1 · ' - ·-- ___ tlf'I I • a • a PRo r CT C ESTED ICE 0 TH 'lliliI - - NUCLEA 'l ACCID lT U • VOLUl-lE I SAC F ISTO CAL STv 'D l #113 E CLUDED i' Ot- A JT0 -1 -T C P EGRfl D NG I OD DIR 5200 10 I OES NOT f EPLY - --- · · · ·· 1 1 --- - •'••· •· • · · ·· --- HISTORY F ESEAACH DMSION · - UARTES ST A TEGIC A 1 R COO • JI ND ··- 23 APRIL 1969 • • · I h -c• is oni ' i C ·l 3 i c - ndeC I J - ' r t Jn a e-- t1 i lti 'l l ·f se _c - - e U - d t i c C H cor - ly- 1 1 u- r s s c l y vill b-e li 'i o - ed end tl etritl - io 3nC di i i -- 0 1 cl t -l ccnce -rt - ill ba restrictct o a 11 n- i -tc-i- ao- basis Rep -oduct1 m ot this docu - ent 1n vholc or 1n c rt 1s -oh ted except 1 ith the pe i lis 1on 01· the oI'i'ice oi' o -1s in This document is cless1fie F_eJ 'DLING R QiJ RED f E 127- to COnIO - n to t ie cla s 11·1ce-ClOll or the forciat on in the source docu -cent Th s v l' l e hes been pla ed in dovngr de C -o p l bece se 1 CO 'lt21ns Ras rictied D t The h s O -ian 1 s anel ts s 1nd c Jnsvl Cat cn of infO 'l ' lti in from 11' any sources 1 · 1 ch 1 i v du lly r h ve lo e - do1 lpdc i rovis ons r Hi lts in a synth s1s wh ch i - e y have ide 1 l cs tior s thar the r e · 31 on which t is ba$ed The e ·o -e pa -ag -s phs rnarl- ed S or C he· e not been r- -ked v th 1nd1v duel c ovns -s e instructfons c nd ell pc1· io s of thi 1 vol•·- 10 ll be exeluc e 'ro i nutor-tic regrad ·- · - - - 11 --· - ____ FOIIDlOP D U This study is concerned vith the USAF recovery and decontamination effort precipi ted by the crash of a B-52G near Thule G eenland on 21 January 1968 It is largely the story of Strategic Air Comnand's Disaster control Team during the three- onth period of Project Crested Ice The contributions to thi t opi rat 1 on of other USAF commands and other governmental agencies v re substantial and it is not the intention of the historian to slight them • It must be understood hwever that this history vas itten from doc entation either prepared by SAC or mde available to it Consequently the history ends vith the completion of SA C's decontamination IOrk at Thule early in April Only mention is made of the Air Force Logistics Command's activities at Thule in the summer of 1968 which included preparing the contaminants tor shipment and loading them aboard ships of the Anny's Military Sea Transport· Service The fir al report prepared by San Antonio Air Materiel Area on its activities is included in the supporting documents These documents are on file in the SAC History __and Research Division and 1n -che Air University Historical Archives Also appended to this historyr in Volume II is a collection ot photographs They clar lty cb amtically the conditions W der vhich the men of the Disaster Control Team worked 111 ii a -t The Acr dent J Y 14 • l l 4 • Resc e and Fi st V sits to the Scene s· Recove f Oper tio s The Disa ter Ccr t -ol Tell Staff Ce r n i er Phase I ick g Up t ieces Phase II Removin6 the Ccntam natio a 10 1 20 Concl1 sio ji 41 51 L ST Or SU POnTI iC toctii•2 i'l'S LIST OF IL l'JSTEATIOt 'i Or lit Route of Thul' Monitor Sketch or 2 ere sh Scene 5 1968 ll folloving page 24 SAC Disaster Cont -ol Team Organizational Che rt 2 February Photog -aphs Or nize tional Chart for P-nase II o Crested Ice • 30 • - '·· ··· ·---- -- 'i · · l • • -- -· - ·· · S ECRE T PART I The Accident Junky 14 --t8T in 1958 Strategic Air Command B-52s began flying airborne alert In August 1961 the CINCSAC General Thomas S Power gave the operation a new dimension when he ordered that one B-52 orbit continuously near the Thule Greenland site of the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System The aircraft would be in a position to dete nnine quickly the nature of any communications failure between the site and warning centers in the United States --tSt On l January 1968 the 380th Strategic Aerospace Wing SAW at Plattsburgh AFB New York started its regular 45-day tour of monitoring the Thule BMEWS site The Thule monitor mission actually started when the aircraft reached 75°00 1 N 67°30'W The crew • tas to fly the aircraft at 35 000 feet in a bow-tie pattern as depicted on the map on the following page l Fe ° On 21 January 1968 crew E-14 of the 528th Bomb Squadron vith one qualified substitute navigator and a required t hird pilot or board flew mission Junky 14 Before takeoff the third pilot a s sigr to occupy the instructor navigator's IN position placed three clot covered foam rubber cushions under the seat and on top of the hot ai spray tube Shortly after takeoff a fourth cushion was placed under the seat and a metal box was placed in front of and against the cushions After about five hours of flight the aircraft's cabin temperature became uncomfortably cool To provide more heat the third pilot now occupying the co-pilot's seat increased the cabin heat by switching to the emergency right hand inboard position of 2 the cabin's heating and pressurization system This drew hot air from the engine's manifold into the heating system The temperature of the air bleeding off the manifold increased rapidly to about 428 SECRET SPECIAL twiJUr-t IRBJ ff 12 1 - - - 5 I I i I I - - - - •• _ --S t CRE degrees and there was very little drop in temperature between the manifcl1 and the eating system outlets The heat coming from the duct under the IN's seat was hot enough to ignite the flammable cushions stuffed around the duct he smelled burning rubber At 2022Z the EWO reported tha t After a search the smoldering cushions were discovered and fire extinguishers were brought into action These fire fighting actions were unsuccessful No attempt was made to pull the cushions away from the hot spray bar blossomed from beneath the seat 3 Flames soon _ i RB- The pilot reported the fire to the ground station and requested clearance to descend immediately IXlring the fighting of the fire the pilot started the descent He raised the airbrakes and increased the speed to 370 knots indicated airspeed KIAS The EWO opened the sextant port to exhaust the smoke from the cabin The navigator attempted W1successfully to smother the first with an A-3 bag He reported the fire as uncontrollable Shortly after 203oz the bomber's electrical power failed When the aircraft commander estimated he was close to Thule AB he ordered the crew to bail out The time was 2037Z Six aircrew members ejected safely at about 14 000 feet although all received injuries The seventh the co-pilot it will be remembered that the third pilot occupied his seat at this time sustained fatal injuries leaving the aircraft through a lower hatch After the crew ejected the aircraft continued on over the base made a 180-degree turn and at 2039z crashed on the ice of Wolstenholme Fjord the point of impact is indicated on the following sketch While making its last plunge the aircraft started to come apart in the air Later search parties U The location of the bomber crash has been described variously in documents as being in Wolstenholme Fjord and in North Star Bay Since a bay is defined as a recess or inlet in the shore of a sea or lake between two capes or headlands and since the crash site was about seven and one-half miles out and not between the capes or headlands of North Star Bay the crash is most accurately described as being on the ice of Wolstenholme Fjord A fjord is described as a long relatively narrow arm of the sea bordered by steep cliffs SS E C 'f E-· T -c- R STRICTEO DAIA Spec tAL HANou f t Rail IRBl PfR127-4 - 7 4 found bomb bay doors win 6 panels end flaps five miles north of the impact point When it crashed the B-52 still had aboard C J bombs with a total yield C J 4 Rescue and First Visits to the Scene U The USAF organization at Thule AB was the 4683d Air Base Group part of the Air Defense Command gency was prompt and effective Its reaction to this emer- The first priority was of course to rescue the crew speed was essential since the ground temperature was -24 degrees Helicopters of Detachment 18 54th Air Rescue and Recovery Squadron flew nine sorties in the next 19 hours other sorties were flown by other base aircraft Eight Base vehicles in- cluding the taxi fleet assisted in search operations Fortunately the aircraft commander had given the order to bail out as the aircraft approached the base and the crew had reacted promptly Two of them landed among the buildings of the base All but one came down within two and one-half miles of the base With one exception all survivors were rescued within two hours The navigator first to leave the aircraft landed six miles south of the base He wrapped himself in a parachute and spent an uncomfortable night on an ice flow He was found after 21 hours by searchers from the base The body of the copilot was found two and one-quarter