CO 6112 4 2 5'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 CLASSI FI Fl CATI CATI ON Page 1 of o-f From Sent To Subject UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 RELEASE IN PART B1 1 4 D SMART Archive 4 30 2015 9 56 06 PM SMART Core CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATIONS PACKAGE UNCLASSIEIEP MNSLASiSIEIEE SBU • DECONTROLLED Classified by Director A GIS IPS Dos DoS on 08 18 2017 Class CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL Reason 1 4 D B1 81 Declassify on 05 01 2030 REVIEW AUTHORITY David Van REVIEW Valkenburg Senior Reviewer jValkenburg 15 STATE 50466 May 01 2015 010135Z MAY 15 SECSTATE WASHDC MRN Date DTG From Action BANGUI AMEMBASSY ROUTINE ROUTTNE MINSK AMEMBASSY ROUTTNE ROUTINE AMCONSUL MAZAR-E SHARIF ROUnNE ROUTINE CONSUL AR POSTS COLLECTIVE RounNE ALL DIPLOMATIC AND CONSULAR ROUVNE 13526 SENV KGHG ECON ENRG EINV EAID UNFCCC SENSITIVE E O TAGS Captions Reference A 14 STATE 117042 B 14 STATE 145562 Cl 14 14 STATE 13587 C STATE 13587 FROM THE SPECIAL ENVOY FOR CLIMATE CHANGE TO CHIEFS OF MISSION AND OFFICERS HANDLING CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES CLIMATE CHANGE COMMUNICATIONS PACKAGE Pass Line Subject 1 SBU SUMMARY This communications package is intended for Chiefs of Mission and and staff for their use in engaging with host country counterparts and the media on climate negotiations issues in the lead-up to the 21st Conference of the Parties COP to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to be held in Paris in December 2015 This communications package includes three parts background talking points and questions and answers and may be shared with appropriate U S government employees as needed Word document versions of the three parts of this cable as well as other useful materials on climate change can be found on the State Department's climate change intranet site https infocentral state gov climate END SUMMARY 2 U Additional specific tailored messages for regions and posts will be sent as needed as we advance toward the Paris COP in December NOTE aa cable with aa targeted message for countries in Africa will be sent shortly Questions and requests on our climate change message should be directed to S SECC to Clare Sierawski SierawskiCS@state gov or Franz Hochstrasser HochstrasserFJ@state gov or to OES EGC Kari Pederson PedersonKJ@state gov 3 U PART I UN CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS BACKGROUND SBU We are currently negotiating an international agreement intended to guide global efforts to respond to climate change in the post-2020 era These CLASSI FI Fl CATI ON Page 1 of o-F FI ED UNCLASSI Fl 17 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 CO 6112425'1ED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI FI Fl CATI ON f »age Page 2 2 of o-F UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 negotiations scheduled to conclude in Paris in December of 2015 take place under under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change the 11 UNFCCC UNFCCC 11 aa treaty signed in 1992 by the Bush Administration and ratified by almost every country in the world including the United States '' We have been an active force the Parties'' Parties'' force in shaping the debate over the future climate change regime and our international standing on climate change is stronger than it has been in many years owing to the the robust actions we have been taking at home and abroad under the leadership of President Obama and Secretary Kerry U PREVIOUS MILESTONES SBU UN FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE 1992 • The United States is aa party • Its objective is to avoid dangerous man-made interference with the climate It_ contains several principles including that Parties should protect the • It climate in accordance with their common common but differentiated responsibilities and 11 respective capabilities'' CBDR RC 11 capabilities so-called CBDR RC 11 Par ties listed in Annex Ii have heighten ed • Parties heightened commitments including more detailed reporting and aa non-legally binding emissions aim in relation to the year 2000 and most have obligations to provide financial assistance to non-Annex 11 countries Annex II includes those countries that were OECD members in 1992 1992 ad ah' well as former soviet Soviet republics and Eastern European countries U KYOTO PROTOCOL 1997 • The United States is not aa party • It contains legally binding economy-wide emissions targets for for Annex II Parties only • It covers the period from 2008-2012 although certain Parties including the EU Norway and Switzerland have agreed to an amendment that goes to 2020 SBU COPENHAGEN ACCORD 2009 2009 • It is a political instrument aa long-term goal of keeping global temperature rise below 22 • It sets forth degrees Celsius C beyond pre-industrial levels emissions commitments from from both developed and developing countries and significant transparency and finance finance provisions • It covers the period through 2020 U DURBAN PLATFORM 2011 • It lays out the mandate for the agreement currently being negotiated — including that it will have legal legal force'' force of some kind and that it will be 11 applicable to all countries • The new agreement will cover the period from 2020 U KEY ISSUES IN ISSUES IN THE CURRENT NEGOTIATIONS to SBU Ambition There is widespread interest in designing the Paris agreement to promote ambitious action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in light of the 2 degrees C C temperature goal The question is how to do that in aa manner that also attracts broad participation For example aa top-down top-down approach that started the ambition with 2 degrees C and allocated emissions limits to Parties would meet he test but would fail' the participation test The current approach under which Parties come forward with nationally determined targets -- and do so well before sunshine of public scrutiny and thus thus Paris so that they will be exposed to the sunshine goaded to put their best foot forward -- was essentially developed by the United States CLASSI FI Fl CATI ON FI ED UNCLASSI Fl Page 2 2 of o-F 17 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 CO 6112 4 2 5'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON page Page 33 o o-f 17 UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 11 SBU So-called intended INDCs' that intended nationally determined contributions contributions or or INDCs that come forward this year will not themselves be enough enough to to keep keep the the world world on on track track relative to the 2 degrees C goal But most including including us us intend intend the the agreement agreement to to provide for regular updating of targets -- our preference is is every every 55 years years How How 11 such update ‘cycles cycles'' will work to keep Parties' emissions emissions moving moving in in the the right right direction is an important issue in the negotiations negotiations SEU SBU Differentiation or the firewall between developed developing developed developing countries countries The Annex 1 non-Annex division essentially between developed developed and and developing developing countries was substantially strengthened in the Kyoto Kyoto Protocol Protocol and and was was aa major major reason why the United States did not join This Administration Administration took took office office with with the goal of moving beyond this firewall firewall toward toward aa regime regime that that reflects reflects the the shifts shifts in countries' emissions and economic profiles since 1992 1992 We We took took positive positive steps steps in this direction under both the Copenhagen Accord both■the Accord and and the the Durban Durban mandate mandate for for the the current negotiation SBU Now we need to ensure that the new agreement which which will will apply apply in in the the 2020s 2020s and beyond is designed to reflect evolving capabilities and and circumstances circumstances rather rather than a a bifurcation Annex I non-Annex II or developed