t SECRF ·1 -·-·--- 1n _can rmsrcm Pl In m NIIII _ at Dmlt 2 l AID 1VTU11 Pllbtlib ci 1 TINe eC Gate t E 111 General l Orpniation 2 J roena 2 lleotro-Uagnetic Vethod Produci Urani UII 2 5 4 J Utua1an Pant tar J roduc1ng tlraniua 235 4 Pa er lllet hod ta Produc1 J i llem-1t 94 H•- y Water 6 Secret Laboratory 7 Orea 7 Patent a 9 10 1'wldll Size r 5 ot Bmb ll The Sctedule 12 Cert an Activity l3 Br1 t1ah Effort a 15 Relations •1th the Britiah 15 Ruaaian Act1T1t1• 17 SW llll r7 20 RecCl lmendationa 20 r I ot • •pi•• SECRET eo oouiltiac otlO repon et I flee WAR DEPARTMENT uad fable Coato ta WASHINGTON O• ble _ l llall aN Yloe P'new t laaarabl• lem-7 L HS- _ ot War GeMn1 C llanball CbW ol Blatt » 111 M1lt u J' Pol 7 C-1t t n OD B Tha lut repcTt on the power wu dat d •n o bff 15 1942 caio 11Nioa a lppiellt ot uaabe ot That NpOrt with 1ta J'f C-MPda• tiou • • aj r royed by you and lat er hy the Pna1dent ot the Unit cl StetN cu-ri'ld fQJ Ward vi oroual 1 and that it Le ••n tJ e higbeat wito a vi to completion at t be arlieat poaaible dat e The ap- proYal ot thh rec0111 endst1on ·hu •nabled the prog ru to be paab t to the lhit llany acient itic arigiaeer '6 and procmncent ciit• ficult1 have been arer11cae · At the preaent tiae ao ta r •• the productica ot ta -- Hntial IMlt eria 11 ia concerned there apr ear t o be DO Ulll lnOlllltabla SECR6-T Sf CfiET d1ttiolll U llh1oh t 1ae and tfort OU not Ol' c • noae9at'lllly i poaa1bWt ' hM alwqa ahied that the Mtcial would not prcrN to be a OCllltl ollul• aploliTe The liltel1hood ot t h11 poa1ibilit ' mating 11 1teadil7 deor ing l t haugh it can not be tinall7 eliainated UDtil atter • 1utficient u ount ot the 111aterial 1 18 produced 009611%• JQI The ••berahip or the II ill tary Policy C01111 ittee in general charge or all phaau or the ctenlop ient and the manufacture ot r aterial and the production at atomic fieeion txabs and all the plans for their uae u • weapon remain aa J1i inally conetituted The car mittee coneiet s of Dr V Bush Director ot O S I D u Chain an - 1th Dr J B Conant as hia alternate Rear Adr iral 1f R Purnell U S N and ' ajor Genera Yi D Styer U S I with Bril • Oen L R Groves U S A in executive char ' e of the work and • orkint in the clou11t cooperation· with Dr Conant • Thia re- port ia preHnted by Brig Gen Groves tn lehalf of the l ili tary Polic7 Car11Littee Since tt e Deceober 1942 report on this suLject the work bas pr0t T988ed l u 01101111 I 1 8ite o 11mie 56 000 acru the Clinton EnginHr Worka has been aoquil'ed in the 'ficinity at KnOXTille TeMeHH aa a location tor t he electro-ir aj •tic and dittullion proc111 production SECRET -2- -eECRE f plate ud a wen• -- 1 _ t• poNI' prONM J an unda A aite 1-• ot WW C tnotim mtu r - taeillU 1a ulllll' tffc a-abl T • the praduetioa plut a u e adainlatn t 1C11S aDCI coaplet ed and la proer-lni plut 400 000 2 7 000 ot wbioh th• Hantord ngin r Wcrka bu been aoquind 1D the rlcini t1 or P co laah1nctoll the- location tar the J OII• prooee• plant Th• 111 le and location or thia • ite wae deteraiud by the neceaaity or r ti-ictJ ne the hasarda rian y or 1ndet1n1 te to the actual operating peraonnel ot th8111 unknown and to a r 1n11na of thoae aa well aa by the need for a large aupply or ptire -ter The d i 1- n for this plant 1a •aentially cmplete and connruction hu been initiated £ A 11ite or approxb ately 54 000 acru hais been procured in 1811 exico sai e 20 m1le1 fror Santa Fe for the utablia