statute miles from the base within eight hours 5 tir The Air Base Group also quickly dispatched a helicopter to the crash scene Its vice co11111Bnder Colonel Paul D Copher reported back that the bomber had crashed on the ice approximately seven and one-half miles from the Thule runway It was still burning By Olo8Z the Thule base operations officer had also gone to the scene in a helicopter He reported that the aircraft had gone through the ice in water 150 to 600 feet deep He estimated the ice to be about The main reasons for this initial and erroneous conclusion were that neither the aircraft's tail section nor any other major structural pieces were evident Normally the tail section survives an accident as an entity usually whole sections of the wing can be found and large panel sections are frequently in evidence But in the case of Junky 14 those first at the scene reported only small bits and pieces of aircraft visible ·• - W'·- ' ii -tJ' 'LAS ····-r· Jd _ SPECIAL IWIDLII G REQJIRED SEE AFR J27-lj n-us PAGE IS SECRET RESTRICTED DATA S DoC b 3 0 I I 1 l I I t •• I' • l GREEHLAtlD - •j t v f 11 SAUIIDERS · ISLANDS L -' s V V IT L --- proximate restricted gnled l y Covernment of 29 January 1968 DALRYMPLE £ ROCK Point of Impact 76°31' 40 H 69°16' 55 l 44 500 feet from the End of the Thule G E EIILAIID 'l VI ·- ' --- - f•- ciles 'roe1 t e c - l sh site to the 1'- - S erea B · 20 'ebru r ell debris not tro en n the ce heB been picked up acr l ged and my -cd t 'le base to e vnit s i e t du -ing t e su -r er mo ths 58 The totai ac u - · l tio co is ste- c 163 d -u - s 14 en gin conta r rs and ll il -ge tuel t a s--a ca it of l 720 c ic f t 59 P - ase I or Pro ject C -ested Ice e lded v t 'l the cle 1 i o ' debris no e bedced in the ice and its temporary sto 'l ge on Thcle A3 or as in the case of veapons coi onents ship ent cf the pieces by ai - to the U ted Sta' es ·Phase I of t -e r11 cve y ple r u1 ti - tel r consisted of re oving the cor ta i ated e end sr o- t -ensportinj to Tht le AB end tion bee to the bega n even es sea -chers vere still picking up pieces of the bomber Five possible ·c0' irse _oi' action ere considered 'llley ren d from simply roping oi'r the contaminated lee to preve lt ir✓ dvertent entry end allov ng t e SU l ner a elti lg to- m p the debris into the fjord to the much C O e compl1cat d Job or collecting end disposir g oi' ell the sno- v1t 'l1n the three mile square a -ee encom ssed by the zero I • • • 61 line' end the ice vithin the area burned vhen the aircraft exploded The i1nal decision e vaited findings by the technical represente ti -es • o th - t go er ts the c -S sh- sce·n 1 t 'le Danish nd America '1 i_ · teems oI' scientists ___ • U at Greenland is D nish te -ritory The crash also occurred during a Denish election It is not surprising therefore that · Der 'lll rk incnedietely notified the U S Embassy in Copenhagen thet it -anted to send e team or scientists to work 'llith A 11ericen scientists U eS Ons ble for the rad1ologicel su ---vey of the ere sh scene l'f 62 T'ne r ·r - · • L l1 - l 2 u s of t 1 Di - s 01 i to T ul 65 th 1t no s gni ' c e t c anger 1 culd e dst if ti - Disas- er Control Tee C1C nothing m -e t ' c c e 11 the p • cs of the bo h r ' hi_ h t is rt attr ct th inte est o the Eski o pO l t o enC res rict e t a o the e 1·ca o the crash until the ice r el tee C _JThe volu ' c' • e vate - in t -e fJo ·d is rec ' te· at 50 cubic kilooeters 66 Uso plt ton vas pri - rily e n in ialation o - _ cund c ontacirui tion he ard anc not an ingestion haterd not c an Sero• 1s to i -2 'I his ceant it es whether he et it diNctly or hether he ate e plant or nir l 1 h ch contained it 67 But hile the t cricans re confident th at it vould be sufficient to p lice up - e rea e nd the ' allow th spring tha to do the r st it as elso cle r the t the r u es did not find this setisfacto ·y The Danes described as capable ciulti-disci lined and · 68 generally friendly e nd cooperative ' U • - vere priw ily inte -ested in They - ere Prof Joe -sen r och Ph s c st Un ve -sit of Copenhee en end -of O 1- Kofoed- antien o · the University o Copenhagen M · H L Cjorup Health Physicist of the t unish Atorr ic · Research Establishment et Riso and Dr Pe - C ·ande D ·ecto · Racie tio giene Le oratO e nd Hell 1th Phys ci t liatio He lth Se -vicc Coi ecl f en The r u ber of D nish scien ists at Tiule va - ed fro 12 in the early eeks of the p oJect to one in the lat r stages of cr stec Ice ' '•• a D ing anything in the bay or allo i S di3posel in th b r vhe i tho ic b -eai- s 1 l is i· t e - ep l b All si eable pie es ot d br1s - st be pic ed up c ' c ed sr o- out to so ie uns e f ed co r a t n l tion ccntou - shculd be traded up n r r s or piles and s b li ed _- 1th fo a or '4 te i · zen 1 tto a cr s tl4 t vil -e s-e si rio s win- c rrosion This r te al C' J St t en be re o ed before b e k U of ce w'het is to be dcne vith i seems to be our proble It ho er cannot be allowed t s into the bey because or the t 1ny si all highly cont 2minated p eces ot air ra t it vill contain Also Jg lly co ntami i i ted pieces ot fabric etc that could fleet cs drift ashore and ce picked up b en U lSUspectin $ Greenlander d The a ea of iee el ed s a sul of the fi e anC ref' -o en is h g ly corr a •tir 1 e Althot O 'this 1s fixed nov he ice i el ts 2 r d br aks u the plt o iiu a11d conte in s cej dt -is 11 fall into the ay o be -e shed asho e The7 insist this should be removec -hich the calculate to be about 1000 tons of ice e They vo- ry elso that conte a ne ted plane and veepons parts·cost 11 ely broke through the ice and su k in 6• 0 feet of vater this and t e plutoniu n oxide blovn dc -n by t e blast poses vat er contamir ation pro le f f They eel en y cont rin ' 'tion of the bay in addition to lov level gener l cont 1Clinet1on vh ch r Y be e tens1ve because of height of cloud plus stable inversion conditions at crash time and subsequent 60 k ct v1nds poses ecological problems -hich shccld be looke' I into The first fo l scientific meeting on 4 Febrwiry brought no agreement on the level of' contami 13 tioa above vhich decon- ta rl ti n-vculd be re ired Relations' ere fri dly · b t he ne --' - '' · _ held to their tough policy -- They vere an - ious to vork Jointly v th- the U S scientists in collecting sacples for laboratory analysis Color el Jae - c Fit patrick MC USA said It vas my distinct im• pression that vba t the Danish Croup vould l e most is for us to promise to do a long te - i a ny years ecological study in vh1ch they could partici e te - th s vould be of academic scientific interest but · • • studied _th ce cores colle tc fr the crash sce e e d e -e is in the 1r med nte vicinity • • tacts and cr tual confidence built up bet een the· -esult se S to have co1' t r e th ·cecontaminaticn effo -t After a 6 Da l i' t'JC g -cup e s e ttitud to -2 -d · n 'tent u £l Februar- meeting the lest before the i sJor t cf the D ish grou retu -ned home they _ e -e re orted to ac ept removel of Just the im 1ct to b i • • • more -ill1ng a - 0 ice dc n to th• 1 ater and the u ier t'icial crust c ' t te · bla 1' er ed e -ea only They also se med 111 ng to accept the 11 r e -icon pos t on that the lutonii - i o ide • tt3 not an 1 igest on hll2 -d a d t h i t dilu- ttcn o t' the plutonium in the 1 -eter of the fjc -d would bring it 1'e r belov acceptable st ndarcs for dri ing i ater tic dec zion as reached regardir g the e tent of the cleacu t 'lis would have to 1a - until the Denes discussed their findin s vith their governr ent • But all in all the A '11ericans vere confident that • - ·• the1 - ·general feelings and attitudes d d not indicate as tough a policy on their parts as existed or e _ eek ago 1172 The chiel' A nerican scientist Dr Laneham vas not at Thule to see the Danes- off On 2 February CSA F notified the Disaster Control Team that a Joint Department of Defense and Atorr ic Ene·rgy •• · · _- · Cor issicn· Advisor Crouo had b en o ge ni ed to ·exarcine the - -- - • ot' the plutoniwn contamination ft °' c-ts· - -7 ' ·•--- L ang 'la n and several others fle' I back to report at a meetir g on 5 February i 3 They presented detailed hriet'ings on the s1tuat1or and their findings to date to the Advisory Cro p As a result of this meeting the Yash1ngton-ba5ed scie itists agreed that no biological ll zards exi ted as a result of the crash Still it ve s' unde -stood that a much of the debris and ccntaminetion 1 - - - · • 21 -- a O i iC - i•t st e rm t er - u Jl cl· io - be o - - h sr rins '-'t 1 - r-C the · -e u saI · - l- The D tn qui - ly ac--eed to le e t- 1 e to ba held in Co anr lt n and pro iosed it begin on 15 Fabruor • D - F ans H Koch head or Der t lr •s A J eophesi et ho ever t at thl D lnish sc e