste Data have accumulated to date which may have medico­ legal implications For certain periods and locations samples cf air-borne material in­ dicate levels of alpha activity that are substantially higher than the - maximum permissible amount established at the Chalk River Conference •E«3EP This activity is presumed to be largely due to plutcnium The data also demonstrate the presence of plutonium in the sur­ face soil and in plant tissue Alpha activity has been found in the ro­ dents collected from Area 21 on the Chupadera Mesa It is the air-borne material however which because of its par­ ticle size ctTid level of alpha activity appears aj this time to be of greatest concern It is for these reasons that this brief interim report is prepared for the information of the to nic Energy Commission Minutes of the Permissible Doses Conferences held at Chalk River Canada Sept 29-30 19b9 3- T « »• w- -M EsiC' '•— •- ifill ' »%$• • i 0 -v V y u s • -• -JMaj •2 • • AMi u M'M 1 - - _ ' - • •' • - • • 7 ' Each soil sample was collected from the surface to a depth of on inch over an area of about two square feet Fig 1 was dried at 10 ° G for 16 hours The total sample A quartered sample of 100 grams was fractionated by sieving with the portion made up of particles of 2$0 mi crons and less in size used for assay cate using the TTA extraction procedure All samples were run in dupli­ The final extract was mounted in stainless steel dishes and co-anted for 1000 counts by the scintilla­ tion type alpha counter The results reported are the averages of the duplieste samples ounc in sanples coll ed alon t arty-five to Table I rL'JTONIUi IN SOILS AT THE PRIMARY TRANSFC REFERS 'CE POINTS AFP SCtP FALL-OUT BOUNDARY SAMPLES ampxe Location Lateral # k i ti 12 q f18 20 21 #22 #23 At Left At Reference At Right Boundary Point Boundary Micrograms plutcnium per gram soil — — i5 a x 10 x 10 12 9 x 10 20 5 x 10 6 2 7 1 10 3 x 25 7 x l c 3 X 5 2 3 x 29 3 x 71 8 X 162 0 x 190 0 x 19u 0 x ICC 0 x iq-6 ioi 10 10 10 10 f 10 1C £ 10 10 - 6 u 32 x 10-6 31 0 x 1C 3 15 x 10 6 20 7 x 10 6 Per lateral location see Detailed Lateral Radiological Survey L'ar inside back cover UCLA-32 The 191 8 Raciological and Biological Survey of Areas in Mew Mexico Affected by the First Atomic Bomb Detonation able II gives the amount of plutonium found in samples cf soil and plants collected en the Chupadera fcesa in 191 7 and 19 r C See Figure 2 for locations Since the half life of plutonium is very long 21 100 years it is assumed that any differences between the samples collected in 191 7 and 195fi can be attributed to such factors as weathering diffusion erosion etc Samples of fresh cow feces were collected in 19U7 on the Chupacera Mesa east of Cooper ' Veils see Alamogordo Report cf 191 7 Survey Soil Section p 11 Table 6 for beta-gamma values these same samples i s given in Table I I I The plutonium content of Table II PLC ONi jy IK SOIL AND PLANT TISSUE PIC Tj-E QHUr ADERA TsTa Sample Location Year Sample Celiac tec Plants Tops Surface Soil Bry Material -icrograr s plntcniun per grar From Ar a 21 along Trap Line on Ridge in Junioer # 1 # h 0 7 #13 1950 1950 1950 1950 175 C183 0 190 o0 2h9 0 x x x x 1C -6 10-° IC 6 1C 6 lh 7 x 10 —o 7 33 x 10 -6 Col2 x 10 6 3 51 x 10 6 -ron rea 21 - Profile Series on Bettor of Valley 21-A 21-3 21-C 195C 1950 1950 191 G x 10-6 352 0 x 1C 6 198 C x lO 6 l ii7 x 1C ° 3 81 x 10-6 'Tcni