ent ot l auoratory tacilitiu tor a special secret latoratory for solving t 1 1 problei s - ot adetltitic and o r d 1 nvohed in t h1 prod - tion or the actual t a Ls and etfective del very on the·cosired target a 12 All T lable ore in the t nited States Canada and all ore now knOlm to be available in t e n -elf ian C o ia being The plant a neceasary for proce• 1in1 t 1 e ore have been procured eaHnt1ally ccapleted and are now in operation J Conat ruct1 on or plants to yielu approxicl tely three toda of hea17 water per eionth han been eaHnti_all y ca ipleted and production ha z bNrl 1n1 tiated iaited acientific reeearch is being continued on SECFlET be t r1fttce Ht hod bllt _ i• lo work 1a MJ• effort 1• be1nl ut'OW to it be1ac clam t onrd 4ft9lopaent ot the lone rup pGN1' poa• ibWt 1 -pt aueh earch work aa 1a lncidntal to t J• i ain etrort ot d••Hloping a fiuion b ab 515119- eomxc Vffl OD P HllliCI fO uruJ IUII 235 An aperiaental un1 t hall been BUCO• HtullY op• nt ed and th• production plant at th• Clinton r ngineer Y ork• far producinc U 235 1• now approxiutel 35% cor plete tion early in 1944 Thia plant is scteduled for COl ple- It will rurni1r 1u f'icient U 235 to prOTide u aterial for the essential re11earcL that 111ust be ccr pleted prior to fabrication of the first bCl lb The still exiatini uncertainty aa to tr e l' ount of aterial required far a bot n alcee it hpoaaH 1• to tell •hen i hi11 1 ett od will produce a sufficient quant1 ty or the fi rst boc b in 1945 It could be anywhere fr Septeir ber JO 1944 ta han 1 -0 earl ' in this eiethod a poeei b1l1 ty of adnncing the pre• viow l ' estiuted date of the first Ja t 'uy sa e r onths Accordin 17 all pouible pressure is beinr placed on it ' EnginNrint and onatru ction are beinc done by tl e Stone and ebllter Eneineer ng Corporation and th • plant will be operated by the Tenn He Eaat r ar Corporation a aubsidia r r of the Eallt an Kodak Coi parl7 p1quSI9ti fW II Fufi Ph UDtcrng MIJild 235 Conatruction on a production plant far producing U 235 by the ditf'uaion 111ethod hU jWJt been initiat edJ it 1• scheduled ------- cor - pletion by about Chri1t1 as 19 44 tor It 1• expect eel to UH thia SECRET-plu la oi01a eeJwUca with pNeNa the el Nt c peUo u c t he ditfn• •ill lrlne the MWial to a Ml ta1D riolaNo 2 to S paroentJ o l e o c plant will then talto thlo oariobM m t ri al and prcduco the ftnal product It it 10 NU'-bl J _ M it will produoe outt1ciont Quant1t1N tar our •llitv uH eoarch and aporiaontal work al O The productian plant Woru u boiz1i ooaductod at Colmbla Uaherait7 being conotructod at tho Clinton lnc1nNr Tho aicrutacturo of a mabor of ccapca nt part a of tho prOCNe oquipiaiont 1a now being initiated tor a - It 1a hoped that 111 ter1al the tiret bw b will be aftilablo early in 1945 Zhg1neer1ng 1o being done 1 7 the Kelln Corporation a subeidiu-y ot k' I ICellO g and CQ l IIIV' and tho plant will tie operated l y the Carbid • and Carbon Chers ica U Corporation a autaidiar 1 of Union Carbide and Carbon C orporat1an PQ IER ETHop Hg i'H nrn r µ s1 1 91 Exp riaental unite utilizir4 a n ph1te uran1ui pile ha•• de onatrated tt e succusful application of t any of tile principlaa •·· i lV llffd A a91111- orkB unit loeated at tbe Cl1n 9n En ineer lor ko 1a scheduled to becin operation in Soptei iber ot t h1a year Ji oaearch experit ental work and operation of the an 1-woru are l eint done the Univerait of Chicago b1' A production