-·- ·Approved For Rel ase 2004 03 11 J I3-01042RQ00800010006-8 2 O AUG 1975 25X1 25X1 MEMORA 'iOUM POR _ The leYiew Staff VIA Deputy Director for Adainlstraticna SUBJECT Senate Select Coam ittee Re uest ARTlCHOKE BRGOT 1 l efor e1u e is nade to the 7 August 1975 Vel h tl re 1iac 1t of fr rn1iot J we Sen ate Select Com1 ittee -Staff to ---- r ill '7C - S- ----i -- ---- i - of the Office of Securi tr for certa waen s rom t e Office of Security unnwaberod file entitled ERGOT tf which ir a xwell hat reviewed 2 Three copies of• 9ortion of these documents requested by I-ir Maxwell are being forwarde 1 herewith in an WlS nitiz ed form Th •se docuaents wen not saniti2ed by the O fice of Security in Yicw of the n oed for additional coordlnat ion within the Agency prior to their release to the Senate Select Committee l Fu rtheT two of those docw utnts requested by Mr Ha xtitoll are 'fbird Agency material and will be fol liarded to t 10 R 6view Staff via a soparate memorandum 25X1A JL--_ _____ ltobert ll Gaiiblno Director of Security A tt Uistribution Orig U Z · Addressee w '3 atts 1 - DD A w o att 25X1A 1 - D Security w o att l - OS Registry w o att 1 - SAG w att 1 llDL1 S I w att OS PSI SAG L____Jbp 19 August 1975 E2 IJI IPOlil CL l Y I ___ ___ Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R0008000100 SECRET 5 ti OO J Approved For lease 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042W 00800010006-8 0 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 E9 l 99-s WJOi Approved F 9 ' Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01 R000800010006-8 J _---- ' dn l1' 1 G-' _ _ l_ 7 i j JL l I i t 25X1A - A 1 - t ' Z ldtht r __7__- 3- - o- lJJ i A i ·-ta ' · 6 -tr - ----I - 'AA ' f'I Q¼ Oc 6L J o -' e U_ I ·-r1 - - - oA °' y _ t 1 I -- A i I l-t f r l-f C e_-1 ' I'-' Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 ' STATINTL I - Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042ffir00800010006-8 · - STATINTL SS ROUTING SLIP I I I -FOR Circulation l -- 4' D _t -- 5 -- FORM NO AUG 19531 _ 93 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 4ot 25X6 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 Next 5 Page s In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 A eroved For Release 20041SfiC R LP83-0104 0 080001 t ooof CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENc Y 'C e p 1 ·- WASHINGTON 25 D C ··· ··· ______ _ fl 3 'f 5 -- l t_1 i ' i l l 11 _l j '' __ 1· 't 'lu lo £ 25X1A HiiM RANDUM '1'01 ME- Frank O 'Wisner SUBJECT Transmittal ot SC1ontif'io Intelligence l'anoraadull 1 Deputy DJ reotor Plana T l OUr atud1ea ot unconventional wartara have ineluded for some t1mo the potential agent Iqserg1o Aoid D1eth7lmdde LSD vbicb appears to be hotter adapted than know • to both interrogation ot priaonara and use against troops or civilians The Soviet Bloo has the neoca8817 auppliea ot er t J' 'rom which to S711thes1H this drug Moreover the Bloo ia prosumabl ¥ in full poesession ot the pertinent 1ntomat1on on 1t since it 1a OODmlGl o1ally avalls ble and open literature carries full aecounta ot experimental usth 2 Booause ve feel tba the mattirr 1JB3 be or concorn to you ware torward lni the attached Sctent1f'1o Intell1 -enoe HeroorandutU1 which dlacussea brietly the 1ntell141ence it7plicat1ons of LSD o sI ha a 1n production a det ailed •tudT on this drug that aw mar1ze a the literature on the ou bjeot recounta the rosulta of medical exporimontation with it and deals dtb its possible a nthesia and production This otucv 9 Stra te 1o Ued1cal Sipir1canco ot Iqecriio Acid D etl rl amlde LSD • will soon bo uva1loble to thosG who have a p«r41Jl tmt interest in the su bJect ILLEGIB H MARSBAtl eBAMltLL AmliBtant Direotozt Sciontltio Intellicenc• Copies attar--ch_o_d_ _a_ _ _ _ _---- 25X1A i I I 1 - WUJ is Gibbons C 'l'SS 1 - Cornelius Roosevelt TSS Approved For Release 2004 03 f fCJfff 3·01042R000800010006·8 25X1 lysergk A id Diethyla ide tSD ' _-_ N N-Diethyllys rg'a ' nide ' ' ' - · i • 'j ' f CIA SI 101-54 5 Augus_t 1954 · •· - _ ·- - - - - - ' -- ' '·• OFFICE OF SCIENriF c· INTElllGENCE f ' · · · • ·• Approved F- ·o - or n e eas e -2004 03 1 ciA-RDP83-01LR0008ffl l N f - _- - • 4 Approved For Rele• r l · CIA-R• eBJ-Dl D42RDDDJ10006-ll Scientific Intelligence Me lloran'dum ·25X1 • POTENTIAL NEW AGENT FOR UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE Izy-sergic Acid Dietbylamide LSD -Diethyllysergamide This memorandum is based on intelligence ' available as of 1 August 1954 CIA SI 101-54 5 August 1954 · c ·2- it c i · -· CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY ' O • c _ - - Oi ficeof Scientific Intelligence 440A i b SECRF I' Approved For Rel iase 2004 3711 CIA-RDP83-01042R0 0800010006-ll 25X1 Approved For Releb 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R0009°10006-8 I SECREil'1 _ 25X1 ' DISTRIBUTION Alien W Dulles DCI l· Charles P Cabell DDCI l Robert Amory Jr DDI 1 Fr3 nk G Wisne r 1 nra I 25X1A C FI 1 _ ----------' FI 1 Will ye Gibbons c TSS 1 Cornelius Roosevelt TSS 1 ifll'ield Edward Dj curit - 1 AD SI I I f -11- Approved For Relea i03111 · CIA-RDP83-01042RJ00800010006-8 25X1A ' Approved For Re e 111 11' 'o 37r r1- r1- - 7C IA'1r l'-R l IO-np-ng' 3 -_ 01 o ' '4 '2 _ R1'00010006-8 ' 25X - PC1rENrIAL NEW AGENT FOR UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE IQrsergic Acid Dietbylamide LSD -Diethyllysergamide Lysergic acid dietbylamide LSD N N-d1etbyllysergamide a drug derived from ergot is of great strategic significance as a potential agent in unconventional warfare and in interrogations In effective doses I SD is not lethal nor does it ve color odor or taste Since the effect of this drug is te ora ry in contrast to the fatal nerve agents there are inq ortarit strategic advantages for its use in certain operations Possessing both a wide margin of safety and the requisite pbysio1ogical properties it is capable of rendering whole groups of people including military forces indifferent to their surroundings and situations interfering with planning and judgment an even creating apprehension uncontrollable confusion and terr r · pr all substances now known to affect the mind such as mescaline · barmine and others LSD is by far the most potent Very minute quantities upwards of 30 millionths of a gram create serious mental confusion and sensual disturbances or render the mind te orarily susceptible to many types of influenceso Administration of the drug produces in an individual such mental characteristics of schizophrenia as visual or auditory hallucinations and physiological reactions of dizziness nausea dilation of the pupils and lachryma tion These reactions however are not neceasari1y obvious and only a trained observer after giving psychological tests may definitely ascertain that a psychogenic drug has been administered Data although still very limited are available which indicate its usefulneas for eliciting truefand accurate statements from subjects under its influence during interrogation It also revives memories of past e x periences In at least one case there was co q lete amnesia of events during the effective period To date no antidote nor specific counteragent is available The effect of LSD may however be shortened in duration by the use of chlorproma zine barbitur tes or the intravenous injection of glucose Very limited methods of detection and identification are known such as fluorescence staining and spectrophotometry Although the mecbanism of action of this drug in the human b dY is not fully understood it is nevertheless known to interfere with the carbobydra te metabol ism and to affect the ·cent'ra 1 nervous systepi certain of' tbe' brain hormones and other body f'unctiofls · •h - --- •-- ----- -- - - - _ - - - - - - -- --- ·- - _ - ·- -·__ - --- -· ¼OBI is· nov com pletinga detailed study of LSD that will deal 'with fl h the com p0sition of' the drug its psychogenic properties its development experimental use and distribution This study entitled Strategic Medical Significance of J ursergic Acid Dietbyla mide LSD will be made available to those with a paramount interest in the subject -1 Approved For Releas J 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000ju0010006-8 ·2sx1 A proved For Rel fBBM13 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R00 010006-8 25X1 LSD is a partially synthesized drug and was first prepared by Sandoz Ltd of Switzerland in 1943 The unusually cO JU lex synthesis of the lysergic acid fraction of the drug attempted by many workers during the past 20 years has apparently not yet been acconu lished by any country • Progress in the synthesis of the drug in the United Stat s is reported to have reached the last and most difficult stage Conu letion of the synthesis will facilitate-the rapid solution of many problems such as that of an effective antidote stability- more effective derivatives and or_· combinations more accurate dosage ranges adequate methods o specific detection dissemination and conu lete control for which there are still urgent_ -strategic needs · · The basic material from which LSD is prepared is ergot and the Soviet Bloc bas an abundant supply of it The preparation of LSD bas been published openly in considerable deta l Further Sandoz Ltd has made available free samples of it for clinical testing both in this country and in Europe It is therefore assumed that this material is available to the Bloc inasmuch as no effective geographic limitation 1s known ' I -2Approved For Release 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000 00010006-8 25X1 --· Approved For Releatte 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 · · · •• -- ' It • - Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 I i · -· Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01G42R000860010006-8 lctcJ -f µ_eLu_O l-__e _µ IQC 00 Clc_J_j- - ILLEGIB ldil • • TRANSMIT fAL S IP STAT NTL Date REMARKS I f f• t t ' i _ i______________ x A i i FORM NO SEP 1946 36- s· Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 25X6 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 Next 3 Page s In Document Exempt Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 DEC 1951 - 25X1 SECURITY INFORMATl N CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INFOR l°-N REPO_R P _R N - I - -- COUNTRY' Switzerland RESPONSIVE TO SUBJECT Review and Preliminary Report of Experimental Work on the Pba cology of sergic A id Diethy1amide · - LBD-25 PLACE ACQUIRED BY Oat 53 SOUR CE OF 2 ___ _ DATE ACQUIRED DATE 1 SOURC'E - BY 25X 1A INFO Oot 53 THII DOCUMENT CONTAIN' INrO•MATIDN Ar £CTINO THE NATIONAL Ol'ENS£ OP THE UNITED ITATIS WITHIN THEl'EAHINO OP TITLE ANII 714 OF TKl U I CODE Al ll'ENDED 11 DATE DI STR 'f- NO OF PAGES 6 NfJV SJ IECTIONf 711 NO OF ENCLS ITS TUNIMISIION OR •EVE• LlTION OP ITI CONTENTI TOO• •ECEIPT IV AN UNAUTHO llED '£•ION II rd SUPP REPORT O ------ ' THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION SOURCE a US citizen profes or of pbarma ognosy at a major US university He is well known in the field of' pba maoogno1ty -through many publications appearing in US scientific journals · His present· dut1H ·1riclude_supervision of all developl lent and re11ea rcb connec ted wi th thE mt -di ciJ1alplant gardens maintained by his un ivers1ty His work nth the produ ction of ergot and its alkaloids through natural means and by tyn t hesis 18 recognized throug out the scientifio world b US citiz en professor of pharmacology and executive o f ficer of the School of Pharmacology the Medical School of a major US university · at He holds a PhD in pharmacology and a degree of Doctor of Medicine He is doing extensive research on the peysJo Logica effects of d-lysergi a acid dietbylaaj ne LSDf25 upon animalitl and poliS bl y' h t L i · - __ -· - _ · _ 1 53 we - ere f'urnis l _amp1ej Jltiof_•i-l yaergic _ acid diethyl amide LBD-25 by· Sandoz Ph ar maceut1cils a divi fon- of -Sandoz Che m lcal Works Ltd - to On 23 J n conduct extensive experiments In addition o the LSD-25 we were given a cash· grant by Sandoz to partially support our research work Our departments of phar ma ognosy and pharmacology have worked together on this project which is about two thirds aompleted Following 1s' our combined preliminary report on the Swisa · controlled material 2 INTRODUCTION ''Lysergic a id diethyl amide is a p tially ynthetic d erivative f the ergot lkaloids obtained from the fungus Clavicepis purpure_a vhit b gr·ova ·as a contaminate on the fruit of rye I jy sergic acid d 1 etbylsm ide belongs t9 the ergonoyine group of these alkaloids and is obtained as a eondensation prodµat of d-lysergic acid with d 1 ethylamide It has the fqllowing stru tura l formula - • - • c - • • -· -· • • '' ·- L ' ST PAGE FOR sus -ECT AREA CODES 25X1 SECURITY INFORMATION This report is for the use wit n the USA of the Intelllgenee components of the Agencies indicated above It ls not to be transmitted overseas without the con originating office through the Assistant Director of the Office of Collection and Dis minatlon CIA Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-_8 25X1 l 25X1A 25X1 · roved o - elease 2004 3 11 IA-RDP8 i-01042R • O fl u1 wO OW l06w - w6_ _ _ _-- - SEC - 2 - ' ' Lysergic ac id dietbylamide was fiht synthesized in 1938 by Stoll and Hoffman 1 Lysergic acid dietbylamide is known by the code number LSD-2 t is soluble in_ distilled water but dissolves best when four parts by weight of tartaric acid to one part of LSD are used The material used in these experiments consisted of lee 8lllpules each c c containing 'O 10 milligrams of UID-25 This preparation was indicated for oral administration but in the animal exp rim entation the solution was administered parenterally usually intra venously 3 I Description of the Action of LSD-25 on Humans 'Rinkel et al 2 describes rour e ff'ects of LSD-25 on humans These are as follows Phase l prodomal phase the period between the administration of' the drug and the height of the eaction lasting about 1 hour ' Phase 2 the height of the reactionoccurring l to 5 hours·a f'ter the drug has been given Phase 3 the period from the height of the reaction t r seve aJ ho ll's representing 1l_e d liilni bment pf J s ffects h s - ' _ ·_ ··-- _- · · _ t · -- i ¥ i ' Phase ' 4 · th after _ef cts iasting-f'r9m - one to several days 'i Sigris ' - observable after ·the administra tion' o f- th drug1 may be divided into' two tu general groups · · · -· ' ' - - - · - - 0 a Those referrable to the autonomic nervous system and comprising slightly increased blood pressure and heart rate slight' vasodilatation nausea and occasional vomiting slightly incr ased salivation perspiration and lacrimation dilatation o r pupils mydriasis a slight increase-in blood sugar a slight and ·temporary increase in total white count Ali of these symptoms were va iable and all were not observed in any one subject Indeed some individuals responded in opposite and unpredictable ways In general it may be considered that LSD-25 produces autonomic ins bili ty 3 • · b Motor symptoms were those of ataxia· which 'was gene re U 7' sl ight lack · · · o r precision in movements slight iricoordination and unsteadiness · and occasional faulty speech in articulation There was occasional facial clonism with clamping of' the Jaws trismus and forced · laughter In some cases with high doses there was produced catatonia ✓- ' 25X1 I SE R m Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 25X1A 25X1 · ____ _ _ ---------- ------- - ---- - -- o 10il86 B - 3conditions with laok of-- facial expression and preservation of body -posture 3 In human subjects the mental effects are generally marked Consoiousness ·is maintained although oacasionallydisturbed There ts a t'eeling- of· in-toxioa-tion Judgment ancl · memory are not usuall y-- i mpair d The' subject· ilJ usual 1 y aware ot his oonditimr and the f acrt- 'that-· he 1 s· e ltperiericing effects due to- ··· -- the administration of- the drug '· Si atiar orientation remains good There is disturbance of- time Judgment • Attention and' conoentration are reduoed There is some incoherence ot ideas and the faculty of expression is decreased Euphoria is evident by disordered activity Occasionally shown by mania behavior with unmotivated attacks· ot laughter Oaoasionally the euphoria ill passive apathetic and hebepbrenia There may be tears resentment ag essivenesa or passive withdrawal into indifference ·sometimes there are suicidal ideas There is sometimes associated anxiety d paranoid trend•• ' ··sensory perceptions are disturbed Either by dist rtioI or by hallua l nations Colors· ' seem brighter and shadows more intense In the dark there are hallucinations which generally consists of flashes of light line patches of color or complex geometrical · figures There_ is false interpretation of noises ate is ·usually lost although sometimes there is a metal lia_or bitter taste experienced There is a feeling of strangeness and distortion of certain parts of the body Ther• is a feeling of depersonalization and there is the impression of looking at one's self' from a distance of having lost control of one's real self as it having changed and become more or less unreal and out off from the rest of the world The acute effects generally wear oft in six to eight hours but in most oases there is a more or less unusua l mente l_eondition persisting for the following day or for the following week Sometimes the euphoria lasts for several days and there are periods o dreaminess alternated __ with depression 4 and · ·Rink el al 2 state t t tbfre are two me in types of psychiatric effects of LSD-25• to be distinguished · · •· • · et a Manic expansive reaction with psyahomotor excitement euphoria · and less frequently depression b A schizopbreni reaction with slowing of mental processes inh ib t on autism depersonaUza tion and balluoinations ' The majority of subjects present a mixture of these two extreme types • 'Pharmacological Ef'feats ·on Animal e 3 - · · -· · - ·__ ' ' - · Originak obserw ti ons on2 25 i e' a _iit w 'Th L n a sh eci exeitte toq ftectla of the a rug·and are most marked 1n • va 1tz1ng ··m1oe 5 _ n tlie _dog th rtf are evidencea r of autonomic effects as seen in salivation-- Higher_ doses -prod uced · moto'i rigldity Ji rabbits there is evidence of motor excitement in medium doses It has been reported that LSD-25 resembles ergonovine in that it produces contraction of the rabbit ut ru• · It has been reported to have no blocking action to adrenalin in contrast to ergotamine EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURFS ''Description ot Effects ·or LBD 25 · - 1ri i n1ma1s·· - · AND RESULTS 0 · bbit administered 60 gamma per kilogram intravenously showed after the lapse of three to five minutes augmented placing reflexes and a slightly increased vigor of the righting reflex This effect lasted from 10 to 15 minutes after which there was loss of the placing reflexes and loss of the righting reflex · There was dilatation of the pupil and loss ot the respons to light _ data admiµistered 50 to 100 gamma per kilogram showed1 nareased alertness and