AE Series en Mesa i AE AS AS AS AE 1 2 3 33- 1950 1950 1950 19 ' 7 1917 55 7 x lc-6 169 0 x ic 6 50 c x 10 586 C x 10'6 297 C 69 h x IC 6 x IC-6 From Profile at Lateral #20 20—A 1950 161 C x IC-6 6 32 x 1C ° If 6 IC-6 10-6 IC 6 ic 6 x 1C 6 From Harvey Gate Series H G G H G 0 2 E H G C 9 E H 3 0 3 r 1950 19a5 19ii8 19iiS 308 0 117 C 117 0 196 0 x x x x 195C 1990 1550 1950 1950 117 0 16c C 102 C 69 9 33 7 x IC-6 x 10-6 x IC-6 x 10 x If 6 19U7 19l 7 E25 0 x IC 6 Prom Alpda Series Collection A S A S A S A S0 AoS H #3 #5 #23 In a cultivated field Ir grassland ajrprox 55 miles from Zero rom -R Series 11 5 #1 #2 2 proximately si renks of growtli 212 0 87 9 x 10 x IC 6 CHUPADERA MESA SAVPLING STATIONS JAHRT'-R RANCH 30 WILES F HOW ZCHO ftr T LATERAL 22 25 MILES FRGV ZERO' LATERAL 19 B LEFT '20 WL ES FROM Z£R£ T LATERAL LE LA1 ®V°- LATERAL 18 RIGHT L AT ERAL 17 RIG IT i i J 11 Table III F L •TONI1JV C ON Taj- T CI COrY FECKS COILKCTED IN 1 L7 Kicrograr s Plutonius Per Gra Dried Material Sample and Location Calf feces - 1 mile N E cf I esa Vater Tanks 5-79 x 10'$ Ccw feces - 1 mile N E cf v esa - 'ater Tanks 6 30 x lCT Bull feces - In meadow by 'cSa Vater Tanks Cor feces - 9o97 x 10-5 ICC yards S I of lAesa vVator Tanks 11 9 x 10 ov-tylo-Y O the'lar t t'°U Ir'lles east cf Coor2r Veils and are the pron­ to x s T'ire ° ner ° thB Ghulade i'esa - i T Harvey k are an estwated 1300 head cf cattle in this rereral t °' ' ' e rfuS 5 61- ° nerS «• • « coald »ot be obtained for P - Aj r-bcme Haterial sarins each of the Field Surveys one to several dust stems have teen observed in the valley where the Crater located „ These stores transported large amounts of fine soil great distances from one place to -c„ er ig 3 illustrates one of the smaller rain-dust squalls ap­ proaching the Crater from the westward Dust preceding the rain shower is carried tc elevations of several hundred feet covered a path six to ten miles wide This particular squall It passed over and northward of -e Cr ter disappearing over ti e Cscuro Escarpment 10 miles frcm the ater During the four weeks of August 1950 seven similar dust storms -sed C er or near the Crater The direction of the winds varied at - dor see letter from Dr 3ellamy to Dr Aarren dated August 22 1S50 appendix Air-borne material was collected with special continuous type air -r-ers These instruments previously described in UCLA-13 are a tficetion of the jet impaction method of air sampling Fig h I -- 3 _ 13 pr RAIN CLOUD ADVANCING FRONT f PRECIPITATION •DUST CLOUD' o_L5_i jAfisJ iCRATER •1 mile Fig 3 Dust and rain storm in the vicinity of the Crater - August lyf-'C -- sunt of air-borne material varies with such factors as wind riirec--- elccity and duration tUre of cay vegetative cover tyre of soil Nation amount and duration of rain relationships of these factors as t i D D J t e history el the area thp In these units a circular glass plate is • ted at a selected constant speed at a distance of 0 C20 inches from Jet opening The opening in the jet is C 5 inches by C C2S inches high efficiency at s all particle sices P6r d3y _' T e ° d ° V e r aS SOlected in crder 3 r e l 3 t i V e l y lar®e aroa that A speed of one revc- the material collected would be to allow assay of aloha activity and • c -copic particle size determination «r- -• • r ° --- Vvsr vxrft JpigSHi pfeSpHis ' r U v-V- •- ' A ' - • - - n - -- 7 - • -4 The counting of the glass plates