plant 1a now being conatructed at the Hanl'ord Engineer Works Car pletiai unit ie scheduled fr r ti e BUlr r er of 1944 ot t he firet production Final ccx pletion of the pl ant 1a achoduled tm- earl y 1945 The acheduled production rate SECRET -5- 19 e h n f • 1a aill'-7 -cS -1111 ecwt aae 1111 111111 o ent1aa h Tb1a WCll lt i l l done under and • OM 1'be I I du Pat de _ al dollar t• a oaatn a plat prcwW nc ftW DO profit 1 •J Mlal wll •Wfed dhia1an hu bMn Ht up by du Pont or doing the wcrk St udi• are beiJli ude to deteraine the t iblll ty of utillaing nd1oaot 1Ye aat erial 8 a n illtary ••J OO• iaaterial 8 are a by-product or the expected i t r 4 plant a Plana far detenae againat their pOHible UH by the •nem ' are being fOl Elulat d The enea 7 11 ht produce a dangerous 1uppl7 ot th-• radio-active material• before the tila when either he ar we Co1tld CO iplete a plant auitable for the produoticl1 o an exploahe bcab He light UH it U 111 na ot n U'M ag iaat our adftnce or nen in an attack on a h '1117 populated liEAYXJIADR ilthougt the h_ - pile et ill •PJ NI • to han cartiln engToeernig·idftntagN oter -tnw·· i gl'11apmhdl tibi w1r11114aint w -1t t l e - - - - - - - frca the atandpoint o time the graphi ta uraniua pile na detin 1 tel7 better and our Jain effort for producing •l•ent 94 ia baled on the use or the graphite Reae -ch and expM iJMmt al work pertaining to the • of heavy nter with uranilSI hu been conducted but J io u - perilr enta or prodncti on uni ta han bNn cona tructed l though engineering plana are about to be in1 tiated Four pl ant a are being conatruoted tar the production ot EORET Sac CRET -••• The coabined - 01 t ot U e pluta 1a appraclaatal 7 One ot the pl anta 1a now ccapleted and all three tona pe1 a011th an • tart ill€ W tJ • l operatian One or th•• pl anta 1• located ill Canada and the other tJlJ ff are located in th• United Stat• 1 car aitt e or diaint ereet ed ei iDent acientiata hu j1111t coaplet d • renew or the haaYy water F robl t - am hu recommended continuance of the heavy w tAr work §SHIT r OOBUQRI ot Under tbe direction of cin• nt 11cient1 • ta and Dr h Oppenheii- er • strong group • elected individU la of proper indu• tri l or dlitary experience hu been forced anti suitable tac111t1ee provided at an iaolated location in Nn lexico n e n iasion or this roup 1a to carr1 on research and experit ent nece• aary far the final puritica• tion o£ the product ion 111 1 1te fabrication into suitable actiTe cor ronentis and the COl bination of nlopecl usable weapon th••• cor ponent11 into a tul de• The rro riu of t hi B laboratory has been --------------------------------------- -------------- examined into ar i approved by a cur mi ttee of • inent diaint ereated The prograi for acquirir e sufficient uranh1111 ore for r iilltu-y use hu beon vi 0oroual y Sufficient ore for expected needa 111 noir on hand under contract or available eitl er in the Uni t ed Sta tea or Canada and contract arre ngei ienta for t ha latt r will be c01 P et ed in the near future In addition to contrae-t11l tor the purchue SLGF ET -7- or -------- th• aiDea in Cuada and U- e United Stat ea now being operated ett9rl n- 1• be1l'li ude to diaconr nn aouroee ud to d - lop tbaee that N Y' IIOllt readily ai ned Our 1m t1ptioaa liinc• lut Deceir ber indicate hat the be t • auppl y ia in the Belgian rather tr in Canada tie Conco are obtaining ora fraii uoth plao well u rem the Colorado ar A