appeared ·to·f'reeze in attention· to •small movements of' obJecta •• i Later there was a tendency for the animal to retire into dark corners where it remained immobile There was dilatation of the pupil and absence of' reaction to light The entire duration of the e ff'eot was·about one hour after which the animal appeared to be normal Dogs administered 50 to l 00 gamma per kilogram showed inaoordination in walking ·and evidence of' excitement This was followed Y paralysis and dragging of the hind-limbs on s· 25X1 BEOBETI ------------------' ' ' Approved For Release 2004 03 11 C A-RDP83-01042 R000800010006-8 r 25X1 -Fo leak ' • 25X1A 9_ 3111 GIA RBP83 9194ffl'ii oa e_e_es_a _______ - 4 - walking but the animal preferred to remain immobil staring at some objec t or corner of the room These effects lasted one half'_ to one hour after which there was complete · •' recovery of· walking and running movements ·' 6 Action of LBD-25 On Spinal Reflex PathwaY•-- i Ipsilatoral Responses in Frogs Large Rana· Pipien frogs were used The spinal Gord wan ·transected at the level of the medul la by means of • 13he rp scalpel The wound -waa packed w1 th a pl edget of cotton control bleeding The frog'· was suspended from a stand by means of a hook tb rous'h the lower Jaw and allowed to bang free Stimulation was applied to one or the other of the lower limbs by mea ne of an ele trode consisting of two parallel brass rods 3 mm in diameter separated 5 mm apart The frog's foot was placed between the electrodes and stimuiated for one second with varying voltages from a Harvard inductorium The endpoint or tb reshold voltage was reaorded as a point at which a reflexing response occurred in the l eg effioient to withdraw it from between the electrodes This was recorded in °etimulation units 0 each unit representing a 1 cm gaa between the prilllary and secondary cause of the indulltor tum The higher the numprical value of the stimulatiori uni ts SU the lower the actual voltage Bet ween the appl ico tiom of test stimuli the frog 0 s f'oot_and leg was imm ersed in a -beaker of no nria l saline After a control period of 30 to 60 minutes during whiilb the thre hold voltage as measured b y the stimulating uni ts was determi1 led t 'le solut 1 on of LBD-25 wai introduced into the anterior lymph sac Resu1 t s of these experiments are g1 ven in Table 1 to 7 Table l Ipsilateral flexion response of frogs with cord tran eotion below the medulla Experiment Dos in gammas 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 5 t 8 9 10 ll 12 13 14 15 eff in mi nutes lJ R L 15 30 14 45 15 60 15 13 12 60 5 Mean threshold Duration of' 60 Mean threshold After LSD before LSD L R 9 -t 5 -t-·2 4-2 0 5 R 11 9 11 11 11 11 5 11 5 13 5 10 5 12 12 11 5 25 120 135 13 13 1 2 15 25 25 25 · 120 120 ·16 5 15 l L5 l l 5 30 90 18o 30 90 18o 12 15 12 1 0 12 5 ·13 l ' · 1 2 16 ' 10 1 0 50 12 15 11 •7 ·30 c - •30 'c - - -· J i 100 l 00 _ ' ' - - - ' r t ii c· ' 100 200 200 200 -·· ll 45 ' 1 05 120 60 c - - 13 5 · 105 ·' 120 -1 5 il4 '-'· 13 15 · 12 13 5 ' ll 5_1 s 10 u 12 2 Tbreshol d Dif'ferenceff l -0 5 _2 0 -0 5 1 0 · -o _ 5 0 3-J 2 0 0 -1 a • 5 -l O 2 0 41 Q 3•' ·¾ 2 0 1 Q-· ' 3 01 · 1 0 Y• j 2 0° i 3 Q3 11 4 L_'__ l0 5 _j 2•2 t2 j 1 8 5- ' ' LO ' - 3 0 J ' · ll _2 -5 0 12 17 -lfThreshold voltages are recorded in 'stimulation units' SU -l-lfPositive number e indicative of a higher threshold negative figures indicate lowered threshold 8 The general results may be summarized a as follow u The threl3hqld voltage requi r·ed for evoking ipsilateral i'l exion-_ ___ responses was in most cases higher after instillation of LSD 25 In some cases with higher doses there ·was complete abol i tion of __ response to the stimul ua regardlesl o-£ the increase in yol e _z i · b 25X1 The preparation studied represents essentially a three-neuron re f'lex pathway L6D-25 appears to aot directly upon the neurons at the synapse Its effect is charaateristic of blocking or retarding conduction at this point s ___ _ _ ' ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ J Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 25X1A Approved or Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R00080 SECRET ____ _ _ _rsx1 - 5 o These experiments in frogs leave the possibility of inaction at the myoneural Juncture wb ioh will be Jonddered in the following ex_peJ 'iment 9 -- Effeat or raD-25 on the Spinal Ca Flexc Re_epons_e- i A deca pi tate cat preparation -was · us d in the following experiments The oat was anesthetized wi th ether The trachea -was oannulated the -common e rotid arteries were isolated and ligated anteriorly- and posteriorly- and sectioned between the ligations · Using a 30 amp cautery the muscle structures and other tissu es were divided exposing the spinal column at level C2 or 03 A heavy cord or wire • then tied around the exposed boey spinal column and woun l tightly to reduce hemorrhage by- oompreasing the vertebral arteries The spinal column and cord was then cut through anterior to the ligature - As soon possible af'ter h11B cord • section artifical respiration was begun A blood pressure was recorded from one of the common arotid arteries A venous o nnula for the administration of the drug was introdu ed into the right femoral vein The left fe m ora1 nerve was exposed and sectioned and the tendenous insertion of the left tibialis anterior musoie was isolated and connected to a recording lever The left ciatia nerve was exposed The nerve to the ham string muscles was sectioned and arranged ror stimulatio The muscle twitch was recorded after the bone of the left leg was exposed and pinned eecurely Warm saline packs were used to protect the exposed nerve structures between the application of $timu1ations this prepuation it is possible to_ elicit muscle c ontraotions as the result' of stimulation at two points The stimulation may be applied'to the nerve leading directly to the mus le in which case the effect of the a gent on the myoneural juncture '1 DaY' be tested or the stimulation may be applied to the sciatic nerve in which case the pathway traverses the spinal cord It was possible to show that the LSD-25 did not a f'feot tran mission to the muscle through the myoneural junqture the threshold stimulus remaining constant ai'ter the administration of the drug The LSD-25 did af'fe t transmission through the spinal aord aynapt'ic junctures diminishing the conduo·Uon eventually blocking this pathway entirely It was not possible t o secure recovery of the preparation and restoration of the pathways and it is believed that the effect of the agent extend£ beyond the life of 'the d ecapi tate prepe ration as ·In and 10 Sympbatholytici Effecits of LSD-25 Udng isolated rabbit ute strips maintained in a standard smooth muscle bath the LSD-25 - epinephrine anta gonism·was studied After the det rmination of a uriifo respon e to a standard amo_unt-of' epin phri ie qua titiJUI -gf 4 5 10 15 l ' and 20 gamma of LSD-25 _were__ added'to the_5_Q' ' ml bath the 'epinephrµie responee of the t- Etmooth musd e wae depressed in -the same ra y ai it is depressed by ergotQxin ' On i one·strip 20 gamma of LSI 25 produced a depre sion of the'epinephr t ne contrac ion--- appr9 ii imateJ y comparable- to that produced by· 3 gamma of ergotoxin ethanosuli'a'te -· ' This indicates that the quantity of LSD-25 requ i red to produce equivalent effects of ergotoxin is approximately six to seven times greater 0 ll SUMMARY a Lysergic acid diethyl amide produces evidences of autonomic effects and motor ffects in intact rabb ts oats a nd dogs b It produ c 1 s bloc king of spinal eynaptio tranB mission 1n frogs and Qats There is no effect at the' myoneural juncture c It is capable of diminishing the epinephrine effect on isolated rabbit-uterus · 25X1 SEC IE'fj __________--- _______ Approved For Release 200 4 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 •• Af P• Relea'e 200410°31 I I IA-RDPBJ--0 I04 RO o81 t -6- Stoll A and Hoffman A Helv Chim Aota 261 2 Rinkel M De Shon _ H 3 De Shone ·H 4- j Rinkel Mand Solomon E and Cerletti A 944 1943 • I Ho Psychiat 108 572 i952 • Q t··a6 · 33 ·- 1952 - - 4o2 1949 Becker AM Vi n Z er venhk 2 5 Rothl 1n W and Solomon _B O Amer- Jr Psychiat ----·- R 2r ------- ''REFERENCES J r 25X1A Helv Phyaiol 101 - end 319 1952 ' i t· · - r A CODES j J'E 'C I T-1 _ _ usRAHY S w 614 4 644 01 29M 29M • ' SECRm1 ______ _ _I Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 25X1 DEC 1951 i 1 - Approved 1 a 2004103111 · Cl A RCPS3 arhM 0800010006-8 25X1 SECRm SECURITY INFORMATION CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY ' 25X1A 1-· INFORMATION REPORT COUNTRY UK Swjtzerlan SUBJE T Experimental Psychoses and other Mental Abnoi malities Produced by Drugs RESPONSIVE TO Z' 1 CD NO 00 C NO PLACE ACQUIRED BY SOURCE I -ORR NO DAS NO DATE ACQUIRED BY SOURCE OCI NO i1 Aug 51 to Sep 53 DATE OF INFO Sep L------'-------------- DATE DI STR c2_ Lj £ 3 53 · •- NO OF PAGES l TH IS DOCUMENT COP T A UfS- I HFORMAT I ON AFFEC Tl NG THE NA Tl ONAL DEF ENS£ OF TKE UNITED $TATES AND 784 OF THE_U S WITHIN THE MEANING OF TITLE CODE AS AMENDED 11 SECTIONS 713 LAT ON Of' TS co NTENTS TO OR REC I PT BY AN UN AUTHOR I ED P-ERSON PROH IBITEO BV LAW ' NO OF ENCLS · ITS TRANSMISSION OJI REVE- SUPP TO REPORT NO THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION 1 SOURCE I IS TH£ R_fPAODJ CTION OF THI' Sl PnRT IC PRnHlltlf ft 1 US citizen who is on the faculty of the medical school at a major US university He is a professor of psychiatry who has done considerable research_ on