as done c„ a edification of the alpha scintillation counter originally reported in UCLA-Up The glass disc is located so that the air-borne material deposit is C 0625 inches frOT thS SCree 5nd s e P a r a ted from it by an aluminum shield with a slit exposing 1 32 of the circular deposit Fig 5 terminations for separate periods of sampling This perr its alpha de­ The instrument has an average geoaetry of 27 and a background ranging from 0 7 to 1 0 counts per our The counting data have a maximum standard error of to samples having higher activity the error is much less 9 P er In cent for the 15rC collectjens After the alpha determination of the air-borne material of each selected sampling period particle sizes ere microscopically determined directly on the impacted sample The eights cf the deposited material ere determined on a semi-wrdcro balance to ar accuracy of one per cent in l ir Sampling stations ere selected so that areas of varying activities could be better represented in the final results and informa­ tion could be obtained as to whether or net the air-borne material origxrem tnr itite deposits Fenced Area Another station was located inside the Fenced Area 100 ' feet west of Zero Ixg p of the Three stations were ICO feet outside the The fifth station was located 0 6 miles west Primary Transect Reference Line along Lateral 2 Left 2 miles north of the Crater Fig 7 me alpha activity found in air-borne material in the Crater ReSien expressed as the equivalent of plutcnium is given in Taule IV tigs 8 _ if 4 inclusive and Appendix Tables 1 2 3 J and 5 A maximum of thirty-six hours was available for air-borne material ' sapling on the Chupadera Eesa in IS50 because of a -seven hour rain dur llmite'J Peri°d sche ale J r 1 for collections The results presented Sgsl r 16' able V Cr _ o a Z r c - and ' P ndi les 6 and 7 give the alpha ac- -—borne material collected in Areas 2C and 21 on the t -p a y J II the data obtained from the soil from which the dust applicable the activity in the dust may be presumed to be alpha activity from plutonium Fig 7 -rSiv'6Tr area o°rated °'6 t0 °-8 mileS west °f the Transect Reference Line along Lateral 2 Left neiQL9rto °f Crater- This area established ' to Geterrnine micrc-erosicnal effects ' G - Alpha Activity in Rodents All samples of animals were ashed t 600° c for eight hours and the cry powdered ash spread dishes for COuntirJ wxthout chemical separation of the alpha emitters °n scintillation alpha counters tal alpha activity jhe The counting was don The activity reported therefore is alpha ao tj s reported as Background Hkgd Vi C a r— i n 13 O crj C1 o C -ct 1 i • • oI H o -P N c •»-» CO o v v eg r— H J • • • zs c Pi Oi • 1 eg eg rH rH H C J H 1 P I o $-« r3 o Cu o r N oi l t -p i c— o- r— c— r— I t i l l C o H rH x o O O O C O r— ' t r t r t r t x l o x x x x x J c CM vO C 1H H f m to i o i G t' O •H u P o _ c i i o -H o o o o a -P r—1 rH -4 3 V M a l 1_r o — •rH G •H toi - o t I c-- Ono 1 I p O r—t I—I x x l o c- l I I O O O O O r— — H r lH x x x x x o CM CO o 0 vO o cc CC- rH c j -• rrH CM V_ -p I • —t 1 9 — 1 - — •— — O o -P — Vc rH -H H X5 c v cm •„ I I I O C —t rH XX c v t r o c 1 I e 1 CN r i 1 O C O C O rH •—t—i r-i r-i O » CM X X X X X 1 O rH c rH y X -a o r o c •• C-J • CM CM r - _cr f O v - c CiI f c 3 o § c c p r j c i_ CO •— o ---1 TJ O r O C «4 O •• ® » —1 o o c o o o c o • C O C • o • O I a cd o o ' ' o a •H -c o x rH —J P P n5 •H s CO G o 4_ ON ON VN C - O P CVJL vO CC i CM CO CNJ O- C O o o o c xo vr O O- O CM CM CM CM c -p i Oj -P O d 00 C -o -i-i O -P CM rH rH rH CM P H g 1 -U c- CO to rH -H G i-H •H P •H M 0 -p O V- O O C r-t n t CJ UJ CO CO O OJ C OJ c a g oo o CM c a ' 3 •H 4-3 rH rH zz o o rH c o •r- CO c Cr o i a 1 IM H t e i H 0 -J P c 3 -a o CO o c S ••o-p -4 o c e nj C T -r-i o — C tr OJ •r—4 T r i rHI o -u 1 Oj Ox r— o OJ NO C -XI TJ A A PJ ' to tii CQ r— o • CNJ XJ MC At G3 T3 tj -V x C ON • • N - CI CN A x x O —I O CNJ CNJ OJ • -G • CNJ TS r - NO C• W -V co • On XJ XJ tj A -a A X UN VA ca O o O• rH o • CO 0 O —Cj 1 - On CG CO -3 J -Ci Ml Oil CNJ CN C VN On On CM c t N • rj °j t-- Crl fa G- O cr 3 g a -TJ g o zz o n -1 J o N rH CNJ X O c -C o -O Cj -»-» s § cisr •rH i o t CM UN XJ CN X ON CNJ CN to At CO • rH 9 O NO OO • • • tj ' NO x X UN A to A r- rH CN a CN 3 G x U cm • o CM —' P» ii 2c Q x CO C3 u CO X X O G3 X O O -l E-H 1—J o CO • o 1— O r j V -G A X CC rH C NO rH i— X to _y UA • G CM Xto _y X tj tx X a x Ti 'J A' XI XJ 'IX A X XJ to A X XJ to 0 TJ t£ A X CN CO o o X — - to A CO • • i—1 CvJ • to c G G V • i—1 i— tj G G to N UN G •H Ov O C •H -P G G to A 0 Ov -H p ON f—l1 iO adito C Id cCNj o UN CO NO CO i—1 3 C •rH to •H fa o co X d •o A X tO At I ox G J o o-l-o - J X X3 to At GJ CNJ CN 2 3 1 n o A o at C CO AJ o CvJ O H Ei c O fcj _v a 1 - CO c c - • i—1 E« o t N On to o cv CN CO x to On n-T» NO o- ca CvJ CM f3 Ov XJ to At XJ CN -—- • a —0 -• On CO • NO NO CNJ H e CM UN NO • 'O to A a r— 1o AT CO CO r-CM -X CN c CN 1—t o • o I— h- o CNJ aT o M X £N 1—1 -p CO • Ov i I E 3 o o a o OJ 9 U• p G UN CNJ NO CO O CM -x AC aj o rH X CM CM • —X ucv • -J U' « G •rl CN CM 3 CO H E- O - 5 -XJ • UN rH XJ to At X o r-w_ CO c X1 t ' • NO CN X to A v u- G X 3 X -P cc a 6 ON OA o CO c 3 OJ a UN CM o3 CM cn T tO AS X -XJ oo OJ NO H • O •j v X o to A X UN CO a rH •H -P NO O 5 • UN rH -P O -P T3 U -P G o O UN G o o O O O -ri t2 o « f c O 13 - gg a 6 ' I O CN -XJ CN CN CO • X CM 1 1 C NO CO CO C a o A to U- 3 CM NO rH CNJ ca rH GJ G o cr o a I CO CN CNJ 7J I O to O Q •rH On no CNJ TJ W At CJ C G CJ to —• t- a -p OJ c •H OJ rH o G G c x £ O v»-« c o T C cO G O cd G C- G _i G O o G H it X 03 O 03 rH CC O O to t G G U -V—'' G •H P» — s O O 0J G c 3 G •H t —5 'C G 3 O G bC a o mc DISCUSSION Plutonium is present in the soils and plants Table II Alpha emitters presumably plutcnium are present in air-borne material Iron the Crater Region and the Chupadera tesa Tables IV and V Alpha ac­ tivity has beer clearly demonstrated twenty-eight to thirty miles away t _ Crater in tissues of rodents collected from Area 21 Chupadera K esa Table VIII Kc alpha activity was found in tissues of rodents collected from the Crater Region Tables VI and VII Plutonium concentration in soil is variable Maximum concen- trations of Plutonium outside the Fenced Area' beyond lj CO feet are ound approximately twenty- ight miles from Zero in the downwind trail of e 1H It is possible that a localized rain shower scrubbed a portion of the -cloud or seme ether vagary of the weather conditions were responsible for depositing the contamination in the pat -T S found in 19u8 UCLA-32 Soil fixing properties hive a direct rearing cn the availability - Plutonium Experimentation is in progress at this laboratory to quanti­ tatively establish the influence of such factors as clay type degree of ration saturation