COIIIJ lete 11y11'1 G or n anuf'actl ring plants tar proceuing the ore for use a teed r aterial in t e 1 ain production planta haa l Nn NHntially COfI plet d and ie no in opexation at a 'rrts sutficiant for our uH in the United Statea All except one of these plants are located The otX8r ie in Canada Th• bulk of tbe b ll_ c supply and certainly the •richeat orell are located in the Belgiar Congo in an area held under conceaaion by Union t liniere which ia relial iy reported to be cont_r l -ed by the Bank ot En land Dli the King of Bel iu and the statu to the south and west Certain lower grade Our knowledKe wi 1 h respect to use or lower 'Tade or•• ie not yet perfected to a point •here a proper estiJ tate of the 11tla tion CIJl be ttade but it no apPMl'S that art er our proi ra1 ie ca rried out and our existing 11uppliea or uranil S or• are converted into explosive• in thie war our buic auppliu and thoae in Canada will La well on the way to exh uation wit the - j world au ppl r in the i•n Con__ o not under our control in J any way NTP11 'U the pouibilit 7 ot world di t 11' t bl ouch the daNlop- a ent o U i a l o e i • • and it a pouible aUitu'7 b --produota 1a t o be a't'oided and the enonr oua baard i l't'OlTed in i ta prepu-aticm a in1 J iHd th• utilisation of atoaic p01ter 11118t al-- be under oloee control b7 onrnHntll intereated in th• welfare of unkind rat her Ir than in abeolute dor ination and exploitation o other peoplN th• United States hu • strong patent poeitiOll the achirnaent of the aboYe will be facilitated In accordance with your earliar in- structions et epe han been tar en to estaLl111h th 1 r0111t1on l g r aup ot experienced • cientific patent layers is andlinf the patent 1 sit1 ation All personnel both acienti ic and industrial eni aged on the worj are required to usii Tl t 1eir entire ri hta to any in•Hntiom L ade in this field to the United ' ta tea Governr er t Any ir-portant patent applications on · h e suL ect 1'1111 be leld in secrecy lio er era effort 'aa be11n 1• ade to l uy paten•- rirhts of indh'idual • wt11td1 eUF 118flt Pel value and validity eoeattse all In one case however negotiationa are nOlf in prot -reaa for the purcLase of certain patent a which while not aasential to ua aro believed to have s ift'icient validity to r a ce it advisable tu - rocure_ t hem pU tici larly for reuona ot aecurit7 This pro1 rare is sound for t•1e war period which now hall first COil• siderati on and will lay t te rOUlldwork for proper control there- after SECRET -9- SECRET 111111 It 1a deail'tld o - bul• that t he proena i•ta DOt oal J ot t he dffelopaent dUOt lQll R l antll bat WO ot tM lp and OGMt ruot la ot t be proot th• proeu reMnt and prooeuing ot t M an he operation ot the i anutaet uri plantll in t M proctwrtJ • ot -t eriala and in th• product 1• ot •e na th• actual bcabe and th• ot deli 'Hry on the d ired t arptll la the probl_ ban beeOllle •ore clu rl r detined it r u lilcnin LNrl poeaible to de- fine ir or• accurately the i IV coete inYolnd in carry1n1 out the entire rrogra • The exact 1 ount can not yet be eat aated Har• tl ar approxir atel y because o the r a ny un cnO'lln tactor11 yet rer ainin e are learninr i - ore al cut these actors every d still r any l _ ea wt there are aps froi a coot standroint in t a axte t of our lcnow• Even 'flt an we are certain - e car solve a rrobl• we can not predict the coat or the aol1 lion 'ia started •ith four cethoda