the effects of various d rp gs on the centraLne·r vousi system OQ e of' his IDajor fields of interest is research on the psychic changes brought about by dosages of d-lysergic acid diethylamide l I have read with interest the extract from the British Medical Journal dated 11' Aug 51 and titled Experimental Psychoses and other Mental · Abnormalities Produced by Drugs The author W Mayer-Gross MD FRCP director of Clinical Research Crichton Royal Dumfries me is well qualified to discuss this subject 2 Our university is ooI1d udiI1g_5 l 1 1 1ca1 studies on d-1 ysergio 11 cid diethyl amide LSD ' '2 Lv1 I c'li 1 f an exc1ustve- ·product of Sandoz Ltd a Swiss p _ iHff ceutical compa iit- ' flprpo pt ihe se inveatigation13 'iif to determ1rie' tlie f' i1rnm ' 'human and animl4 -1 1iysfoiogic o l-nd psychic reactions to this substance ' 'r · LSD-25 is a syntlieticn mide' prepared· from natural d-iysergic acid and dierthyll i ' amide D-lyserg l o acid is the basic component'of' the alkaloids ot ergot Dr Mayer-Gross describes the mental reactions following dosages of mescaline a substance which has been described in medical journals for many years It is his opinion that the symptoms produ d by _ iS 25ca ppeea ta Q QtP§ i Q -those · produc d bj lioaUhe des pi teethe wida c'hemioeltdif e r e Q Q g1 r lk s'two produc' l s LSD-25 is many times stronger than mescaline or than any other known substance sfinilar in nature a ' 3 Dr Mayer-Gross sees value in the self use of LSD-25 or mescaline by psychi- atrists as tpey provide a safe means for them to be temporarily transformed into the strange· ·lvorld ot some of the mental patients they are trying to treat Our research on LSD-25 has not been thorough enough to make this same statement -- we have not used the material on human subjects We do f'eei however that· psychic reactions from mescaline and LSD-25 are somewhat the same j vailable on loan from the CIA Library is the text of W Mayer-Gross MD FRCP arti le entitled Experimental Psychoses and Other ntal Abnormalities Produced by Drugs dated ·11 Aug 5l J ' _ · · · LlBRARY SUBJZCT AREA CODES ·• - end - 25X1 DISTRIB TION j • 6 r - ' 2 2 M STATE Approved For Rel - e 0 04 03 11 CIA RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 c - tf- sJ - 1 -- V -u- - -r - -ti ApprOved F ase 2004 '0 li' 1 1 C1A-RflP8j--01 o f21111 ioaooo1 o o '--- 25X'1 SECRET· SEC UR I TY · 1N FORMAT I ON 25X1A' CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY INFORMATION REPORT COUNTRY USSR SUBJECT Soviet Organic Chemist I Rapoport ' R PORT ol RESPONSIVE TO PLACE ACQUIRED BY SOURCE ' DATE ACQUIRED 53 Aug BY SOURCE DATE OF INFO Aug and earlier DATE 01sTR- Se -4 53 AND 7U LAT ION o OF THE U I CODE AS AMENDED ti SECTIONS 793 av LAW TH Is Is Is THE REPRODIICTION OF THIS REPORT IS PROHIBIT ' UN EVALUATED 25X1 NO OF ENCLS ITS TUNSMISSION OR UVE• ITI CONTENTS TO Oft RECEl'f av AN UNAUTHORnEO PERSON PROMIBITF'O SOURCE WITHIN THENEANUIG OF TITl E 2 NO OF PAGES THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS INFORMATION AFFECTING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE OF THE UNITED STATES I N FORMA Tl ON SUPP TO --------- REPORT NO ·I _________ Naturalized US citizen of' Russian birth a ch mist d fluent in the Russian language He holds BS MS and ScD degrees in chemistry from US universities of high standing and is currently teachii g chemistry and doing original research in organic chemistry at a US polytechnic··1nstitute Re was f'ormerly a research chemist for two large US industrial corporations· For the past several years he has been translating and digesting articles of scientific interest appearing in Soviet publications He is a long-time source whose great number of' reports have been practically without exception of intelligence interest and have received high evaluations t I Interest has been expressed in your comments on the work of I Rapoport dealing with mutations Can you sup Iy Rapoport· s fhll name a list of his publicat ons and is present position # - 1 I am not surpri ed at the nt est maiiti'ested'in R popqrt's 1-wor'k • As I have stated h4s '-work · on mutati PE J l -be extreme - ignif icant· ftoni' a BW standpolll t- t 0 ·-· •-- 2 · Unf'o rtuna tely ·my knowledge of' Rapopg is confined to the meagre information · given in Soviet scientific journals such journals-rarely give the full ii a mes of' an author but merely list a patronymic and one or more initials Moreover the listings are not always uniform or consistent In the following list of' publications the patronymic Rapoport is sometimes preceded merely by the initial I At other times it is preceded by the initials I A I am unable to state whether I Rapoport and I A Rapoport are one and the same individual 3 The following is a 11st of all publications attributed to Rapoport which I have seen in Soviet scientif'ic literature L Shtern and I Rapoport Compt rend sec biol USSR 97 366-8 1927 _ coni erning t e ·mechanism passage of various substances from· the blood r into the ·cerebrospinal f'luid •1 Ji ·or L Shtern I Rapoport and L Kremlev Compt rend sec biol USSR 97 644-5 1927 Ef'fect of' thyroidectomy and castration on the function of' the hematoencephalic barrier · · ·· · LAST PAGE F ' O SUBJECT 8c AREA CODES 'I I------ _ 25X1 S1 t RE'l' ' DISTRIBUTION • STATE siicuti rv ARM'I' NAV'I' 1NFORMAr1ON ' AIR X FBI This report ls for the use within the' USA of the Intelligence components of the epartments or Agencies indicated above It ls not to be transmitted overseas without the concurrence of the originating office through the Assistant Director of the Office of Collection and Dlssemlnation CIA Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800 010006-8 i 25X1A 25X1A J Approved F 4 03 11 CIA-RDP83- 104 080r I 0006-8 Security Iniorm l tIOn - 2 - ·- 25r I A Rapoport Bull biol med exptl URss·7 415-17 1939 - Specific morphoses in Drosophila induced by chemical compounds I A Rapoporl Compt rerid cad sci URSS 27 369-72 1940 - Substances which disturo the symmetry in the organism · I Rapoport Compt rend acad sci URSS 27 1033-6 194o - Effect ot thymonucleic and nucleic acids and of some of their compopents on mutations A I A Rapoport Bumazhnaya Prom 18 No 7 34-8 1940 - Montan wax its properties and use in the paper industry I A Rapoport Sbornik Dikhloretan 92-5 1939 - Regeneration of oils from wiping materials • ' I I A Rapoport Sbornik Dikhloretan 96-9 1939 - Degreasing metallic shavings I A Rapoport Sbornik Dikhloretan 52-91 1939 - Use of' dichloroethane in extraction processes iI I A Rapoport Sherstnyanoe Delo 19 No 5 12-13 1939 also 18 '20-2 1939 Extracting wool-spinning w ste with dichloroethane · · I A Rapoport J Chem Ind USSR 18 No 22 8-10 1941 - Extraction of· Ukrainian brown coal t I A Rapoport J Gen Biol USSR 4 65-72 1943 - Oxidation and mechanism o r action of mut t i'onal factors • · · • t 1 I A Rapoport C mp rend acad ·sci URSS 54 65-7 1946 - Carb onyl com ounds and the cl emical mechanism· of' mutations I A Rapoport J G n Biol USSR 8 359-79 19 47 - Chemical reactions with' the protein amino groups in g ne structure • I A Rapoport D klady Vsesoyuz Akad Sei'sko-Khoz Nauk 1m V I Lenina• 12 No 10 12-15 1947 - Inheritance changes taking place under the _influence of aiethyl sulfate and dimethyl sulfate I 4 Rapoport Byull ekspt ijiol Med 23 198-201 1947 - Derivatives of carbaminic acid and mutation I A Rapoport Doklady Akad Nauk SSSR QC 469 72 1948 - - Action 'of ethylel le oxide '©l ycidol and glycols on gene mutations · I A Rapop9r - Dokla dy Akad Nauk SSSR - 59 _1i83 6 ' 194 8 · - 'Alkylat ion of geh sc· · molecules I A Rapoport Ooklady l kad Nauk SSSR 61 713-15 1948 - Mutations under the influence of unsaturated aldehydes I A Rapoport Am Natura ist 81 30-7 1 47 - Synthesis of gene-products in equimolar quantities · · 4 I have no information concerning Rapoport's present connection or position I know only that he was a one time co ected with the Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in Moscow - end •· LIBRARY SUBJECT AREA CODES II Approv fi N lease 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R0008000100 6-8 25X1 25X6 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 25X1A Ft Rele3se 0 @11 1 -R• 83-010 08r1 rb-8 - 2 - LSD-25 has the potential of being an aid in the treatment of mental pat 1-ents _ ' · ·· b ' • • • I - ' • •• • - ' ' • • • LSD-25 if improperly used is a dangerous material -- it creates serious mentat confusion andmak es the hllJ l8 Il mind temporarily susceptible to suggestions No research has _been done_ to· determine what permanent _ damage could _be done to t e human mind if the ina te i ial was administered · over extended periods · · · · · · · - · -· -- d ' LSD-25 could be used in the interrogations ot·unwilling s bjects for the purpose o f getting them to confess as the material stimulat es subjects to talk _mor freely' f_·- e' · LSD-25 because· of j ts potency could possibly be used in the contam ina tfon of food and water for the purpose of rendering whoie grottps of people including troops mentally indifferen·t to their_ surroundings and situation - 5 Our investigations thus far substantiate - the findings of other investigators but we have carried our research on animals much fu ri her than others working on LSD-25 We can take no serious exception to the printed material furnish d us by Sandoz Ltd which gives a summary of ext nsive_researchon LSD-25 as of November l952and is quoted belowx · ' 6 D-LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE LSD-25 j'_ CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION -lysergic acid dietbylami1 is a· partially synthe·t tc der t vativ _ b-tain d _by condepsing D-lysergic acid extracted from ergot of rye· with ·a se9ondary ami - l diethylam_ine Thus LSD-25 first prepared in 1938 by A Stoll and A Hofmann ' --- - see_ notes at e d of-r p rif b longs t the· e gonbvine roup in distilled wa ter · a t r _·· process' f' cil L tated ·by adding cryst lline tart c- acid four parts of tartaric acM to one • I - __ _ ·· In certain respects I SD resembl es f ·IBD · ' •- er onoyirie -- -· - It exe-rts·- a uterotonit action' 1 · in sit ie 7 10 of_- tb s t o' th ' uterotonic effect of• LSD on the t bbit' ergonovine l LSD-25 is soluble - · -- LSD exerts· no adre os icolyti action a cont ast to t alkaloids of the ergotainine d erg tc xihe groups· and it toxicity· is similar· to that o 'ergonovine and ergotam ne th LD is 6 125 mg Kg• 50 i mic f- ntrave ous I SD-25 · 84 mg Kg of intravenous ergotamine and of intravenous ergo ovine mg J 8 However LSD-25 may be clearly distinguished from all the other ergot alkaloids ' - ' _ so far investigated in other respects • The injection of a small- dose -Of ISD- _ o-· • _I 25 into' the anaesthetized rabbit produces ' first ap parent effects • • ' of LSD-25' are of a • motor - •• excitation • - In the dog vegetative ture · e g cop ous 25X1 SECRET1_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______J1 ·· Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 - the •• • r I 25X1 _ • · • _ · 25X 1 -laasO 2004103111 · 10 RCl il3 01oG Moorooo1oorr-6---8-------- _ - 3 - salivation without any significant change in ffec ive behavior ' • ' - - ·• -- - - ' • • - - High doses of ·1 D 25 uke· bulbo5m pnine_ cause 7 mo 7or ri id ty in the dog d cat condition _ -· I - _ _·- _ - -' ·· -· -· - _ · _' __ ·· · _· - · _ -- ' · reminiscerit of catatonic st tes _- • • · • ' • _ _ On the normal 'mouse LSD iia_s a w k e xcitatory ction hich appe s' · - ·1 - ·- • subtcixic dosage'level · - _'' • • -· - - j l_· - only at a _ • _· ' · Mice with hereditary waltzing anonie ly are more'sensitive - - to this drug • Subcutaneous doses of no more than three percent of the LD 50 ' increase the general excitatory state bu with imul ro ieous suppression of - waltzing movements- ROTHLIN 1 CERLETTI 25 • 15 - DELAY et al studied the effect of LSD on the electrocorticogram of the rabbit --- ' Do see of 4•- - - - ' mg Kg vera e injected intraven usly or into the carot d arte y caused marked or e·ven complete flattening of the· tracing C ' ' • • • 0 • - - t O - O • • • • - The effect was v- I O - -progressire setting n af' e - approximately one minut l_an lasting one - two The hours -- eff'ect was clear cut even after_d se - sm aU as·18 20 mg Kg ' ·f - ' ' - ' • idei 'iticai effect was noted fter massi dose · - - - ' 300 600 mi Kg An ' There 'wa simultaneous marked moto Hyp_erexcitab111ty LSD i ibited the spontaneous rhythmic activit v it did not prevent the response to electrical stimulation the epileptic'apikes the bursts of rapid spikes produced by barblt tes or o-rtic l _traUI l 8-· pt the yasodilator substanc s investigated nicotinic a cid dibe amlne h xamethonium · priscol and alcohol · - -· - · - _ _ _ · ' _- _ -• - - _ ' ' ' • _ ' cL c- · - _'- d t t • C C• - -• t ··i -' · 20 40 mg Kg ca µsed t rjappearant · of burs ts of basal rbyt f · Urethane and· did not modify· eJfect of of chioralose1did'not LSD • Acetylc h9li11e giyenintravenously in doses y m ifil effecl - · - ·-· - 6 EFFECTS OF LSD ON HUMAN BEINGSt · The - bove mention d animal experiments d not give any hin whatsoever as to the mental effects exerted by LSD in human beings• Hofmann discovered these - effects by accident and· then carried out investigations on himself' ' hich were - · 2· reported by WStdll Studies on the effects of' LSD 25 in _ · · _ 2 _ 5 _ 6 been· carried out by W Stoll - Condrau Georgi et 11 17 16 ·- Matkfi I• · Mayer-Gross _ ' d otber· r search workers ' normal subjects have 8 __ · - 10 al Rinkel et al - wh9se report have not - - yet been published -- 'II · 25X1 SECRE 1 ---- --- -- -- --- - ----- - -- - - ---- I Approv ed For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 · 25X1A A i f '••a 0041 i111 - RDPBJ 0104 osT1 o_os_-_s______2_ x 1 - 4- 2 The effec_ts· _ of SD ha _b en inv sti_gated i psych tic patients by 3 · 4 5 - - 7 S toll - 19 24 De Giacono Forrer ang ' Goldner Condrau I Busch and Johnson I Hoch e't al Savage 27 - · 9 · _ - · _ _ _ _ ' and Belsanti • Rostafinski has made· some· e 'Peri en s_ w 1 th LSD in epil p c · • • • '•' • • • -- • _' --• --• · •• • • ••• patients C • y J J ·As far as systemic effect are concerned both normal and psychopathic subjects 'respond in almos't the 8llle nner to group ' I SD j and- may · 'ther for - - • • • be consid ed as •On • • • • However th1s·1 not the case with the mental effects and therefore normal lµld psychopathic_ patients have to be considered separa_tely in his r spe_c t -° -- Active and maximum dosess istered orally to the_ pre_sent LSI has always been ad min r generally in the morning- on empty stomach ' ve'ry small doses I ' a _ 20 cro m in most dose of 46-100 JS about ·l g Kg body ight i_s active 0 5 mg _ or 6 µ Kg • In certain su jects the char c eristic effects after the administr ti n of a_ dose as sm ll high as 500 g LSD is active in · t 3 4 a r - observed _ O 62 ca_ses · mg • A -_ Doses as ody we Lght_ ha e been well tolerated by f- psychopathic patients ' In general psychopathic patients show greater resistance to the systemic and mental effects of LSD t 'ian do normal subjects b Onset and duration of actiona The first·effecte of an active dose of LSD generally appear within one --half - one hour ma ximwn thr _e ho-urs_ __ Maxim an average S ter two hours and the•ef f'ects _persist ·effectiveness is reached · on • - - __ - Jr' -· · for three 'i i - t - · -' - six hours Delayed fte ts y fe i bserved for 6ne or more days bl l t tc t - ' · ·tc_r - ' Rinkel et· al recognize f'our' ·phe ses ·' in ' the rarely fo r more than one week - - ' J _ · ' - - - · reaction· to LSD '·Phase' I · the prodromal phase· -represents the period between ·· the adniinistration of-the drug and the height of the eac ion ·one hour It lasts about· Phase II represents·the height of the reaction occurring one-five hours after the drug had been given Phase III wast period from the end of the height -of the reaction until evening - Phase IV comprised after-effects last- ing one to several day c Systemic effects Distinction mq be drawn between vegetative symptoms fairly slight effects on metabolism and motor symptoms 25X1 S ECRE i ______________ _ __ Approved For Release 2004 03 11 _ CIA-RDP83_-01042R000800010006-a ··- - 25X1 I A r j ri ' •s -2064103111 ·e1A l'tEl 83-61 06rr 1_0_00-6- ______ 8 _ 25X1 5 ' Vegetative symptoms i · Giddiness ' · _ 2 5 7 · 5 t 6 _ empty-headedness ' • T ' • • 2• 5_ 6 ' • • • occasionally ·head aches -· ' 5 _10• isolated _'cases geil ar mala ise - __ _ 1 feeling of weaj aiess 10 shaking' ·· - 2 5 7 · - In 'f _fatigue _ tremor and - ' ' ' t E' trects of LSD on · · 1 _ da rdiovascular system Slightly increaeed _with i 11 physiological limits ·Blood pressure 4 8 11 · - - - - · 2 5 l less frequently slightly decr'ea _ed 10 or not modified · 5· In exceptional cases danger o Ollapse ·•· Two patie ts ·given LSD ' · 24 daily developed profound circulatory depression 4 7 8 11 10 · Heart rate increJiSed or not modified i n isolated cases 2 3 5 ' decreased 2 4 5 7 10 Vasomotor functionsg· flushes otvasodilatation 5 pallor sometimes acrocyanosis • - ' · - · - _ __ Subjective imp essionsg 5 ' - S or· precordial sometimes palpitations discomfort ' 2 or facial 1- Digestive system 2 4 5 6 7 10 19 Anorexia sometimes nausea 4 5_ 7 1 i occasionally vomiting 5 I and in isolated cases lyocrexia 3 Hepatic function Only-·-very slight c hanges observe - Whereas the_ usual labora'tor ' - y tests such as· tbe Ta kata Ara and the Hij @i·v d_ Borg-reactions ''' the· Quick test ex etion of bippuri ac'id follo ing in estic n· of· sodium benzoate or the capha in-cholesterol_ flocculation test - 3 4 8 27 show no change the Snapper test determination of g ucor mic acid in the urine after administration of cinnamic acid _ _ _ 27 reveals slight temporary d sturbance of hepatic function • It should be noted that the Quiclctest and the Snapper test· are 8 · p siti ve · in schizophrep ia mescaline 'intoxication • SubJe cts · ' - --- --- - in whom eve only a and - - - - · slight mod ic tion - - - of hepatic functiQn is prese t g cases where th re'are p otra d-sequelae f infectious •· ·• - • • _ •· I '_8 · ' _· hepatitis ll18ke a very marked response to LSD - 25X 1 - CRET __ --- - --- -- ------ e e- --_ - - - I Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R0d0800010006-8 25X1A J l Tf u'r 'Rele se 25X1 fto lltl i II IA-lffll'fl3 djoo1f 006-8 ' - - 6- - • ' - ------ l · ' ' L--- • Respiration 4 Usually not changed 2 3 5 slower 2 3 4 · respiration sometimes dee i r and _ 5 -Urinary system '- · · • • - ·_ 11- 5· - No hanges in composition of urine 2 · - - -- 1 iuresis' sometime J ncrea ed ' - - In isolated cases _retenti on of urine followed by-po'iyuria when 6 off • - the effects of LSD had worn '- - - Genital ·system 6 -10 In isolated cases uterine creinps 7 Temperatures 4 No change in exceptional cases increased by 1 °F • Feeling -of 2 5 6 19 warmth 8 Y 2 5 6 7 r · or cold - · · - 10 19 some imes periods of shivering Saliva secretion • 4 5 6 8 10- Often increased • 9 · Sweat secretio1p - • - · •_ ·· · · 2 5 6 8 10· Often 