pH cation exchange and content of organic matter he importance of the valence state cf plutonium has beer demonstrated by acobsor and Overstreet Using a calcium saturated bentonite a common oil constituent they found that Putt IS fixed the most 9h 2% 0f the an°nalies is fixed the least This phenomenon alcne could account for Present in the soil-plant interrelationships ob- rved in the areas studied Table II •- --coosoi Louis and Ov •rstree'- »vjie r- a e rv r rP sstofSe 2 23— -O A WUI renceo Area d ich the maximum plutoniun was found in l SO oniuin are u ton in but ion of beta-par burvn ac -rgrour d separation techniques made po •ese sar ples r e a bings The samples were obtained using th - rc-suTiably contained a i cunts of Plutonic see Table I right and left boundaries as well as snail amounts of beta-gari-a activity when tested in the laboratory A precise definition of the Plutonium contaminated area is therefore dependent on additional and extensive sampling and assay Redistribution cf plutcnium in the area occurs constantly from winds and stores which could result in dispersal or concentration The amount and variety of redistribution can only be determined by repeated surveys ihe biological significance of the data presented in this report CanJ10t be evaluated at this time It is not possible under the present aicU ui URM5 61 the Field Survey to assess the potential hazard of the Plutonium found to the people and cattle living on the Chupadera Kesa I dS 1S n0t SUitable collection of field data on food ordin­ arily consumed by humans and no good study has been possible with cattle in the area There are many variables affecting the transfer of plutonium from the soil tc the plant Rooting habit fcr example must be an important actor where the activity is mainly limited to the soil surface In the area sampled some grasses are characteristically shaUow-laUral-rooted While others are deep rooted ' The quantity of plutcnium available to the root system of she plants sampled cannot be investigated in the field Icwever ur aer the desert conditions prevailing it appears that at least a fraction of one per cent of the plutonium available at the surface has been accumulated by the plants This occurred during only a 3ix „eeh growth period On July c 15 50 there was no grass growing on the fesa be­ cause of a spring and early summer drought Or August 16 lpfo the grass had grown only to a height of several inches rig 1 The chemical and physical states of the plutor ium contamination determine biological availability It is not ur lixely that the plutonium i J found is in the fera of a silicate - probably similar to th psill ''glass beads ur b outside the Fenced Area but in particle sizes equivalent to dust smoke or cg - - Due to the arid climate and ai slir e soil pH 8— c 7 these ticrosccpic silicate particles are as yet unable tc become a part cf th° soil solution in significant quantities Ve cuhering and erosion are physi­ cal agents which eventually will assist in rendering the plutcnium more soluble This is the first phase in the breakup cf any exposed silicate Chemical reactions occur in the second phase such as reactions with COp exchange cf cations or the clay and development cf organic matter • 'herefere more and more plutcnium cc-uld if come available to plants and subsequently tc animals using these plants for food hlutonitcn is present in feces collected fresh