VOLUt E III PHYS 1 CAL DA I ' J GE BBJIIIGfll Pr epared by Major Nol and Varley CLASSIPICATIOB C l'NCELL JJ DAT MAR 5 1964 For the Atomic Enerc7 Commission I _ _ROBERT _ __L JAC1' 0N ____ _ ·f or t he Chief Deol ase1f1oa on Branob • YIEW ffiOM IANK BVILDIUG O S 1le East of Zero Point Tbis view looking east shows devastation along the main east-west streeto The building on the right is the H7obasb1 Police Station 3 4 mile east ot zero point The East H1rosb1ma Railroad Station 1 1 miles from zero point may be seen 1n the lett background Picture by W Go PeMe7 39 • VIEW FROU BABK SUlLDIIiG Noo· lot 2 Vies Looking Southeasti O tile East ot Zero Point The following 2 views looking southeast show the complete devastation in this area Picture b7 w G Penney 40 VIK# fBOM l 3ANK BUILDING No 2 ot 2 Views Looking Southeast o Hile East or Zero Point Second view showing devnstat1on to tbe southeast Picture b7 G Penner • 41 YIP FROl BANIC BUILJ2ING O J Kile Eest or Zero Point Devastation southwest of the Bank Building The Red Cross Hospital is in t o left background The City P all 1s in the center background Picture by • G Penney e • Bast or Zero Point VIEW FROl BAUK DUILDIWG 0 5 V1o 110 looking I s w frow tl c bank building The Chugoko Electric Compeny building 0 4 ru lo fl om oro potnt io in the left back• Zero Point is in tho r•ight ba Ckf'- 'Ound Rote the concrete ch11 illey in the I icht foreground col lnpood in the d1roct1on or tho blast P1oture by w o Penney • • VIEW FROS B W BQikRIHG O Mile East of Zero Point View looking west toward zero point ot the Commercial lfuseum 700 tt west of zero point may be seen 1n the right Tl' e dome background The first building 1n the right toreg ound is the Chugoku Press building 'T he second building in the right fore- ground 1s the Fuku a Department St ore building 0 4 mile nortbeaet or zero point Picture b7 w o Penner • VIEWFRQM BANK BUILDING 0 1 le East or Zero Po1nt View looking northwest from the bank building The Military Area 1s in tbe left background Picture by Wo G Penney • VIEW FROM BANK BUILDING co· 5' Uile East ot Z ro Point In tb1s view looking north tbe Hiroshima Radio Station ma7 be seen in the background Thie building was gutted by t1r Tho tollo 1ng picture is a pre-strike view or this building Picture by w G Penney • • VIEW FRO BANK BUILDING 0 5 Mile East of Zoro Point In this v1ew looking northeast the East Hiroshima Railroad Station 1 1 miles from zero po1nt may be seen in the right background • The Noboriaho Grade School was located in the foreground Foundation -walls mark tho site of the destroy@d buildings En- trances to air r nid shelters may be seen in the playgl'ound area 1n the center foreground · Picture by w G Penney 52 • VIEW FRO BANK BUILDING O S W le F ast or Deyastation south Zero Point or the Bank Buil- ding Tbe University and Red Ct•oss Hospital are in tbe ricbt background Picture by w o Penney • yoaozoyo BRIDGE No 1 of 4 Views 0 6 W le Southwest of Zero Point This view of Yorozuyo bridge shows asphalt pavement darkened by flash burns except where shielded by bridge posts or railing point A soldier is pointing toward zero • • 1 et - • _ · '-r' t' i't ntt - ' ' •• • I • YOROZUYO BRIDGE ' No 2 of 4 Views 0 6 W e Southwest of Zero Point This closeup shows shadows on pavement where shielded by posts and rail - • • YOROZ1JYO BRIDGE No 3 of 4 Vi ews 0 6 Lfile Southwest of Zero Point Closeup showing direction of blast and railing are both of reinforced concrete construction - Posts • YOROZUYO BRIDGE No 4 of 4 Views 0 6 Mile Southwest of Zero Point This closeup shows where a pedestrian stood at the time of t he explosion tlnls shielding the pavement COMYF RQlAL BANK BUILDING O Mile F ast ot Zero Point The interior or this building was severely damaged by blast and fire The two rlag poles atop tbe Wilding were bent in the direct ion of the blast Picture by w G Penney 88 • COMMERCIAL BANK BUILDING 0 5 Vile Ea st of Zero Point This close- up shows the base of one of the flagpoles seen ·in the preceding picture Picture by w G Penney • View from 'i'el ephone Building Looking W N W 3 4 Mile West of Zero Poi nt Thie view looking 1n the di rection of the bla s t shows the blasted·and burned aroa extending to ne r the hills 3 4 mile away Picture b y w G Penney • View from Tel ephone Bui ldi ng Looking N w 3 4 Mile West of Zero Point This view sho s