tists hsd not es yet finished the r repo t· and it • cul net be done prior tc the eeting 75 'l le u s 'had no obJectio to e rlate e n the eetin as scheduled to begin on the fifteenth The D s er not inclined to r lte s r ns de tnCs still t ey e ained co 'ls r l tiva u the Ar le 'ice n scientists iut it re- ardinJ the ·clo sr - up cf the ice and conitcring of the ecolog r o the region The u s s ri i ired to e ee to clear u the surfsce cf t e ice the c - st and loose sno he blackened crash area Ee th sides e greed that ll O e s ud r ' las r eaced tc deter ine if removal of any Jf 1 '1e ce i O' d be necesse r r le Da es seec e' to e - pect that soc a a -ee s of the ice vould be reccved if ice core se oples revealed icpc te nt e ou ts of t -a ed plutor iu end fuel The Da es did not see i to be l orried about ccnta ination of the food su ply 9f - local 6 in abite nts · but they 7 vere int rested in a Joint ecological study At the conclusion c the tvo d y meeting the tvo grou s of scientists consw ted a socalled gentle l' n' s agree ient Dr Carl Walske Assi itant Secretaryof Defense for Ato 1c Energy provided its details in a message to the ' ' Secretary of State 7T - -· a • _A_ cleanu undertaken as good housekeeping measures -·-· · · · •_ • • ·•·f' • · - -· ·-·---- ·- · ' ''• · l · clean the cmst and loose snov vithin the blackened··· t·· ·· '· · · · · · e rea Remove the c steria t to sho -e and contain it in some lay Judi ed · safe for the present but for eventu il removal f' rom Greenland if Jointly found desirable This involves about ten thousand cubic meters of material U Brother of ProJ Joergen Koch vho headed the team of Danish scientists vho first vent to' the site in mid-January- i' · ' - ··· i I i t -1 i o •I - - ' •1-1r · Jena Zlnl litr aen 1 polor 1 ci r ran La nml Uu11r 1t cr 11 nr-tt-1• c- nlro l 11r cl ucr t Je J sL11tr _' h · offfcer brJcf f lfJor O' neral n o _· ° f r · -' _Tea111 chief ai al-ed in for u round ·· •_ _ t1· - 1 di·1· f I • I e J 1- - 1€ 1 'i _t i i r ire p• f • • J _ _ t _ i - ri tltlif • ·➔- -1 - -j J - - - i- - - t J _' ' 't i - r i _•1 J i- - - t i i - J _ ts • _ F• t •• p -- ·fir _ f_ • i t · • •I _ f - • J -r - _ ••·• -- f o r r • i- J - · • 1 o - '4- _ i -• 1 p '• • - h' tjl ·--· a- - t - f ' t· h 9- _ i t' 2tr - - -- '- · 1 · · - ' I • s '• · ' - - • J '-'1 Uk • c _ - J MV- 'j -•· • '-• ° ' -l e ' - - O r i - - - - i_-- _ · if- i - -' ·•r - - · • · •_ · ····• - t J f- · - · • -1 ' -- t -r r et t' 1 v1th _01 n1fttnce - - ut f tel 1 11w r J r ' a prt'l1dtd b 1 10'✓ l• 'Btt Ut ht· t-ulbt cur • td r tu - · •t t 1 1' 1 hlr h i ere In t-nrn t zibidcied n - fnt l 1 - - roil - dru r- • • 1 ' ' • • Crtv1 our the See for 1•1l'cet or Jun lli lk•l' l eu l p• J a c11rt lh1 h 1irovldn Uluir lnot l n rc-r thu r-ur- h p rtlu - - iy_ llr ht •·· '••· · • •• · · _ - J' '· · · · IJ J At· l l · - · 'It - • 1 1J11 • t t❖r • ' ta l t·l' 1a ··n 1 u -1· - · •· 111 •r - •• ·•c- 'Jl t• • 1 • r rutlt·n • hll jft c • 1- - ttl J L- t t J J • • •- r H•tn i o •r t ' u li r n _ _ _ L-- ·or toi ah rtl Ion can • 11 'lf n rcr lll 111 ·- - 1 Sl la · i Jtl J rl111L· i t 'luh 1 1 f J• •l'rlts l tt i'°' tr' ••• 1 ·• ' _ 0 -i 'I· · i' r Exp c Ive Ordnance Dhpcaal OOD n uateche ··' 'Ltn or· arch personnel toke a hrl'ak rr0111 deanlnr up d •lorh White bar • vere used ld collect sanll 11lece Hole Liu pnmd eruund order 1n lhlc h they moved IIC1' ' U the kc · 1 I• ' _ · · I· '·' · ··• · - - J erl 1 Vll v of 1 4nk 1'on Gh Jini ronvurted 2 or -c llon r wl _ t61iks bt lne lo dC d 1 lt h ct nto ln l ted lcr 11111 la1 · o ci tt r rl£ 11 • - ' ' 'r - - _ _ 1 · Iii · t '' I _ipt rlor vie or t he Cu1 p llun iller 3 t'Onlmtlnut-1011 c ul r wit h li nea or en b S ig checked for cunla Jnr l lun 11rter • ••luu In n Dlll the Ice i U 1 • etl Slul• krl11a1-r-t 1 1 ' r lt• Dun • orl 1 1 1•S11-1 - 1 tl- ut ft Ur llan• II 1 c h 'It I roAn c f r «•••ut I· 1• J lt c r r t he Li U ih Al r h • E11C -rf •• Ct'H 't11-1 Jon rhc '·n l•r • hr rt •· pr •· Uu l ocr nu mlnnlion lruJler Ill Cbl Jl 1Ju111 Jhe1• u 1•14tJcr O ncral ft CJ 11- an tt or « on Garode - or •h 6 IC r 1 vr- t-r rontrc-l Tea et r1B11t brhl'• u s u- b u11dcr t u l rr -i rl Y 11tt erlne'Whlt r rv S ht-r r• rt 1 c n Crefl• •l Jc e urt- -uU t F J t 1-laJrJr Ctr Pl'El ll•m lter'l' rlcl t le hh c l f of fl l f ' l' lc -1 c • l •Jo t tt 'I • · Y t rx f ' 1 · 1 a i · rl Llr i t r '- - 1° E d · U f i · U r t l L ·u ort pr1i • •C'lol - - j m - ld• •n·- · h 11 U i J i t t' ir l' rt· ' 'E - 1 l • u J ' - • jt 't - - i ti 6 •J· hi 1 -• l -T 'i - '-' •11 u'tt t t - rr i ' ·r t•- 1 • J 'L11o· uriar i' r •jC ·l C' ' · t '· i •I '· f - r l J r r- • • ·n u t T iu o 'J uh i- h i -t i 0 11 • 0 0 • 25 · • - ' l '' ' ' c - p L l ' cu o • t - i $ i 1 i - c to i c J c t a -' 65 S p es t J dl t in t i r r c 7 a- izn i J Jel-'i o i t C ' J•· v 1 •1 ··- r•·-· ··• ' It o' c ·· • • - 'C -Cr ··· _ -- ·-·· l -- c ela aoou't 200 r e - ·or -C l• o 1etc · c 'ld 5V 1t t rs a i · --- -- 'ti -- -·· ------- - - -·· - ea h s de ox' i psct 3 A ess th sicl ation 1n tha light of nu - ber ' 2 i d rer ove m 1Jcr are ls of co it in itio '-'here po siol • nd s i 1ll r 1 ne -e oil is involved 4 All steps of the p -og -a a -e to be b est efforts to ·cl an up in a house eei ing se 'lsa not n cessa - st - ps to 1' t Ove a e str- t C ha rd It is antic pated tha not less t '13n 50 percent of the to l contiimin ation in the ice ar d sno1 1 - 111 be re OVd It i more l 1' ely t 'lat about 80 percent -111 be re ioved I ' the pro n goes well in the t'ield the re oved ar iount should get in the 90-95 percent r ni e b Monitoring - 51 rveille nce of the e- olcgical system rel 3tin to cn 1 cutes by which conte in tion can be intrcduce d into the n in 'iabitants of t ' e a -ea -ill be kept l 1ce - su - ·eillence until there is o gree ent that the r s or t -ansrer of llutoni to ina n is negl gible Particular attention ill be given to the seals eider duck and 11· tle e u k mussels plankton of the ba and the local blue fox Du -in5 the dry season t e dust of the Cape Athol area and elselolhere south of the bey will be c7 l iined for resusi ension of plutoniu Tole -a rus and the off-sho e ·cii tory migrator-Jl species need not be considered except as special questions ay be raised 2 The collection end sampling ill be ca -ried out accordin 1 to predete r iined protocols The above monitoring program will be supported by appropriate hydrographic end bottom sam ling of the bay Discussions betveen U S officials on the scene at SAC Headquarters and in Washington of cou -se antedated the Copenhagen _ meeting Alternative _cou -ses of action were exa mined any orie a -····· · - - combination of which might become necess --f depending upon Whst level of deconta u ie tion 1 as eventually agreed upon On 9 February the Disaster Control Team sent to SAC five col 'ses of action vhich t said • Cl l · be helprul to you in developing estimate of ncgni tude of -a ' n Th ey er e s w ari ed as f0_1 _ O s · t s'- s a d e p I - debris Co rse of Action Tvo I 1 addition to O e abov_e re1 1oye ice f -orn bt rn ar ant i mtiact are ls elt snd filter Co- -se of Ac ticn Three Remo'le cont aminn ed ice a d s iov Cc 'se of Action Four Stabili e snov vi hin ares bounced b z- ro line to p -event '-'ind s -ead of conta r inated particles oz ' sr ov a d deb -is secu e i ese ere s from inadvartent entry e 1d vai t i - t l h u d c s t i e ial in o North Sta 1· Co• se of Action Five Merely -event inadvertent entry into e -e3 u 1til tha - d -o is rr 3 te -ial into North Sta - Bay Ti e least acce tllble deconta tion e fort in ter is of cost and t r e available vas one vhich vould require removing the snov and ice meltins and filtering the vate - and returning it to the t - - In this connection Heedqu -t rs AC a in d tv possibilities 1 removal of 10 inches wf sno-- end er iosed surface ice from e three squa -e inile area plus all ice from a 300 foot diameter circle con-· vey the snov and ice to a site near the former pover ship basin at Thule melt 1t filter out the contaminants and return the -nter to North Sta - Bey and 2 remove tvo inches of snov and tvo inches ·of - -ice from en area 160 yards by 720 ye -ds cept a 300 foot dia 'l ter ci -cle v1thin this area all ice vould be re1 1oved from this 300 foot circle melt all ice and snov reoove conta 1 ants and return ate to No -th Sta - Bar 79 It considered the first infeasible in ter s of cost 11• ail Jility of resou -ces and til le to the sp 1ng thaw Toe second vas feasible althoug still expensive in the use of men end equi ent T e co - nd understood that the decisions of the scientists vould c evail Still if only for the record Headq_ua -te -s USAF wt th 1 ts pos 1tio n on the r i t 80 t - · -- cto -f o ' c st