HUMAN RIGHTS The last several months have shown that we can make progress in narrowing our differences and resolving some co_n tentious problems The record in the human rights area however has been deeply disappointing Americans care about this issue at a very profound level The strong American reaction to Daniloff should tell you something about the importance we attach to individual rights and the lengths we are prepared to go to when individual rights are violated The Daniloff affair seriously damaged our relations I am concerned that if there is not early and substantial improvement in human rights particularly emigration reunifi atiQn of divided familJ s and better fi- eaEment of prominent human rights activist 2 such as Sakharov we could be moving toward the same result In Geneva you made a commitment to resolve humanitarian cases in a spirit of cooperation and consistent with Soviet law Resolution of a large number of our divided family cases this year reflects that spirit and we welcomed it and other steps But this represents a small fraction of the problem it is important to resolve the remainder of these American divided famili cases now especially separated husbands and wives is today at a 20 year low and Soviet Jewish activists subjected to increased persecution There is growing domestic political pressure to do something about it American Jewish groups with whose leaders I met just before coming to Reykjavik and many members of Congress have been asking us how we can sign agreements with the Soviets on cultural and scientific cooperation while this situation continues Major demonstrations and other political actions are being discussed Emigration On the positive side if Jewish emigration rises to levels of 1978-79 -- and is sustained -- progress in overcoming Jackson-Vanik Amendment trade credit limitations could be achieved Prompt resolution of several hundred long-term refusenik cases would remove a major irritant Improved treatment of prominent human rights activists such as §akharov and others would also go a long way toward improving atmosphere We noted and welcomed new willingness on part of Soviet Union to consider human rights legitimate topic of discussion I have spent much time on this issue because you should realize how important it is to the political context of our relationship I urge you to act now The sooner we can resolve these issues the easier it will be for us to move ahead in an improved atmosphere t9l' v'-th · DECLASSIFIED 0¢ NlRR R k- f JS -rifrd f BY Q -t --r fJ Cc 1 l' k fl NA'RAOA sovrET JF WRY I want to discuss the subiect of Tewish emi c rat ion from your country I'm raising this issue not to cau e controversy hut because I want you to understand its importance to me and my countrymen Our concerns have qrown since our last meeti ng as the numbe of Jews permitted to leave has steadily declined INTERFERENCE IN INTERNAL AFPAIRS I know that sometimes your officials claim that raising this issue is interference in your internal affairs Raising this issue is perfectly leqitimate Both our Governments have siqned politically binding international instruments which reouire respect for basic human riqhts In the Helsinki Final Act we agreed to respect basic human rights and to promote family reunitication We also agreed to act in conformity with the Universal D claration on Human Riqhts which 0uarantees the rioht to leave one's country and to return TRENDS IN JEWISH EMIGRATION Jewish emigration is of deen concern to the American peonle and to me personally The decline in emigration is a serious obstacle in our efforts to improve our relations I want to briefly review the trends in emigration In the 1970s your Government oermitted more than 250 000 Jews to emigrate In the peak year 1979 mnre than 51 000 emigrated These developments were welcome although even then substantial numbers of Soviet Jews were denied the riqht to emigrate In the 1980s the numbers began to nlummet By 1984 the total had dropped to 894 down 98 percent from the 1979 hi q h So far this year only n31 Soviet Jews have been allowed to leave If If this unfortunate trend continues l98fi could be the lowest in 20 years CLAIMS THAT ALL WHO WISH HAVE ALREADY LEFT Your officials sometimes claim this fall in emiqration resulted from the fact that all Soviet Jews who wish to leave have already done so But we know the names and addresse of approximately 11 000 Soviet Jews who have applied for and been denied permission to emigrate