of proch cin ' the aterial ancl to date Lava only been able drop down o t•c e ncl rosaioly one t ethod t o drop This h 11 not pronn to be feasible if we are to retain the or1 1nal arxl in our opinion vital concerti on of· getting an e dequate solu ion o t the ea rl e• t posafole data The procurer ent anti procesl ing of all poaaible available uraniUlll b88ring ore has alf o added considerably to the coat of the rro rair 'fh e entire proL rar as nm eatil -ated including operating c011ta throur h early 1946 will probably • -10- y e i ount to over ll 000 000 000 To da'9 IJl5 000 000 hall Ne llft11-bl 8 ha t niou• _ _ he wo1 o1 the Ch1el' fllt lnciDNn • k00 000 000 addit 1oaal bu beal pron dell tor Ulld• d1ep1Nd pr• poaee ill the lilitary Appl'Clp'i t1011 lots t• 19 41 w lo -u_ _ tor the pro't'ia1011 ot edlli t ional tund l 1n the 1-ediate tuture u Chiet ot lngineen hu been authorhed t be by the PrNident to-enter into con tract a the eetuiated apenditurN ot which would exceed eTail t le fund sm cr u 11 The ar ount ot aterial which it will be nec•aarJ to uee in the batib is etill unknown but tJ e sit1 ation with respect to 1t i11 a constantly cl an1 inr one as time and 11orlc cr ange UBUllptiona into kn011ledge The eetin ated exploeive power and hence the expected damage per kilo rer iain subs tant i ally Ul'lchanged Howenr the rr a terial 11 not explosive unless a definite ar ount ' a rlaced in a proper arrangeir ent This definite ar ount known ae the critical ·• amount detenr inea the size of the bomb In June 19'1 2 the ar o mt wu taat ed u 5 to 10 kiloe I in Decerr ber 1t wu estimated aa 15 kiloe with the size ot 'the baub for ah efficient exploeion eati Jr ated aa 15 Woe • ' J'he increued knowledge since Deoeaber indicates that the 11H of to 80 k1loe borr b far good efficiency cf exploeion ma T r-7 from 20 The effect of a 5 to 10 kil0f Ta1 - bomb would be eno nr oua if it could be made to explode ' It ill eetir ated u perhapa u much as 51 000 tons of TNT the equivtllent of Any larger bom1 would be Si CRE F wa•pm1' '17 MN be the eqsiftlet of th• wll• nawe ett uw 10 000 1a 111r - 20 kilo baab t ana of m tor -pl e IIOlll4 h' a a s1Ut r7 at ndpoillt enough t tia he ••tap of 1ilon l1N it 1• det1n1 tel7 riot proportionate to the incr-•- in th• a ount of uterial llh t 1a 11Nded 1a CDII decidedly ponrtul bc ab plua t he It the •nal7 111 wanring th1a al illt y to foll011 1t up with otbera ight readily end the war HCJHnr the 1nerM8e in critical eiH runa up the 11ize and cost of _t' e l O l1 ction plantll and increuee the tillie ele ent l ortune tely our plana for the pile and ditfu81on • ethoda have been baaed on the µroducti on o a autficient ai ount or raterial e o t t the increase in l ai b size will not caUBe too great a delay Thia 1s not true cf tl e electrO-F agnetic proceaa where t he ar ount of -e1 a productlC' pff uni• is extre el7 e l TIA SCI mru It ia not poe• ille to pr ct r en b pro uetion can bepn on a en• per aont_h b ais pril ari 11 on accwnt o the un- cert -' nty all to the cr1 uc i aiae 1 r rediction can be r arle hoaenr a s to t ' e initiation of pro ue on and the follodllt atateunt iJI I Allieved tc prennt a fair picture of the poeai bili ties 1 A• There 111 a chance and a fair oaw' it • procea• in- volving tl e use of • ti dride fOX m of a aterial prone reaaible that the nut boi b can be produced in the fill of 19 44 ll• There is a reaaonable chance if the h dride do not