1ncreaeed · 1 l 10 ' Lacrimal secretion · - Sometimes increa13ed 11 I Pupils · - 2 4 7 8 10 11 19 ' • - 'Generally dilatation sometinies_ imp trment of- -- 4_ --_-· · · -- - -- -- -·- -• reaction to Ugh' J mydriasis less proD ounced when LSD instilledi· 1 - - - 4 - -l into the cbnjunctival sac r- ··-- _ c - • · - • c - r -- 12 · · Blood picture ' • • I Temporary increase in total white blood cell count without 4-- 27' - modifications in the differential count or relative neutrophilia · • 'slight increase in potassium blood alues 3 27 · blood values _24 • Savage · _· __ no hange in calcium observed some tendency for anaemia to appear during prolonged treatment 20-100 ug daily for one month 13 · Blood sugari _ · - ·-· ··--- 4 _1· -· 3 Slight-risej within physiological_ lµnita less frequently a f'all l_J __ 17 21 · In 24 subject_s Mayer-Gross et al found that LSD caused a slight ' ' - 2s·x1 SECRET1 L ----- -- --------- ---------_J Approvec I For Release 20p4 03 11 · CIA-R DP83-01042R000800010006-8 - 25X1 i 25X1 ' leaSe 2004 03111 IA-RDP83-01b 2MJoaoorr-1-o_o_06___ 8 _ _ _ ___ Approved - r · SECRET _trans itory incre_ase in the glii oae d hexosemenophosphate levels • I • • • • • ' - • • ' ' ' • - ' - ' ' · - • • ' ' in the blood • Otherwise carbohydrate metabolism w s not affected by an' a t t-e n zyme This group 6 f' inv stigator believ - tha D-inter upts the break·d wn of glycogen at -the hexos me ophosphate 33 gluco·se state The · 1nt avenous injection f the reaction 2i · to action - -· soluti n modified LSD Aggregate of vegetative-effects __ LSD tends to produ e a Diphot nia · The increase in bloo pressure and heart· · rate and the dilatation of the u ils sugg st an ind ase · in s ath tic · t · The nausea 'and the ·periods of vasod lla tion s gest parasympathetic hy peractivity However it should be not d that there are great differences from indi ' ----- ·vidual to individual· i - · • - ' Some subjects respond to LSD witp a fall in blood pressure - _ 3 13 bradycardia and other symptqms suggestive of sympathetic inhibition · • · 13 In general LSD prod ces vegetative · instabili t y· which may tend either to s 9 thi otoi tia or to vagoto1Ha depending on the_ in di vidual ubject • Motor symptoms - motor LSD causes disturbances of voluntary r functions whi h are generally light and' also modif lcat1ons of· reflexes _ · · taxia generally -not pronounced 'lack' of pre cision in intentional - movements sl ght gegreej f' incoordi at1 on os asionaliy nn1tea diness of ' c t a_ - ' ' · ' 2 4 5 6 8 J 1 U - _ • 7 7 gait t 1 · - 21-J 6 1 9' 10 j· i ona Y fl 'if eect j fon L ti' • · · • Romber f s signt-- --·sometimes slighti rposi ti ve c· ' • • ' 5 7 8 27 '• the hand end twitching of the eyelids c - • ' C - Sometimes· tremor Often facial cl9nism 2 5 6 7 8 10 - cramps of the jaws trismus and forced laughter - - Sometimes 2 4 5 hyperactivity of tendon reflexes I ' • • O £ - - 3 5 7 10 Sometimes motor excitement 5 • ' · in exceptional cases athetoxic movements •- In certain cases high doses I I 300-500 mg produce catatonic conditions with a lack of facial expression 3 and perservatio of body posture· • Aggregate• of motor symptomst b S · The most fre uent niotor effe t of Lf3D_may be described as a slight degree of' muscular eypere ci tability ac ompanied by more or less pronounced signs ·of _ incoordination - - • ' - The catatonic effect of high doses_has as yet only been studied 25X 1 SECRET Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDPl 3-01042R000800010006-8 r 5X1 • - b I i-or Release 2004 0j 25X1 I RU Jr I CIA-RDPBJ-0 U 6_8_1_8_88_6_-_8__ _ _ _ _ 11 in five cases d · Mental ef' fects in normal subjectin -1 C nsciousness ori tati n _- donscious ess_· - s _·gene aliy w i· ain d b t occasion lly 2 6 14 ·slightly clouded- - 6' pattern of outbursts • ••• _ 'I _ ' ·- - 5 a feeling of' intoxication a wavo _ often oicurring in I In exceptional case's short periods of' confusion • ' ·'· • - - - • -- · 2 ' - - • _ As a rule judgment and memory are not impaired -The subject is conscious of his condition and does not lose'sight of the· fact that what he is experiencing - 2 5 6 8 10 11 is due to the drug ingested · ' - _ I • Certain subjects _notice that thei r ' ' · 6 · powers of self-observation and intro pection are increased Spatial orientati n remains'good · The notion of duration of time is · _ 2 5 ·6 8 10 11 often disturbed time seeming t pa ss too quickly or too slowly· • ' · f' Ideation ·may be acceler t l ·accompanied sometimes by incoherence _and running 2 5 10 away of' ideas · · ' in other cases ideation is · slowed down and the faculty of · 2 8 10' expression in hibi ted ' • • -• I ' • _ 2 · Often a tendency to preoccupation with one idea - • 2 5 6 8 11 Attention and conc ri tration are reduced · Affectivity and behavior may Sev ral types of reactions be _observeds f ' 1 · Marked euphoria made evident by disorde red activity manic behavior more op less uinnot_ivated attack ·of laughter or eve'Ii involuntary _ · · · · · - ' 2 5 6 10 14 17 maniacal laughter - - • _ · · · Less frequently the euphoria is · 8 10 11 ·_passive apathic d _hebephrenic ·_ -·_ · • - - 0 - • • • • ' -e -- -- - _5_ ' _ t t i ' • ' f° _ • • 1 r_ • 2 · Depreesio g ' l'lli b nay be demons'tfa ive· with •tears reJentment •nt • · -· -C' -c 2 6 10 14· c - __ c · aggre sivenesscg or passive with· negatiy-e' withdrawal into· t 7 • · • •• _ · 0 •• • C • ' - - - · - -_ ' _ 2 6 ' •• •• 2 6 19 itf _ ·_ self autism apathy and even comple t indifference o-ra c- -r·· • some '' - times suicidal ideas · • ' 3 Alternate phases of euphoria an _depression 2 5 17 ' 24 In addition to these effects there is sometimes associated anxiety 13 - paranoid trends or the fear tha' the abnormal state_will persist or vill be 2 5 6 noted· by -a third party• • • _ 1 In general -·under the effect of LSD - ·- ··•··· an enhancement -of' · · - ·-· affective state whether constitutional or·t mporary lll8Y' 2 8 10 euphoric reaction seems however _most_frequent the previous - · - 5 6 ic' · be_ observed • ' 25X1 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP8 -01042 000800010006-8 The·- c I • ·- 25X1A I r r Releas0 2004 8 1111 GIA RBP83 818 l o iOr0001 OOf--_s_________ Z5X1 0 Behavior • is controlled by affectivi ty _ I ca s ··of bypoman1c eupho ia the disordered activity_ is often accompanfed by logorrhcea nd 102 B of inhibition - • • • '_ _ ·' • -_ •• J - - ' 2 5 the· subject cannot pre vent himself from ·_saying what be• thinks -_ _- ' ' - - ·'o the affe ti ve 'contacts - and seeks- · -_ _ --- - other hand in qases of depreBijiVe s hizoid react tcin' ' - 6 10 _ _ - _ often all affective ontact is suppresse4 and the apathy - may - even deyelop into a state of stupor 2 Sedative effects on sexuality · Sensory perceptions 1 ·- p tsturbances of perception are frequeilt and sometimes very p onounced - Either th object perc ived is distorted or there are hallu inations · an elem ary · generally of ature Often tp e objects appe ar distorted 'perspective is incorrect distance a _ - r -- - - are overestimated colors seem brighter shadows very_i ten e and contours yery 2 5 6 8 11 14 clear-cut 1 Le s frequently the outlin of the objec't seen is less • 6 distinct and colors are dull • Certain'· subje t E1xperience hallucinations_· especially if th y are in the - · dark and their eyes· are closed These hallucinations generally consist of flashes of light lines patches of color sometimes more complex geometrical 2 5 8 10 11 figures objec-ts flowers and animals • In exceptional cases the 2 ' visual halluc 1-nation -are provoked by auditory stimul • ' J • Hearings' Qften hyperafUSia Less i'reqiie fy trUO and false 2 5 6 8 10 _11 19 · • interpret tion of noises · '' _ ' • l itJ fj _ha_i 1uc ' ' 2 i g - oi- b l i ' -om 10 ' • · '9- • · -• ' • - -if 1C ·· - -· • - - - -- -- -- - - - -- - - ' - - Tastd and smell ·' astij __ is often affected • Food-7'and cigare tes see'm·tasteless_ e - - 2 5 8 i J j Sometimes metallic or bitter ta ste - In rare cases olfactory 11 hall cinatione e g garlic odor Toucht Frequently dis tortion bypoesthesia and paresthesia things feel 2 6 different In isolated cases true tactile hallucinations e g sensation ot 10 · being wet from urine General· bodily feelings l - - Feeling· of _strangeness or distortion of certain part_ i · 2 5 6 8 10 14 - of the body cd r· _the subjeot has the impres i'on that his head is lf ' ' enormous that one limb is excessively long or separated fr m tbe body that his no_se 1s not in its right place _that hi -8 I1ll no longer beiongs to him qr that his body weight has decreased or· increased I 25X1 -SECRET1 - - -- ----------- --__ Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83 701042R000800010006-8 ' 25X1A SE rho I•··· 2004mj111- CIA RCP83 o Tosoo1_1_00_0__6_-_s_ _ _ _ __ 2sx1· 1q Personality In cert ain s_ubjects LSD produces a feeling of depereona 1 1 zation or of' _ - 2 5 6 10 split personality of a clearly schizophrenic nature ' · · · · • · Impressiqn of looking ' • • • i · - - _ ' ' ''i • at one's self from a'distance of having lost control f one's real ·self of having • ' ' • changed and become 'more 'or less - D - I - -- •- • - - - 1 • • unreal' and cut otl'-r om the rest of the ior td • _ k ' '• •• • • -' _- - • • • ·- ' ·• ·These phe oi nena are geneially a' soci ted with the c n s thetic d isorders· as well as with autism withdrawal and indifference These personality disorders are leas frequent in subjects who make a manic eupho ic or depressive response 10 13 t9 LSD · · carried out ·Rorschach s test