developing developed developing that that cannot cannot be be justified on environmental economic legal or political grounds grounds Our' Our nationally determined' determined approach is intended in part to to provide provide for for aa continuum continuum of effort in lieu of aa categories-based approach Nevertheless Nevertheless there there will will be be continued insistence from some developing countries that that the the Annex-based Annex-based system system be be maintained Some insist that the CBDR RC principle noted noted above above requires requires retention retention of that structure but we and other developed countries countries and and many many developing developing countries strenuously disagree SBU Accountability It will be important to design design the the agreement agreement to to make make Parties accountable for what they agree to take on This This issue issue has has aa number number of of dimensions including that Parties are clear about about their their targets targets by by including including the necessary clarifying information that each Party's Party's target target has has at at least least one one part that is unconditional i e not dependent upon upon what what other other Parties Parties do do or or upon upon part appropriate rules rules when when it it comes comes to to external financial support that there are appropriate accounting for targets that Parties report on their their emissions emissions and and their their progress progress in implementing their targets and that there be aa review review of of Parties' Parties' implementation SBU Some Parties contend that accountability requires requires emissions emissions targets targets to to be be not aa black-and-white black-and-white issue issue legally binding We and others disagree It is not given that there are plenty of examples in both the the climate climate and and non-climate non-climate worlds worlds of non-compliance with legally binding targets and and 'compliance' compliance with with non-legally non-legally binding targets There are also potential downsides downsides to to legally legally binding binding targets targets including reducing participation and suppressing ambition ambition We We believe believe we we can can achieve accountability effectively through strong rules rules for for transparency transparency in in Party Party pledges and on reporting and review and we are working working to to ensure ensure that that the the and non-legally non-legally binding binding agreement contains the right mix of legally binding and elements i e one that is environmentally effective and and enables enables the the participation of key countries ' Finance is is always always aa SBU Financial assistance to developing countries Finance demands for for very very large large sums sums and o r and or contentious area in climate negotiations with demands 11 for compensation compensation to countries s countries experiencing climate impacts impacts Under Under u U S leadership donors 'have have taken significant steps to to enhance enhance the the provision provision of of through working working to to establish establish aa new new climate funding in recent years including through countries meet meet their their collective collective Green Climate Fund and to ensure that developed countries from both both public public and and private private Copenhagen goal of mobilizing $100 billion by 2020 from financial aspect of the the Paris Paris package package will will be be one one sources It is likely that the financial FI CATI ON CLASSI Fl Page 33 of 17 FI ED UNCLASSI Fl Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of CO61124251ED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 CLASSI Fi Fl CATI ON Page 4 'age 4 of FI ED UNCLASSI Fl 17 of the most difficult and managing it to an acceptable result is aa major U S challenge U KEY PLAYERS SBU China China is a central player in the negotiations 1 4 D 1 4 0 II 81 B1 SBU BASIC Brazil South Africa India China We have different relationships with the other emerging economies of the so-called BASIC group 1 4 0 1 4 D 81 B1 SBU EU Generally speaking we are aligned with the EU and we worked very constructively with them at the December 2014 meetinq meeting in Lima I Lima constructivelv 1 4 0 1 4 D B1 81 Island countries SBU Islands climate change I some of which are existentially threatened by ' 1 4 0 1 4 D B1 81 SBU Africa Africa negotiates as a group and while there are aa variety of views among different countries at the end of the day they stay together and South Africa plays pl_ays the most influential role in guiding them II 1 4 0 1 4 D 81 B1 Latin America is distinctive in encompassing two strikingly SBU Latin America different groups plus a major economy Brazil The AILAC AILAC 11 countries include progressive Latins such as Colombia Chile Costa Rica and Peru among others 1 4 D 1 4 0 B1 81 SBU Like-Minded Developing the ALBA group Saudi Arabia Sudan and Malaysia as well Countries LMDC This configuration brings together and Egypt and other scattered countries such as China Most act in multiple groups as India and china I 1 4 0 1 4 D 81 B1 SBU Umbrella Group We caucus with the Umbrella Group which includes Canada Japan Russia Ukraine Australia New Zealand Norway Kazakhstan and Iceland CLASSI FI CLASS Fl CATI ON o-F 17 Page 4 4 of FI ED UNCLASSI Fl UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 CO 6112 4 2 S'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSI Fl FI D ED Page 5 S of o-f 17 i »age CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON U PROCESS THIS YEAR 11 SBU Preview of targets before Paris We have now submitted our our # INDC INDC a a reduction of 26-28 percent below 2005 levels in 2025 as as have have the the EU EU Russia Russia Mexico Norway Switzerland and Gabon We have been pushing others others to to announce announce • ambitious and transparent targets in aa timely fashion fashion The The more more strong strong targets targets are announced relatively early the more it will create momentum momentum toward toward Paris Paris U Meetings In addition to the formal formal negotiating rounds rounds numerous numerous other other fora fora will take up the issues under negotiation These include e g e g at at least least three three meetings of the Major Economies Forum Forum aa U S -led process involving involving the the major major emitters and others informal meetings called by the Peruvians the the current current UNFCCC UNFCCC Presidency and the French in their capacity as President of President of the the Paris Paris 11 Conference and the Petersberg Dialogue France the annual German-hosted Petersberg France is is considering potential meetings of Heads of State and or Foreign Ministers Ministers There There will also be aa number of important bilateral encounters including including between between the the United States and China in September U THE IMPORT OF A PARIS AGREEMENT SBU Assuming we conclude an agreement in Paris it will inevitably inevitably be be imperfect Still aa solid agreement would be aa major accomplishment accomplishment and and is is our our singular mission for this year If we succeed in Paris we we would would for for the the first first time have established an ambitious durable climate regime regime that that applies applies to to all all countries is fair focuses both on reducing greenhouse gas gas emissions emissions and and building building resilience includes strong accountability measures and and ensures ensures ongoing ongoing financial financial and technical assistance to those in need Such an agreement would agreement•would send send aa potent potent signal to the markets and civil society that the leaders of the the world world mean mean business on climate change 4 U PART II UN CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS -- TALKING POINTS POINTS • Securing a new climate agreement in Paris is aa top priority for for President President Obama Obama o Reaching a new agreement in Paris would be an historic step step It