prcmt to be teuible that t h• irat bcab can be 11roduced ' S ORET about Januu'7 l 1945 Thff• i a • good chance that th• t1rat b ab oan JI• be procluoN fiuring the t1rat part ot 1945 and that t hU b ab can be tol1011ed up at naaonabl• i n •1th other ba - be tr • interYal being dependent aiH 1lf Ofl the critical It th• critical eiH 11 not too grNt the rate of production can be at the rate or one bomb per D1onth 9PYtM ACTIJIIJ It ia proving dif'ticult to obtain aati lltactory inforn ation es to enei y activity lines 1n 1939 Gerc- any atarted work alonr theee general Leading German phyaiciata are workinr in 'Y Tioua laboratoriea in Ge nnany •1th the m08t ir portant activity believed to be centered 1n the laiaer W1lhek Institute near Berlin and Speoific Worr ation es to the known 1ocation11 of installationa ir portant to Ger1 any in thia connection has been furnished to the proper ilitary authorities 'With strong recm J lendationa tr at they te dH troyed 11'ter the fall of Norwa 1trenuous etforte were made by the Qen iane to increaae tl e production of he 'YY 111ater in a plant at Rjukan Norway All of thia product has been ahipped to Genr any Earljr in March 1943 thia plant aabota1 ed rJT Britiah agent a and it •as reported at that time that it •ould be out of caaaiuion tar at leaat a rear It is now reported that the plant back in SECRET opwaticm in lee• tllU t o •ant ha The llpeed with whioh W• plant repaired ind1•t N that 1 t auat haft been giftn • ccaplet l 7 CWWTiding priorit7 011 all other producti011 actiY1 ti• 1n •1th rupect to uteriala equip mt and peraaanel reported that the Genr ana both in the 11pli ttinc or r 1 a r n It haa bNtl that the heaY • water 111 ••enti l tie atar and in the product on of the e xploeive It j l I relial ly reported that hi h Gen· an t 11 tary and clipla atic otficer11 poeaeas unu auai· confidence wit respect to the outco e of e war Tb ae r ports are accor paniacl by the e xplana- t on that t' a Cullfi tmce ia quite poesiUy oue to the i erfection of a nft weapon It 111 doubtful if this is baaed on an atar 1c b llllb 1 thou5t the poaei Lili ty can not be disregarded to iAlieve t i at - 1'here is no reason haff u yet overecx- e the six -ontha to a year ad- vantage wh ch Ue n a ny oa-iginally helrl over us on the solutioo ot· ti s pro bl et unless by ct ance our Lc 1 L n ro rrur has d ialocation in the r plw u tLat 1er· any r ay t e ir 11 C Wled a There 15 a poeail ility therefore 1•ooi ion ' 0 uie th s ateric 1 n the present war pvt cularly f events sl· ot ld len tten trie 6 - ruecle unduly iiowner ever t'ie Ger ana succetld in r roducin a uaable c oJ b lio are no r in a 'Olli tion to OYerta e tl e and eventually i roduce like r at erial in f Teater quantities ' r ie n j' reault in a ai tuation where 1 t will be neceesar • for w to stand the tirat puniar ini blows before •• are 1 _n a poeiticn to deatrop the 9-ECRET -14- enell ' Up until D _'ber 1942 then wu a cloH acientific 1 nt erchange England with tM aoientitic group working en the problem in The Briti•h progrui in two part II The fir• t wu dnelop1ent ot a dittuaion proceea for n aking tl e r aterial TM s proceH differed cODBiderably fra our It wu schecw ed for testing in a s all t Olfll diffuaior proceu ouel plant early laat sprinr 1 owever they c id not t l en iooicate any intention even tLou ' tr e 01 all plant J roved anc'ceeaf· 1 · o build a large scale plant in En _ and Tt is due not only