on fiv subjects Psychological tests _ Rinkel · under the influence of LSD 1· ' The results of the test confirmed the clinical observ 8 _tions ·of the effect of LSD in each of the five individuals autism negativism eakening of powers of logical reasoning _anxiety depres iiion aggressiveness· J a nd Another test concrete-abf tract thinking ·consisting of noting the reactions of the subjects to - f · a sedee of aphorisms also gave responses - - - - reminiscent of those_ of sc hizo hr nic patients pr dom nance of concrete responses abstract responses c 1uld be obtained ti th effort but were characterized by overgenerali ed and tangential 'thi king •· Rimmel did not employ these test in person who m de a manic depressiye response to LSD In an alcoholic a Ror_schac 's test carried out just after the· • --• - -----· 26 - subsidence of' _t le LSD effects showed pro·found changes over the previous tests ll - - - - • Matkfi st d1ed the effe cts f · LSD on hims lf • He· made a series of -- - ' 6c - - 7ioc --·•'4'o' o c s c c - · · • - -· · - ' · - ·'·' drawings suppos 1 to·re1 r ese_rit- e ·same p isj in' Zeiclientest'l wM le' under· the ·-- --- - _- · --' ' -- ·- ·--- -·- - _c_ - -· - ---- - - • · _ -- • ·- influence of ·LSD and foumi that his e_trokel e quicker · a9me_ imes · stereo_typed •- - oc the drawing became larger az td even went off the pape -·In'spite of ali'his i fa e fforts he could not coordinate his drawing with what he saw whether it was normal or not When the height of· the LSD effect was reached he made a drawing of his visual hallucinations Electroencophalogrami EEG tracings have been taken as yet in only about 15 10 13 4 10 13 -- cases ·· There have been slight ' or ·no changes Rinkelr · d• found_ in general· ____ an incre se in alph9 rey _ im ' ° - -t t - y ___per econd· but in one very relaxed subject the alpha rhythm w s slowed by two waves per second - In eight' - cases out of nine he noted a pronounced increase in m cle ctivity l 25X CRETj_ _ _ _ ------ - -- --- --- ' Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP_83-0'1042R000800010006 8 • 25X1 wears Delayed Effects The '_intoX ication' or' LSD generally off _within 'six-eight h urs _but in practically every cas a m re 'or less unu s l mental t tu s persists • for ' one day and s'oiktimes- fbr 6n -half' to In - ' i than ··one· •'we k - ' - - - I _ '• ·- the evening a_f er· the· e eriment - pho_ri l gorr oea difficulty of concentration and some i- es great fatig e • • • • j • • • ar noted- • - The ·s bjects generall I - ' • sleep well _ but the following mo ning certain of them complain of a hangover 11 ' - - ' similar to that produced by excessive amo ts of alcohoi ' 2 ' most subjects have ret ned to their normal status 6 several days H9wever by this time Sometimes the euphoria lasts '' 2 Less frequently a depressive state 6 _8 · days - i's -observed • This may last several On s bj ct_exh bited p iod of dreaminess with fe lings of s range• - • - '· - • I - _ V • • • 'I '·· ' 11 9-eja· vu d-disturbed general bodily-feelings ·al' iernat-ing with phases • 6 • _- _ • _ _ _ of depression after a sin le dose of LSD These_dela yed effects often occurred n€s_s of I 13 • ' • · · in waves ' Aggregate 'o f' psychic eff cts Ein normal su jects ' The symptoms prod ed by LSD 2 ·1 have been consid r by W Stoll · ·1 • as the expression _of an acute exogenic psychosis analogous to those p focl ced by alcohol opium cocaine hashish me_scaline and th _ _ 23 am hetamines how' ver all these substances are· _only a_ctive in far higher doses · • ·There is no uniform reaction to LSD Two main types -- - 6 10· 2 a may be -distinguished· ' sch zophrenic reaction with slo 7ing of mental processes inhibitions ·_ _auti m depe sonali ation and hallucin tfons •· The majori_ty- or _subj cts i resent a_ mixture of these two extreme types • 6 Becker attributes the manic response to the action of LSD on the sphere _of intention and the schizophrenic reaction to the action of LSD on the sphere or_ affect - ··•· In general IS P tehds to r_einforce p1 e- J isti _tegdenciea •Pr dy cing - caricature of the subject ' • • 5 a _1' ' l J - ' the cyclothymio patient oft n becomes euphoric and · - ' C ' ' - ' 6• expansive _wh _ie the schizoid becomes a true sch i zophrene • ' Thus LSD _reveals latent I · App oyed FOi R elease 2004ffl5111 elJP83-01042R0008000 0006-8 25X1 • tendencies and its effect may e conaidered ·to a certain degree as a peraonali y · -2 5 6 test- • ' LSD mak s it_p6ss i le r th psy hi tr s to f ltu# in hims lt' some_ of ' -- - the mental symptoms which he is caUed upon - - - - - 2 6 ' - p _ • - to - - • analyze' d t' oeat n his patients - LSD 25 and Mescaline - · Thia e e ence is oft en i lstrµctive The first workers to -carcy out -r se ch ere struck by the - I • analogy between the 'int xication' produced byLSD and - e sc'alii e deliri _although - the active doses of these two proa udts a re quit di ffer'en t· mescalin c at least 0 2 g s c LSD generally less than 0 0001 g 100 mg An nal gous retationship s been found when coinpru ing the tox ci y of the two substa '19es 'in cold-blooded animals e_lethal dose of mes aline in tadpoles is 100-1000- times greater than· 1 that of LSD • Various coi uparativ studies carried out on the same subjects have shown that the mental effects of the two substances arenot absolutely ide_nticalt _ ·- _ 8 11 LSD produces abovelall else manic depressive or ebephrenic symp ms· In other words _- an expansive or foolish eu phoria periodic depression predominates 01 while the hallucinations and depersonalization are fairly slight ' 8 1 l such as restWith'mescali e on the other 4and catatonic symptoms lessness stuper perso ality disturbances r hallucinations are predominant • ' do LSD and mescali e ' not exert the same actions on 'nervous centevs in lower ariimals 12 · _ · a_ --- · --- --•-------- --• According · to Witt'' 1 het J_e _j 11 9 s ub tande13 llavJtopposite effects Oil the behavior ·ot de1'erm1ned-' y b p t eril f - lli t_ of -ih · 1na-eci J ' _ -A n - 1 spide rs' as · 17 19 increase in anxiety occurred frequently with mescaline·i •· ' - - Mescaline produces fairly important ch ges in hepatic function demonstrabie by'the usual laboratory tests whereas LSD produces·a much slighter change which is 8 only made evident by an ultrasenaitive test e Effects of LSD 25 on psychopathic patients Generally psychopathic 2 3 5 patients are much less sensitive to LSD than normal subjects • The vegetative ' and motor effects ofteI appear only after the administration of very high doses e g t_vo-three mg Kg Mental effects e generally less marked and diff cult to evaluate in patients who have in a ny case _similar symptoms before treatment 25X1 A SEGRE Ap pre ed Fer Release 200 4 -03 11 GIA RBL3-010 2R 00800010006-8 ' c _ 1d i 25X1 Release 2004©3i1 C1A-RD 83 n1 - 25X1 Tf l_ _o_o_o_s_-8_______ 3 d in whom there· may be very_ great spontaneous v iations ·in· effec - It is also possibl tha t _the negative 'attit de cl- the te ency towards diissiputl ation of certain schi2ophrenics ·induces 2 typ tc l- under the effect_ of LSn ·• them to keep' sec t ttiefr· ex pe ience·• - J - · - ·- - However J in practicaliy· very case here are certain behavior chaJ -SeS ' 4 - - - which are · generally accentuate if the dosage of ISD is increased ·• With regard to psychomotor affect LSD generally produces sometimes I even 4 5 7 in stuporous schi ophren lcs an _increase in ac' tivity and verbal expression which may -· especially in manic patients§ develop as far as pronounced - 7 10 excitement After very high doses 3Q0-500 mg D ·Giacomo 3 f observed i five cases 1 out of 12_ 3_ schizophrenics 2 -o igbphrEmic a p· el minary phas of exciteme t followed - by typical catatonia · during which the p tient 's face remained in ' f • ' expressive while he maintained the same posture for several minutes lasted_ up to two hours • This phase • I the As far as affect i concerned previo_us status can oft n be enhanced depressive patients· become still more· depressed ic patients still more 5 21 eup oric 2 4 9 27 - • In the majority of cases however the'euphoric effect predominates 19 Of the 21 sc izophrenic patients rep rted by Hoch seven exhibited - - _ r • - -- -_ ---- - _ ' - • - - euphor 1 a three alternating euphorj e and-'· dep esf ion and six had siJ depres 3ion ' ' a predpminantly - · - __ - ' - • · - _ - ' - aDJCio us re t -o · to t - fpati nts ' - _l i' · I ·- The impro mer in verbal activity - nd _in· ffe t o f'ten· i'acili te tes _ 2 4 7 _ -- -4 7 9- 1- contac t with the patient ' • Patients· become more accessible and memories hidden in the subconscious may be brought to the surface particularly- 7 in cases of psychoneurosis • The hallucinatory phe omena due to LSD seem to be less frequent and much 2 4 5 7 less varied in psychopathic patients - than in normal subjects ' ' _- patient ts spontaneous hallucinations may be_ activated • • In one case of chronic_ '--' _ alcohOl intoxication· vit1 1 prevJ ous' episo s of halluclnosis 100 - ' The '8 LSP prodµce e - f I - extremely vivid hallucinations resembling the alcoholic deli ium that the patient 26 In this case the shock ef£ ct produced by this · had experienced in the pa st · 25X1 J SECRE I App10ved Fm Mease 2604103111 CIA-RBLJ-01042R000800010006-8 isx1 experience· seemed to exer a favorabl action on the later _evolution cases it is' possibl to a c ear ·- · · ---- Depers6'naliz t-16n in p ychopath i c patients ·· __ In other •' disti tion bet ee the·-'u ual 'liallud nations 2 9 and those _proypk d_ b Y_ t e drug · 5 9 only been mentioned in- a· few c ases iee riy _ _ _ · ___ _ at tributabl_ -·-fu LSD has · Catatonic and paranoid feature were - 19- -- intensified in some schizophrenic patients • Possibilities of using LSD 25 in psychiatry The ef f'ects described· above make it · possible to visualize the diagnostic and th_erapeutic use of'··LSD Personality test Subjects resporse t LSD with euphoria depr ssion schizoid manifestations etc depencs on their laten tendency In psychopathic patients LSD enhances the pre-existing conditions and inclines to gi e _a o ricature of the - patient _ ' - ' t - Th intoxication of LSD thus m8fes it p_ossible in mine the deep-seated tendencies of the subject and - -· _ 2 5 6 cases o deter- rnay be used in'this respect as a•pers ality test Psychoanalysis many · ' I In many cas s LSD makes the patient· more accessible t o p ycho- · _ · analysis by improving contact a d-facilitatin the recall of memories ·Busch 7 · and Johnson have confirmed that analysis tinder the influence of LSD is not hampered by speech dif icul ties such as fre quently occur during barbiturate n rct -analysi nor by th confusion which h pers a lys is dur ng insulin hock or· immediately· after ele troshock anxiet tpntact· was In patients r acting to LSD wa th_· he ghtened -· riti f fu f - rt 0 'Effect of 'shock' · -•k - •- -- _ -s-- - '- • # T '· The' eome'times e Xtremelf pr fngunoed mental effects _or' UJD T5i3_ particularly 1il normal individuala may produce a feeling 1 of _ hiat·utL' 1n the 11 f'el --e · 6 - of the patient In psychopathic patients the action of LSD at least in the ' 5 usual dosage 1 s generally too slight to produce a useful shock effect • As an 26 exception one case of al holic'psychosis described by Benedetti must be mentioned in which the extremely vivid hallucinations produced by the UJD seemed to exert a favorable-psychic effect Treatment of depression The euphoric effect of ment of certain depressive states Howeve - ne IS _ma _be h d of use in the treat- not be too ·optimisti since as a general rule LSD tends rath r to reinforce a pre-existing depres ion • · 5 Condrau 25X 1 SECRET I carried out trial treatment with daily_doses of LSD in five depressive 7 ' Approved For Rel aSe 2004703 I I CIA-i bP83- 1042R0 080001000 -8 A 1 25X1A F r Release ·200 ioJ I I IA-RDPBJ-0 I 042RIJ008T010t06-ll patients I - Oniy in two of them did he observe a slight improvement n ·affect - • · · ' - ' ' - - ' - · result is not sufficient to be considered· a_ therapeut l c success I • 24 1 •• • 1 · • • • • ··-•-•· 0· • ·• f' • •'t ' · • • C _ _ • _ • _ r • • ' • • Savage 1 · •· _ • This 24 i ave • ·•• ·N - • •• _o ne month's treatment th daily ral· d a -- _o - 20 100 t 11 patie ts__ w t s vere·'- · depress ve 'reactforis ' a' complete ·Two suf'fering from fovolut fonal psychoses· made · • • I •• • • • recovery five schizoid patients with severe depress ve·· reaction became free of ' depression and four patients sufferfog from's hizophrenic eactionwith depression ' ' showed no change or became worse The improvement obtained wi th LSD treat_ment was not greater t an that obtained without _LSD in comparabie ·cases Experimental studies of the pathogen siS of p ycb osis Theoretical interest in a substan e such a1 3 ISD e5 · which i _ infini tesimai ' doses 1s capable of reprod ucing · a whole series·of symptoms char cteristic ·of endogenic psychoses may be noted -· ' - ' A detailed study·of its mechanism of action may enlighten us as to the patho1 2 15181 10 · · - · • genesis of paycnoses I - The possibility of a'psychiatrist stu ying in • · himself some mental symptoms is also of inte·rest _· 9 REFERENCES L Stoll A Hof'm9 111 A 2 Stoll W A - ' Partialsynthese vqn Alkaloiden vom Typus des Ergobasins · Helv Chim Acta 26 944 1943 a Lysergsaure- -d1athyiam td ein P'haritastikum aus o er Mutterkorngruppe' Schweis Arch Neural Psych 60 279 1947 t'A vailable on loan rr·om C t f LibrariJ · Psychischo Wirkung e1nes lriutterkornstoffee in tingewobnlir h1 scl 1wacher Dos-ierung· r- ' Schwei med Wschr - 12 i J_ 0 19 49 • · C l i L-' - F- - ' • • ' ' _ Cataton le toxigue- exp rimentale' Congres__ international de Psychi trie Paris 1950 Acta Neurol Ital § o 1 1951 4 Forrer · GR Goldner __R D · 5 Condrau G 6 Becker A M Experimental physiological studies with lys_ergic acid dieteylamide LSD 25 ' A _ch Neurol Am 581 1951 Available on loan from CIA Library J Klinische E rfahrungen an Geisteskranken mit Lysergsaurs-Diathylamid _ Acta psych _neurol scand 24 9 1949 Ava Uable on loan· from CIA Library -j - - Zur Psychopathologie der Lysergsaurediathylamid wir ung Wien Z Nerveahk 2 402 J vailable on loan in CIA Library-is English translation of · ·1949 J · summary 25X1 Approved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-LP J-01042-R00080 01_0006--ll Al £ fr RO olir1or8 Release 2004 03111 ciA-RDP83-01 - 16 25X1 'i • Busch AK Johnso w c aid in paycliothe apy ' Prelim tnary report of a new drug · -• _ - _ Dis Nerv System l l l - 41 1 195 - ·· · _ • - 8 Fische R Georgi -·F Weber R · _· Psychophys s che Korreiatiori n-·· _VIII Modellver _sUche zum Schi_Zopb ep i8pro lem - Lyserg ·a ure - _ LSD-25 as an A diathylamid und Mezcalin • •• Schweiz med - Wschr 8li 817 837 1951 - 9 Rostaf inski M 10 Rinkel M De Shen HJ Hyde KW Solomon H C Comamach doswiadezalcych·u chorych na padaczke· Experimentally-produced hall cinations in · · epileptic patients _ Reczu psych Jatr po3 109 1950 - - Experimentai Schizophrenia-like Symptoms abstract of paper · Read before the American Psychiatric Association May 1950 · Amer J Psychiat lo8 - 572 1952 · J va lable on loanfrom CIA Libra ry J J ' • 11' Matefi L · _ 12 Witt PN 13 De Shon H J Rinkel M_ Solomon _H C 14 15 ' ' - • Mezcalin _ und Lysergaaurediathyla mid -Rauach Sel at-versuche'mit besonderer Berucksichtigurig eines Zeichentestes · - · · Dissertation Bas1e·1951 Confinia Neurol 12 146 1952 · Livaila le on loan rom c ibrary J · Mental changes experimentally produced by LSD - d-lysergic acid diethylamide Tartrate _ Psychiat ic Que rt 26i 33 1952 Diethyla mide de l'acide ·d lysergique et troubles psychiques de l 'ergotiame- -· · CR Soc Biol 145 1609 1951 Delay J Lhermitte F Modificatio s de 1 ele trocor'tfaogra mme du lapin par la diethylamide de l 'ac_ide d-lysergique v C J _ - i- i ·Jr 2J i f f le 86 a1 _· 195 £9 • • - - -·· · -__ • - V rsiicli· einei paychopathol_ogisc _len Analyse·' er 0 lc T LSD-Wirk'ting _ i Diss· Freiburg i Br' 1_953 ' i _ · 17 Mayer-Gross W McAdam W · Walker J W Psychological_ and biological effects of lyse gic acid·diethylamide · Nature 168 827 1951 • 18 Buscaino GA · · Studio quantitativo dell apettro di fluorescenza dell dietilamide _dell' acido lisergico Ricerca acientifica·21 519 1951 Hoch P H Catteli J P Pennea H 20 Hoch P H ____ Cattell J P · Pennes H_ H Effects of mescaline and ·1ysergic acid d-LSD-25 - Am J Psychia t 108 _ -5_79 1952 J c - Effects of drugs -- Am J Psychiat 585 _1952 • 1081 · T • I 2 1 T 1 ---________ I 1L - d_ ·lyeergs ure-diathylamid LSD-25 ' in Spinnentest · · ' E erientia 1 310 1951 _ · _ · · · · Delay J Pichot P · 19 I Appr9ved For Release 2004 03 11 CIA-RDP83-01042R000800010006-8 s r fCRel ••• 2002 03' I I ciA-RDPBJ ° 2'5X1 1 7 21 ·Mayer-Gross W 1 • ' •• ' ' McAdam W · wechsel Norvenarst - Longj D A -- ' ' ' ' • ' -- gJ i _ 30 · 1952 Influence of organ ia pho phatea _on 'tube cu lin sensi ti vi ty in B C G infected guinea pigs _ · Relation to Cortisone de_sensitiz· tfon Lancet 262 950 1952 _ · 23 B ickenstorfer E Zum atiologischen Problem der Psychosen vom akuten exogenen Reaktionstypua tysergsaure·d1athyll mid ein psychisch wirkeamer toxisoher 24 • Savage Spurenstoft- · _·• · · Arch Psyc_hiatrie Et iJchr Ne ol 188 22p 1952 _ · -• · LA vailable on loan trom CIA tibrarY7 Lysergic acid diethylamide I SD-25T - A clinical psychological study - C AJiJ 25 • Rothlin E Gerletti _A · 26 Benedetti G J Psychiat l08t 896 1952 Uber einige pbarmakologische Untersuc ungen an M usen mit congenitalar Drehsucht · Iwlv Phyeiol Acta 10 319 1952 · · lAvailable on loan from OU Librazi7 Beispiel einer strukturanalytiachen und · pharmakodynamischen Untersuchung an einem · Fe U-von Alkoholhalluzinoso · Charakterneurose · und Psychoreaktiver HalluZinose · Z_f Psycliotherapic U med Psychol ' s 1 27 Delsant1 a LAvailable 176 1951 on loan f'rom CIA Library J ' · ' Modifice zioni Neuro-psico-biochi miche indotte de lla dietilamido dell-' acido lisergico in · _ schizo f'renici e f'renastenic1 Acta Neurol ltal 11 340 1952 • end • y· rl f i1 It ' 91ft ' 25X1 1x ____ _ _ _ _ ____ Lysergsaure-Diathylamid und Kohlehydratstoft- Walker J_ · 22 • - Cornf'orth J cW t - rrOti-8 2 SECRET I App oved Fo - 'lelease 260- f03111 eiA-1P83 °t0 2ROilOB00010006 1 SENI - ' 'tJt'' - WIU -- tJ CLA srrl'ED - I r- T _ --n1 n42 Rt UU80 010006-8 - CONFIDENTIAL I SECRET OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP STATINTL DATE NAME AND ADDRt SS TO 1 INITIALS rReview Staff I 2 3 4 s 6 DIRECT REPLY DISPATCH FILE INFORMATION ACTION APPROVAL COMMENT CONCURRENCE PREPARE REPLY RECOMMENDATION RETURN SIGNATURE Remarks Attached are three copies of the 20 August 1975 memorandum with attachments Note that the documents required additional coordination and because of this were not fully classified or stamped IMPDET FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER STATINTL u FROM NAME ADDIIESS AND PHONE NO 1 FOIII 110 1-67 · u 237 r Fnr c 1J __ --•--um I list previous editions DATE nnAm 11 CIA-RDP83 I CONFIDENTIAL I GPO 1974 0 • 535-857 ofb-ii2A ood 00010006-8 SECRET 40