It would would establish for the first time an ambitious durable climate regime regime that that applies applies to all countries is is fair focuses both on reducing greenhouse greenhouse gas gas emissions emissions and and building resilience includes strong accountability measures measures and and ensures ensures ongoing ongoing financial and technical assistance to those in need Such an an agreement agreement would would send send a potent signal to the markets and civil society that the the nations nations of of the the world world are are tackling climate change and that there is no going back o We have to seize this opportunity We can finally finally put ourselves ourselves on on aa path path to to creating aa low-carbon sustainable global economy If we we were were to to miss miss this this chance now it would have serious consequences both for for climate change change and and the the effectiveness of the multilateral system We have to pull together together and and get get this this done o The deal is there to be done in Paris if we are smart make make compromises compromises and and work together It will be critical that delegations come to to the the table table this this year year not just to repeat their positions but to find find common ground ground respecting respecting the the concerns and imperatives of others • The President is fully committed to reaching aa successful climate climate agreement agreement in in Paris o The United States is fully engaged in the effort to deliver deliver aa strong strong agreement agreement CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON CLASS FI ED UNCLASSI Fl Page 5 S of o-F 17 of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department ofState CO 6112 4 2 S'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON age Page 6 of 6 o-F UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 in Paris o On on March 31 the United States announced aa target to to reduce reduce climate climate pollution pollution 26-28 percent below 2005 levels in 2025 This target is both ambitious ambitious and and achievable grounded in an intensive analysis of what can be done done under under existing existing law It is consistent with achieving deep economy-wide reductions reductions of of over over 80 80 It roughly doubles the pace of emission reductions percent by 2050 reductions for for the the period 2020-2025 as compared to 2005-2020 o Last November President Obama and President Xi Jinping Jinping of of China China made made an an historic Joint Announcement of our intended targets 'with ‘with China China agreeing agreeing for for the the first time to a peak year for its CO2 C02 emissions of around around 2030 2030 and and to to an an ambitious ambitious target of 20 percent clean energy in its energy mix by 2030 And And both both Presidents Presidents committed to working together to deliver aa successful agreement agreement in in Paris Paris o Under President Obama the United States has significantly increased increased financial financial support for developing countries in their efforts to reduce reduce emissions emissions and and increase increase adaptation to the impacts of climate change From 2010-2012 we joined with donor countries to meet the the 'Fast ''Fast Start' Start pledge pledge we made in Copenhagen to provide $30 billion of climate funding funding We We have have spearheaded aa donor coordination group to drive increased finance finance through through all all available channels to meet·our meet■our commitment to mobilize $100 billion billion of of funding funding from from public and private sources by 2020 -- in the context of meaningful meaningful mitigation mitigation and and transparency by developing countries We are well on the the way way to to meeting meeting that that goal goal Late last year the United States announced aa $3 billion pledge to to the the new new Green Climate Fund and worked with others to secure total total pledges pledges of of over over $10 $10 billion And we are committed to ensuring aa strong ongoing program of financial financial ahd and technical assistance in the post-2020 regime The United States and other donors also supported development development of of the the Climate Climate Technology Center and Network CTCN to help developing countries countries identify identify and and secure clean technology o On adaptation we have responded to countries' concerns about about the the challenge challenge of of adapting to the impacts of climate change in several ways ways — We have increased our adaptation assistance eight-fold since since 2009 2009 and and some some 80 80 percent of our bilateral adaptation funding funding goes to Least Developed Developed Countries Countries Small Island Developing States and Africa We also supported aa decision to devote 50 percent of Green Climate Climate Fund Fund financing to adaptation on aa grant equivalent basis Last year we helped spearhead helpedsspearhead creation of the new National Adaptation Adaptation Plan Plan NAP Global Network to promote and support adaptation planning planning In September 2014 President Obama announced aa new public-private partnership partnership that provides climate science data tools and training to to developing developing countries countries to help them prepare for the impacts of climate change Examples Examples We've released high-resolution topographical data for Africa free free online providing a resolution down to 30 meters of the Earth's surface This This will will allow allow countries to better track coming changes like sea-level rise rise and and water water shortages shortages FI CATI ON CLASSI Fl Page FI ED UNCLASSI Fl 6 6 of 17 Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc CO 6112 4 2 S'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON Page Page 7 7 o f o-F UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 We've released elevation data for Asia which will help India predict its its wheat harvest and be prepared to buy fqod food for for its people people in in advance advance if if needed needed We have also worked cooperatively with other states in in establishing establishing the the Warsaw Warsaw International Mechanism WIM for for Loss and Damage and and we we have have supported supported an an ambitious work plan for the WIM's new Executive Committee Committee — Finally as the largest humanitarian donor in the the world world the the United United States States will continue to respond with humanitarian aid to to those those in in nee ct need • The United States is also leading on the domestic domestic front front o Since President Obama took office the United States States has has taken taken historic historic steps steps to sharply reduce its emissions especially through through the the President's President's Climate Climate Action Action Plan putting us on track to meet our 2020 goal of reducing reducing emissions emissions in in the the range range of 17 percent below 2005 levels in 2020 We have have More than tripled electricity generation from from wind wind and and increased increased solar solar energy energy generation by more than twenty fold fold Established the toughest fuel economy standards in U S U S history history for for cars cars and and trucks which will double average fuel fuel efficiency from from 27 27 to to 54 54 miles miles per per gallon gallon by 2025 Proposed groundbreaking regulations to cut carbon pollution pollution by by 30 30 percent percent from from U S power plants which account for for aa third of U S U S emissions emissions Set energy conservation standards for for 29 categories of of appliances appliances and and equipment with more on the way way Invested in renewable energy technologies including by by making making $4 $4 billion billion in in loan guarantees for innovative· innovative renewable energy nd and energy energy efficiency efficiency technologies and Developed aa strategy to reduce methane emissions from from aa variety variety of of sectors sectors including a goal to cut