from cattle grazing cn the Chupadera Less near the V esa Veils in 19k Table III Alpha ac­ tivity presumably plutcnium is present in the tissues of wcori—rats hectoma s p trapped i n Area 21 Chupadera I 'esa i n 1 5C Table VIII -crjd 3 alpha activity was found in the tissues of twenty-six Kangaroo rats • • 7 • 7 T d ground squirrels trapped in and around the enced Area with few ex­ ceptions Tables 71 ar d VII The reasons fcr Le absence cf plutcnium u rats from the Crater Area are net clear particularly when rats col- SSS Ac c tec twenty-eight miles away show it in benes r usclc- and liver in goodly amounts Important factors probably are 1 the age of animals at • r e time of collection 2 habits cf animals with relation tc exposure to type cf focd consumed and to dust 3 the physical and chemical state of the active materials as they affect absorption There are no data to indicate whether the alpha activity found is m cumulative or has reached an equilibrium with respect to the animal's en­ vironment It is possible that when more plutcnium becomes available to the food plants the plutcnium content will increase in the ar Lmal ste fssg siti _ • r - M MM —t 3- A 3j-- fi activi tv rcrorf pr s _ • W p u e F ° r t e ° 1 —oorne -aterial 3 s presumed to ' -ur assumption is based on the fact hat • • Wm cCw o h t a ir-r crne « v - x i - w x r e ir air a4 l n a e s ror S-i i ' soil ' • H l W anoard man livinfJ i n t h g v J I ' e n c e o r e a could inhale ur 0 p c r - _g M c o r _ ' Sra-s of Plutonic t e - 1' • could h a v e 0 s — ' l c h s h o -lo inhiled p « • « ifiv- scrubbed the ai» a r-f- j to T-crograas Plutonium per i s based on the rdmw s K- P 9 r l O C i r ' r e a a I h e sa ®Pling was done' W e s t i t a t two inch raiu s e '- n hours and in d „„ a yo T jj c ' - C' A P n » T a n d a r l y T l y ' 1 C there was _ ' S Strin aad » Z Ir 1 —o IjT ' ' e early summer drought e ' l p h a C V i t y ir i-ericc m Area 21 JSt COald te It i s r e s - o is pes — — 1 magnitudes — r -ce of better i •-•• r c — 11 wouU v r-r of EUCh S eral asnitude l3rS — areas on CCCUF2r ° y are ° c c u r r e d ever a consider tr ' H 1 v e l s c f cr Uc pitttniun activitr °f f - e t naCteati3 'b 3 ' ° nC C a E O t --r gerous at any one tine seen logical to t c l e r a n c „ ' observed data i„ CGriCl fe tUt the area is - PV l 3 b 0 r a t °-' -FerUents ' S C e ' X t e n S i V f i C n t r i v0ys are t sspr - ' ui i rT£F- » «Wh» sur ''e to an understanding of 3 C - LL - 37 SUMMARY •9 Plutonium has -een determined in a number cf soil and plant samUS les collected iron various locations along the line of Fall-out In the soil the plutonium content increases with distance iron a minimum 10 3 x L0 6 micrograms per gram of soil at Lateral tih to a maximum of 3 2 0 x 10 l 6 c 5o micrograms per gram of soil near Lateral i21 This is based on the collection of samples Plutonium was found at higher concentrations in oth»r spot - I - o m - de in previous years AH—3-A located inside Harvey's Fer ce as- ay-ri md6 C x 1C micrograms plutonium per gram cf soil ifu collection - rlutomum content in plant dry material varies from l h7-x 1C urograms plutonium per gram to a maximum cf 297 0 x 1C 6 micrograms plu­ tonium per gram Plutonium found in the feces cf cattle collected in -19h7 varies rem a-minimum cf 37-9 x If 6 micrograms plutonium per gram to a maximum 19 C x 1C- micrograms plutonium per gram cf dry fecal material