devas t ion to the Northwe s t Pi oture by w G Penney - -------- • Vieff from TeleEhone Building Looking N N E 3 4 Mila West of Zero Point Thie view shows devastation north of the telephone buil ding A re piling mark the loc a tion of a bridge destroyed by f ire and flood Picture by w G Penney View from Telephone Building Looking N E 3 4 Mile Wes t of Zero Point This view shows the devastated area north and east of zero point extending to the hills to miles away Picture by w G Penney • • View from Telephone Building Looking East 3 4 Mile West of Zero Point This view is look ing directly east toward zero point three-fourths mile away The dome of t h e ommcrcial Museum may be seen in the c Qntar ba c ground Picture by Wo G Penney • 1 f'rom ToloEhono Build1a foo1dN 7 Jb s i a11c Woct ot Zo o Point In thia vi ·• look1ne eouthwost bu ld1ng• 1n tho bAOkground are 1 6 m1lo• fro 'zoro point and surrorod only odor- cto d mnue Picture by • o Ponn y • • View from Telephone Building Looking s w 3 4 Mile from Zero Point Thie view lookine southwest along one brancll of the Ota river shows a bridge partially dostroyod by floods Picture by w G Penney • • • • CljJJGOKO ELECTRIC @MPANY BtJILDIRq 0 4 Yi le South or '' Zero This 1a an interior view or Point the auditorium on the th tloor ot the building e Twisted steel sash bave been removed from the 1ndow openings Tne bottom section or the furring around the concrete ceiling beam 1n the foreground collapsed leaving the beam exposed Other cracks and openings seen in this view are in tbe f'lu-ring and tbe concrete beams are probably intact A considerable amount of plaster has fallen as a result ot blast and tire Picture by w a Pennoy • UILDING • 0 4 Jlile South of Zero Point This five- story reinforced concrete bu1lding was not severly damaged by the blast owever firos of secondary origin gutted the building The direction of the blast was aga1nGt the front and opposite side of t e building at a 4 degree angl Two months after the blast the building had been partially reoccupied Twisted metal sash ave been removed from windows on the near side and piled up on the ground near the building Windows on the first two floors bave been partially boa ded up - --- 4L 115 Pre-strike View or Fl1ku7'a Department Store 0 4 141ie B I o Zero Point Tbis pre-strike view shows the modeni reintorced concrete rame P tk u 'a Department Store building Picture furnished by W G Penney - ii' • 22 • • Post-strike View o Fu1r uya Department Store 0 4 Mile N B ot Zero Point tn this view looking east the seven-stol'1' Fukuya Department Store bu1ld1ng ma7 be seen 1ri the background This bUilding has an exceptionally heavy concrete frame tt t withstood t1'e blast wi tr on17_· 1noz- struc- tural damage to the root Ion-structural damage however was extensive and t e interior wao partially burned out by tires ot secondary origin Tbe tliree-story building on the oppos1t$ side or the treet was severely damaged as shown in the following pic- ture Picture b7 w o PeMey • 44 • • Post- strike View ot Fflkuya Department Store 0 4 Mile N E or Zero Point This vin looking west shows the opposite sides ot the buildings seen in the preceding picture Tbe tbree-stoey building on the right was severely damaged A portion of the walls and root were collapsed by the blast and the interior was burned out Picture by w G Pennoy •• FLASH BURNS TO TIMBER POLE 0 5 Mil e West of Zero Point The left s ide of t h is p ole f a cing zero p o int was ch a rred by hi gh e nergy radi a t i on ou tl tne of a pan e l b ox or some other ob j ec t fas t e n ed t o the p ole a t the t i me of t he b last ma y be seen a s a r e c t a n gu l a r p a tch ne a r the b a se Combustib l e wood d e b ris nea r the po l e wa s not burned Pic ture b y W G Penney l l • • pEVASTATIOR ' BST OF Z ERO POIMT No l of 3 Viewa 0 3 J ile West of Zero This view looking sotttliwest SOO 'fS the only building that revJB ined standing 1n this area The Building is an apartment located o mile west ot zero point A machine shop was located in the foroground area • APARTUElf BUILDING P o 2 of 3 Views 0 5 1le West or Zero Point This arr all re1ntorced concrete build ng survived the blast with little struc- tural daMge This type building otters little resistance to blast pressure due to closely spaced windows The direction or tbe blast was from loft to right Picture