methane emissions from from the the oil and and gas gas sector sector 40-45 40-45 percent from 2012 levels by 2025 o Under President Obama's leadership the United States States has has also also intensified intensified focus on bolstering our domestic resilience to climate change change ·In In the the last last two two years alone we have Released the third U S National Climate Assessment Assessment the the most most comprehensive comprehensive source of scientific information about climate change impacts impacts across across all all U S U S regions and critical sectors of the economy Launched an online Climate Resilience Toolkit to to provide provide scientific scientific tools tools information and expertise to help communities manage manage climate-related climate-related risks risks and and opportunities and improve their resilience to extreme events events and and — Established aa Climate Data Initiative to leverage open open data data across across the the Federal Federal government to spur innovation and private-sector entrepreneurship entrepreneurship as as it it relates relates to to adaptation Partners include Google Intel Amazon Amazon HP HP Coca-Cola Coca-Cola IBM IBM Walmart Walmart Microsoft the World Bank and the Rockefeller Foundation Foundation among among many many others others • The final agreement in Paris needs to include key key features features CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON Page 7 7 o f o-F UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 CO 6112 4 2 5'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON Page S 8 o oF age f UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 o First the outcome nee s The core objective of needs to be ambitious of the the 1992 1992 Framework Convention is to avoid dangerous climate change so so we we need need to to reduce reduce emissions as effectively as possible The first first step is for for countries countries to to come come forward with strong timely targets known as 'INDCs INDCs -- Intended· Intended Nationally Nationally Determined Contributions And the agreement also needs to to include include solid solid accountability measures so everyone can see how countries are are doing doing in in implementing their targets o Second we need to elevate the importance of adaptation adaptation countries Countries need need to to do do sound adaptation planning and to implement those plans in order order to to build build resilience to the impacts of climate change o Third the agreement needs to be fair fair to all and relevant relevant to to aa dynamic dynamic and and evolving world What we expect from countries should be differentiated differentiated to to capture capture their varying circumstan es But an agreement circumstances and capabilities agreement for for the the 2020s 2020s and and beyond cannot be bifurcated on the basis of fixed fixed 1992 1992 categories or or equivalents equivalents such as developed versus developing countries 1 4 0 1 4 D 81 B1 o Fourth the outcome needs to ensure strong ongoing financial financial assistance assistance especially aimed at adaptation for for the most vulnerable like small small islands islands and and African states consistent with the robust measures taken taken in recent recent years years • That's broadly how we see things but we would like to to hear hear your your views views o To sum up ·on on our side -- the United States under President Obama Obama is is fully fully engaged both domestically and internationally He is totally totally committed committed to to reaching an effective Paris deal that launches aa major major climate effort effort for for the the decades to come o 5 I'd like to hear from you today about your views and and concerns concerns U PART I I III UN CLIMATE NEGOTIATIONS -- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ANSWERS WHAT THE UNITED STATES IS DOING the Paris climate climate What is the United States doing to achieve success in the negotiation The United States is leading internationally and domestically domestically Internationally Internationally we announced our ambitious post-2020 target at the end of March March technically technically intended Nationally Determined Contribution' Contribution we·pledged we'pledged $3B $3B to to the the new new INDC or 'Intended capitalization late late last last year year Green Climate Fund as part of aa $10B initial capitaliz tion historic announcement announcement of of President Obama and President Xi of China joined in an historic boost of of momentum momentum to to the the our respective post-2020 targets in November providing aa boost full diplomatic swing working working with with countries countries around around negotiations and we are in full CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON CLASS FI ED UNCLASSI Fl Page S f 17 8 o of Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc CO 6112 4 2 5'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASS CLASSl Fl FI CATI ON Page Page 9 9 o-F of UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 the world to get the Paris agreement done At home the United States has taken historic steps to to sharply sharply reduce reduce its its emissions including through the President's Climate Action Action Plan Plan putting putting us us on on track to meet our 2020 goal of reducing emissions in the the range range of of 17 17 percent percent below below 2005 levels in 2020 Since President Obama took took office we we have have more more than than tripled tripled electricity generation from wind increased solar energy energy generation generation by by aa factor factor of of ten established the toughest fuel fuel economy standards in in U S U S history history for for cars cars and and trucks and proposed groundbreaking regulations to to cut cut carbon carbon pollution pollution by by 30 30 percent from U S power plants We have also intensified intensified our our focus focus on on bolstering bolstering domestic resilience to the impacts of climate change incl uding including through through release release of of the third U S National Climate Assessment Is the United States going to achieve its 2020 target target of of aa 17 17 percent percent reduction reduction With strong policy actions across all sectors we we are are on on track track to to achieve achieve our our target What is the put us on a 1 1 55 degrees for the post-2020 period period Is Is it it enough enough Will Will it it United States target for path to limit temperature increase to to 2 degrees degrees Celsius Celsius What What about about Celsius' The United States has set aa target of reducing our greenhouse greenhouse gas gas emissions emissions to to 2626make best best efforts efforts to to reduce reduce 28 percent below 2005 levels in 2025 and will make doubles the the annual annual pace pace of of our our carbon carbon emissions by 28 percent Our target roughly doubles emission reductions during the five five years from from 2020 to to 2025 2025 as as compared compared to to the the period from 2005 to 2020 It also puts us on aa pathway pathway consistent consistent with with achieving achieving the level level commonly commonly expected expected from from deep reductions of 80 percent or more by 2050 the warming to to below below 22 degrees degrees Celsius Celsius advanced economies in order to hold expected warming Whom did the United states States consult on its target and and what what is is it it based based on on rigorous interagency interagency process process to to identify identify The United States undertook an extensive rigorous are both both achievable achievable and and cost cost and assess potential emission reductions that are effective This process examined options to reduce reduce emissions emissions of of all all greenhouse greenhouse gases in every economic sector through existing executive executive authorities authorities and and voluntary programs Our agencies have had wide-ranging wide-ranging discussions discussions with with stakeholders from the public private