oi he - us t-ic - ' i s 3 ' l1l b111 - 11 o p• ' JO el e -li t 1d - q_u • nt diet - s l t uch s t ii b the e - e i 1·i-o in dve1·t nt ntr b • 1 ·a£ ind s't Cili in a -e a b ' fl 0d cont m1n 1ted r ateria r- r in- 1ng after ses -ch to freeze and thereby containinG t until spring break-u injects debris into see '3ter Hendq uarte -s USAF' said th t i id not v s1 13li e a _Job is enensi ·e as he one outlined by SAC in the f rst ot t e altern itives above • l ut nei t ie - t o t stic 'aS Several days before the o enfne ci' the Cope - lugen meeting t told SAC to ccm lete plans for accompli hing t ie second of the alter tives above 61 As ve have seen from the Copen lagen meet r g cs ie a decision vhich vas not the one favored by either the U S libry or the U S sc entists at the scene restrict entry and -Sit the spring ths 1s but neithe - vas it the e pen i1ve solution vh ch as has been mentioned a ove the Air Force The di -ection vas at le st clear 'll S already planning for Asked for his recoc nendetions regardir g the v rk ahead aJor General Hunziker said h preferred to store the cor t c inated snov and ice in surplus 25 000 gallon te r s a - d then bu --y them in the perma rost and sLfe method This vas a simple cheap He also described ho ever another alternative vhich involved shipping the tanks back to the United States durini the su er seuon 82 On 19 Feb -uary Headquarters USAF not11'ied the Disast Control Tea n that the decision had been C' ade to store the and snov -· -ice 1n the 25 000 gallon tanks and eventually remove them tr _Greenle nd This procedure seems to have been the one most con- · _ - · _ ··- ·- · • ·· - · • ·-• ·sistent vith the terms of the gentleman's agreement ·· It also bad · - · b e -d us ed ith Dr· H ' Y ch · c d he had fo d- it ac eptab S3 Before continuie B on vith a description of the deconte m nat on effort it seems necessary to sum up hat had happened on the ice from the middle of' January to the middle or Februa ry n the month since the B-52G had crashed an operations site Camp Hun iker had been built on the ice and reads had been graded to con lect it vith Thule 43 The conta 11in 1ted crash scene had been 40 •• C li i Th hiz · t CQr•'t 1- 1 on ' ' o d vc -c v - hi 1 th s - c lla r ht • chr JU • 1 l c i ' ' hit - ill C- d 1 · lil i k c ' · 3bCt t 21 50 l' et y 70 f 't o •i- 1 o · l SOl th Ser ' - s ti -t - ng oi' the con i r ted ice e mi sno h c occur -ed but ne boun -ies had b n dentit ed and cier ed During the month e ll a rc -a t £nd el por s debris eY cept for pieces_bl iei in t 1e ice d Seen col lected placed in contai-ne -s N oved to Thule iJ3 ·and stored in bun - e-s at the old Jni tions storei e area With the decis on no r ace re -cing the decon i iaticn Job Phase II ot P -oject Crested Ice could begin T 1e bas c pl1m 84 preiµred by the CT staff listed the follo ing objectives a Recoval of con - ➔ ted ice snd sno per t e existi g a -ee ent betveen the u s a d en sh authorities b Transpo1•ting the removed ice and snov to Thule J B c Packaging the cont i m r ated ice ar d o-- in suit ble containers for subsequent sea ship ent to a U S designated disposal area d Modification of surplus 25 000 g -llon storage tanks to sat sf'y the re4uirece 1ts ot ••• c above e Design and fabrication of any special equipment to acc0111plish the above tasks r Recover any veil pen debris that may be uncovered during sno plo ing g Continued vigilance to locate any classified doc lll ents hich ray be_ uncovered duri g snov plo ing operations _ h Insure that there is no spread of contamination to •·· · 'rhule AJ3 and that proper personnel and vehicular decontamination procedures are adhered o at all times -• -· · ' -- -- 1- Insure that a Certiflcate of Decontamination is properiy-'· · - -- - ' _ · accomplished · •··' -- · · • · · ·• • · - ·· · · · - · ·· · - U Since Phase II Ould be essentially a civil engineering Job involving the scraping and loading of snov and ice and its transportation to and storage at 'nlule a a to a vait shipment by 1o ater Major_ General Hunziker reorgani ed his IX T staff accordingly The special 1st staff vas reduced to four divisions Reports Administrative Infor ne -· ··· - · '- •• --· -· tion and Consult i nt aJor respons1b l1ty for ploving loading -- -• 52 ------·· •-1- --- -· ·- 29 t l-1 Ci • l E e n'l - - C lon l J E ·c · lin t ' i i n l ch lrt follo in 85 Althou l the ac al le nu of the blackened cr i h ere did ct ott'f fally bei 1n until earl March the acca 1 Ul it1on of equ1pc ent ·the prepar3tion ct' sto1 3ge _tanks and he testi ni of techniques for remo 'ing the snc i be n ve_eks before A tri3l h using a e- i cler to scr a e u t 'l e sno· - and c -us in a pct' 1 m o · the bla ke ie area as generally successful E l thoui h th 1 1 id cid not loase i the c -- ist uniformly Because plutcn wn o ide c n be cer gerous 11hen in '1 i led the grader operators wore respi -a ors Air s im lers inside and outside the C3b recorded no cont i in3tion · 86 h011ever Meanwhile back on base Danish netio i ils e ployed by the Denish Construction Company besan preperin the first or 75 si - lus 25 000 gallon fuel tar Its serve as cont iners for the contlcinated snov These tar ks were moved by flatbed trucks to a h l ngar 11here they 11ere purged of any fuel contsmi iants vhich might remain Th e holes vere then cut n the top or each one and all unwanted outlets velded shut N t the tanks 1o1ere transported once again by flatbed to a s rcge are on a beach 7 5 miles from the crash site and lined up to avait the arri l of the sn011 A average of five tan Its a day were prepared and celiver d betveen · and 13 March 87 To carry the snow and ice from the 27 Februery scene to the be ch the civil engineers· used tr ilers pulled by 10 ton tractors Each trailer carried tvo plyvood boies each· ·_ • · ·- - 3_v1th a capacity ·ot ll cubic yards These boxes vere fab r 1ca·t ed_ _ · _ · · -· · t_J '' _ - _· - ·__ _r · - _ by - · · Thu 1· I · AB· personnel ··· 88 · ··· ·· ·· - Phase II of Crested Ice began officially on 3 March when graders be n to vork in the blackened area They cut the snov do 171 to a depth of about tvo inches and piled it into vindrovs Civil engineers follo- -ed the graders to scoop up 11th shovels areas or discolor ition missed by the blade • The vindrovs vere also 0 Olf 'SCENE C-OMM 11 JJEll MAJ CEit R 0 Ill HZ IKER I ' I CHIEF OF S'l'AFF COL C A liOCKE'I'r ' ' f1EP0R'l'S L'I' COL LUCADF LLO COMI-MIICA'fIOlf CAPT 1- CQUESTIOtl COlfSULTAlfl' COL FITZPA'l'iUCK HEALTII PIIYSICIS ICE EXPERT GEN SCIElf'l'IFIC l i - PEIISOIIHEL CAPT MAY l tlFORl- 1 'l'I OH IW JOLIE ll11 l'll ' 'iil 1'l·JOU • 1- AJ SL P rt f -------- - rr Cf v -l c fl J T BASE COMMAIIDER COL C S DRESSER _ SITE COI-IMAIIDER COMMl ltlICATIONS SECURITr t lo ls LO -aaers l iauer EOD Com Rer ov Ice 'hackers 'J'llnk l·folde rs TMflSPORTATIOlf SUPPLY IIEJ ICOP'l'ERS Conts111inat10n Control - Dase CIVIL EIIGitlEERS •' ' • • l ·rnstrumenL Re s 1r I • t•• td • 11 _ ti'_cont a n 3 tion c -1 c '·•-••b 4 r •t-c n c ov - o' - •· r it• e cl _t _ -•• _ •- - C '•• -• ' -•----z booties and r sps At the end of each ork shift all personnel 89 j lassed throush 11 aecon ct 1 io11 st 'tion • n sn effort to reduce the ha srd o con minstion plans called fer the re oval operation to be perfcrced by 111 Chani· cal ans es cn ch as possible Follovir g the graders c belt leaders to du p the snov into the before-mentioned sno h lulin boxes mcu ted on flatbed t -a lers When the boxes ere f lled a tractor pulled the trailer to a point outside ·the possible are3 ot' conta dr ation There it un i ooked a 'ld returned to the snov loading area and a clean t -e ctor hooked up and haulid the snov bo es the seven and one-half llliles to t e loading area On the re urn trip the clean tractor left the trailer oatside the hot a -ee to be oo picked UP by one vhich had been used at the site • Blessed vith good veather during the veek 4-11 March the civil engineers me de good progress in cleaning up the burn area With experience operations proficiency improved The lov tecper tures continued to cause problems vith the vehicles hovever The belt loe ders broke down frequently but they vere replaced by frontend loaders On 10 March 128 snov hauling boxes vere delivered to t 'le tan c farm from the ice By· the end or the next day the greders had completed their first pass over the entire burn area ··After·- · -- - this vas do ·six ar as still shot red significant r d gs of - on · ·· ··· -• -·• - · _ • · · - - ' ·• · -- _ · ·· - · -· i ' ·· ' _' ' _ - •' · · ·- - _ --- _ J - - ta 'l ination The graders then made more cuts to rec ove additig l '· r snov and t 'lereby lover the contamination to an acceptable level • Cleanup er the burn area vas completed 