by w o penner 33 • • AP MSTlfl2ff' BUILDING No 3 of 3 Views O 11 le West or Zero Point This close- up_sbows windoT frames blown out of the openings The garage on the right nas oollapsed by the blast Picture by W Go Penney 30 • • CANNING FACTORY O oS Kile West ot Zero Point This view from the side racing the blast shows a demolished wall and equip- ment Picture by w - Penney • 107 - HIROSflIHA RADIO STATION Pre-strike view ot building seen in the precedin picture Picture turnisbed by w G Penne7 • • • · •· ·- • ·· V l ··· - ' l· · • • View trom Byobasb1 Police Station O tllle East of Zero Point Tb1 s v1ew looking east along the prin- cipal east-west street shows the d8 astation area extending to a distance or 1 1 mile trom zero point The temporary bridge shown bere 1s 7 mile from zero point and replaces a bridga des- troyed by fire and tlood Picture by w o Penney • • • • - CITY BALL BUILDING No o 1 of 10 Views 0 7 Mile South of Zero Point This view looking north toward zero point shows deva station in the vicinity of the City Hall The raised section at the front of tbe building 1s an auditorium An air raid siren may be seen at the center of the building Picture by Wo Go Penney CITY HALL BUILDING No 2 of 10 Views 0 7 Mile South of Zero Point This pre- strike view of the front face of the building may be -compared with the following post-strike view • • Picture furnished by w G Penney • • CITY HALL BlifILDING No 3 of 10 Views 0 7 Mile South of Zero Point This view shows the front of the City Hall building blackened by fires that gutted the building The roof of tr s building was damaged by downward distortion caused by t he bl ast o • • CITY RALL BUILDING No 4 of 10 Views 0 7 llile South of Zero Point This view is looking at the building in the direction of the blast tbe right is a fire station The building on • • CITY HALL BUILDING No 5 of 10 Views 0 7 Mile South of Zero Point This view of tre front shows the blackened and spalled surface resulting from internal fires • • CITY HALL BUILDING No 6 of io Views 0 7 Uile South of Zero Point This close-up shows exposed reinforcing steel Concrete has spalled due to heat from fires in the basement CI TY RALL BUILDING No 7 of 10 Views 0 7 Jlile South of Zero Point This interior view of the 3rd floor shows wood flooring burned away The heat result ing from secondary fires caused plast er to fall from the ceiling and columns I Picture by W G Penney • CITY HALL BUILDI NG No 8 or 10 Views 0 7 Yile South o Zero Point This view of the auditorium shows devastation caused by blast and fire Wall panels and doors were demolished by the blast Wood flooring and wainscoating has been burned away Picture by W G Penney • CITY HALL BO LDING No 9 of 10 Views 0 7 Mile South of Zero Point Concrete arch ribs supporting the roof over the audi tor um are structurally intact Picture by w G Penney • CITY HALL BUILDING No 10 of 10 Views 0 7 Mile South of Zero Point This view of the air raid siren atop the municipal building sh ows a section of the steel ladder Jent in the direction of the blast Picture by G Penney • • FIRE TRUCKS Photographed by Dr Penney at the City Ball Buildings These trucks uere brought to Hiroshima from Kure since the original trucks stationed at the City Hell were destroyed by fire - • • JAPANESE CEMETERY 3 4 Mile East of Zero Point Stones 1n the foreground were t oppled over in the direction of the blast Picture b y W G Penney • BRANCH TELEPHONE EXCHANGE 3 4 Mile West of Zero Point This modern concrete building escaped structural damage but automatic switchboard equipment and other apparatus wa s smashed by blast pressure Thia bul lding contained little wood trim and fires did not occur on t he interior Delicato equipment mounted on racks shown here was either blown loose or damaged At the time the picture nas made - two months after the blast - workmen ware clearing the building of debris • • OOl CRETE AtfD ERICK STRUCTUSE 0 8 Mile South of 7 ero Point This small struct u re was collapsed b the blast The wa ll s till standing is par allel to the direc t ion of the blast • • The l onn-to in the center is a tem• porary dwell1nG built with salvaged ma terial Picture by Wo G Penney 1 • - • RED CROS S HOSPITAL No 1 of 7 Views 0 9 Mile South of Zero Point Tt1s view looking so u t heas t 1n the direc t ion of t he blas t s hows the angle at whieh the bl a st s t