and non-profit non-profit sector sector including including formal formal and and informal consultations with Congress Can the United States deliver on its target the potential potential to to reduce reduce emissions emissions Yes This target is grounded in assessments of the under existing laws that have already been passed by Congress Congress The The policies policies and and will continue continue to to have have regulations implemented under this Administration will years For For example example vehicle vehicle substantial and growing benefits even in later years through 2025 2025 efficiency standards now cover model years up through What happens if Congress or the courts block the the power power plant plant or or other other regulations the United States is relying on Although legal actions are common EPA's regulatory regulatory actions actions have have been been repeatedly repeatedly upheld by the courts and they have been able to deliver deliver consistently consistently robust robust 1980 have have withstood withstood repeated repeated legal legal results For example EPA regulations since 1980 sulfur dioxide dioxide emissions emissions challenges to successfully drive down another pollutant sulfur by more than 80 percent CLASSl Fl FI CATI ON CLASS FI ED UNCLASSI Fl 9 of o-F 17 Page 9 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 CO6112425'1ED C06112425'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 CLASSI FI Fl CATI ON Page Page 10 o f oF UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 The rulemaking process is the way our executive branch implements the requirements placed on it by Congress through existing laws The rules we issue are federally federally enforceable » IF ASKED After a rule is finalized Congress may within 60 days vote to overturn a rule under the Congressional Review Any such action is Review- Act CRA subject to Presidential veto veto can only be overridden with 2 3 majority vote in both houses of Congress No EPA or DOE rules have ever been ove·rturned overturned with this procedure In the history of the NB Overturning rules using the CRA is extremely rare Congressional Review Act only one rule has ever been overturned on aa CRA vote the Clinton-era OSHA ergonomic standards What happens if the next President decides to roll back the regulations President Obama has put p ut in place Without the support of Congress how can we have any confidence that the United States will deliver on its target Our 2025 target is grounded in assessments of the potential to reduce emissions our under existing laws that have already been passed by Congress Our regulatory actions are the means by which the Executive Branch carries out its role to implement laws passed by Congress Regulatory actions taken under the authority of existing laws follow aa careful process and are very difficult to undo For example under the Clean Air Act 'the United States is obligated to reduce emissions of carbon pollution Once aa regulation like the Clean Power Plan is finalized it can only be rescinded through another rulemaking process Any new rulemaking process must meet rigorous requirements including providing notice via a proposal taking public comment and issuing aa reasoned and reasonable decision that is responsive to the comments THE NEGOTIATIONS Why is this year's meeting in Paris so important The Paris meeting presents an opportunity to take an historic step in combatting climate change We have the chance to establish for for the first first time an ambitious durable climate regime that applies to all countries is fair fair to everyone focuses both on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and building resilience against the impacts of climate of-climate change includes strong accountability measures and ensures ongoing financial and technical assistance to those in need If we do this it will send aa powerful signal to the markets and civil society that nations nations have finally joined together to tackle climate change and that there is no going back What are the important issues heading into Paris There are at least five key issues First ambition We need aa serious show of ambition in the lead up to Paris Countries especially the major economies need to come forward forward with emission reductions targets that show we are making the cuts needed to keep us on the right track Second accountability We need to design an agreement that makes Parties accountable for their emission targets Although the targets are nationally determined they should be clear at their core be unconditional and be subject to certain basic agreed rules as well as to regular reporting and review CLASS FI CLASSI Fl CATI ON Page 10 o of f FI ED UNCLASSI Fl 17 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date 09 19 2017 CO C06112425 6112 42 S IED IED U S Department of State Case No No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSI Fl FI ED CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON r age Page 11 of o-F 17 Third adaptation We need to respond to the the call call by by many many countries countries to to elevate elevate the issue of adaptation to climate change That That is is the the agreement agreement must must not not only only effectively tackle the causes of climate change change but but it it must must address address its its effects effects The agreement should prioritize adaptation action action Fourth finance We need to be pragmatic about about the the level level and and kinds kinds of of financial· financial • support for developing countries Demands for for massive massive sums sums and and for for 'cornpensationq compensation are simply not feasible and we have made real real progress progress with with the the establishment establishment of of the Green Climate Fund and •in in ensuring that that developed developed countries countries meet meet their their collective 2009 Copenhagen goal of mobilizing $100 $100 billion billion by by 2020 2020 from from both both public and private sources Finally differentiation We need an agreement agreement that that both both properly properly takes takes account account of the different circumstances and capabilities of of different different countries countries but but also also works in the world of the 2020s and beyond This This means means we we cannot cannot build build the the postpost2020s 20203 regime on the basis of the antiquated divisions divisions between between countries countries created created by by the 1992 Convention 'Annex Annex 1' 1 or developed developed countries countries 'Non-Annex Non-Annex 1' 1 for for developing but instead must differentiate in in aa manner manner that that captures captures and and reflects reflects the real world i e the shifts in countries' emissions emissions and and economic economic trends trends that that have occurred and will continue to occur Are countries submitting ambitious targets in aa timely timely way way Are Are you you concerned concerned that INDCS 'INDCs' aren't corning coming in strong enough or or in in aa timely timely enough enough manner manner There is no question that ambitious and timely timely targets targets are are an an essential essential component component to getting aa successful agreement in Paris and and we we are are doing doing well well on on that that score score The United States Europe and China account for for more more than than half half of of global global emissions and all have announced strong targets targets While While China China hasn't hasn't made made its its formal submission yet the targets it announced announced in in the the U S -China U S -China Joint Joint Announcement of our presidents in November were were very very solid solid Mexico Mexico also also put put forward a very impressive target at the end of March March and and aa number number of of other other countries e g Norway Switzerland Russia Russia and and Gabon Gabon were were 'early early movers ' movers We We expect to see aa very substantial set of targets targets corning coming in