to a a orta1 e of r en lli fJ aoo aterials a nu their vt lneral lity ' o 01 ' in fra-_ Ger any Lut also tc Le fac t that the r no expect in tr a f eld u B c n a e tr e 'l J 1 acale effort TLa aecolld part of their nro17a had to do 11ith exrerir entation for a pm er lant usin4 a t euv- 11ater uraniui pile The ac entiflc rm p carr in _· t s on 11as ade up of European refu cees anci 11as ' rll Ilsferred recently to C naeia -r are Ll-ey are ciu-r in ori-theh wor on a k l n or ar d reaearcllaids Ae ft r s is kno r no plans have l een i ad · fo1· corn1t l'l cting ny full SChle irc luction facilities Thr-J-peaident approved in Dece1 ber 1942 an one other rec01 r enciatiorui of the Policy Ca 11 ittee the one dealin relations wi tl the Bri • iBh This reada u · ' -15- follO'lils 1 1ri ti out onl7 to be •a trieW 1 n e ot int01'111Ation atent that it aan be uHd DOIi b r the recipient be 1Jlt rpret tion ot thil pollc7 _ U ollOdl l n c t i c r ethod-no int rch e Brit11h doin no work on t hie •et hod Di tua1ca--unrutricted 1 ntercl- between the lj s f1r1 8 dH ' nlng and COllltructing U e Plant and the Britiah concerned with the s i e project 3 llU acture of '4'J' and he 'fY ••t er--inter- cJ iar 1 e only of scientific re s rct no intercr ante of t e de it7l of pl ante If all o the infcrr ation oi ta ined •culd be r ade avail able to i s Kngineera tl e initial Trail product could t e r ade av1 ilatl to t e Canadian roup to an extent sufficient fc r e to pursue their experi• er tat ion Since t ere l'IO lo tie' no tlnelopr ent a1 ori in Canada Br· r is' or Cnnadiar access to the des n of 01 r plants or to the plants after coneu-1 ctlon would not be r r0'f'1ded for 4 l o interclan e on reeearc or develoJJ ent beill£ conducted in special aecret laboratory on bm b design i llote ilea vy 11ater c eRET -16- SECREli - Ilia p1a 1a the apSnle ot ta •lllt 17 Poliq eatJ J-•17 t ir to to be d•cided at a lat ff date opini011 WU HCUrable it factor to tt a Canadlana Iu natiau u JJlll'T a9 _ c ut N to apadit 1Jl ilthougt no atfioial apne11on lined that it WU at ntirel 7 tu• It wu not accepted b7 the Rritiah ap- parently the decision was ir ade ly tlie i'ri r a Mini attn r iir Hlt Direct ina ructiona ot the Pr ident to Dr Bu eh h Ye led ncentl7 to further coJU1 deration of the probl• and tl' e rNult ooriterencee Let een Sir ohn Anderson Pru ldent of the Privy Council •l o heads the Britiah effort a alon · l d to an int ercLange of letters th•• linN and Dr Buah r 31r Jo r Andereon l u accepted tr e principlu laid d Jlfn in ti• lut letter fro Or Bwlh and it these principles are apprOTed Ly the Pr1r e 'iniater the wa will itt ee of wuia ited int ercl ange of inforqtion where a JOh iJlt rchange l' oulo be of Yalue in wrinnin this war Ali on th•• principl• l 11 a ----------------- ---------- - - - provision for e co - bined cix i ittee witi headquarters in aahin1-1ton If tl e principles are approved 11 nd t 11 c or i i ttff 111 eat Lliahed it y fll undoubtedly be aLle to iron cut ar y differences of opinion which r ay ariee u to ti-e interpret at ion of the cenen l pol1cie1 iUJSSIA I ACTIVITIµ The Ruaa an Goverm en t haa de unsucceutul at ter pt a to secure urar iur concentrates n th i11 cvu nt ry ot h tJ-itougL private SECRET ✓ t• • • not nlaW to IINDl• t1H1on be luN aM haft o- t rucw a e clot roa ud q1Matica1ltc at oar work urud tiuion GD 'Wldlll7 ow-1ou ·111 their American Ni•tJ •ta Ti al tillg lluaaia Ooncern1llc