These are the refuseniks We can confirm that approximately 380 000 additional Soviet Jews have r equested the invitations from abroad that are the first step in the lonq and cumbersome Soviet process of obtaininq nermission to leave the USSR Some of these people may not have applied for exit permission because they fear the consequences of becoming refuseniks Some have been fired from their jobs harassed or even imprisoned There is then a very serious problem of Jewish emigration of deen concern to me to American Jews and to members of Congress If there isn't progress on this soon it could jeopardize our efforts to improve relations JEWISH EMIGRATION FROM THE SOVIET UNION I Thousands 51 320 50 45 · · - · 40 34 733 35 · · · · · · · · ··· ··· ····· · · · · · · · · · 31 681 • • · • • • • - • • · • 11 ··········· ···· ········ ······· ·· ··· ···· ·· · ······· ··· ······· ······· ···· ····· ··· ··· ··· ··· ······· · · · · · · · · ·· ········· · 30 25 28 864 · · · I · · - • • • · · • • • · · • • ·1• - • · · • • • • • ··· ··· · 1···· ·· ······ ··•· ······ ··· i-- 1 '· i 20 628 ···· ···· ··· · ·· ··· ·· ···· _ _ _ _ _··· 20 16 736 121 471 _ _ · · - · ·· 1 ········· -·1 · · · · · ·· ·•··· · · · · ·• •· - · I r · c• r1 d · 1 tif 15 13 221 1 1 10 5 1971 '72 '73 74 '75 '76 ·n '78 '79 '80 '81 '82 00 00 00 AFFIDAVITS OF INVITATIONS VIZ SENT FROM ISRAEL FROM OCT 1968 TO SEPT 1986 00 I 00 i I ARRIVALS IN VIEN OCT 1968 TO SEPT 1986 I i 00 I I 000000 _ 000- 000- 000- 68-70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 'h 82 83 84 85 P OPtlLATION JEWISH POPULATIO t OF THE SOVIET UNION REQUESTED VYZOVS EMIGRATED '1968-1986 REFUSENIKS EMIGRATED 1985 ' • · r _f 1 800 000 380 000 266 000 1 140 11 000 • I • · _ · · - t Selected Representational List cases Presented to Foreiqn Minister Shevardnadze Se tember 19-20 1986 American Citizens Dual Nationals Abe Stolar Soviets promised his case would be resolved but have denied his daughter-in-law permission to depart with Stolar and his family Garo Chrovian Was told in January his case wold be resolved Thus far no action Separated Spouses Matvey Finkel Married since 1979 to American citizen Susan Graham First child expected in December Finkel has applied 10 times Yuri Balovlenkov Married 1978 to American citizen Elena Kusrnenko Balovlenkova Two dauqhters only one of whom has ever seen her father Two hunger strikes most recently i n Galina Goltzman Separated from her husband defecto _ J natoliy Michelson since l 956 --------Sergei Petrov Married 1981 Divided Families Isabella Livshits and family u s informed twice this year their cases would be resolved but family has had no confirmation Bogdan Kuz'min and family Refused re eatedly No reasons ever given ___-r-Reportedly lost nope ' earlier this year and has stopped i n g for emiqration __ __ - - --- - --- - -- ·-·· · · Faina Glukhova and family Reneated refusals have resulted in three nervous breakdowns July 198n application refused because of state of relations between u s and USSR Remaininq lR Senarated Spouse Cases Ralovlenkov Yuri Married 1978 Two younq dnughters only one has seen father Bogomolov Mikhail Married 1985 Braun Svetlana Ilyinichino Married 1984 Finkel Matvey Married 1979 One of cases raised by Secretary with Shevardnadze in September First child by American wife Susan Graham expected in December Goltzman Galina MosL 1 aag standing case Husband Anatoliy Michelgon efect 1956 One adult daughter and qrandson also want to Jachno Lydi ik lovna Husband defecte 1981 -- ---·- Jurqutiene Husband 1 9 7 4 harassed Kaplan Elena Married 1974 1 Koldre Valentin Married 1982 - Mariya lost j ob · s he and dauahter Attacked in soviet pregs - - - ·-- --- - Kostin Vladislav Married 1979 Krylova Yelena Married 1983 Melnikova-Eichenwald Sonia Married 1985 Husband reports she is deeply depressed possibly suicidal Pakenas Petras Tuozo Married March 1986 factory Petrov Serqei Married 1981 Lost job as lawyer now clerk in meat Rezian Poqhos Has been informed case will be resolved Smith Nina Married 1981 Vlasenkov Dmitriy Married 1981 Zhukovskiy Evgeniy Aleksanr Has been informed cas w e resolved Persons of Special Interest to the U S List Given to Foreign Minister Shevardnadze September 19-20 1986 Ida Nudel Naurn and Inna Meirnan Josef Begun and family David and Tsitsilia Goldfarb Vitautis Skuodis and family Anatoliy Marchenko and Larisa Bogoraz Irina Ratushinskaya and Igor Gerashchenko Leyla Ali-Guseynova Gordievskaya and daughters Mariya and Anna