in as as the the year year progresses progresses What impact will the U S -China Joint Announcement Announcement have have on on the the negotiations negotiations a U S -China alliance assure the success of Paris Paris Will Will While the U S -China Joint Announcement cannot ensure ensure the the success success of of Paris Paris it it has has clearly given momentum to the negotiations and and set set aa precedent precedent for for what what is is The joint announcement possible in bridging differences announcement sent sent aa powerful powerful signal signal that the world's two largest economies and and carbon carbon emitters emitters are are serious serious about about addressing climate change and willing to work work through through differences differences to to reach reach common common ground Does the United States support aa legally binding binding agreement agreement The mandate for the negotiations adopted in Durban Durban in in 2011 2011 makes makes clear clear that that the the Paris agreement is to have some kind of legal force force That That said said it it leaves leaves the the Parties with flexibility regarding the form form of the the agreement agreement and and the the legal legal nature nature of its provisions The legal form of the agreement is under discussion discussion now now though though the the negotiations negotiations the agreement agreement than than on on the the form form are still more focused on the substance of the this whole whole thing thing just just aa weak weak 'pledge pledge If the targets aren't legally binding isn't this Won't that be aa failure failure and review review' exercise won't CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON Page 11 of o-F 17 UNCLASSI Fl FI ED No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No CO 6112 4 2 5'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI CLASS Fl FI CATI ON a age Pag© 12 of o-F UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 The success of the agreement does not hinge on whether or not not the the targets targets will will be be legally binding What matters i s is whether the agreement will will promote promote environmental environmental ambition be designed to enable global participation and and ensure ensure accountability accountability with respect to implementation of the targets Will the Paris agreement put us on track to meet the 2 degree degree Celsius Celsius goal goal If If there is a mitigation gap ' 'gap what does the United States think think we we should should do do about about it The 2 degrees Celsius limit is our agreed goal but we should not not evaluate evaluate Paris Paris on the basis of aa single snapshot taken in December 2015 Holding Holding global global temperature increase to 2 degrees Celsius is going to require require the the transformation transformation of the global economy from a high-carbon to aa low-carbon energy energy base base We We can't can't • fully accomplish that transformation in 2015 but we can make make aa critical critical start start What we need to see from Paris with regard to two degrees degrees is i i initial initial targets targets that are as ambitious as possible -- especially by the largest-emitting largest-emitting countries countries ii the progressive ramping up of ambition on regular cycles preferably preferably every every 55 years and iii endorsement of the imperative of long-term decarbonization decarbonization Why does the United States oppose the principle of common common but but differentiated differentiated responsibilities responsibilities We don't Differentiation is essential and the principle of common common but but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities capabilities can can be be fully fully addressed in a manner consistent with the interests of all all and and the the objective objective of of containing climate change The principle is for for example embodied embodied in in the• the nationally determined structure of mitigation targets which which we we support support and and everyone's real real interests interests which is-a is·a self-differentiated structure that protects everyone's including the imperatives of growth development and the the eradication eradication of of poverty poverty What we do not accept is bifurcation based on rigid categories of of countries countries that that were established in 1992 and never change no matter how how much much the the material material conditions of countries change It makes no sense for for the the form form and and content content of of aa new agreement for the 2020s and beyond to be set based on antiquated antiquated categories categories Don't the developed countries have aa historic responsibility responsibility for for causing causing climate climate change Of course we recognize our historic role in the production of greenhouse greenhouse gas gas emissions but you need to be careful here -- the concept of historic historic responsibility responsibility is often invoked to suggest that responsibility responsibility for for taking taking climate climate action rests almost entirely with the so-called Annex 1 1 developed developed countries countries as as or conducive conducive to to defined in 1992 We don't find that logic either justified or solving the problem Industrialized countries certainly emitted early in the the context of of creating creating the the the world world But But history history technologies that modernized and are still modernizing the the world world is is now now emitting emitting didn't stop in 1992 it is created every day Consider the almost as much every decade as all the cumulative emissions that that occurred occurred before before for over 60 percent of current current global global 1970 developing countries now account for emissions and cumulative emissions from from developing countries will will surpass surpass those those before the the late late 20th 20th of developed countries by 2020 Moreover while emissions before the risk risk of of global global warming warming or or century were produced without either knowledge about the fossil fuels fuels those those facts facts have have now now the availability of effective alternatives to fossil changed dramatically -- we now know the consequences and and more more and and more more have have FI CATI ON CLASSI Fl Page 12 of o-F 17 FI ED UNCLASSI Fl Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc CO 6112 4 2 5'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASS Fl FI CATI ON Page Page 13 of UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 alternatives to fossil fuels The message is simple -- we have an unmistakable responsibility responsibility to to act act and and we we are are acting but all countries share aa common responsibility responsibility to to combat combat climate climate change change and we all need to pull together Are the developed countries on track to meet your your 2009 2009 pledge pledge in in Copenhagen Copenhagen of of $100B by 2020 Where are you now Why can't you you show show aa year-by-year year-by-year pathway pathway We are well on our way to collectively mobilizing $100 billion billion per per year year ·by by 2020 2020 the goal we set in Copenhagen in 2009 in the context of of meaningful meaningful mitigation mitigation and and to various various third-party third-party estimates estimates transparency by developing countries According to as well as the finance body of the UN climate convention convention itself itself annual annual public public flows from developed to developing countries are in the the range range of of $35-40 $35-40 billion billion And this doesn't include the private finance finance mobilized mobilized by by these these flows flows which which also also counts toward the $100 billion goal So we're making making good good progress progress toward toward our our collective $100 billion goal We have already said we we would would provide provide clear clear information on our progress toward the goal but are are not not prepared prepared