Late ln Maroh of th1 a Tar Joaeph lainbarg • J h7•1oitt e plQTed in the ladiat1an Laborat or'7 Uninreit1 ot California at Berkelq ia known to haTe giftn cret 1ntorr- at1cn concerninc the project to St Te Melson tar the •tated purpoee of t r iHicn to the Ruaaion OoverJ1111ant llel11on ir ned ately there f'ter had a clan• destine 1 eeting •1th lTanoft an official of the ltusaian Consul ate at San Francisco Thereafter olaon •u observed eetin1 witl- Zulilin Third Secret J y of the 3oviet i rt usy 1· a 1U n ton D C Zul Hin tr nsd tted fun 11 to l elson au fray u1 acu Jaed tJ e uoe of the Coc iunist Part7 t A for eapionage urpone11 Steve els on alias -tephar · eaaroeh alias J ooeph r ei11- linger is a natcralized citi ' of Yuroslavian ori in wbo wu political cQ i isaar ___ __ ··-- -·----- - of the A ahau Lincoln Bth •d• ar tba I CQ'el1etj Any in s -a1n dcr1 a portion of the CiT11 Jlar He thereafter went to Russia and after 1n-eral ye ra I reeidenc'I ti ere returned to tr is coun·cy He is now a r ec l er of the Hat ional Ccril littH of the Cc - Lunist Party U S A and leader of the Couaunist Part r in Alarr eda County California A close aaaociate of Joaeph l' einbere on the project and a mer i Jer of the Co · 11runist Part v GiOYanni ROIJ91 l or- ani t1 wu 1 Se ORET 111 •• 111 S t h s ltla• pendai• to ocae out ill the ope11 9bioh t1M acaa1 1D hi• CCICa1aliat acti'YitiH ud io to work 1D the shiP 'U da or go into the UTJ7• hi to • lll uw the project as he coul a iel aon inatructed be of i oore UM to the C011- riuniat Party there than anywhere el ae The FederatiOll ot Arch1 tecta Engineera Chu 1st a and ' l'echniciana CIO Local llo 25 e ir alcinf extraordinary etforta to or l aniM the Electro- agnetic Laboratory t t lerkele r goea to t e exte1 t or Thia actiTit y aec ur and training 1 roe»ective er ip or•••• Steve l el11on is actively ciirectin theH activities anci 1 t tr at the uruc m 11 lcnown ori an zation 1s o' t inin _· infor ation abc ut tle Joork teine done Step i a re beln - taken to av id ar y dr t t defo r ent of uni on in cloee conaul tat ion 1ri h ' ' teve els on is ru in ntr muoua efforts to secure tbe der'1n itnt cf Lo anitz an l force Us rete1 tica on the proJ et No sh 11 r acti vitiee ho vo been oLe-erved at ott er 1ncta11 r io118 to thi tlo eapiona e activities by t e xie nations it h respect project have bean devi lor l i oy o lr eoonterir telli ence al- t iough there llave been suepiciot s indications All espioruwe ua- pecta are under continµoua lllll Yeillance and extraordinary aecurit7 eaauros aa directed by The President ' ve bean W en '- SECRET ------- •• an oont1aaillr la fffeJ poaeibl e wa r to apedl e the aful and ilpNd7 - pl iala•t the proJMt wbia in GIii' opWca rs a1na TiW to tll• Ho rrit 7 ot th• natica BF'IPIRITM ft U NO aa -ieda 1 ni t t hiJI prog• 6Cllltimla to be carried tanrard Tipwai aDd tliat it contiaue -to be g1ftll th• higb•t priaritiN Dd allocatiObll on uteri la equi J111at and pereanal with a Yiew to 1oli tion at the - rlifft poe- • ibl• date la That in v K of -the recent corrupood enoe w th Sir John Ander _wh cl was paced in the PrN1dent 1 a o r Dr bh the Preeident 1ve WI furtJ er instroo- t1ona with respect to t· e interctange or in OI' 11 ti on w1 th the Br tiah Thia report hu been dra m ur Uile or the direction ot th• f 111tary ' 'ol cy Coi aittee and eact or r u l Jeen reaci IIJld apprOffd by the r ember• • L h GROViS Brigadier General c K · •