15 March In all over 800 boY e i of snov vere delivered to the tank tarm On 16 fl arch Hun ilcer '·'-· reported 6 of the 25 000 gallon tanks filled vith contaminated snov 92 · '55 ·--- -··· • _ --- •' e T 1 le - E e d t --J tS Orted t t'•· ' o t -be e S'tO - r e c -e a bcu h f 5 or events t ok plt • at the ta loaCi g far 1 'hen th- cor ta ninated a snow arrived ' ' l £ lei ar -hing tr ctor t iler v u positioned adjacent to the storaze t n l td be filled and the ri serl cl E ner • Air Force persor nell p -cceedcd to attach the crane slir 3 end unf s n the tarpaulin co ·er o the d u end of t 'le fir lt bo - b The box vas then lifted abo le the tani and positioned over the ho pe - • ThP be and gate -as tripped and the conta inated sno11 ancl debris du ped d The box 11as then 1 Spected by the rigger cleaners to insu -e it '113 s eu ty and returned to tha trailer e The same steps vere then r pe ted vith the se oncl haul bo r f The tractor trailer then returnee to the c sh site f r another load g Rigger cl aner person el used shovels and ra es to distribute evenly contaminated a tterials vith n each tan to insure · me - 1 nU -n utiliz atior of available volume W'nen a loading port vas fl1ll loe ding operations vere 1110ved to the second hopper vhieh ves already prepositioned over an ei pt loading port by the second crane Rigger cleaner persoMel then sve t dovn th hoppe located over the· loaded port and the secoa crane removed this hopper and placed it· on an adJacent em t loading port The e r terior of the tank around a filled loading port vas monitored tor contamination and cleaned by brushing nd sweeping as required When cleared by a radiological nitor the second crane replaced the lid ·on the filled loe ding port ' •· ·· J r 0 • • -· · · - • ·· Th f_1 1 step tn the loading process vas for velders to seal the • · · e 1r _ ' three tan It openings to provide an a·1r and veter senl nte last tanks · __ - - · '_ _ ····°' ·· • • - - 1 • • ·· ·• · _ _ • · - · - -- - - -- 1 - _ ' t· 1 · · • ' ere sealed on 5 April · In all Tl ot the 75 tanks transported to ' · ' ·c J i •' M· f' '· · th1 b e - ii - re 'filled- o · these r ly - rti l 94 l n 18 March three days after the cleanup or the burn area vas completed American and Danish scientists held their second end last tor i u meeting th s time in Washington They revieved progress to date and considered vhat actions needed to be taken to remove t 'le cont3 ninated snov ana to provide for a continuing program ••• • • _ _ ·' -· -r- '· - · ·· '' • Dr W -i h' L l eh l 'Jl o 'i'e - d s mly·ses of ice core let ke Zi - e the 15 Feb -usr r sc er t i'1c 1 1eet tr 6 • At the end of t o c ys of d1scuss or s anotht r ''gentlec m's egree111ent ws issu e which de S led U s and il n sh responsibilities during the fir l st ii es ot' the • project 9 · l The eirc -aft deb -is cu -ren'tly stored ·in s led eon e'in rs v ll be remove fro Greenland es soon es convenient poszibly th s swr mer based on the ava1lab1l1tl• of retro1 -o de cariO• 2 Regarding the bl 1 ck area the cowl measu res tOn lated to date ere considered adeo ue te T ne sno-J and ice 'llhich ha been removed is stored in sealed metal contein rs and pre se its no hazard in this ste te It is agreed that the con ined re d oactive i aterisl will be removed i' -01 1 G1·eer l1Jnd as soon e s convenient The e act e proach to be em loy-ed i e concentration by filtration versl S bulk re1 10 -Ul is to be the ubject cf detailed study by the U s · ur Force The recommended plen vill be presented to bott verr ments for e proval pr or to il plemente tion 3 'f e vehicles V1 ll be deconte n ne ted to levels consistent vith good he lt '1 physics practices It 1s ·agreed the t less· · th n 2 x 10-0 u c cii 2• 450 CPM e s measured by a star card sVipe se nple constitutts e n acceptable level insofar as the tires are concerned On the vehicle itself a factor of 10 belov this level 1s considered adequate · 4 The proposal to enclose the crash scene by stanchions' and rope is acceptable -At an appropriate time the Denish AEC will take measures to release the hitherto restricted · _ · • · area tor public use vith the exception ot this limited - z one · - ··· · - _ _· · · -- - · · · - vhich v1ll continue under obs rvation · 'Dle· Danish_ 11 $· ·· · G · be _ ot e- -- _s_ f P -1 - _pla t _· · ·• - ·_ -_J _ _· ---- · - ·· --- - - - _ Jlf r -- _ ■ ··• Atte - ettendins the Vashirlgton meeting t-bjor Generel Hu 'lziker retu -ned to Headquarters SAC and resumed h1s duties as Director · · · of Materiel Before he le 't Thule he· vas otficielly replaced by Brigadier neral Albert J ao -1ey Co ma nder o ' the 45t '1 Air Division Loring AFB Maine and lately President of the Accident Investigation Board Brig idier Generel Bovley then supervised t 'le ter une l phases o C the proJect He deperted on 31 i-f 1 -ch when all _recovery- search and_ ceit ring t 10rk ended ·- '·- - '· - - - --- - - - - - - - · U _ - · · • · •· - ·······- _ · • • •• • -· -_ - ------ --- - __ _ ··•- - •- -··· --- ----· -- -- 5 I - is ·agreed th t t e U S A - F' J - -ould r ipl- 1 nt ' he r r c ion t - t the 500 4 -t- 1net- r 3 tive r cion o-t tha - p iet re 1 - th c b•J 1 sa d to e c l-e - tl the c c l ing of l s -eg on This techr ique w ll be tested on s m lc ke ss early i s possible 6 T ie regidn cuts1ce the so-c illed black area and c cr ed ice e -e i vhiCh is estimated to cor tain an 1nsignif1csn part or t '1e total P- t cistributed on the ice _vill be -left in its present t i te j Reads and othe - public a -eas v ll continue to be monitored and detected conU 1nation 1 11 be ke t to levels cor s tent vith good healt '1 physics prsctices 8 The uin 1' i'arm and other restricted vork a -eas will e lso be mon1tc -ed and by the conclusion of operations con 1nat1on vill be reduced to levels consistent vith good health physi s practices 9 The Danish AE vill conduct an ecological pro5 -Sl 1 as described in the attached pl in th loe ist1c sappo1·t be ng p -ovided by the U S Ai - Force as required 10 The Danish AEC v1ll conduct su --ve1lle nce ot the shore lines in accordance vit '1 the attached plan The U S Air Force will be aw Uable to assist as reouired in the removal of aey discovered debris ll The'quastion r a possible sea bott0111 seareh va s res -ved tor turther study of costs and utility by the U S Air Force Should a search be undertaken the results vould be made avaUeble to the De ish AEJ ' l 2 As II genera l policy any of the above plans are subject · to modif1cetion based on new evidence as it is collected ' -··· · · · 13 • Major policy questions vill continue to be decided on ·-· · · · ·· _ • · · · the basis of llashington Copenhagen agreement · Minor policy - · · •and detailed operation al decisions vill be made Jointly at - - Thule - · Three tasks re r nined for the Disaster Control Team roping off of the crash area treatment of the ice to accelerate melting and U 1na l decontamination of vehicles and other equipment used in the crash ares driving steel stanchions nto the ce and f inen1ng pe to the i The fence en losed an area 4000 feet lor g by 2500 feet vide 96 Every 100 feet sisns p inted ellcr 1 and lettered in bbck nd tastened to the rope They 11 ned 1n the Greenlar der dtc lect TikiniOG lnerte - qkautauvok Admitta ce Not Peri i1tted and n English K ep Out · 1 • tocpleted on 24 arch 98 several da s late - the fenced zrea vas 0 enlarged to give an add tior al C argin of safety 99 U Also in the i iterests of health and safety the U S ud egre d to t -eat the crash e -ea about 2500 square meters vfth C3r lonIt ws hoped 111 this vay to accelerate melting ize·d sand On 21 Me -ch the DCT bege n by spreading a mir ture of carbon am send on i 100 test area about 20 by 60 feet No melting took place during the next fev veeks h011ever the sun vc s still too lov on the horizon 101 • end it vas too cold • • When ell IlCT activity ended on 30 March the respLnsib lity f l t the Thule base co J 1S nder to apply the carbonized sand vhen veather conditions permitted 102 ·· U · Al during the Crested Ice operation· the Radiological D vi- sion or the DCT had given caret'Ul attention to the safety ot p rsoMel vorking at the c 11 sh site and to the contain ent of contamir a t on there d at the tan It far i 103 PersOMel were processed through· a · decontami tion building 'llhen they left tli1t ice and vere · rechecked • - _ air- in upon· ivai at Thule The only containinat -d ehi ie permitted·_·- '· · · · ' •• · _ __ to leave the msh _site vas the _flatbed used to haul snow· d- i ce to· ' _ · '· ·• · -· • '· - • •1• __ - '· -· • · · · • · - · -· '·-·· the storo ge area e nd ee ch time ·be 'ore leaving it ve s brush s· 1ept · ' ' ' ' • 'I - •• -· · · •-• ·• ·••· ·- • • _ • • - • • • • • • U