to to add add new new yearyearby-year lyyear goals that wasn't part of the pledge we made made in in 2009 2009 and and we we are are not not prepared to change that now Why is deal of the a collective multi-year pledge of $10B a of’$10B to to the the Green Green Climate Climate Fund Fund such such aa big big It's just aa small part of your $100B year pledge pledge You're You're not not even even 1 l0th l 10th way there are you me try to to straighten straighten it it out out This question is based on aa common confusion so let me try The Green Climate Fund GCF is aa new institution that that we we hope hope will will become become the the preeminent channel for climate finance finance But even if it it does does it it will will still still be be only one channel and right now it is brand new and and has has Just just gone gone through through its its initial capitalization of $10B -- aa great start By contrast the $100B pledge is based on the mobilization mobilization of of climate climate finance finance from from all sources public and private and includes all channels channels including including the the World World Bank and other regional development banks national national development development banks banks such such as as our our and private private sector sector investment investment OPIC export credit agencies bilateral assistance and triggered in some fashion by public funds There funds or policy There was was never never aa pledge pledge for for a $100B $100B Green Climate Fund Fund In terms of where we stand on the $100B authoritative authoritative third-party third-party estimates estimates including from the World Bank put annual public flows flows from from developed developed to to the range of $35 billion And And this this doesn't doesn't include include the the developing countries in t e private finance mobilized by these flows flows which also also counts counts toward toward the the $100 $100 billion goal financial assistance assistance to to poor poor What is the United States itself doing to provide financial countries The United States is using every available lever to to mobilize mobilize climate climate finance finance for for FY2010-14’ U S public climate climate finance finance amounted amounted to to developing countries Between FY2010-14 for adaptation increasing increasing eightfold eightfold since since 2009 2009 In In $12 8 billion with assistance for billion dollars dollars in in public public FY2014 alone the United States provided nearly $2 7 billion finance as as aa percentage percentage of of our our finance and increased the share of adaptation finance These numbers do not include the the private private finance finance overall public finance These mobilized by this money Last year we • Pledged $3 billion to the Green Climate Fund -- half half of of which which will will be be for for adaptation on aa grant-equivalent basis and aa further further half half for for least least developed developed CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON ONz CLASS Page 13 of o-F FI ED UNCLASSI Fl 17 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 CO 6112 4 2 5IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASS CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON page Page 14 of o-F countries UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 LDCs small island developing states and and African African states states • Mandated U S federal agencies to mainstream climate resilience resilience into into all all international development assistance • Launched a National Adaptation Planning NAP Global Global Network Network to to galvanize galvanize bilateral assistance to support national adaptation adaptation planning planning processes processes in in vulnerable countries and • President Obama announced·a announced a new public-private partnership partnership that that provides provides climate science data tools and training to developing developing countries countries to to help help them them Examples prepare for the impacts of climate change o We've released free online high-resolution topographical topographical data data for for Africa Africa providing a resolution down to 30 meters of the Earth's Earth's surface surface This This will will allow allow countries to better track coming changes like sea-level rise rise and and water water shortages shortages o We've released elevation data for for Asia which can help help countries countries in in that that region region better predict things like wheat harvests and be prepared prepared to to buy buy food food for for its its people in advance if needed In addition • In addition as the largest humanitarian donor donor in in the the world world the the United United States States will continue to respond with humanitarian aid to to those those in in need need If climate change is as big aa problem as you say it is is why why won't won't the the United United States support aa plan to lower the intellectual property property barriers barriers that that make make it it impopsible impossible for developing countries to get the clean technology technology they they need-for need for lowlowcarbon development We have never seen intellectual property protection as as aa barrier barrier to to the the transfer transfer of low-carbon technology Just the opposite Intellectual Intellectual property property rights rights IPR IPR provide critical· critical incentives for for innovation that will will drive drive the the development development of of climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies technologies promote promote research research and and development and economic growth create jobs and and incentivize incentivize the the commercialization of critical green goods and services including including in in developing developing and least-developed countries Without IPR_protection IPR protection many many of of the the technologies technologies on which we rely today would not have been developed developed And And we we need need tomorrow's tomorrow's technologies to adequately address the climate-related challenges challenges that that we we are are facing and will face Without protection of IPR we we will will not not have have them them It It is is that simple How is the United States working to ensure that vulnerable vulnerable countries countries aren't aren't devastated by climate change The United States has increased its adaptation assistance assistance to to vulnerable vulnerable countries countries eight-fold since 2009 Some 80 p_ercent percent or our bilateral support support has has gone gone to to the the poorest and most vulnerable countries -- least developed developed countries countries LDCs LDCs small small islands developing states and African We African states states We are are helping helping these these countries countries reduce climate risks in key areas including infrastructure infrastructure agriculture agriculture and and health and water services We do this in part by helping helping develop develop capacity capacity to to use use the best science and analysis for for decision making making and and promoting promoting the the good good governance necessary to carry out these decisions decisions in the the Famine Famine Early Early Warning Warning As part of this effort the United States is investing in to food food security security and and provide provide Systems Network to identify potential threats to food security outlooks outlooks and and alerts alerts and and monthly food security updates regular food response planning efforts FI CATI ON CLASSI Fl FI ED UNCLASSI Fl Page 14 of 17· 17 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CO 6112 4 2 S'IED C06112425IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON page 15 15 of o-F UNCLASSI Fl FI ED 17 In addition in September 2014 President Obama announced announced aa new new public-private public-private partnership that provides climate science data tools tools and and training training to to developing developing countries to help them