r uck the f ron t left and near s i de of the bu ild i ng Rubble in t he f or eground is f r om blaste d and burned bu ilding s The space near t h e bu i l ding was op en an d fires did n ot dama ge t he hospital • • RED CRt •E S FOSPI TAL No 2 of 7 Views 0 9 Lilo South of Zero Point Th is view looking southeast from a point to the left and ner rer the building than the precedinz picture shows combusti• blo debris near the building that d1d not catch fi r e Pi cture by w G Penney • • RED CROSS HOSPITAL No 3 of 7 Viows 0 9 Mile South or Zero Po l nt This view of the northwest wall shows windows blown ln b y the b last striking tho wall at a 45 degree a ngle The building is of modern reinforced c oncrete construction • RED CROSS HOSPITAL No 4 of 7 Vlews 0 9 Mile South of' ero Point The interior view is on the side of the building nearest the bla s t Windows ere blown in The s uspended ceiling 1n this room was loosened by the blast nd foll to the f l oor T le hanging sup orts are still i n plac e end the white plaster l i ne indicates the level at which the ceiling wa s installed Two 1nter1or partitions ware demolished by the blast Recess e s in the floor indicate 1here parti t1on s ere ' insta lled All debris was oleaned ' up and removed soon after the blast - • RED CROSS HOSPI TAL No 5 of 7 Views 0 9 Till e South of Zero Point This interior v1 w shows the opposite wall of the same wing On this side the windows v1ere b lown out As on the other side the suspended ceiling collapsed Both t he corridor wall and two interior parti- tions were demolished by tha blast pressure blowing through the bu lding from l eft to r Jht All debris has been re oved from the buil ding --------- • • RED CROSS HOSPI TAL No 6 of Views 0 9 Mil e Sou t h of Zero Point This v1e is looking into a window on the side nearest the blast The chairs shown here· have been placed in the position - hey occupied at the t1 ne of the bl a st High energy radiation from t he atomic explosion has apparently causod the flash bt 1rns 11 · on the mohair uphols t ery Li ght colored hor i zontal shadows i ndi cate area s shielded b y the w-indow sash RED CROSS HOSPITAL No of 7 Vie s 0 9 Milo South of Zero Po1nt This is a close- up of chairs snown 1n the preceding picture The mohair is burn d down to the base of the map • • Viow LQoking Northwest from Red Croes Hospital J 0 9 Mile South of Zero Point This view looking northwest shows the burned- out area extending to the hills long the west side or the valley • F V1ew Looking North from Rod Cross Hospital 0 9 Mile South of Zero Point Only buildine s of reinforced concrete remain Tho small shack near tho center of the picture is a dwelling r·ebuil t with sal Vb gl d materials The City Hall building ay be seen in the r ight foreground The ext erior of t his butl ding 7a s b l a ckened b y fires of secondar y or ir in th t w itted the ouil d ing soon af ter the blast 'he principal stree ts have been cleared of debris and street cars placed back ln opera tion ·• • View Looking Ea st from Red Crose Hospital ' O 9 ti1le Sou th of Za o Point ' The masonry wall in the ·lef t f oreground is t he sout heast corner of the Un1versity Cappus The reinforced concrete 0ommunioations Bureau b uilding 1n the right f oreground is one mile f rom zero point Damage to the building was not extensive and wa s similar to damage at t h e Red Cross Hos pi tal The tVlo standing walls i n the center background a·r e para llel to the direction of the blast The framework of two ga s-hol ders may be s een in the center background 1 2 mil e s from zero point torn open The crowns or t he h ol d er ·s r1ere dished down ana The buil dings of the commercial gas- orks were seriously dam• agod Large buildings seen to the right of the ca s-works and far ther back are part of the Ar my Clothing Depot The burned out area extends to the river in the back eround • View Looki g Southeas t from Red Cross Hospital C 9 tl1le South of Zero Point This picture shows a clearly defined line of demarcat i on between the area of severe blast and fire damage and the area of moderate blast damare This line is 1 15 miles from 1' Zero Point The central area was the site of a t echnical training school The textile mill 1n the background was moderatel y damaged Ships may be s een in Uj1n Har bor to the right of tho is• l and 1n t he center background