Ste nd l 'ds used vere a maxi ·or 450 CPM for U S personnel es measured by PAC-15 instruments and era l vel for foref sn i e Danish persoMel · ··-·--- • • r • • -• -----·····- • 1o1ere cllref lly monitored vhen they tu ned to 'rl t l e U The Ro diological Div131on began of vehicles prior to their retu -n t b se This inyolved rou h decon•2 •naticn at the ce p and th n procesz ns · 105 thro i on- of t- o 1Jete - and ste l n clea ii g fe c1li ti- S at the be iie'· In all 144 vehicles and pieces c equip ent vere decont minated The 106 finished 5 A •ril One of the belt lonc e -s used on the c could not be de on r nated do - to an acce ta lle level so t at O CPl•i for re no 'a lle equip ent and 450 CPl4 for fi ed equi nent It '3 s fir ally painted to fi the radioactivity ll leled rad1oact ve ste 10ll 'ld pls ed at the te ' i farm to a a t re nove l f -o 0 -eerJ i n 1 Ill ' - g the final veeks of vorr the Radio ogical Division also on tored all l ldings at Thule fl•eq ented b · OCT pe -soi mel but no signit ant conta tl - tior was found lo8 Eight buildings used at Ce p Hun iker 109 vere decont m1r ated by 5 April On that date the senior SAC D saste - Control Teai Officer recaining Colonel Walt er B Creer info ed Major General Hun iker I have personally re iewed the i'ircl deconta iation of buildings and equ pn ent and the proced s reco ended for the cont nuing monitoring of the base I aQ assured tMt St C's deconta iins tion responsibilities are completely met • • • ullO On 10 April the CSAF asked the U S E ibassy in Copenhagen to notify Danish A E C authorities that all ve icles used in the project had been deconta iinated as asreed upon at the March meeting and that 70 of Tl sto age tanks h d been welded shut 111 One had been le t open n c _ e additional conta iir llted debris was discovered during periodic monitoring of the storage sree s Air Defense Co nd personnel at Tht l e had been trained to operate radiological equipment and would ntain s r 112 ve llance until the tanks were removed 'r01 1 Creenl lnd Coo _ 3T Less than 75 s c officars 3nd re r nad f r a l l- i- 3nd n J i 1 · I ri o cn lonse - 0 1 leting the Job of cieconUr n it on cepe r'ted ule on o r a bout •o U The last cl' t he n 114 Apri1 • l aadque -ters USAF ve Air Forca ·Lo is'ticll Co i - ind the· Job of disposing of the redi ctive wste du -ing tha su -- i er sh pp lg see son A 1 3 sk fo -ce from San Antonio Air M l tariel A -ea lent· to Thule in July 0 It pt ed the nov melted conted n inu t' - JU the 25 000 gallon ten s into s iller modifiad R-4360 ang ne conw ners 'l hese containers had e 1 ved earlier by ship The t inks of liq_uid' · residue and t te barrels or contam1r i ted v -ec lge vere then tr ns orted by ships of the Military Sea Transportation Saryi e to the Atomic Energ CO iss on's facility at Sawnnah River arrivini there on 4 October T le E C biu-ied the t beside the barrels of contaminated soil collected at Palomares Spain 11 5 P RT III Conclusion St -ategic Air Com nand had tlovn airborne alP 't vith nuclear veapons for nine years before a B-52G crashed near Palomres Spain and precipitatad en extensive recovery and decontamination operation · Tha percer t ges might seem to have·been against a similar incident considering that airborne alert was· reduced in scope 1'oll011ing the 17 Jan r 1966 crash _'but accidents blive ii vay of picking their ovn • • •• • • • - •• • • • ' _ · 1 o · - ' - ' ---•-- - - · • r- _ _ • · J t1me to happen · ·Two years and four days later another B-52G slashed __ - ·s r -• ' - 0 • • • • • • • • I • • • • • • • · •• ·•• • ••• • · - - ble ing path across the ice of Wolstenholme FJord ·seven miles rom ·- - ••· Thule AB Greenland The tvo immediate effects ot the accident vere ·-_·· the cancellation or airborne alert flights vith veapons and the launching or a Palomeres type recovery operation The prohibition further flishts affected cOClllland operations _little of' Plans had already been approved for_the replacement of airborne alert by a nev and IIIUCh more flexible concept called Selective Air and Ground Alert or SEACiA ' • 0 ···•··· ' 0 ln - £ co 1tc o r t o o ' ' th crush s nt 1- ould hnve to be o c o l shed th i 1 ti i to the - S tis 'a t on oi· th Cove -r ent of ►- tr ark Pt cr - e - $ ar T 1ule e - c de 1ts ' i '- -e s p -fict ll s l · the both rwolve l l-52GC r q ui -e e 1 E 't-e sivi -eapons recover and dl on a icn e ' 'fv -t E r for d s osal ere _ e ich Eut d s te their general si ilarity th t o situations ver • _dif ' re t in detail The P 1loc- res e ccident occurred on one o the most hea ily po lateC co ti nt on e rth T'ne Thule acci ent o cu -cC o one of h lc st pop leted ccntir n 5 u te r n 1 rclly T ule inv sti5 tion it bece quite cle that ell th b obs had been destroyed in the c -ash '-'hen their high e - plosive contcr t ito iated end that nor e of the pieces of the e ircraft had gone through the ice i lso 1-'ithin three cays a ter the crash pu lic interest 1-'as at leas pa tially di ve1 ted the capture of 1 he U S intelligence sh• p P e lo Also irn O 'tant vas Thule's relative inaccessibility The base s diffic lt to get to the accor odations vere spartan and the cli te quite inhospitable in inter Of course the fact that public relations· rega dins the Thule O eration vere C1Uch better than they he d been e_t Paloffl res the Air Force Chief of Inforr e tion Major Genere l W C 116 Garle nd called the 1 1000 percent better - cannot be considered corr pletely fo -tuitous ublic relations per onnel had learned fro1n the Palo ares epi iode The policy for release of information 1-'a s deter iined befo ·e the ne srnen e r -ived A represer tutive of the De art- rr ent of D- fense's Public Affairs office 'as present to r ake decisions The fev reporters ho ca ie 47 fro 1 six nations but 25 '-'e 'e frorn U S - I br l g ht the P to Cati on t'O -i- c t ti1 - c a 1 h si Thi do 1 hei - c- i in inte -ese v i t set sc ie hoco -a hs and l i ve t l lt ic t li ht orld In m gr itqde o effort t le Palo u-es ope -ation vas by far the greater or the ti ro in ter ns of UU npove and money - pended When coc paring the vorking environ ient of the tvo ere sh scenes ho -e ver the Thule recovery and cleanup must be counted as the more difficult oi' the t' -o to accom ili h t t the he ht oi' t ' e ope -3tion e -ound 800- USAF persoMel vere involved in t le PcloC' res ope -a on This does not take nto account the considerable tla - -y tas f'o -ce e ncho -ed off the coast du -ir g recovery of the· missing borr b The· me - imum nu -nl er of personnel e ssig ied to C -e ted Ice SAC ADC ··end other commands vas cot d 500 While no definitive costs e -e ava 1al le for either operc - t on soc e coc e risons can e made In cl ims alone the USAF paid o- -er a halt' million dolla -s to Spanish· citizens The· U S tfa-r r pre- 0 sented t le Air Force v th a bUl or $5 mill on for its assistance • • • •1 The hisforia o the Palo a -es operation reckons the totai·cost to · the -U S · at al out $25 million llT_ Operations and Maintenance funds ex ended by SAC during Crested IcE totaled $272 000 118 No c l in S · had been led by Greenle nders to the date or the pre tion of this history Air Force Logistics Comme nd rec l oned 'the cost ot disposing of the contaminated ve ste at $998 W O thiS does not include cost of tro nsport by the Military Sea Trs nsport Service or port handling costs but does include the AEC costs of disposing of the conteadne nts µ 9 · The total cost - or the operation i estimated at s -ound $2 m ion • ·• U The Headquarters SAC Disaster Control Team dispatched tg the ere sh scene -as composed of individuals vith the skills necessary to 1113 ke an assessment of the situation and to dete inine vhat needed to be done Other US F col lll2nds and other gove -nr- er tal agencies responded quic ly to requests from the IlCT tor assistance A group · · · ·· of American scientists ar -ived to ad rise the control te coamcnder - • · 40 on technical and scientific matters Perhaps their most important con- ibution hcvever vas their 8Y-to-day v ing association Vith the Danish scientists vho came to Thule The Danes a highly intelligent and skilled group held all the cards yet they chose not to be difficult or demanding Initially and quite understandably cautious and conservative regarding the extent ot the danger pres nted by th contamination they tended to move toward the opinion ot 1 he U S scien tists as evidence vas gathered at the scene l'h_e decontaminatio n effort then must be ccnsidered largely as tultillin a poli ical ri spons ibility and completed in the interests ot what has been called good housekeep ing practices The veapons recovery and decontamination objec ives ot Crested Ice vere success comple