The rodents collected around as well as m the fenced Area do sr cw alpha activity ir comparable tissues except for the ground rels ihese show alpha activity only in the femur an average cf •his min gr-am of ash on the ctrier har c alpha activity has been found in r dents ccl ected on the Chuiadera Mesa Area 21 twenty-eight miles away The elpha cis mir gram cf ash in some of the samples are •rumple Dis mi n g ri a s r Liver Kidney Lower jawFemur Innominate bene hung Muscle 17 3 Bkgd m-s-rii 3 7 9 7 Ji6 13 6 C LU W m W 7- v 9'M ' ' ir — -• ha 7 i iisSs BSO iysygpp® « - - v mmm ife ' - — • 4 The a l p h a a c t i v i t y a s s u m e d t o b e n l u t c n i u m i n a i r - b c r n e m a t e r i a l varies with such factors as climate vegetative cover type cf soil In A u g u s t 1 9 L 5 t h e a l p h a a c t i v i t y v a r i e d f r o m a minimum of b a c k g r o u n d t o a maximum o f 5 S t x 1C micrograms plutonium per cubic foot cf air around the Fenced Area in august 19tC on the Chur-adera hcsa Area 21 twenty-eight miles m a w a y a l p h a a c t i v i t y v a r i e d f r o m b a c k g r o u n d t o a maximum o f 3 2 9 x 1 0 micrograms piutor iiut per cubic feet during a thirty-six hour sampling period T h e maximum w a s o b t a i n e d a f t e r a t w o i n c h s e v e n h o u r r a i n d u r ­ i n g t h e n i g h t when t h e r e was v e r y l i t t l e wind a n d t h e s u r f a c e f o r m i l e s a r o u n d was s o s o f t a s t o p r e v e n t v e h i c u l a r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ms 1 1 3 problem trinity ° r much rosn t h e previ ci much covered with new s i l t directions and velocities nave a 22 lcvC written while at Trinity In the unique a ins and numeron rem another time r in one direction us with uninterpretable cata on the immediate o rce of any -eentaninaL j pping this ye ults in the r' capture of urrcv o the place where they were taken previously In the space hours we have seen areas as large as this denuded cf much soil one day and covered with an inch or sc of new silt fi_r a Kangaroo Hat in L J DL ri_ G A AT - 1 DU-iVG AUGUST 1 69 ICO Feet Tut side of Fence long T-330 Sampling Volume - 31 Cubic reet of Air for All Camples At o f Activity Dust 6 1C6 555 606 257 10- 6 55 5 60 6 25 7 10 7 55 pn pn pm pa pn 3 25 69 1 25-12 10 pn 2 10-12 55 pa 1 55- 1 h0 pi 1 uC- 2 25 P- 25- 3 10 p 1C- 3 55 3 55- 1 1C ps - AC- 5 25 pm 5 25- 6 10 6 10- 6 55 pn 6 35- 7 10 pn 7 60- 6 25 pn r 2 F- 5 10 pri 1C- 9 55 pn 55-10 60 ns iO-ll 25 m 1 25-12 10 am a d±3 uiK ru cu ft 0 11 C C3 • C 03 •0 C2 0cC6 268 1350 1125 £kgd 716 C 25 G 65 0 65 262 6C 32 gd 16 68 6 69 206 0 20 0 06 C G7 C 10 C C7 C C6 C 12 C 0 4 0 96 1 02 1 C1 1 55 6ci 2133 9 92 19 32 2C 6C 2C 60 10 62 0 2c 1 31 1220 u5C 3k gd 666 273 106C 66 y 78 Be 39 7 06 X 10- 9 75 X 10-2 6 13 X 1C 9 6 50 X X X X X X X X 1C 9 l C- 6 0 IcO-lC C l C- 6 0 l o- 5«5 1oL— 9«v io-c 10 9 10 9 10 9 1C-9 10-5 10- 9 55 X 10 9 7 c9C X 10 5 10 15 X 10-9 10 38 X 10-9 16 71 X 10-9 17 76 X 1C 9 29 76 X 10-9 12 6c X 10'9 e 26 us 10-12 55 2 55- 1 1 0 am 9 26 69 2C-11 C5 am 0-5-11 5C am 1 50-12 35 pn - 5— 1 20 pn 1 2 - 2 05 pm - Cr- 2 50 pa 3 35 pa • 35- 6 20 pi •••20- 5 C5 pa 1 30 1 11 0 93 0 76 C c'6 C 56 0 62 1 01 Cc9h 0 81 0 62 31 bkgd Ekgd Bkgd 3kgd -kgd Bkgd Bk d dkgd Bkgd 3k gd 5r ' s reirent3 3o not go below 1 micron with optical method -nJJ refer to particlis of 1 micron or larger 2 3fc •fe -