Three small dwellings rebuilt with salvaged ma t erials appear l n the f r eground - • • Viev Loo1 ting South from Red Cross Hospital 0 9 Mile South of Zero Point This view shows severe damage to a high school building one mile from zero point The burned out area extends to the river beyond the school building which is 1 1 mile from zet-o poi nt • U • • View Looking Southwest f rom Red Cross Hospital 0 9 Milo south of Zero Point This view shows damage in the prison area The prison may be soon in the center backgr ound enclosed by high masonery alls Wood fra e buildings in the right foreground escaped fir e damage • • View Looking Southeast from Red Cross Hospital 0 9 Uile South of Zero Point This view is looking oo ut heast in the d irection of the blast Buil dings in the background are 1 1 mile from zero point Temporary dwellings have been erected in the fo reground • UlUVERSI'l'Y OF HIROSHIMA 0 8 to 0 9 Mile from Zero Point Pre-strike View Pre-s trike v i e1 of the Arts and Sc ienee Building o In the following post•strike picture this building 1e located in the r i ght background Picture furni shed by w o Penney • • - • UNIVERSITY OF HIROSHIMA 0 8 to 0 9 Mile Sou th of Zero Point View Looking Northeas t from Red Cross Hosp ital The buil d i nga shown were of reinforced concrete construc tion and wer e not s everel y damaged s t ructurally Other buildings i n this group were of wood construction and wer e destroy od b y bl ast and f i re The buil dings shown were gutted b y fir e s ·or secondary origi n Interior parti t ions and susp ended c eilings were demol i sh ed End walls of two ot her ui s e demolished buil d i ngs may be s een in t he center background These wall s a re paralle l with the d i rection of the bla st which was f rom l eft to right • ·• • • L USEUM No 1 of 2 Views l Mile fr om Zero Point Tnis brick building 1a located 1 reilo southeast of Zero Pointn camora The direction of t he bl ast as toward the 1'he upp r s ection of the exterior wall far t hest from the camera fell i nto the bui lding 'Jhile the wall nearest t he camera as f or c ed cut The lower section of the wall on the f arthes t side was supported by the f loor of the s ocomd-story unt il the wall nearest the camer a wa s forced out allowing the un• supported f loor to fal l • f uUSEUlJ 1 ile Southeast of Zero Point No 2 of 2 Views This view from the front of tho building shows a section of th fr ont 1 al l t oppl ed out Tops of trcos on the ri b t were broken out by tho b l as t Picture by w G Penney I I I I i J I t I • ' 11 'Jlf-' -r 'I J ' 1 ' • • • RUBBLE 1 2 MILES SOUTHEAST OF ZERO POIN T This view looking northwest shows all uil d1ng$ demolished except the Cormiunicatians Bureau Building on the right 1 mile ·f rom zero and the Red Cross Hospital in the baclq round 0 9 ile from zero Construotion has been started on several temporary dwellings Picture by w G Penney • • ·OCLlt UlHCATIOrm BUREAU BUILDING l O Mile Southeast of Zero Point This interior view sho l 'e window frames on the 3rd floor completely torn out by the blast o Fires did not occur io this building Picture by W G Penney • View from Fridge 1 Mile Southeast of Zero Point This view looking nor thwest toward iero point shows buildings that r emained standing after the blast Picture by w o Penney • • • HIJrYAMA SHRINE 1 1 Mile Southeast of Zero Point ·• · This shrine located near H1j1 ama Park was damaged by blast and fir e Buil dings once locnt od in the foreground burned to the ground Picture by w G Penney • HIJTYAtL SHRINE 1 1 Mile Southeast of Zero Point This shrine located near Hijiyama Park wee dam aced by blast and fire Buildings once loccted in the foreground burned to the round Picture by w G Pennoy • • EAST HIROSHIMA RAitROAD STATION No 1 of 7 Views 1 1 Miles Ea st of Zero Point This Japanese picture taken before the bombing sho s the apposrancc of the front fac e · Picture furnished by w G Penney • ·· • EAST HIROSHIMA RAILROAD STATION No 2 of 7 Views 1 l Mileo East of Zero Point T'ais vieTI shows the damaged entr•ance to the station The canopy over tho entrance was demolished by the bleat The debris has been removed • • EAST HIROSHILtA RAILROAD STATION Ro 3 or 7 Views l l Miles Ea t of Zero Point In this view nearer the building the section in whi ch the roof collapsod may be seen through the windo noar the r1 eh t Picture by W G• Penney