ed well before the thaw set in at l'hll le the Government ot Denmark was satisfied and despite the arctic environment the general lack ot experience 1n such a climate and the existence ot contamination personnel illness injury anii frostbite ver minor and the precautions en to control contamination vere quite sutficient to prevent it trom becoming a haZ U' l to health In all ways Crested Ice must be judged a highly successful and well • · managed operation · _ nus PAGE IS lKLASSJFJED l The evolution of eir orne alert is described in SAC coc - ind historie5 e fte ' 1958 The T n le mo iitor m u on v is flo1 1n in acco1·dance vith SAC Operations Order 23-68 C1ant wi1eel A p 'DI Anne - B l i-lE'i S Surveillance l Jul 67 • · 2 Tab A USAF Accident Incident Report Atch 2 to·Ltr Bri Gen ·A J Bo ley Pres Accident Invest gation Boa_rd to SAC tos J Report or MaJor Aircraft Accident n d circa 10 Feb - 3 Ii- 5 Ltr Brig Gen-A • J Bo ley President Accident Investis tion Board to s c OOSD Re iort of ttaJor Aircr3ft Accident n d circa T Feb 68 v 2 atch l Distribution Table and· 2 Acciden·t Report Tab H AF Fo in Tllg Ltr ·Col C s Dresser 4683 CCR to Chief SAC Disaster Control Teai l Repo t of -Support 4683d Air Base Oro p B-52 Accid mt Thule Air Base 21 throush 28 Janue ' 1968 30 Jan 68 · 6 BOJO Report· 109 B4 1 2· as of 24 2l0TZ Jan 68 Ltr Col c S Dresser · 4683 CCR t Chief S OCT Report of Support 4683d ANJ B-52 Accident · Thule Air Base Greenland 21 Jan 68 thro h 28 Jan 68 · 31 Jan 68 Mr • Zinglersen served from 21 January tjirough 9 February as erctic con lultant·· to the OCT His understanding ot the Thule locality and its Eskimo inhabitants ws a valll l ble asset to the IlCT during the esrly veeks of the Crested Ice proJect He vas in fact the only one there vho could talk to the Eskilllos • For services rendered Mr Zinglersen vas paid $600 00 ·•The value or these services ws recognized in late February vhen during a visit to Thule the • _ Honorable Ka therine E Wldte United States Ambassador to Denmark · · · '-·· _ - _ · presented h m vith the United States Air Force Exceptional se ice· · • · ·_• _ _Avard • It vas the highest such avard the USAF could pres nt· a - __ · - _ · · · foreign· c1vil1an ·· MsgJ' SAC IlCT to SAC DXI n s • 15 191oz· Feb·· - · _ ' · -· · · · _- 68 Msg SAC OCT to· SAC DXI Avard tor Mr- Zinglersen 151233oz · · · ' · · Feb 68 Msg · SAC IlCT to lJSDAO n s 19 1905Z Feb 68 Msg SAC JX T to OSD PA NAir• Force Exceptional Service Avard Presented to Mr Jens Zinglersen 25 2305z Feb 68 · 7 8 Ltr Col c Pyle OOSD to CINC B-52 MaJor Accident Thule AB · 21 January 1968 22 Jan 68 Final Report Hq SAC ProJect -Crested Ice 15 Apr 6S Com i a nder's S ry • pl _· _i _ 11 F ' l F C - je t Crc e1 ce 15 A SL i - l Lt- · tt C l C E Cl -k tCZ ' t # €2 Cc - - - lr C - 1 s c 0 i • i 5-5 5C-l33 - j• '· A iC - '11 ule J 21 J · · 1 9 '' c Gill I 00 t J c 3-- c -dc it Up tie 22 Ja C-3 23 J'an C 3 Lt- · f- lJ Cl 1 A 10 Lt - M l J C 1 22 Jan 65 c Ciller i II to to cnrc a-52 Accide t U c i te 11 Mss 4 3 AB Gp to CiilCSAC Persor f'ro 11 Hun i - er · t o··Na ir o • Init l Dll ly Ac vit · ·Report 23 02 aoz Jan 68 Ltr Col c S Dresse 4633d AB Gp CCR to Chief SAC Disaster Cc trol Teru i • Report of Support 4633d Air Bese Group D-52 Acc ent T 11 le Air Base Greenland 21 Jen 68 through 28 Jen 68 31 Ja s 12 Inte -•1 e- R J B yd H stcr len vith 11 aJ D R Go- · ig Ch el' of the itial Recor issa ce Su vey Tea at the acc Cent s te 22 J a -- · 1963 2 Fe 65 • 13 bi d l g 4683 Af Gp to CINCSAC Pe sone l f' om l- ' fr e 'to i l er -o In t al Ile ly Activit Re icrt 23 0 2CZ Je n 68 14 Ir terv e R J B rc r sto - n - th f aj R r F er an e nc l f J E ·sc- i -t U-2 Sect on toSEO Hq SAC 29 F- l 68 • Lt - f a J Gen A c Gille i I rcs o Hq SAC t C CSAC B-52 Accident Upde te 22 Jan 68 Intervie - R J Boye Historian · wLth f a J John P a si asRen Mission Co der 22d Te ct c 11 Recon Sq 27 0900 local Thule AFB T3 n 68 · · Basic Pl rf • Crested Ice Recovery Ple n 2 Feb 68 - 17 Te ied stetement of Ma J Gen R 0 Hun fr er IX 'T Cc nc - 24 Jan 68 18 P pt Hq SAC P -oJect Crested Ice ' 15 Apr 68 coc r a nde 's SI pp l 2 5-6 Ar ne -c G Appendix I PersoMel Buildup Crested Ice Recovery Plan Phase I 2 Feb 68 pp 3-8 19 Crested Ice Recove - Plan Phe se I A 1 'lex A On-S te Ca mp p 8 Interviev Robert J yd Historian vith Lt Col Y N Turcotte Ple ns and Reports Division DCT 26· Ja 68 Msg · 4683 ABG to CINCSAC Daily Report Number One 24 0T45Z Jan 68 Re ort Hq SAC Project Crested Ice 15· Apr 68 Vol 1 Annex C Append 1 C V pp 1-2 • 20 Msg CSAF to SAC CCT n s 24 l458Z Ja - 68 Inte -vie R J Boyd Historian -1th 1st Lt J L Thompson Jr ·29 Jan 68 Msp SAC X T to C aicSAC Daily Report Nu - ler T- ro 24 Ja - 68 25 0415Z Jan 68 Under the general su iervision of Mr Zinglersen t e Cre uancers and their doG $leds proYided vuluablc assis nce e rly i t e 09er t cn ran port ncr personnel A t r ice roads h ld be c- t to 'thi sce -e srid o heli -t in talled th f r services were no lor ger needed Fourteen drivers their dogs and sleds served until 9 Feb r ' 'he drivers werc i paid $13 a d i The Air Force also fed the dogs from its stocks of vesl and horse ie t dog i'ood During their activity at the scene several Greenlanders picked up contamination on their clothing Some articles could not be c eaned and hnd to be replaced by polar bear kins ur hased i'r0111 De _- 2rk Tnis vas the only claim 11111de by Creenlanders· ag inst the U S Government as the result o the crash Interviev Robert • Boyd Historien vith Col C s Dresser 4683 cc 31 Jan 68 Ltr Col C S Dresser 4653 CCR to SAC tcT Reporc ot Support • • • 4 Feb th --ough ll Februa -y 1968 20 Feb 68 Msg SAC rel to CIMCSAC Deily Report Nu iber T-_ o 24 Jan 68 Ltr Col c s Dresser 4683 CCR to lAF CJA Cl'7ims Evaluation 22 Feb 68 21 Msg SJ C IX T to CL'iCSAC SitW tion Report No 5 es of l400Z 28 Jan 68 28 l945Z Jan 68 To provide expert opini n re611rding t e condition of the ice and its scre gth the tcT called in specialists f'rom the U S Arl IY' Corps of Engineers Cold weather E lSineeri 'lg Le boratories and the Navy's Oceano rsphic Office Sea Ice Branch ' 'heir stl dies gave assurance that the ice· would probably rea ain strong enou for com letio o recover and deccntclllinat on operations 6 tr Maj J D Pettet USA C f E t o· Ccm111 nding General Operation Crested Ice j ce Core Se pling 5 Feb· 68 Lt - O E Frar k e -istein CSA CRREL to Co 'ldir g General Operation nerested Ice Summary or Ice Testing Operations lO Feb 68 w l atch Report · Dr W I Wittmann USNOO · comments ·and Recorr 11ende tions tor Sea Ice Surveillance- Suppo rt 5 Feb 68 · Above documents are Tabs 3 4 e nd 5 Appendix IV Annex I -Final Report liq SAC Project Crested Ice 15 Apr 6 3 J ··· · · · 22 Msg SAC DCT to CINCSAC ' 'Situation Report umber ll as or l400Z 3 Feb 68 23 Msg SAC DCT to CINCSAC Situation Rep rt #18 as or l OOZ lO • - Feb 68 l0 l2l5Z Feb 68 · · · · - · ·•- - _ · - · - - _ · · · - · ' · - · - - _· · _· · 21i- • Interviev R · · Boyd Kistorian vith Capt D W Kc uestion · 31st 0 Comm Sq OIC Co111111 Div DCT 28 Feb 68 • j 25 Ibid Report Capt B A- Zmac ynski OIC SAC JCT 8AF Suinr arf ot esent Com inications 5 Feb 68 26 Staff meeting Report or Base Support Division Chief Col o c Krentz 26 Je n 68 Historian in attendance · · ·· · 2T · Annex° c a sa Support· Division Report Hq SAC Project Creste Ice 15 Apr 68 ----- ··- •• 29- Msg SAC DCT to CDJCSAC Supple nentar Report to Daily Report tlwnber 3 26 14 3oz· Je n 68 Msg SAC rer to AEC AIJJ 'Fourth P aport y Paul R Scdth AF C r LO 26 161oz Jan 68 • 30 l ls SAC DCT to cn1cSAc Daily Report Number 4 26 Jan 68 · 27 o435Z Jan 68 Msg SAC OCT to AF C J 0 Fifth Report by P i ul a sir 1th a ALO 27 2115z Ja 'l 66 31 Msg SA OCT to ClllCSAC Situation Report Nw iber 6 u i5ooz 29 Jan 63 29 l458Z Jan 68 Debriefing stateir ent by Majors J R Russell and E J Crim Team Chiefs 3l l930L Jen 68 on tepe or Repo -t · crested Ice 15 Apr 68 Anne -cA 'Append L-c 34 rv pl Msg SAC DCT to Ci fCSAC Situation Re ort 5 as of 140oz ·28 Ja '1 68 28 l945Z Jan 68 Statement on tape or Cl•S Hadden Teem Cl ief' Recovery Division 30 2030L Jan 68 JX T to ClllCSAC situation _Re rt ·1µ as ot· 14qoz 3 Feb 03 l4lOZ Feb 68 · Msg - SAC 37 Msg 3S0sAW 380 DCOCE to Asst DIR lSA n s 24 l300Z Jan 68 38 Msg SAC OCT to Cll CSAC Situation Report Jan 68 28 1945z Jan 68 · · 5 as or i4ooz· 28· 39 Msg 4683 AB Gp DCTl to 380 SAW Report ot Investigation ot -Loss or Possible Compromise of Classified Material 02 00l0Z · ·E eb68 • - ·· •··- · '· 40 -Rpt Project Crested Ice Hq ·SAc 15 Apr 68 Annex IT p l A Append - --_ li 1 Rpt Project Crested_ Ice Hq SAC 15 Apr 68 Append1 't m 42 Rpt Project Crested Ice Hq SAC 15 Apr 68 Appendix r v pp 8-10 p 1 · 43 • Rpt Project Crested Ice Hq SAC 15 