prepare for for the impacts of climate climate change change The The United United States also created the National Adaptation Plan NAP NAP Global Global Network Network last last year year to to galvanize support to help vulnerable countries develop develop and and implement implement their their NAP NAP processes Why does the United States oppqse oppose creating aa fund fund to to compensate compensate poor poor countries countries for for the loss and damage they suffer from from the climate change change that that industrialized industrialized countries cause The United States has worked hard on the loss and and damage damage’ issue issue over over the the last last year and a half including supporting the establishment of of the the 'Warsaw Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage or WIM at at the the Warsaw Warsaw COP COP We We also supported an ambitious work plan for for the Executive Executive Committee Committee of of the the WIM WIM at at the Lima COP last December This year we are working working intensively intensively with with partners partners from the' the· islands and other vulnerable countries to to find find aa cooperative cooperative effective effective approach for Paris And of course of tcourse the United States States is is the the largest largest humanitarian humanitarian donor in the world and will be there when disaster disaster strikes strikes no no matter matter the the cause cause We are also committed resilient way so that place and the United itself 'as s a leader in develop in in aa climate climate to helping vulnerable countries develop they can avert and reduce loss loss and and damage damage in in the the first first States under President Obama's guidance guidance has has established established this regard IF PRESSED We do not support aa compensation fund fund because because we we don't don't think think it it appropriate or feasible to suggest that unknown unknown unlimited unlimited liability liability should should be be imposed on certain countries POOR COUNTRIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE Why should poor countries put so much emphasis on climate change change when when their their first first priority should be to develop grow provide energy for for their their people people and and eradicate poverty The reality is that poor countries cannot grow and and develop develop in in aa sustainable sustainable manner manner unless they adopt aa low-carbon and resilient approach approach Climate Climate change change simply simply poses too great aa threat whether to food food production water water supply supply or or exposure exposure to to unfortunately most most at at risk risk from from these these extreme weather events And the poor are unfortunately and other climate impacts But it is also true that addressing climate change can can be be done done in in an an affordable affordable manner First the new agreement under discussion discussion would would be be fully fully differentiated differentiated about steps steps to to take take in in aa manner manner calling on countries to make their own decisions about of development development Second the the that fits their own national circumstances and level of Second to adapt adapt and and develop develop along along aa amount of support for countries in their efforts to Fund support support programs programs for for Low Low cleaner path is rising with the new Green Climate Fund the U S U S Enhancing Enhancing Capacity Capacity for for Emission Development Strategies LEDS such as the support channels channels Third Third the the LEDS program and LEDS Global Partnership and other support making aa non-fossil non-fossil fuel fuel path path costs for cleaner energy are dropping dramatically making much more viable when it it is is the the only only How can you oppose the use of coal by poor countries when access to to energy energy and and eradicate eradicate affordable way for them to grow develop provide access poverty FI CATI ON CLASSI Fl Page F'age o-F 15 of 17 FI ED UNCLASSI Fl UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED CO 6112 4 2 5'IED C06112425'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI CLASS Fl F CATI ON ON page Page 16 of o-F 17 UNCLASSI Fl FI ED U S policy is that public resources should not be used to to finance finance commercially commercially competitive technology in middle-income countries that are are capable capable of of attracting attracting such private sector investment Such coal plants would lock in in high high carbon carbon emissions emissions for many decades to come and make it har der harder to take on the the already already challenging challenging issue of reducing carbon pollution An exception is made made for for the the poorest poorest countries Of course coal plants can be part of aa country's energy mix what what we're we're saying saying is is that we shouldn't subsidize the building of such plants with with U S U S government government funds our Our policy does not limit private sector financing financing of coa'l coal plants plants But But scarce donor country financing for for energy development should support support clean clean energy energy solutions CONGRESS Is the United States trying to avoid Senate approval on aa potential potential Paris Paris agreement No The Administration has made clear that any international agreement agreement brought brought into force for the United States will be done so consistent with with the the constitutional requirements The Administration will also also continue continue to to consult consult with the Congress regarding the negotiations Will the agreement the United States is pushing for for require require Senate Senate approval approval Negotiations are ongoing At this stage we cannot say whether whether the the Paris Paris conference will result in an agreement that requires Senate approval approval The The appropriate domestic form of the Paris outcome will depend depend upon upon several several factors factors including its specific provisions Does the Republican Congress undermine your ability to get an an effective effective agreement agreement The Administration is focused on bringing home an agreement agreement that that is is in in the the best best interests of the United States In sum we are seeking an an agreement agreement that that is is ambitious in light of the climate challenge that reflects reflects nationally nationally determined determined mitigation efforts in line with national circumstances and and capabilities capabilities that that provides for accountability with respect to such efforts that that takes takes account account of of evolving emissions and economic trends ' and that promotes adaptation adaptation by by parties parties to to climate impacts 6 U Minimize considered Signature Kerry Drafted By Cleared By AF EX EZIMMERMAN AF EX EZIMMERMAN EAP EX SMARAFINO EUR-10 EX MMCKEOWN EUR-IO EX MMCKEOWN Approved By Released By CLASS CLASSI Fl FI CATI ON ON Page 16 of o-F 17 S SECC FHOCHSTRASSER NEA-SCA EX PHOFFMAN NEA-SCA EX- PHOFFMAN WHA EX APAN D SSHEILS D SSHEILS' D-MR LBONO P ELASKOWSKI M GCAMPBELL M' GCAMPBELL EAP CM VGUNDERSON S P MNAKAGAWA OES EGC RDRISCOLL OES EGC RDR SCOLL EAP EP BFONG EUR ERA SUDDIN NEA RMA JSMAIL SCA RA ECONNORTON WHA EPSC OCABELLO AF EPS ACROFT E KHOLLAND ENR ETR EEE DJUNKER SES-0 SES-O MSTOUSSAINT S SECC TSTERN TSTERN IRM_OPS_MSO Billups IRM_OPS_MSO Biliups Kristie N N UNCLASSI Fl FI ED Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc C0 6112 6112425IED CO 4 2 5'IED U S Department of State Case No F-2016-01641 Doc No C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 CLASSI FI Fl CATI ON Page rage o-F 17 of 17 FI ED UNCLASSI Fl XMT SANAA AMEMBASSY SANAA AWEMBASSY Dissemination Rule Archive Copy UNCLASSIFIED SBU CLASSI FI ON CLASS Fl CATI ON· Page 17 of 17 FI ED UNCLASSI Fl UNCLASSIFIED U S U S Department Department of of State State Case Case No No F-2016-01641 F-2016-01641 Doc Doc No No C06112425 C06112425 Date Date 09 19 2017 09 19 2017 UNCLASSIFIED