Apr 68 Appendix I p ll · • ·•• • h4 - S - C i CT to CIH ZAC S °t on rt # l l40CZ 13 F- b • 11 l 4 11 3 ·F J 63 R t C ' t t't d H 1 S C 15 Arr CO Apr t1d - IV p l p l SAC 6 Msg Hq_ SAC U T to CiliCSAC Siti atior Report f 4 as ·of 1400 16 Feb 1' J03 i6 19 oz Feb 68 •· 47 Msg H-t SAC DCT to' C TCSAC S t tion Rep rt if26 S of 1400Z 18 Feb ls $8 18 1635z Feb 68 48 pt P -oje- t Creste I e 15 A'pr 68 Ap endi 'C DI Su '11 ' U 'f of Searc es p 1-2 Msg SAC I CT to CINCSAC Situa t on Re ort #34 as of 1400Z 26 Feb 63 26 1700Z Feb 68 50 Hsg s c tcT to cnrcsAc Situation Report 30 ¥ a 68 30 18ooz r-r 68 5l R t ProJe ct CresteC Ice 11 #tJ7 as of 140oz 15 p- - 68 Appendb IV Su ' ' U Y of Sea - h s 2 unutes OCT Staff Meeting Statements of General Hu iker end P R S·• ' 'l 27 Jan 68 Msg SAC DCT to ilC ALO Fifth Report of Paci R Smith 27 2115Z Jan 68 Msg l iAC DCT to·· · C12 CSAC Situet on Report G- 5 es of 1400Z 28 Jan 68 ·28 1945z Jan 68 · · f 1 - 53 Msg SAC DCT to AF Cf LO Sandia Base Ne11 Mexico Ninth Report of AE C -LO Representative • • • 04 2oo8Z Feb 68 Msg SAC DCT to J EC f J O Sandie Base Ne11 Mexico Thirteenth Situation Report of J £C AfJJ Representative • • • 09 2 l5Z 'eb 68 Msg SAC DCT to CIHCSAC Si uation Report #35 • - • 27 1540Z Feb 68 Rpt Proie t Crested Ice ·15 Apr Hq 68 commanders Sumnary p 2 Rpt SA · Project Crested Ice A e C c · Base Support D1rl ion 15 Apr 68 Msg SAC DCT to AEC ALO T' enty-first Situatiott Report · • by AFJ MJJ Representative 19 0915z Feb 68 •- 56 Msg SAC OCT to SMJ-tA Support of Crested Ice 16 1345Z Feb 68 57 Rtit Hq SAC reject Crested Ic' Anne - C Appendix VII ·p 19 58 Msg SAC OCT to ilC p lJJ Sandia Base ''Eighteenth Situation Report of AE C MJJ Representative 16 0003Z Feb 68 59 IJ·J R -•Jjec- C -c ti tl c· H· S tC 15 6 3 Re · • - Pl n hasc 3 · 61 AL · 1- sg SAC t CIHCSAC n s 09 221 oz Feb €-8 62 Ksg Al• E -t JASSY Cope ge 1 to SecState Thu le B-52 Cl-a h 23 133oz Jan 68 -isg CSAF to s c Do n sh Assistance i I R ldiobiological Su -ve • at Thule 23 415Z Jan 68 64 Hsb SAC OCT t C Sandia Sa$c ScccnO Re O -t or Nuclea - A ci- den 24 19ooz Jan 68 65 Msg SAC OCT to Af C LO Sandie Base Fourth Re iort b r Faul R Sr i th M C c J 'J 26 161oz Jan G8 66 R it Proje- t C -ested Ice 15 Apr 68 Ar_ 'le I Scientific Adviso -y G -oup pp 5-6 67 - 68 p 6 Rp -eject Crested Ice 15 ft pr 63 Coa - ance -s S · p 6 The exceotion ve s Otto Kofoed-Hansen described variously as ur friendly and difficult and a brilliar t scientist but erratic intellectual -He left Thull on 1 Februar re ortedly- vith a report for the Danish Government vhich va s damaging to U interest ' ' He 1 as s i id to have concluded th at the problem· of contamination -a s very serious and that a large portion or· ve tern Greenland and its adjacent vate rs ve re endangered While Kofoed·nar en must have caused the Ar e ricans at Thule some an ious mbments it clear from the attitude of his fellov · Danes and the ch racter of subseq_uerit Joint agreements the t his opinion vas a minority of one Rpt Project Crested Ice 15 Apr 68 -Anne -c I Scientific Advisory- Gro11p Rpt p 4 Ms f SAC DCT to DepState B-52 Crash Project Crested Ice 02 2230Z Feb 68 · · s - 69 -Rpt Proj ct Crested Ice 15 Apr 68 Com na 'lders Swmiary p Anner I Scientific Grou i Rpt p 70 Tl- 7 Rpt Project C -ested Ice 15 Apr 68 Anne I Appendix IV Tab l pp l-2 Rpt Project Crested Ice 15 Apr 68 Anne I Appendix IV · T 1 b 2 PP l-3 72 Msg SAC OCT to C NCSAC I OD ATSD AE n S • I 70 6r - • 73 Msg CSAF to OCT n s Ol 2352Z Feb 68 Rpt Project Crested Ice 15 Apr 68 Annex I Scientific Advisory Group General pp 4-5 10 The official invitation is quoted in msg SECSTATE to AMEM ASSY Copenha len B-52 Crash Joint State 'Defense Air Force AF C Mesi 11 ge '' 07 0035Z Feb 68 · 75 Msg AMEMBA SSY Copenhagr' l to SECSTATE B-52 Crash Danish Scientists Accept Invitation 09 12ooz Feb 68 Msg AMEMBA SSY Copenhagen to SECSTATE n s· 15 174 Z Feb 68 Also details in Rpt Project Crested Ice 15 Apr·68 Annex I Scientific Advisory Group General p U 77 Msg AMEMBASSY Copenhagen to SECSTATE from Dr Walske· · U s · Danish Scientific Meeting • • • 16 1655z Feb 68 78 115g DCT to CINCSAC n s 09 221oz Feb 68 79 • Msg SAC to CSAF Operation Crested Ice 1J l65Bz Feb 68 ·· The estimated cost of first job was about $5 6 million and the· second about $400 000 80 lEJ · 81 Msg CSAF to SAC n s l3 l800Z Feb 68 82 • Msg CSAF to SAC rcT n s i9 23o4z Feb 68 This· message· discuss es tel econ- between Gen Hunziker · Dr Carl Walske · OSD Atomic Energy and Maj Gen Otto Glass er Asst 005 l J J USAF · 83 Ibid 84 Rpt 'Project Crested Ice Basic Plan Recovery Plan Phase II p 3 Ms15 SAC I cT to SAC IM Nev Organization Structure of the ICT 26 1852z Feb 68 Rpt Project Crested Ice 15 Apr 68 Basic• Plan Recovery Phase II pp 3-6 · · · · -86 - Msg SAC ICT to CINCSAC Situat ion Report 325 17 1345Z Feb 68 •· 87 Rpt Project Crested Ice 15 Apr 68 Annex L Civil Engine rs ·· PP 4-5 88 - pp 3-4· Msg SAC I cT to CINCS AC Situation Report #1 1 as of 1400Z 4 Mar 68 o4 123oz Mar 68 Rpt Project Crested Ice 15 Apr 68 Annex I Appendix IV Tab II p 1 ll 11 s c CCT s t io 1 R pc -- s il s 41-52 in R lt -ojr c C -e - c-e 15 Apr 63 A periC i • Co1 n nde - 1 s S - - - 0 1 ily S t t on Repor s 41-43 i-1s SAC D' T to C NCSAC Situation R port #53 as of 16 March 63 53 I II 6 15t 5z - - 68 • Rr'7 -ojec1 C -csted P 6-7 --- T P ti 15 A ir 63 Ar ne - L Civil Eng ee s 63 A r_ e L Civil E i ncc -s 94 P c P -oject C -c$ted Ice 1 Ap p 7 55 Rpt H s c -oj ct C -est C Ic 15 Apr 68 Anne - I A pe 1i ' V S- e i ti 'ic • eetL- g 18-19 1-'sr h 1566 pp 2-3 Article 3 of the ag -eer e t was char-eec slightly late - efter Dr Clen See borg C air 1 of th ft EC questioced the fi es u d-i it The rticle then rea T 1e v1 hi les v ll be conta nir ated to lc rels cc i s stent ••itn· gooc hetlth physics p - 1 ct ces It is ae -eed t hat less tha i about ten to the mi nus fi C t rr icrocuri s per centimetei· 450 C M a rnes su d by a stat' da -d s - iJe sa ple con tit utas e n e ccep ble level insofa - as the tires are concerned 01i t 1e vehicle itself e factor of ten belc'I t is level is considered adequate Ltr Hans Hen -L Koch Chairman Executive Committee Danis 12 C to the Honorable Dr Carl Walsl' A ssista '1 t to· the Secreta 7· of· Defel' se AE n s 26 M r t-isg CSAF AFSSSC to· SAC· occ U S i 2 r ish C- ntlemen' fl g -eeme i t 04 20111-Z A pr 68 11 11 11 68 R i P -oject C -ested Ice 15 A - 63 Annex L Civil Engineering p 97 9 Msg SA C OCT to AMEMBASSY Copenhagen n s 24 1602 ar 68 Msg cs a F 'SSC VBACG to SAC r cr n s 26 1751z Mar 68 Msg CSAF 1 r--sscA EACC to Al· EMBASSY Copenhagen n s 02 1819z A pr 68 • 98'-'- Msg 59 SAC OCT to A MEMEASSY CcperJ1agen n s 24 1602Z Mar 68 Hsg SAC DCT to CillCSAC Sitt 13 tion Report Nr 64 es of l400Z 27 Ma 68 27 1513z Me - 68 Rpt Project ·crested Ice 15 A r 66 A '1 ne ' L Civil Engineering p 9 On 29 January Creenland aut 1oritics had closed the are around the crash site to entry by the rui tive population Only those sled drivers employed of the USAF vere empted On 4 April the off-limits area was red• lce to the fenced and ir a l- ed area around the crash site itself · Lt - sig ied by Erling Hoegh Chai ' len of Council Cleus Borner - in Acting Cover i cr of Creenland and Kaj B Beck Che irln n of the local Countil at Canak Tempora -y- Reg 1lations for Thule District 29 Ja 68 Msg USDAO Copenhesen to 4633d ft for COr Jl' i nder SAC 'DCT -oject Crested Ice o4 l539Z A pr 68 ° · ·- · _ _ ·-·- _ -·- 102 1-b5 s c to C iiCS C s t ic - · • ·t - - - 1 J 11 30 t 6 j0 1500Z l- • 63 F 1t i · j t C · t •d 5 l p - 68 CJ - ' ' S Sc - 2 ' · p 6 -- Fv - C t l of t t c is 011 ' - i · Cr- - th 11 11 - C · - i Ci ·ccti C tJ R t 2 · 1 · C · s- - _ - l A- - G1 -_- - 3 R • olc i i n e s - - -- i _a • · f'O • - • __ '· t pp 11 --- -vj - ' C -e tc- '- 4 -5 o s II 1 - - i o - s D t 4 t et £ 1 Col G ·ee - 0 2l45Z '- 'J-- -c5 109 Z fsg 110 t- se S ' C • 'T· 0 45 JJ Gree n s 09 2145 _ _ Col lll Msg ¥ SAC OCT to CI CSAC Situatior R p rt #oT as of l400Z 30 i• a 63 If 3a 180oz M 6Sj Ms g H s c OCT to C NCSAC 11 SitU t i01l Rl pc -t fr 5S as of 140oz 31 w - 68 31 1 ooz Ma - 63 11 l• sg · SAC I GT to 45 f et n s 09 2145Z A r 63 - · for b j Ce i F ur H er from Cal Greer 'rhe C 1 l of P LFC I s - i C -ested Ice is incl Ced in P -cj• c C - stcC Ice F iio ct - C in- 1i ant D' spo al Rt po ·t p -epitrt 1 bj H Sen ft n 0 1 io Ai r- ' e - ie eu e id inc C f i the ip i lern -j• doc' c t3 volu e or tti his t J- -J 1 --0- Lt - M sj Cen W c - n i 1 1 n s 16 Feb 5-3 · Cr -l Di - of I -- c OS F to M j G n R O i - - c -·· St _ -- • 1 S4 ' · _ _ _ • ---' -' -'- -' ---7 ____ -'- -'-' -'' ' ' '-' --' --'-' - -·--· - - •·······• D · r - · - -- J 2 - ty - · · ' f · - · - • - s - · _ _ r - e i Ci • c t ' • • -- J